Strength of metals: yield and tensile strength compared
properties/strength-of-metalsYield strength, tensile strength and density of steels, stainless steels, aluminium, titanium, copper and nickel alloys, ranked from sourced values. Ranges run across temper and heat treatment. Ranked by the column you pick. Measured values come first; calculated values are labeled, and predictions are never mixed in as measurements.
| # | Material | Yield strength | Tensile strength | Density | Data |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| KNAlumel | 276 MPameasured · labmeasured · lab (hidden) | 586 to 1,170 MPameasured · labmeasured · lab (hidden) | 8.6 to 8.61 g/cm³measured · labmeasured · lab (hidden) | 3 of 3 | |
| 1050Aluminium alloy 1050 | at least 75 MPameasured · labmeasured · lab (hidden) | 60 to 145 MPameasured · labmeasured · lab (hidden) | 2.71 g/cm³measured · labmeasured · lab (hidden) | 3 of 3 | |
| 2011Aluminium alloy 2011 | 140 to 300 MPameasured · labmeasured · lab (hidden) | 245 to 420 MPameasured · labmeasured · lab (hidden) | 2.82 to 2.83 g/cm³measured · labmeasured · lab (hidden) | 3 of 3 | |
| 2014Aluminium alloy 2014 | at least 225 MPameasured · labmeasured · lab (hidden) | at least 400 MPameasured · labmeasured · lab (hidden) | 2.82 g/cm³measured · labmeasured · lab (hidden) | 3 of 3 | |
| 2017Aluminium alloy 2017 | 69 to 276 MPameasured · labmeasured · lab (hidden) | 179 to 451 MPameasured · labmeasured · lab (hidden) | 2.79 g/cm³measured · labmeasured · lab (hidden) | 3 of 3 | |
| 2024Aluminium alloy 2024 | 260 to 324 MPameasured · labmeasured · lab (hidden) | 410 to 469 MPameasured · labmeasured · lab (hidden) | 2.78 g/cm³measured · labmeasured · lab (hidden) | 3 of 3 | |
| 2219Aluminium alloy 2219 | 290 to 345 MPameasured · labmeasured · lab (hidden) | 395 to 427 MPameasured · labmeasured · lab (hidden) | 2.84 g/cm³measured · labmeasured · lab (hidden) | 3 of 3 | |
| 2319Aluminium alloy 2319 | 70 to 117 MPameasured · labmeasured · lab (hidden) | 160 to 269 MPameasured · labmeasured · lab (hidden) | 2.84 g/cm³measured · labmeasured · lab (hidden) | 3 of 3 | |
| 2017AAluminium alloy 2017A | 69 to 276 MPameasured · labmeasured · lab (hidden) | 179 to 451 MPameasured · labmeasured · lab (hidden) | 2.79 g/cm³measured · labmeasured · lab (hidden) | 3 of 3 | |
| 2618AAluminium alloy 2618A | 320 to 350 MPameasured · labmeasured · lab (hidden) | 400 to 420 MPameasured · labmeasured · lab (hidden) | 2.75 to 2.76 g/cm³measured · labmeasured · lab (hidden) | 3 of 3 | |
| 3003Aluminium alloy 3003 | 34.5 to 165 MPameasured · labmeasured · lab (hidden) | 96.5 to 207 MPameasured · labmeasured · lab (hidden) | 2.73 g/cm³measured · labmeasured · lab (hidden) | 3 of 3 | |
| 4047Aluminium alloy 4047 | 55 MPameasured · labmeasured · lab (hidden) | 124 MPameasured · labmeasured · lab (hidden) | 2.65 to 2.66 g/cm³measured · labmeasured · lab (hidden) | 3 of 3 | |
| 5052Aluminium alloy 5052 | 89.6 to 255 MPameasured · labmeasured · lab (hidden) | 193 to 290 MPameasured · labmeasured · lab (hidden) | 2.68 g/cm³measured · labmeasured · lab (hidden) | 3 of 3 | |
| 3103Aluminium alloy 3103 | at least 110 MPameasured · labmeasured · lab (hidden) | 90 to 195 MPameasured · labmeasured · lab (hidden) | 2.73 g/cm³measured · labmeasured · lab (hidden) | 3 of 3 | |
| 5083Aluminium alloy 5083 | 125 to 215 MPameasured · labmeasured · lab (hidden) | 275 to 385 MPameasured · labmeasured · lab (hidden) | 2.65 g/cm³measured · labmeasured · lab (hidden) | 3 of 3 | |
| AlMg2Aluminium alloy 5251 | at least 60 MPameasured · labmeasured · lab (hidden) | 160 to 285 MPameasured · labmeasured · lab (hidden) | 2.68 to 2.69 g/cm³measured · labmeasured · lab (hidden) | 3 of 3 | |
| AlMg3Aluminium alloy 5754 | 80 to 245 MPameasured · labmeasured · lab (hidden) | 190 to 290 MPameasured · labmeasured · lab (hidden) | 2.66 to 2.67 g/cm³measured · labmeasured · lab (hidden) | 3 of 3 | |
| 5XXXAluminium-magnesium alloys (5XXX series) | 89.6 to 255 MPameasured · labmeasured · lab (hidden) | 228 to 385 MPameasured · labmeasured · lab (hidden) | 2.65 to 2.76 g/cm³measured · labmeasured · lab (hidden) | 3 of 3 | |
| 6013Aluminium alloy 6013 | 350 to 379 MPameasured · labmeasured · lab (hidden) | 392 to 410 MPameasured · labmeasured · lab (hidden) | 2.71 g/cm³measured · labmeasured · lab (hidden) | 3 of 3 | |
| 6061Aluminium alloy 6061 | 276 MPameasured · labmeasured · lab (hidden) | 310 MPameasured · labmeasured · lab (hidden) | 2.7 g/cm³measured · labmeasured · lab (hidden) | 3 of 3 | |
| 6063Aluminium alloy 6063 | 90 to 214 MPameasured · labmeasured · lab (hidden) | 150 to 241 MPameasured · labmeasured · lab (hidden) | 2.7 g/cm³measured · labmeasured · lab (hidden) | 3 of 3 | |
| 6082Aluminium alloy 6082 | 85 to 310 MPameasured · labmeasured · lab (hidden) | 295 to 340 MPameasured · labmeasured · lab (hidden) | 2.7 g/cm³measured · labmeasured · lab (hidden) | 3 of 3 | |
| 6101Aluminium alloy 6101 | 170 to 193 MPameasured · labmeasured · lab (hidden) | 85 to 221 MPameasured · labmeasured · lab (hidden) | 0.097 lb/cu.inmeasured · labmeasured · lab (hidden) | 3 of 3 | |
| 7075-T6Aluminium alloy 7075-T6 | 503 MPameasured · labmeasured · lab (hidden) | 572 MPameasured · labmeasured · lab (hidden) | 2.8 g/cm³measured · labmeasured · lab (hidden) | 3 of 3 | |
| AA7050Aluminium alloy 7050 | 400 to 479 MPameasured · labmeasured · lab (hidden) | 469 to 540 MPameasured · labmeasured · lab (hidden) | 2.83 g/cm³measured · labmeasured · lab (hidden) | 3 of 3 | |
| C630Aluminium bronze C63000 (wrought, CuAl10Ni5Fe4) | 250 to 530 MPameasured · labmeasured · lab (hidden) | 585 to 814 MPameasured · labmeasured · lab (hidden) | 7.58 g/cm³measured · labmeasured · lab (hidden) | 3 of 3 | |
| 2195 (Al-Cu-Li)Aluminium-lithium alloy 2195 | 252 to 510 MPameasured · labmeasured · lab (hidden) | 303 to 560 MPameasured · labmeasured · lab (hidden) | 2.66 to 2.72 g/cm³measured · labmeasured · lab (hidden) | 3 of 3 | |
