Aluminium alloy 6013 6013

spore: profile
id: aluminium-6013
spore_version: 0.2
family: aluminium-alloys
name: Aluminium alloy 6013
abbreviation: '6013'
role: medium-strength aerospace alloy
category: metals
type: aluminium
summary: |
  6013 is a wrought aluminium alloy of the Al-Mg-Si-Cu family, with the composition AlMg1Si0.8CuMn. AZoM says it is chiefly used in aerospace applications. A supplier data page gives a density of 2.71 g/cm3, a modulus of elasticity of 71 GPa and, in the T651 temper, a yield strength of 350 MPa and a tensile strength of 410 MPa. The AZoM 6013-T8 table gives minimum values of 379 MPa yield and 392 MPa tensile for thick sheet and plate. The opened sources do not name aircraft skin, spacecraft or rocket use for 6013.
best_for: 'Light structural aluminium for aerospace and general structural use: 2.71 g/cm3 density, and 350 MPa yield in the T651 temper (supplier page)'
weakest_at: Dust and chips ignite readily during machining (Hydro SDS). No fatigue, fracture-toughness or T6 temper data was opened, and the sources disagree on thermal expansion
identity:
  formula: 'Al-Mg-Si-Cu-Mn alloy, AlMg1Si0.8CuMn; composition in wt%: Mg 0.80 to 1.20, Si 0.60 to 1.00, Cu 0.60 to 1.10, Mn 0.20 to 0.80, Fe up to 0.50, Zn up to 0.25, Cr up to 0.10, Ti up to 0.10, Al balance'
  source: referansmetal-6013
  where: Chemical Properties table (Si, Cr, Mn, Mg, Cu, Ti, Fe and Zn ranges; Al balance)
  designations:
    - system: UNS
      code: A96013
      source: azom-6013
      where: Page title, Aluminium / Aluminum 6013 Alloy (UNS A96013)
    - system: AA
      code: '6013'
      source: azom-6013
      where: Page title, Aluminium / Aluminum 6013 Alloy
    - system: ISO
      code: AlMg1Si0.8CuMn
      source: referansmetal-6013
      where: Material Composition Standards section, ISO AlMg1Si0.8CuMn
    - system: EN name
      code: AL-P6013-T6
      note: aerospace sheet and strip, 0.5 mm to 6 mm, BS EN 4313:2005
      source: bsi-en4313
      where: Page title, Aerospace series Aluminium alloy AL-P6013-T6 Sheet and strip
    - system: AMS
      code: '4347'
      note: sheet, equivalent material per AZoM
      source: azom-6013
      where: Other Designations section, equivalent material AMS 4347
    - system: AMS
      code: 4216C
      note: sheet, 6013-T6 solution heat treated and artificially aged
      source: sae-ams4216c
      where: Specification number and title, AMS4216C (6013-T6)
    - system: ASTM
      code: B209
      note: sheet and plate
      source: referansmetal-6013
      where: Page header, ASTM B209 / AlMg1Si0.8CuMn / 6013 / T651
    - system: ASTM
      code: B221
      note: extruded bar, strip, wire and tube
      source: referansmetal-6013
      where: Material Composition Standards section, ASTM B221
tags:
  environments: []
  stresses: []
  applications:
    - structures
    - mechanisms
properties:
  - benchmark: density
    label: Density (supplier physical properties table)
    value: 2.71
    unit: g/cm3
    scope: material
    conditions:
      temper: not stated for the physical table; the page mechanical table is T651
      unit_in_source: 2,71 g/cm³
    method: Value printed in a supplier physical properties table
    status: ground
    source: referansmetal-6013
    where: Physical Properties table, Density
  - benchmark: density
    label: Density (AZoM 6013-T8 physical properties)
    value: 2.71
    unit: g/cm3
    scope: material
    conditions:
      temper: T8 (section heading)
      unit_in_source: 0.0979 lb/in3
    method: Value printed in a materials data table
    status: ground
    source: azom-6013
    where: Physical Properties (6013-T8) table, Density
  - benchmark: melting_point
    label: Melting point
    value: 579
    unit: °C
    scope: material
    conditions:
      temper: not stated
      form: single value printed, not a range
    method: Single value printed in a supplier physical properties table
    status: ground
    source: referansmetal-6013
    where: Physical Properties table, Melting point
  - benchmark: elastic_modulus
    label: Modulus of elasticity
    value: 71
    unit: GPa
    scope: material
    conditions:
      temper: not stated
    method: Value printed in a supplier physical properties table
    status: ground
    note: Wikipedia gives 69 GPa for 6013 with no temper stated; that value is not recorded.