| AlAluminium | 29 MPameasured · labmeasured · lab (hidden) | 88 to 310 MPameasured · labmeasured · lab (hidden) | 2.7 g/cm³measured · labmeasured · lab (hidden) | 3 of 3 | |
| BeCuBeryllium copper | 130 to 1,380 MPameasured · labmeasured · lab (hidden) | 410 to 1,550 MPameasured · labmeasured · lab (hidden) | 8.36 g/cm³measured · labmeasured · lab (hidden) | 3 of 3 | |
| BeBeryllium | at least 207 MPameasured · labmeasured · lab (hidden) | at least 290 MPameasured · labmeasured · lab (hidden) | 1.85 g/cm³measured · labmeasured · lab (hidden) | 3 of 3 | |
| C510Phosphor bronze C51000 (CuSn5P) | 550 MPameasured · labmeasured · lab (hidden) | 485 to 790 MPameasured · labmeasured · lab (hidden) | 8.86 g/cm³measured · labmeasured · lab (hidden) | 3 of 3 | |
| C360Free-cutting brass C36000 | at least 130 MPameasured · labmeasured · lab (hidden) | at least 330 MPameasured · labmeasured · lab (hidden) | 8.5 g/cm³measured · labmeasured · lab (hidden) | 3 of 3 | |
| C954Aluminium bronze C95400 | at least 205 MPameasured · labmeasured · lab (hidden) | at least 515 MPameasured · labmeasured · lab (hidden) | 7.45 g/cm³measured · labmeasured · lab (hidden) | 3 of 3 | |
| C260Cartridge brass 70/30 | 103 to 359 MPameasured · labmeasured · lab (hidden) | 324 to 700 MPameasured · labmeasured · lab (hidden) | 8.53 g/cm³measured · labmeasured · lab (hidden) | 3 of 3 | |
| CeCerium | 91 MPameasured · labmeasured · lab (hidden) | 102 MPameasured · labmeasured · lab (hidden) | 6.75 to 6.77 g/cm³measured · labmeasured · lab (hidden) | 3 of 3 | |
| Ni-10Cr (Chromel-P)Chromel | 220 to 310 MPameasured · labmeasured · lab (hidden) | 580 to 655 MPameasured · labmeasured · lab (hidden) | 8.72 to 8.73 g/cm³measured · labmeasured · lab (hidden) | 3 of 3 | |
| UNS R30605Cobalt-chromium alloys (Haynes 25 / L-605 and CoCrMo medical grades) | 379 to 827 MPameasured · labmeasured · lab (hidden) | 655 to 1,172 MPameasured · labmeasured · lab (hidden) | 8.3 to 9.13 g/cm³measured · labmeasured · lab (hidden) | 3 of 3 | |
| CuCopper | 69 MPameasured · labmeasured · lab (hidden) | 179 to 262 MPameasured · labmeasured · lab (hidden) | 8.9 to 8.96 g/cm³measured · labmeasured · lab (hidden) | 3 of 3 | |
| CuCrZrCopper-chromium-zirconium (CuCrZr) | 233 to 500 MPameasured · labmeasured · lab (hidden) | 345 to 660 MPameasured · labmeasured · lab (hidden) | 8.75 to 8.94 g/cm³measured · labmeasured · lab (hidden) | 3 of 3 | |
| CuNi 70/30Cupronickel 70/30 | 124 to 179 MPameasured · labmeasured · lab (hidden) | 310 to 414 MPameasured · labmeasured · lab (hidden) | 8.94 g/cm³measured · labmeasured · lab (hidden) | 3 of 3 | |
| SG iron (ASTM A536, EN-GJS)Ductile iron (nodular iron, SG iron) | 276 to 621 MPameasured · labmeasured · lab (hidden) | 350 to 827 MPameasured · labmeasured · lab (hidden) | no data | 2 of 3 | |
| 2101Lean duplex stainless steel 2101 (UNS S32101) | at least 450 MPameasured · labmeasured · lab (hidden) | at least 650 MPameasured · labmeasured · lab (hidden) | 7.8 g/cm³measured · labmeasured · lab (hidden) | 3 of 3 | |
| Fe-SiSilicon electrical steel | 435 MPameasured · labmeasured · lab (hidden) | 535 MPameasured · labmeasured · lab (hidden) | 7.6 to 7.85 g/cm³measured · labmeasured · lab (hidden) | 3 of 3 | |
| Ni-Cr-Al-Cu precision resistance alloyEvanohm | 300 to 1,620 MPameasured · labmeasured · lab (hidden) | 650 to 1,655 MPameasured · labmeasured · lab (hidden) | 8.1 g/cm³measured · labmeasured · lab (hidden) | 3 of 3 | |
| GdGadolinium | 179 MPameasured · labmeasured · lab (hidden) | 193 MPameasured · labmeasured · lab (hidden) | 7.89 to 7.9 g/cm³measured · labmeasured · lab (hidden) | 3 of 3 | |
| Gray iron (ASTM A48, EN-GJL, GG 25)Gray cast iron (flake graphite iron) | 165 to 228 MPameasured · labmeasured · lab (hidden) | 138 to 431 MPameasured · labmeasured · lab (hidden) | 7.2 g/cm³measured · labmeasured · lab (hidden) | 3 of 3 | |
| HfHafnium | at least 151 MPameasured · labmeasured · lab (hidden) | at least 400 MPameasured · labmeasured · lab (hidden) | 13.1 to 13.3 g/cm³measured · labmeasured · lab (hidden) | 3 of 3 | |
| Ni-MoHastelloy B-3 | 400 to 421 MPameasured · labmeasured · lab (hidden) | 862 to 883 MPameasured · labmeasured · lab (hidden) | 9.22 g/cm³measured · labmeasured · lab (hidden) | 3 of 3 | |
| C-276 (UNS N10276)Hastelloy C-276 | 283 to 415 MPameasured · labmeasured · lab (hidden) | 690 to 792 MPameasured · labmeasured · lab (hidden) | 8.89 to 8.9 g/cm³measured · labmeasured · lab (hidden) | 3 of 3 | |
| C-22Hastelloy C-22 | 310 to 403 MPameasured · labmeasured · lab (hidden) | 690 to 950 MPameasured · labmeasured · lab (hidden) | 8.69 g/cm³measured · labmeasured · lab (hidden) | 3 of 3 | |
| X (UNS N06002)Hastelloy X | 340 to 945 MPameasured · labmeasured · lab (hidden) | 760 to 1,110 MPameasured · labmeasured · lab (hidden) | 8.22 g/cm³measured · labmeasured · lab (hidden) | 3 of 3 | |
| UNS R30004Havar | 483 to 2,068 MPameasured · labmeasured · lab (hidden) | 965 to 2,275 MPameasured · labmeasured · lab (hidden) | 8.3 g/cm³measured · labmeasured · lab (hidden) | 3 of 3 | |
| UNS N07214Haynes 214 | 438 to 577 MPameasured · labmeasured · lab (hidden) | 758 to 1,035 MPameasured · labmeasured · lab (hidden) | 8.05 g/cm³measured · labmeasured · lab (hidden) | 3 of 3 | |
| H230 (UNS N06230)Haynes 230 | 383 to 417 MPameasured · labmeasured · lab (hidden) | 837 to 852 MPameasured · labmeasured · lab (hidden) | 8.97 g/cm³measured · labmeasured · lab (hidden) | 3 of 3 | |
| UNS N08800Incoloy 800 | 250 to 690 MPameasured · labmeasured · lab (hidden) | 590 to 771 MPameasured · labmeasured · lab (hidden) | 7.94 g/cm³measured · labmeasured · lab (hidden) | 3 of 3 | |
| Alloy 825 (UNS N08825)Incoloy 825 | 240 to 889 MPameasured · labmeasured · lab (hidden) | 585 to 1,000 MPameasured · labmeasured · lab (hidden) | 8.14 g/cm³measured · labmeasured · lab (hidden) | 3 of 3 | |
| Alloy 600 (UNS N06600, W.Nr. 2.4816)Inconel 600 | 170 to 345 MPameasured · labmeasured · lab (hidden) | 490 to 690 MPameasured · labmeasured · lab (hidden) | 8.47 to 8.5 g/cm³measured · labmeasured · lab (hidden) | 3 of 3 | |
| Alloy 601Inconel 601 | 205 to 310 MPameasured · labmeasured · lab (hidden) | 550 to 690 MPameasured · labmeasured · lab (hidden) | 8.11 g/cm³measured · labmeasured · lab (hidden) | 3 of 3 | |
| Alloy 617Inconel 617 | 300 to 368 MPameasured · labmeasured · lab (hidden) | 690 to 808 MPameasured · labmeasured · lab (hidden) | 8.36 g/cm³measured · labmeasured · lab (hidden) | 3 of 3 | |
| IN625 (UNS N06625)Inconel 625 | 290 to 655 MPameasured · labmeasured · lab (hidden) | 724 to 1,034 MPameasured · labmeasured · lab (hidden) | 8.44 g/cm³measured · labmeasured · lab (hidden) | 3 of 3 | |
| X-750 (UNS N07750)Inconel X-750 | 393 to 793 MPameasured · labmeasured · lab (hidden) | 855 to 1,586 MPameasured · labmeasured · lab (hidden) | 8.28 g/cm³measured · labmeasured · lab (hidden) | 3 of 3 | |
| FeNi36Invar 36 | 276 MPameasured · labmeasured · lab (hidden) | 448 to 518 MPameasured · labmeasured · lab (hidden) | 8.05 to 8.13 g/cm³measured · labmeasured · lab (hidden) | 3 of 3 | |
| IN718 (UNS N07718)Inconel 718 | 1,179 MPameasured · labmeasured · lab (hidden) | 1,386 MPameasured · labmeasured · lab (hidden) | 8.22 g/cm³measured · labmeasured · lab (hidden) | 3 of 3 | |
| IrIridium | 93 to 1,618 MPameasured · labmeasured · lab (hidden) | 450 to 1,632 MPameasured · labmeasured · lab (hidden) | 22.6 g/cm³measured · labmeasured · lab (hidden) | 3 of 3 | |
| Fe-Ni-CoKovar | at least 200 MPameasured · labmeasured · lab (hidden) | 450 to 830 MPameasured · labmeasured · lab (hidden) | 8.36 g/cm³measured · labmeasured · lab (hidden) | 3 of 3 | |
| CW614NLeaded free-machining brass CW614N (CuZn39Pb3, UNS C38500) | 150 to 420 MPameasured · labmeasured · lab (hidden) | 360 to 580 MPameasured · labmeasured · lab (hidden) | 8.44 to 8.47 g/cm³measured · labmeasured · lab (hidden) | 3 of 3 | |
| AJ62Magnesium alloy AJ62 | 121 to 130 MPameasured · labmeasured · lab (hidden) | 225 to 258 MPameasured · labmeasured · lab (hidden) | no data | 2 of 3 | |
| AZ61Magnesium alloy AZ61 | at least 152 MPameasured · labmeasured · lab (hidden) | 262 to 310 MPameasured · labmeasured · lab (hidden) | 1.8 g/cm³measured · labmeasured · lab (hidden) | 3 of 3 | |
| EV31AMagnesium alloy EV31A (Elektron 21) | 99 to 170 MPameasured · labmeasured · lab (hidden) | 192 to 280 MPameasured · labmeasured · lab (hidden) | 1.82 g/cm³measured · labmeasured · lab (hidden) | 3 of 3 | |
| MGMetallic glass (amorphous metal ribbons) | 1,986 to 2,073 MPameasured · labmeasured · lab (hidden) | 1,000 to 2,000 MPameasured · labmeasured · lab (hidden) | 7.18 to 7.59 g/cm³measured · labmeasured · lab (hidden) | 3 of 3 | |
| Mo-ReMolybdenum-rhenium alloy | 557 MPameasured · labmeasured · lab (hidden) | 719 MPameasured · labmeasured · lab (hidden) | 14.6 g/cm³measured · labmeasured · lab (hidden) | 3 of 3 | |
| MoMolybdenum | 265 MPameasured · labmeasured · lab (hidden) | 411 MPameasured · labmeasured · lab (hidden) | 10.2 g/cm³measured · labmeasured · lab (hidden) | 3 of 3 | |
| Alloy 400 (UNS N04400)Monel 400 | 172 to 345 MPameasured · labmeasured · lab (hidden) | 483 to 621 MPameasured · labmeasured · lab (hidden) | 8.8 to 8.83 g/cm³measured · labmeasured · lab (hidden) | 3 of 3 | |
| K-500Monel K-500 | 276 to 827 MPameasured · labmeasured · lab (hidden) | 621 to 1,310 MPameasured · labmeasured · lab (hidden) | 8.44 to 8.45 g/cm³measured · labmeasured · lab (hidden) | 3 of 3 | |
| Ni-Fe-MoMu-metal | 160 to 450 MPameasured · labmeasured · lab (hidden) | 500 to 700 MPameasured · labmeasured · lab (hidden) | 8.7 to 8.75 g/cm³measured · labmeasured · lab (hidden) | 3 of 3 | |
| NiCr 80/20Nichrome | 300 to 420 MPameasured · labmeasured · lab (hidden) | 725 to 810 MPameasured · labmeasured · lab (hidden) | 8.3 to 8.4 g/cm³measured · labmeasured · lab (hidden) | 3 of 3 | |
| NiBe2Nickel-beryllium alloy 360 (UNS N03360) | 280 to 1,590 MPameasured · labmeasured · lab (hidden) | 660 to 1,860 MPameasured · labmeasured · lab (hidden) | 8.27 to 8.36 g/cm³measured · labmeasured · lab (hidden) | 3 of 3 | |
| Ni-alloysMinor nickel alloys (nickel-iron soft-magnetic and nickel-manganese grades) | 280 to 1,030 MPameasured · labmeasured · lab (hidden) | 450 to 900 MPameasured · labmeasured · lab (hidden) | 8.2 to 8.86 g/cm³measured · labmeasured · lab (hidden) | 3 of 3 | |
| NiNickel | 105 to 210 MPameasured · labmeasured · lab (hidden) | 380 to 520 MPameasured · labmeasured · lab (hidden) | 8.89 to 8.91 g/cm³measured · labmeasured · lab (hidden) | 3 of 3 | |
| UNS N07090 (W. Nr. 2.4632)Nimonic 90 | 461 to 752 MPameasured · labmeasured · lab (hidden) | 865 to 1,175 MPameasured · labmeasured · lab (hidden) | 8.18 g/cm³measured · labmeasured · lab (hidden) | 3 of 3 | |
| Nb alloysNiobium alloys (Nb-1Zr, C-103, FS-85) | 276 MPameasured · labmeasured · lab (hidden) | 386 MPameasured · labmeasured · lab (hidden) | 8.57 to 8.85 g/cm³measured · labmeasured · lab (hidden) | 3 of 3 | |
| NbNiobium | 276 MPameasured · labmeasured · lab (hidden) | 386 MPameasured · labmeasured · lab (hidden) | 8.58 to 8.86 g/cm³measured · labmeasured · lab (hidden) | 3 of 3 | |
| NiTiNitinol | 70 to 690 MPameasured · labmeasured · lab (hidden) | no data | 6.45 g/cm³measured · labmeasured · lab (hidden) | 2 of 3 | |
| Nitronic 60Nitronic 60 stainless steel | 345 to 393 MPameasured · labmeasured · lab (hidden) | 655 to 717 MPameasured · labmeasured · lab (hidden) | 7.62 gm/cm3measured · labmeasured · lab (hidden) | 3 of 3 | |
| Pd-AgPalladium-silver alloys | 150 MPameasured · labmeasured · lab (hidden) | 310 MPameasured · labmeasured · lab (hidden) | 10.9 g/cm³measured · labmeasured · lab (hidden) | 3 of 3 | |
| Ni-Fe-MoPermalloy 80 | 170 to 450 MPameasured · labmeasured · lab (hidden) | 450 to 700 MPameasured · labmeasured · lab (hidden) | 8.7 g/cm³measured · labmeasured · lab (hidden) | 3 of 3 | |