    source: referansmetal-6013
    where: Physical Properties table, Modulus of elasticity
  - benchmark: thermal_conductivity
    label: Thermal conductivity (supplier)
    value: 164
    unit: W/(m·K)
    scope: material
    conditions:
      temper: not stated
      unit_in_source: 164 W/m.K
    method: Value printed in a supplier physical properties table
    status: ground
    note: AZoM gives 164 W/mK for 6013-T8, which agrees.
    source: referansmetal-6013
    where: Physical Properties table, Thermal conductivity
  - benchmark: thermal_conductivity
    label: Thermal conductivity, 6013-T8
    value: 164
    unit: W/mK
    scope: material
    conditions:
      temper: T8
      unit_in_source: 1140 BTU in/hr.ft².°F
    method: Value printed in a materials data table (section 6013-T8)
    status: ground
    source: azom-6013
    where: Thermal Properties (6013-T8) table, Thermal conductivity
  - benchmark: cte
    label: Coefficient of thermal expansion (supplier)
    value: 21.7
    unit: µm/m°C
    scope: material
    conditions:
      temper: not stated
      unit_in_source: 21.7 µm/m.°C
    method: Value printed in a supplier physical properties table
    status: ground
    note: AZoM gives 23.4 µm/m°C for 6013-T8. The two sources disagree by 1.7 µm/m°C, so both are recorded.
    source: referansmetal-6013
    where: Physical Properties table, Thermal expansion
  - benchmark: cte
    label: Coefficient of thermal expansion, 6013-T8
    value: 23.4
    unit: µm/m°C
    scope: material
    conditions:
      temper: T8
      unit_in_source: 13 µin/in°F
    method: Value printed in a materials data table (section 6013-T8)
    status: ground
    source: azom-6013
    where: Thermal Properties (6013-T8) table, Thermal expansion co-efficient
  - benchmark: yield_strength
    label: Yield strength (supplier, T651)
    value: 350
    unit: MPa
    scope: material
    conditions:
      temper: T651 (page header)
      measure: not stated; no separate proof value printed
    method: Value printed in a supplier mechanical properties table
    status: ground
    source: referansmetal-6013
    where: Mechanical Properties table, Yield strength
  - benchmark: ultimate_tensile_strength
    label: Ultimate tensile strength (supplier, T651)
    value: 410
    unit: MPa
    scope: material
    conditions:
      temper: T651 (page header)
    method: Value printed in a supplier mechanical properties table
    status: ground
    source: referansmetal-6013
    where: Mechanical Properties table, Ultimate strength
  - benchmark: elongation
    label: Elongation A50 mm (supplier, T651)
    value: 4
    unit: '%'
    scope: material
    conditions:
      temper: T651 (page header)
      gauge_length: 50 mm (row Elongation A50 mm)
    method: Value printed in a supplier mechanical properties table
    status: ground
    source: referansmetal-6013
    where: Mechanical Properties table, Elongation A50 mm
  - benchmark: shear_strength
    label: Shear strength (supplier, T651)
    value: 240
    unit: MPa
    scope: material
    conditions:
      temper: T651 (page header)
    method: Value printed in a supplier mechanical properties table
    status: ground
    note: shear_strength is not a canonical name in property-canon.yaml, so it is used here as a short snake_case name.
    source: referansmetal-6013
    where: Mechanical Properties table, Shear strength
  - benchmark: hardness_brinell
    label: Hardness, Brinell (supplier, T651)
    value: 130
    unit: HB
    scope: material
    conditions:
      temper: T651 (page header)
    method: Value printed in a supplier mechanical properties table
    status: ground
    note: hardness_brinell is not a canonical name in property-canon.yaml, so it is used here as a short snake_case name.
    source: referansmetal-6013
    where: Mechanical Properties table, Hardness
  - benchmark: yield_strength
    label: Yield strength at 0.200 % strain, 6013-T8 minimum
    value: 379
    bound: lower
    unit: MPa
    scope: material
    conditions:
      temper: T8
      thickness: 38.13 to 82.5 mm (1.501 to 3.25 in)
      unit_in_source: ≥ 379 MPa; 55000 psi
    method: Minimum value printed in a materials data table (section 6013-T8)
    status: ground
    source: azom-6013
    where: Mechanical Properties (6013-T8) table, Yield strength (@strain 0.200 %)
  - benchmark: ultimate_tensile_strength
    label: Tensile strength, 6013-T8 minimum
    value: 392
    bound: lower
    unit: MPa
    scope: material
    conditions:
      temper: T8
      thickness: 38.13 to 82.5 mm (1.501 to 3.25 in)
      unit_in_source: ≥ 392 MPa; 56900 psi
    method: Minimum value printed in a materials data table (section 6013-T8)
    status: ground
    source: azom-6013
    where: Mechanical Properties (6013-T8) table, Tensile strength
  - benchmark: elongation
    label: Elongation at break, 6013-T8 minimum
    value: 5
    bound: lower
    unit: '%'
    scope: material
    conditions:
      temper: T8
      thickness: 3.17 to 19 mm (0.125 to 0.749 in)
    method: Minimum value printed in a materials data table (section 6013-T8)
    status: ground
    source: azom-6013
    where: Mechanical Properties (6013-T8) table, Elongation at break
corrosion:
  - environment: Chloride solution (3.5 % NaCl), slow strain rate test
    headline: Excimer laser melting greatly increased the stress corrosion resistance of 6013 in 3.5 % NaCl.