| FeCoVPermendur (Hiperco 50) | 250 MPameasured · labmeasured · lab (hidden) | 350 MPameasured · labmeasured · lab (hidden) | 8.12 g/cm³measured · labmeasured · lab (hidden) | 3 of 3 | |
| C521Phosphor bronze C52100 (CuSn8) | 350 to 725 MPameasured · labmeasured · lab (hidden) | 475 to 840 MPameasured · labmeasured · lab (hidden) | 8.79 g/cm³measured · labmeasured · lab (hidden) | 3 of 3 | |
| UNS R30003Phynox | 1,800 MPameasured · labmeasured · lab (hidden) | 689 to 2,620 MPameasured · labmeasured · lab (hidden) | 8.3 g/cm³measured · labmeasured · lab (hidden) | 3 of 3 | |
| Pt-IrPlatinum-iridium alloy | 220 to 920 MPameasured · labmeasured · lab (hidden) | 340 to 940 MPameasured · labmeasured · lab (hidden) | 21.5 to 21.7 g/cm³measured · labmeasured · lab (hidden) | 3 of 3 | |
| Pt-RhPlatinum-rhodium alloys | 180 to 950 MPameasured · labmeasured · lab (hidden) | 300 to 1,000 MPameasured · labmeasured · lab (hidden) | 17.6 to 20 g/cm³measured · labmeasured · lab (hidden) | 3 of 3 | |
| Pt-W, Pt-CuPlatinum-tungsten and platinum-copper alloys | 400 to 1,000 MPameasured · labmeasured · lab (hidden) | 800 to 1,100 MPameasured · labmeasured · lab (hidden) | 21.3 g/cm³measured · labmeasured · lab (hidden) | 3 of 3 | |
| PtPlatinum | 70 to 290 MPameasured · labmeasured · lab (hidden) | 150 to 330 MPameasured · labmeasured · lab (hidden) | 21.4 to 21.5 g/cm³measured · labmeasured · lab (hidden) | 3 of 3 | |
| ReRhenium | 200 to 500 MPameasured · labmeasured · lab (hidden) | 400 to 700 MPameasured · labmeasured · lab (hidden) | 21 g/cm³measured · labmeasured · lab (hidden) | 3 of 3 | |
| C655Silicon bronze C65500 (CuSi3Mn1) | 145 to 427 MPameasured · labmeasured · lab (hidden) | 386 to 758 MPameasured · labmeasured · lab (hidden) | 8.53 g/cm³measured · labmeasured · lab (hidden) | 3 of 3 | |
| Ag alloysSilver alloys (brazing, silver-gold and contact alloys) | 272 MPameasured · labmeasured · lab (hidden) | 200 to 440 MPameasured · labmeasured · lab (hidden) | 10 to 10.9 g/cm³measured · labmeasured · lab (hidden) | 3 of 3 | |
| SAC305SAC305 solder (Sn-3.0Ag-0.5Cu) | 22 MPameasured · labmeasured · lab (hidden) | 29.7 to 39.6 MPameasured · labmeasured · lab (hidden) | 7.35 g/cm³measured · labmeasured · lab (hidden) | 3 of 3 | |
| 15-7 PHPH 15-7 Mo stainless steel | 380 to 1,515 MPameasured · labmeasured · lab (hidden) | 860 to 1,690 MPameasured · labmeasured · lab (hidden) | 7.67 to 7.8 g/cm³measured · labmeasured · lab (hidden) | 3 of 3 | |
| 1.4418 (X4CrNiMo16-5-1)Martensitic stainless steel (EN 1.4418, X4CrNiMo16-5-1) | 550 to 920 MPameasured · labmeasured · lab (hidden) | 760 to 1,100 MPameasured · labmeasured · lab (hidden) | 7.7 g/cm³measured · labmeasured · lab (hidden) | 3 of 3 | |
| 2507 (UNS S32750)Super duplex stainless steel 2507 | at least 530 MPameasured · labmeasured · lab (hidden) | 750 to 1,000 MPameasured · labmeasured · lab (hidden) | 7.8 g/cm³measured · labmeasured · lab (hidden) | 3 of 3 | |
| 17-7 PH (UNS S17700, EN 1.4568, Type 631)17-7 PH stainless steel | 310 to 1,896 MPameasured · labmeasured · lab (hidden) | 827 to 2,034 MPameasured · labmeasured · lab (hidden) | 7.65 to 7.81 g/cm³measured · labmeasured · lab (hidden) | 3 of 3 | |
| 301 (UNS S30100)Stainless steel 301 | 205 to 1,103 MPameasured · labmeasured · lab (hidden) | 515 to 1,276 MPameasured · labmeasured · lab (hidden) | 7.88 to 8.03 g/cm³measured · labmeasured · lab (hidden) | 3 of 3 | |
| 17-4 PH (UNS S17400, Type 630)17-4 PH stainless steel | 725 to 1,262 MPameasured · labmeasured · lab (hidden) | 930 to 1,365 MPameasured · labmeasured · lab (hidden) | 7.75 to 7.86 g/cm³measured · labmeasured · lab (hidden) | 3 of 3 | |
| 2205 (UNS S32205)Duplex stainless steel 2205 | at least 450 MPameasured · labmeasured · lab (hidden) | 655 to 965 MPameasured · labmeasured · lab (hidden) | 7.8 to 7.82 g/cm³measured · labmeasured · lab (hidden) | 3 of 3 | |
| 302AISI 302 stainless steel (UNS S30200, EN 1.4310) | 195 to 338 MPameasured · labmeasured · lab (hidden) | 500 to 2,200 MPameasured · labmeasured · lab (hidden) | 7.9 g/cm³measured · labmeasured · lab (hidden) | 3 of 3 | |
| 303 (UNS S30300)Stainless steel 303 | 172 to 207 MPameasured · labmeasured · lab (hidden) | 500 to 517 MPameasured · labmeasured · lab (hidden) | 7.89 to 8.03 g/cm³measured · labmeasured · lab (hidden) | 3 of 3 | |
| 2304 (UNS S32304, EN 1.4362)Lean duplex stainless steel 2304 | at least 400 MPameasured · labmeasured · lab (hidden) | 600 to 820 MPameasured · labmeasured · lab (hidden) | 7.8 g/cm³measured · labmeasured · lab (hidden) | 3 of 3 | |
| 304L (UNS S30403)Stainless steel 304L | 170 to 241 MPameasured · labmeasured · lab (hidden) | 485 to 586 MPameasured · labmeasured · lab (hidden) | 7.9 g/cm³measured · labmeasured · lab (hidden) | 3 of 3 | |
| 309AISI 309 stainless steel | 207 to 290 MPameasured · labmeasured · lab (hidden) | 517 to 621 MPameasured · labmeasured · lab (hidden) | 8.03 g/cm³measured · labmeasured · lab (hidden) | 3 of 3 | |
| 310S (UNS S31008, EN 1.4845)Stainless steel 310S | 205 to 290 MPameasured · labmeasured · lab (hidden) | 500 to 750 MPameasured · labmeasured · lab (hidden) | 7.8 to 8.03 g/cm³measured · labmeasured · lab (hidden) | 3 of 3 | |
| 321AISI 321 stainless steel (UNS S32100, EN 1.4541) | 205 to 320 MPameasured · labmeasured · lab (hidden) | 515 to 586 MPameasured · labmeasured · lab (hidden) | 7.92 to 8.09 g/cm³measured · labmeasured · lab (hidden) | 3 of 3 | |
| 317LAISI 317L stainless steel | 200 to 260 MPameasured · labmeasured · lab (hidden) | 500 to 700 MPameasured · labmeasured · lab (hidden) | 8.03 g/cm³measured · labmeasured · lab (hidden) | 3 of 3 | |
| 316 (UNS S31600)Stainless steel 316 | 193 to 213 MPameasured · labmeasured · lab (hidden) | 480 to 620 MPameasured · labmeasured · lab (hidden) | 7.87 to 8.07 g/cm³measured · labmeasured · lab (hidden) | 3 of 3 | |
| 347AISI 347 stainless steel | 205 to 250 MPameasured · labmeasured · lab (hidden) | 515 to 640 MPameasured · labmeasured · lab (hidden) | 7.96 g/cm³measured · labmeasured · lab (hidden) | 3 of 3 | |
| 347HAISI 347H stainless steel | 205 to 252 MPameasured · labmeasured · lab (hidden) | 515 to 643 MPameasured · labmeasured · lab (hidden) | 7.9 to 7.98 g/cm³measured · labmeasured · lab (hidden) | 3 of 3 | |
| 409 (UNS S40900, EN 1.4512)Stainless steel 409 | 170 to 255 MPameasured · labmeasured · lab (hidden) | 380 to 560 MPameasured · labmeasured · lab (hidden) | 7.6 to 7.75 g/cm³measured · labmeasured · lab (hidden) | 3 of 3 | |
| 316L (UNS S31603)Stainless steel 316L | 170 to 290 MPameasured · labmeasured · lab (hidden) | 485 to 558 MPameasured · labmeasured · lab (hidden) | 7.99 to 8.03 g/cm³measured · labmeasured · lab (hidden) | 3 of 3 | |
| 410 (UNS S41000)Stainless steel 410 | 205 to 1,089 MPameasured · labmeasured · lab (hidden) | 448 to 1,331 MPameasured · labmeasured · lab (hidden) | 7.73 to 7.75 g/cm³measured · labmeasured · lab (hidden) | 3 of 3 | |
| 410S (UNS S41008)Stainless steel 410S | 207 to 290 MPameasured · labmeasured · lab (hidden) | 414 to 448 MPameasured · labmeasured · lab (hidden) | 7.73 g/cm³measured · labmeasured · lab (hidden) | 3 of 3 | |
| 420Stainless steel 420 | 355 to 1,311 MPameasured · labmeasured · lab (hidden) | 592 to 1,760 MPameasured · labmeasured · lab (hidden) | 7.7 to 7.75 g/cm³measured · labmeasured · lab (hidden) | 3 of 3 | |
| 416AISI 416 stainless steel | 276 to 951 MPameasured · labmeasured · lab (hidden) | 517 to 1,172 MPameasured · labmeasured · lab (hidden) | 7.7 to 7.81 g/cm³measured · labmeasured · lab (hidden) | 3 of 3 | |
| 431 (UNS S43100, EN 1.4057)Stainless steel 431 | 600 to 1,034 MPameasured · labmeasured · lab (hidden) | 800 to 1,379 MPameasured · labmeasured · lab (hidden) | 7.8 g/cm³measured · labmeasured · lab (hidden) | 3 of 3 | |
| 430 (UNS S43000)Stainless steel 430 | 207 to 386 MPameasured · labmeasured · lab (hidden) | 400 to 630 MPameasured · labmeasured · lab (hidden) | 7.7 to 7.74 g/cm³measured · labmeasured · lab (hidden) | 3 of 3 | |
| 430F (UNS S43020)Stainless steel 430F | 379 to 500 MPameasured · labmeasured · lab (hidden) | 552 to 850 MPameasured · labmeasured · lab (hidden) | 7.7 g/cm³measured · labmeasured · lab (hidden) | 3 of 3 | |
| 440C (UNS S44004)Stainless steel 440C | 1,896 MPameasured · labmeasured · lab (hidden) | 1,965 MPameasured · labmeasured · lab (hidden) | 7.61 to 7.7 g/cm³measured · labmeasured · lab (hidden) | 3 of 3 | |
| 444 (UNS S44400)Stainless steel 444 | 275 to 350 MPameasured · labmeasured · lab (hidden) | 415 to 600 MPameasured · labmeasured · lab (hidden) | 7.7 to 7.75 g/cm³measured · labmeasured · lab (hidden) | 3 of 3 | |
| 904L (UNS N08904, EN 1.4539)Super-austenitic stainless steel 904L | 220 to 270 MPameasured · labmeasured · lab (hidden) | 490 to 730 MPameasured · labmeasured · lab (hidden) | 7.95 to 8 g/cm³measured · labmeasured · lab (hidden) | 3 of 3 | |
| 304 (UNS S30400)Stainless steel 304 | at least 205 MPameasured · labmeasured · lab (hidden) | at least 515 MPameasured · labmeasured · lab (hidden) | 7.85 to 8.06 g/cm³measured · labmeasured · lab (hidden) | 3 of 3 | |
| S41500 (F6NM forged, CA6NM cast)Martensitic stainless steel 13Cr-4Ni (UNS S41500) | at least 517 MPameasured · labmeasured · lab (hidden) | 700 to 1,100 MPameasured · labmeasured · lab (hidden) | 7.61 to 8.1 g/cm³measured · labmeasured · lab (hidden) | 3 of 3 | |
| 1010 (UNS G10100, AISI 1010)Carbon steel 1010 | 170 to 345 MPameasured · labmeasured · lab (hidden) | 310 to 450 MPameasured · labmeasured · lab (hidden) | 7.9 g/cm³measured · labmeasured · lab (hidden) | 3 of 3 | |
| 1018 (UNS G10180, AISI 1018)Carbon steel 1018 | 240 to 370 MPameasured · labmeasured · lab (hidden) | 430 to 440 MPameasured · labmeasured · lab (hidden) | 7.67 to 7.9 g/cm³measured · labmeasured · lab (hidden) | 3 of 3 | |
| 1045 (UNS G10450, AISI 1045)Carbon steel 1045 | 300 to 540 MPameasured · labmeasured · lab (hidden) | 552 to 700 MPameasured · labmeasured · lab (hidden) | no data | 2 of 3 | |
| 1070 (UNS G10700, AISI 1070, SAE 1070)Carbon steel 1070 | 390 to 495 MPameasured · labmeasured · lab (hidden) | 640 to 700 MPameasured · labmeasured · lab (hidden) | 7.7 to 8.03 g/cm³measured · labmeasured · lab (hidden) | 3 of 3 | |
| 1215 (UNS G12150, AISI 1215)Carbon steel 1215 | 415 MPameasured · labmeasured · lab (hidden) | 540 MPameasured · labmeasured · lab (hidden) | 7.67 to 7.87 g/cm³measured · labmeasured · lab (hidden) | 3 of 3 | |
| 4130 (UNS G41300)Alloy steel AISI 4130 (chromium-molybdenum) | 435 to 1,330 MPameasured · labmeasured · lab (hidden) | 655 to 1,600 MPameasured · labmeasured · lab (hidden) | 7.85 g/cm³measured · labmeasured · lab (hidden) | 3 of 3 | |
| 4140 (UNS G41400)Alloy steel AISI 4140 (chromium-molybdenum) | 570 to 1,235 MPameasured · labmeasured · lab (hidden) | 745 to 1,283 MPameasured · labmeasured · lab (hidden) | 7.85 g/cm³measured · labmeasured · lab (hidden) | 3 of 3 | |
| 4340 (UNS G43400)Alloy steel AISI 4340 (nickel-chromium-molybdenum) | at least 665 MPameasured · labmeasured · lab (hidden) | 745 to 1,550 MPameasured · labmeasured · lab (hidden) | 7.7 to 8.03 g/cm³measured · labmeasured · lab (hidden) | 3 of 3 | |
| A36 (UNS K02600)ASTM A36 structural carbon steel | at least 220 MPameasured · labmeasured · lab (hidden) | 400 to 552 MPameasured · labmeasured · lab (hidden) | 7.8 g/cm³measured · labmeasured · lab (hidden) | 3 of 3 | |
| MgB2, REBCO, BSCCOSuperconducting wire composites (MgB2, REBCO and Bi-2223 tapes) | 694 to 957 MPameasured · labmeasured · lab (hidden) | no data | 2.57 to 6.4 g/cm³measured · labmeasured · lab (hidden) | 2 of 3 | |
| Cu-TeTellurium copper | at least 205 MPameasured · labmeasured · lab (hidden) | at least 260 MPameasured · labmeasured · lab (hidden) | 8.94 g/cm³measured · labmeasured · lab (hidden) | 3 of 3 | |
| TCThermocouple wire alloys (Types J, T, E and N) | 69 to 310 MPameasured · labmeasured · lab (hidden) | 179 to 800 MPameasured · labmeasured · lab (hidden) | 7.86 to 8.9 g/cm³measured · labmeasured · lab (hidden) | 3 of 3 | |
| Ti-6Al-4VTitanium alloy Ti-6Al-4V (Grade 5) | 830 to 1,100 MPameasured · labmeasured · lab (hidden) | no data | 4.43 g/cm³measured · labmeasured · lab (hidden) | 2 of 3 | |
| Beta 3Beta titanium alloy Ti-11.5Mo-6Zr-4.5Sn (Beta 3), with Beta C and Ti-15-3 | 793 to 1,172 MPameasured · labmeasured · lab (hidden) | 827 to 1,241 MPameasured · labmeasured · lab (hidden) | 4.78 to 5.07 g/cm³measured · labmeasured · lab (hidden) | 3 of 3 | |
| TiAlGamma titanium aluminide (TiAl), Ti-48Al-2Cr-2Nb turbine-blade alloy | 326 MPameasured · labmeasured · lab (hidden) | 422 to 620 MPameasured · labmeasured · lab (hidden) | 3.8 to 8.3 g/cm³measured · labmeasured · lab (hidden) | 3 of 3 | |
| Ti Grade 11Commercially pure titanium with palladium, Grade 11 (UNS R52250) | 138 to 310 MPameasured · labmeasured · lab (hidden) | 240 to 345 MPameasured · labmeasured · lab (hidden) | 4.51 g/cm³measured · labmeasured · lab (hidden) | 3 of 3 | |
| CP Ti Grade 2Commercially pure titanium, Grade 2 (UNS R50400) | 275 to 352 MPameasured · labmeasured · lab (hidden) | 345 to 483 MPameasured · labmeasured · lab (hidden) | 4.51 g/cm³measured · labmeasured · lab (hidden) | 3 of 3 | |
| Ti Gr 12Titanium grade 12, Ti-0.3Mo-0.8Ni (UNS R53400) | at least 345 MPameasured · labmeasured · lab (hidden) | at least 483 MPameasured · labmeasured · lab (hidden) | 4.51 g/cm³measured · labmeasured · lab (hidden) | 3 of 3 | |
| Ti-6Al-4V ELITitanium alloy Ti-6Al-4V ELI (Grade 23) | 759 to 908 MPameasured · labmeasured · lab (hidden) | 828 to 953 MPameasured · labmeasured · lab (hidden) | 4.42 g/cm³measured · labmeasured · lab (hidden) | 3 of 3 | |
| CP Ti Grade 3Commercially pure titanium, Grade 3 (UNS R50550) | 380 to 462 MPameasured · labmeasured · lab (hidden) | 450 to 593 MPameasured · labmeasured · lab (hidden) | 4.51 g/cm³measured · labmeasured · lab (hidden) | 3 of 3 | |
| CP Ti Grade 7Commercially pure titanium, Grade 7 (UNS R52400, Ti-0.15Pd) | at least 275 MPameasured · labmeasured · lab (hidden) | 345 to 448 MPameasured · labmeasured · lab (hidden) | 4.51 g/cm³measured · labmeasured · lab (hidden) | 3 of 3 | |
| Ti-3Al-2.5V (Grade 9)Titanium Grade 9, Ti-3Al-2.5V (UNS R56320) | 483 to 860 MPameasured · labmeasured · lab (hidden) | 620 to 965 MPameasured · labmeasured · lab (hidden) | 4.48 g/cm³measured · labmeasured · lab (hidden) | 3 of 3 | |
| Ti minor alloysMinor titanium alloys, Ti-Mo, Ti-V, Ti-Fe, Ti-Si and Ti-Ga binaries, Ti-6Al-6V-2Sn, Ti-10V-2Fe-3Al and Ti-3Al-8V-6Cr-4Mo-4Zr (Beta C) | 793 to 1,282 MPameasured · labmeasured · lab (hidden) | 685 to 1,300 MPameasured · labmeasured · lab (hidden) | 4.54 g/cm³measured · labmeasured · lab (hidden) | 3 of 3 | |
| 1.2738 (P20+Ni)1.2738 plastic mould steel (40CrMnNiMo8-6-4, AISI P20+Ni) | 826 MPameasured · labmeasured · lab (hidden) | 993 to 1,100 MPameasured · labmeasured · lab (hidden) | 7.8 g/cm³measured · labmeasured · lab (hidden) | 3 of 3 | |
| H13 (EN 1.2344)AISI H13 hot-work tool steel (EN 1.2344, X40CrMoV5-1) | 1,280 to 1,520 MPameasured · labmeasured · lab (hidden) | 1,420 to 1,820 MPameasured · labmeasured · lab (hidden) | 7.8 g/cm³measured · labmeasured · lab (hidden) | 3 of 3 | |
| P20 (UNS T51620)P20 plastic mould steel (AISI P20, UNS T51620, EN 1.2311) | 827 to 862 MPameasured · labmeasured · lab (hidden) | 965 to 1,030 MPameasured · labmeasured · lab (hidden) | 7.83 to 7.86 g/cm³measured · labmeasured · lab (hidden) | 3 of 3 | |
| WHATungsten heavy alloy | 517 MPameasured · labmeasured · lab (hidden) | 689 to 758 MPameasured · labmeasured · lab (hidden) | 16.9 to 18.9 g/cm³measured · labmeasured · lab (hidden) | 3 of 3 | |
| TZMTZM molybdenum alloy | 750 to 900 MPameasured · labmeasured · lab (hidden) | 800 to 1,000 MPameasured · labmeasured · lab (hidden) | 10.2 g/cm³measured · labmeasured · lab (hidden) | 3 of 3 | |
| V alloysVanadium alloys (V-4Cr-4Ti, V-Ti, V-Nb) | 402 MPacalculatedcalculated (hidden) | 488 MPacalculatedcalculated (hidden) | 6.05 g/cm³measured · labmeasured · lab (hidden) | 3 of 3 | |
| -Wood's metal | 26.2 MPameasured · labmeasured · lab (hidden) | no data | 10.2 g/cm³measured · labmeasured · lab (hidden) | 2 of 3 | |
| UNS N07001Waspaloy | 586 to 1,434 MPameasured · labmeasured · lab (hidden) | 1,027 to 1,731 MPameasured · labmeasured · lab (hidden) | 8.19 g/cm³measured · labmeasured · lab (hidden) | 3 of 3 | |
| YbYtterbium | 65.5 MPameasured · labmeasured · lab (hidden) | 68.9 MPameasured · labmeasured · lab (hidden) | 6.54 to 6.98 g/cm³measured · labmeasured · lab (hidden) | 3 of 3 | |
| ZamakZamak (zinc die-casting alloys) | 198 to 360 MPameasured · labmeasured · lab (hidden) | 207 to 397 MPameasured · labmeasured · lab (hidden) | no data | 2 of 3 | |
| Zn minor alloysZinc minor alloys (rolled titanium-zinc, zinc-nickel plating, zinc-aluminium-magnesium coatings) | at least 100 MPameasured · labmeasured · lab (hidden) | at least 150 MPameasured · labmeasured · lab (hidden) | 7.14 to 7.2 g/cm³measured · labmeasured · lab (hidden) | 3 of 3 | |
| ZnZinc and zinc alloys | 110 to 290 MPameasured · labmeasured · lab (hidden) | 150 to 374 MPameasured · labmeasured · lab (hidden) | 6.3 to 7.2 g/cm³measured · labmeasured · lab (hidden) | 3 of 3 | |
| Zr alloysZirconium alloys (Zircaloy, ZIRLO, Zr-2.5Nb, Zr-Al) | 468 to 998 MPameasured · labmeasured · lab (hidden) | 515 to 1,069 MPameasured · labmeasured · lab (hidden) | 6.55 g/cm³measured · labmeasured · lab (hidden) | 3 of 3 | |
| ZrZirconium and Zircaloy | 207 to 506 MPameasured · labmeasured · lab (hidden) | 379 to 615 MPameasured · labmeasured · lab (hidden) | 6.51 to 6.64 g/cm³measured · labmeasured · lab (hidden) | 3 of 3 |
No materials match.
These values come from different cells and tests, so the order is a guide, not a verdict. Hover a value, or open the material, to see its conditions.
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What each material can do wrong, and how much we still do not know. Open a material for the full detail and sources.
| Material | Hazards | Failure risks | Worst severity | Known gaps |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| KNAlumel | 2 | 3 | high | 12 |
| 1050Aluminium alloy 1050 | 2 | 3 | high | 17 |
| 2011Aluminium alloy 2011 | 3 | 2 | moderate | 15 |
| 2014Aluminium alloy 2014 | 2 | 3 | critical | 10 |
| 2017Aluminium alloy 2017 | 2 | 3 | moderate | 11 |
| 2024Aluminium alloy 2024 | 2 | 3 | high | 23 |
| 2219Aluminium alloy 2219 | 1 | 1 | high | 8 |
| 2319Aluminium alloy 2319 | 2 | 2 | moderate | 11 |
| 2017AAluminium alloy 2017A | 2 | 3 | moderate | 11 |
| 2618AAluminium alloy 2618A | 3 | 3 | high | 14 |
| 3003Aluminium alloy 3003 | 2 | 1 | moderate | 23 |
| 4047Aluminium alloy 4047 | 2 | 0 | none listed | 14 |
| 5052Aluminium alloy 5052 | 2 | 2 | moderate | 13 |
| 3103Aluminium alloy 3103 | 2 | 2 | high | 16 |
| 5083Aluminium alloy 5083 | 3 | 2 | none listed | 21 |
| AlMg2Aluminium alloy 5251 | 2 | 3 | moderate | 11 |
| AlMg3Aluminium alloy 5754 | 3 | 2 | moderate | 12 |
| 5XXXAluminium-magnesium alloys (5XXX series) | 2 | 4 | moderate | 13 |
| 6013Aluminium alloy 6013 | 1 | 1 | moderate | 15 |
| 6061Aluminium alloy 6061 | 2 | 4 | high | 10 |
| 6063Aluminium alloy 6063 | 3 | 1 | none listed | 13 |
| 6082Aluminium alloy 6082 | 3 | 2 | moderate | 12 |
| 6101Aluminium alloy 6101 | 3 | 2 | moderate | 13 |
| 7075-T6Aluminium alloy 7075-T6 | 4 | 2 | high | 13 |
| AA7050Aluminium alloy 7050 | 2 | 2 | moderate | 13 |
| C630Aluminium bronze C63000 (wrought, CuAl10Ni5Fe4) | 2 | 3 | moderate | 18 |
| 2195 (Al-Cu-Li)Aluminium-lithium alloy 2195 | 3 | 2 | moderate | 10 |
| AlAluminium | 5 | 3 | moderate | 12 |
| BeCuBeryllium copper | 5 | 2 | moderate | 13 |
| BeBeryllium | 3 | 3 | high | 12 |
| C510Phosphor bronze C51000 (CuSn5P) | 2 | 2 | moderate | 13 |
| C360Free-cutting brass C36000 | 2 | 3 | moderate | 19 |
| C954Aluminium bronze C95400 | 2 | 3 | moderate | 19 |
| C260Cartridge brass 70/30 | 1 | 2 | moderate | 17 |
| CeCerium | 3 | 3 | critical | 13 |
| Ni-10Cr (Chromel-P)Chromel | 4 | 3 | moderate | 15 |
| UNS R30605Cobalt-chromium alloys (Haynes 25 / L-605 and CoCrMo medical grades) | 1 | 3 | moderate | 13 |
| CuCopper | 2 | 3 | moderate | 13 |
| CuCrZrCopper-chromium-zirconium (CuCrZr) | 2 | 3 | high | 14 |
| CuNi 70/30Cupronickel 70/30 | 1 | 3 | moderate | 14 |
| SG iron (ASTM A536, EN-GJS)Ductile iron (nodular iron, SG iron) | 3 | 1 | moderate | 15 |
| 2101Lean duplex stainless steel 2101 (UNS S32101) | 4 | 3 | moderate | 16 |
| Fe-SiSilicon electrical steel | 2 | 1 | moderate | 13 |
| Ni-Cr-Al-Cu precision resistance alloyEvanohm | 4 | 2 | moderate | 13 |
| GdGadolinium | 5 | 4 | critical | 14 |
| Gray iron (ASTM A48, EN-GJL, GG 25)Gray cast iron (flake graphite iron) | 1 | 3 | none listed | 13 |
| HfHafnium | 3 | 4 | critical | 16 |
| Ni-MoHastelloy B-3 | 3 | 4 | high | 14 |
| C-276 (UNS N10276)Hastelloy C-276 | 3 | 6 | high | 15 |
| C-22Hastelloy C-22 | 3 | 3 | moderate | 15 |
| X (UNS N06002)Hastelloy X | 2 | 4 | high | 13 |
| UNS R30004Havar | 3 | 4 | critical | 16 |
| UNS N07214Haynes 214 | 1 | 3 | high | 11 |
| H230 (UNS N06230)Haynes 230 | 2 | 4 | high | 11 |
| UNS N08800Incoloy 800 | 2 | 3 | moderate | 11 |
| Alloy 825 (UNS N08825)Incoloy 825 | 3 | 4 | moderate | 17 |
| Alloy 600 (UNS N06600, W.Nr. 2.4816)Inconel 600 | 1 | 5 | high | 13 |
| Alloy 601Inconel 601 | 2 | 3 | moderate | 14 |
| Alloy 617Inconel 617 | 2 | 4 | moderate | 10 |
| IN625 (UNS N06625)Inconel 625 | 3 | 4 | high | 13 |
| X-750 (UNS N07750)Inconel X-750 | 3 | 4 | high | 11 |
| FeNi36Invar 36 | 2 | 3 | moderate | 8 |
| IN718 (UNS N07718)Inconel 718 | 2 | 2 | high | 18 |
| IrIridium | 2 | 3 | moderate | 12 |
| Fe-Ni-CoKovar | 2 | 2 | moderate | 11 |
| CW614NLeaded free-machining brass CW614N (CuZn39Pb3, UNS C38500) | 2 | 3 | high | 20 |
| AJ62Magnesium alloy AJ62 | 0 | 1 | low | 8 |
| AZ61Magnesium alloy AZ61 | 1 | 2 | high | 14 |
| EV31AMagnesium alloy EV31A (Elektron 21) | 1 | 4 | high | 11 |
| MGMetallic glass (amorphous metal ribbons) | 2 | 3 | high | 15 |
| Mo-ReMolybdenum-rhenium alloy | 2 | 4 | critical | 14 |
| MoMolybdenum | 3 | 3 | critical | 15 |
| Alloy 400 (UNS N04400)Monel 400 | 2 | 7 | high | 17 |
| K-500Monel K-500 | 2 | 2 | moderate | 10 |
| Ni-Fe-MoMu-metal | 1 | 2 | moderate | 12 |
| NiCr 80/20Nichrome | 2 | 2 | moderate | 11 |
| NiBe2Nickel-beryllium alloy 360 (UNS N03360) | 3 | 3 | moderate | 13 |
| Ni-alloysMinor nickel alloys (nickel-iron soft-magnetic and nickel-manganese grades) | 0 | 1 | high | 15 |
| NiNickel | 4 | 4 | high | 13 |
| UNS N07090 (W. Nr. 2.4632)Nimonic 90 | 2 | 4 | moderate | 14 |
| Nb alloysNiobium alloys (Nb-1Zr, C-103, FS-85) | 2 | 3 | critical | 13 |
| NbNiobium | 3 | 3 | critical | 13 |
| NiTiNitinol | 2 | 4 | high | 11 |
| Nitronic 60Nitronic 60 stainless steel | 3 | 3 | high | 20 |
| Pd-AgPalladium-silver alloys | 4 | 3 | high | 11 |
| Ni-Fe-MoPermalloy 80 | 1 | 2 | moderate | 14 |
| FeCoVPermendur (Hiperco 50) | 1 | 2 | moderate | 13 |
| C521Phosphor bronze C52100 (CuSn8) | 2 | 2 | moderate | 16 |
| UNS R30003Phynox | 2 | 1 | moderate | 16 |
| Pt-IrPlatinum-iridium alloy | 3 | 1 | low | 12 |
| Pt-RhPlatinum-rhodium alloys | 1 | 3 | high | 11 |
| Pt-W, Pt-CuPlatinum-tungsten and platinum-copper alloys | 3 | 1 | moderate | 15 |
| PtPlatinum | 2 | 2 | low | 16 |
| ReRhenium | 3 | 3 | high | 13 |
| C655Silicon bronze C65500 (CuSi3Mn1) | 4 | 3 | moderate | 13 |
| Ag alloysSilver alloys (brazing, silver-gold and contact alloys) | 2 | 0 | none listed | 15 |
| SAC305SAC305 solder (Sn-3.0Ag-0.5Cu) | 3 | 3 | moderate | 13 |
| 15-7 PHPH 15-7 Mo stainless steel | 1 | 2 | high | 9 |
| 1.4418 (X4CrNiMo16-5-1)Martensitic stainless steel (EN 1.4418, X4CrNiMo16-5-1) | 3 | 3 | moderate | 17 |
| 2507 (UNS S32750)Super duplex stainless steel 2507 | 3 | 4 | high | 11 |
| 17-7 PH (UNS S17700, EN 1.4568, Type 631)17-7 PH stainless steel | 2 | 4 | high | 19 |
| 301 (UNS S30100)Stainless steel 301 | 6 | 3 | high | 15 |
| 17-4 PH (UNS S17400, Type 630)17-4 PH stainless steel | 4 | 5 | high | 16 |
| 2205 (UNS S32205)Duplex stainless steel 2205 | 3 | 6 | high | 18 |
| 302AISI 302 stainless steel (UNS S30200, EN 1.4310) | 1 | 3 | moderate | 16 |
| 303 (UNS S30300)Stainless steel 303 | 3 | 5 | high | 16 |
| 2304 (UNS S32304, EN 1.4362)Lean duplex stainless steel 2304 | 3 | 7 | high | 12 |
| 304L (UNS S30403)Stainless steel 304L | 2 | 3 | high | 21 |
| 309AISI 309 stainless steel | 3 | 4 | moderate | 12 |
| 310S (UNS S31008, EN 1.4845)Stainless steel 310S | 1 | 4 | critical | 11 |
| 321AISI 321 stainless steel (UNS S32100, EN 1.4541) | 1 | 2 | moderate | 12 |
| 317LAISI 317L stainless steel | 3 | 4 | high | 16 |
| 316 (UNS S31600)Stainless steel 316 | 3 | 2 | high | 17 |
| 347AISI 347 stainless steel | 3 | 3 | moderate | 14 |
| 347HAISI 347H stainless steel | 4 | 3 | moderate | 19 |
| 409 (UNS S40900, EN 1.4512)Stainless steel 409 | 2 | 3 | moderate | 21 |
| 316L (UNS S31603)Stainless steel 316L | 3 | 3 | high | 20 |
| 410 (UNS S41000)Stainless steel 410 | 1 | 3 | high | 17 |
| 410S (UNS S41008)Stainless steel 410S | 1 | 1 | moderate | 13 |
| 420Stainless steel 420 | 2 | 4 | high | 12 |
| 416AISI 416 stainless steel | 3 | 5 | critical | 14 |
| 431 (UNS S43100, EN 1.4057)Stainless steel 431 | 1 | 4 | moderate | 15 |
| 430 (UNS S43000)Stainless steel 430 | 2 | 7 | high | 15 |
| 430F (UNS S43020)Stainless steel 430F | 2 | 6 | high | 19 |
| 440C (UNS S44004)Stainless steel 440C | 1 | 5 | high | 18 |
| 444 (UNS S44400)Stainless steel 444 | 2 | 4 | high | 22 |
| 904L (UNS N08904, EN 1.4539)Super-austenitic stainless steel 904L | 4 | 4 | moderate | 12 |
| 304 (UNS S30400)Stainless steel 304 | 2 | 3 | high | 16 |
| S41500 (F6NM forged, CA6NM cast)Martensitic stainless steel 13Cr-4Ni (UNS S41500) | 2 | 4 | high | 14 |
| 1010 (UNS G10100, AISI 1010)Carbon steel 1010 | 2 | 2 | none listed | 17 |
| 1018 (UNS G10180, AISI 1018)Carbon steel 1018 | 2 | 2 | none listed | 17 |
| 1045 (UNS G10450, AISI 1045)Carbon steel 1045 | 2 | 3 | none listed | 13 |
| 1070 (UNS G10700, AISI 1070, SAE 1070)Carbon steel 1070 | 1 | 3 | moderate | 9 |
| 1215 (UNS G12150, AISI 1215)Carbon steel 1215 | 4 | 3 | none listed | 11 |
| 4130 (UNS G41300)Alloy steel AISI 4130 (chromium-molybdenum) | 3 | 4 | high | 20 |
| 4140 (UNS G41400)Alloy steel AISI 4140 (chromium-molybdenum) | 2 | 3 | high | 18 |
| 4340 (UNS G43400)Alloy steel AISI 4340 (nickel-chromium-molybdenum) | 3 | 1 | moderate | 22 |
| A36 (UNS K02600)ASTM A36 structural carbon steel | 2 | 4 | high | 12 |
| MgB2, REBCO, BSCCOSuperconducting wire composites (MgB2, REBCO and Bi-2223 tapes) | 3 | 3 | high | 13 |
| Cu-TeTellurium copper | 3 | 2 | moderate | 12 |
| TCThermocouple wire alloys (Types J, T, E and N) | 2 | 5 | high | 12 |
| Ti-6Al-4VTitanium alloy Ti-6Al-4V (Grade 5) | 2 | 2 | none listed | 13 |
| Beta 3Beta titanium alloy Ti-11.5Mo-6Zr-4.5Sn (Beta 3), with Beta C and Ti-15-3 | 2 | 0 | none listed | 15 |
| TiAlGamma titanium aluminide (TiAl), Ti-48Al-2Cr-2Nb turbine-blade alloy | 2 | 4 | high | 15 |
| Ti Grade 11Commercially pure titanium with palladium, Grade 11 (UNS R52250) | 2 | 0 | none listed | 15 |
| CP Ti Grade 2Commercially pure titanium, Grade 2 (UNS R50400) | 2 | 4 | high | 17 |
| Ti Gr 12Titanium grade 12, Ti-0.3Mo-0.8Ni (UNS R53400) | 1 | 3 | moderate | 14 |
| Ti-6Al-4V ELITitanium alloy Ti-6Al-4V ELI (Grade 23) | 1 | 2 | moderate | 14 |
| CP Ti Grade 3Commercially pure titanium, Grade 3 (UNS R50550) | 3 | 2 | moderate | 20 |
| CP Ti Grade 7Commercially pure titanium, Grade 7 (UNS R52400, Ti-0.15Pd) | 2 | 3 | moderate | 17 |
| Ti-3Al-2.5V (Grade 9)Titanium Grade 9, Ti-3Al-2.5V (UNS R56320) | 3 | 3 | moderate | 19 |
| Ti minor alloysMinor titanium alloys, Ti-Mo, Ti-V, Ti-Fe, Ti-Si and Ti-Ga binaries, Ti-6Al-6V-2Sn, Ti-10V-2Fe-3Al and Ti-3Al-8V-6Cr-4Mo-4Zr (Beta C) | 1 | 0 | none listed | 15 |
| 1.2738 (P20+Ni)1.2738 plastic mould steel (40CrMnNiMo8-6-4, AISI P20+Ni) | 4 | 8 | moderate | 22 |
| H13 (EN 1.2344)AISI H13 hot-work tool steel (EN 1.2344, X40CrMoV5-1) | 4 | 10 | none listed | 20 |
| P20 (UNS T51620)P20 plastic mould steel (AISI P20, UNS T51620, EN 1.2311) | 3 | 5 | moderate | 17 |
| WHATungsten heavy alloy | 1 | 1 | moderate | 13 |
| TZMTZM molybdenum alloy | 2 | 2 | critical | 12 |
| V alloysVanadium alloys (V-4Cr-4Ti, V-Ti, V-Nb) | 2 | 2 | high | 13 |
| -Wood's metal | 5 | 2 | high | 11 |
| UNS N07001Waspaloy | 2 | 3 | moderate | 10 |
| YbYtterbium | 4 | 4 | critical | 15 |
| ZamakZamak (zinc die-casting alloys) | 3 | 5 | high | 21 |
| Zn minor alloysZinc minor alloys (rolled titanium-zinc, zinc-nickel plating, zinc-aluminium-magnesium coatings) | 4 | 2 | moderate | 17 |
| ZnZinc and zinc alloys | 3 | 3 | moderate | 20 |
| Zr alloysZirconium alloys (Zircaloy, ZIRLO, Zr-2.5Nb, Zr-Al) | 0 | 4 | high | 11 |
| ZrZirconium and Zircaloy | 3 | 5 | high | 13 |
Severity is the editors' reading of the cited sources, not a safety certification. "none listed" means no sourced failure risk has been entered, which is not the same as safe.
How to read this
- Measured values come from a test or a flight. Calculated values are worked out from the material's formula. Prediction values come from a model.
- no data means nobody has published a value we could source. It does not mean zero.
- Material values describe the active material. Cell values describe a finished cell, which varies by manufacturer. Check the conditions before comparing cell values.
- Every value links to its source, with the place in the source where it can be found.
The measurements
| Measurement | Better when | How it is tested |
|---|---|---|
| Yield strength | depends on the use | |
| Tensile strength | depends on the use | |
| DensityMass per volume, which sets volumetric energy | depends on the use | Crystallographic or tap density |