    effect: Xu, Yue and Man (2008) tested laser-treated aluminium alloy 6013 by slow strain rate testing at open-circuit and at constant anodic potential in 3.5 % NaCl. The abstract says the resistance was greatly increased by excimer laser melting. It gives no numbers, does not state the temper, and does not give an untreated baseline.
    conditions:
      temper: not stated
      test: slow strain rate test at open-circuit and constant anodic potential
      electrolyte: 3.5 % NaCl solution
    source: xu2008-6013
    where: Abstract (publication page at PolyU research portal)
    rating: unknown
risks:
  hazards:
    - text: Hydro's safety data sheet for 6xxx series wrought products, which names 6013, lists the solid product as not classified under GHS-US/CA and says it is physiologically inert in its massive form. Dust and fumes made during use may pose a physiological hazard if inhaled or ingested. Chips, fine turnings and processing dust may be toxic to aquatic life.
      ghs: []
      source: hydro-sds-6xxx
      where: Sections 2.1, 2.2 and 2.3
  failure_risks:
    - mode: Dust or chip ignition during machining or processing
      trigger: Dust, chips or ribbons formed by improper machining, or finely divided and damp material
      consequence: Hydro says dust, chips or ribbons can be ignited more easily by an ignition source, and that user-generated dust is easily ignited and difficult to extinguish.
      severity: moderate
      source: hydro-sds-6xxx
      where: Section 2.3 and Section 5.2 Fire Hazard
  handling:
    - text: Do not use water on molten material, since it may react violently or explosively on contact with water (Hydro SDS, Section 5.1). Do not allow water or moist air to contact the material during processing, and minimise dust generation (Section 7.1).
      source: hydro-sds-6xxx
      where: Sections 5.1 and 7.1
    - text: Avoid breathing metal dust and fumes, and avoid skin and eye contact with dusts (Hydro SDS, Section 2.3).
      source: hydro-sds-6xxx
      where: Section 2.3
  mitigations: []
uses:
  - application: structures
    device: Aerospace components (general statement)
    example: AZoM says the alloy is chiefly used in aerospace applications. The ASM Alloy Digest entry describes it as a high-strength Al-Mg-Si-Cu alloy for aerospace, defense, automotive and general structural use, in five tempers.
    source: azom-6013
    where: Applications text; see also asm-6013-digest abstract
  - application: mechanisms
    device: Valves, hydraulic parts and braking parts
    example: Wikipedia lists valves, machine parts, munitions, ABS braking systems, hydraulic applications and roller blade parts as uses of 6013.
    source: wikipedia-6013
    where: Applications section
supply:
  - subject: Aluminium (primary smelter production, 2025 estimate)
    producers:
      - country: China
        share_percent: 60.8
        year: 2025
      - country: India
        share_percent: 5.7
        year: 2025
      - country: Russia
        share_percent: 5.3
        year: 2025
      - country: Canada
        share_percent: 4.5
        year: 2025
      - country: United Arab Emirates
        share_percent: 3.6
        year: 2025
    critical_lists: []
    recycling: 'USGS: in 2025 about 3.6 million tons of aluminium was recovered from purchased scrap in the United States, about 56 % from new scrap and 44 % from old scrap. Recovered old scrap was equivalent to about 28 % of apparent consumption.'
    substitutes:
      - 'USGS: composites can substitute for aluminium in aircraft fuselages and wings; composites, magnesium, steel and titanium can substitute in ground transportation; copper can replace aluminium in electrical and heat-exchange applications.'
    source: usgs-mcs2026-aluminum
    where: World Smelter Production and Capacity table, smelter production 2025e (world total 74,000 thousand t, rounded; country shares calculated by Space Mushroom from China 45,000, India 4,200, Russia 3,900, Canada 3,300 and UAE 2,700); Domestic Production and Use; Recycling; Substitutes
documents:
  - title: 'Wikipedia: 6013 aluminium alloy'
    type: database
    url: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/6013_aluminium_alloy
  - title: 'AZoM: 6013 aluminium alloy properties (article 8611)'
    type: database
    url: https://www.azom.com/article.aspx?ArticleID=8611
  - title: 'Referansmetal: EN AW-AlMg1Si0.8CuMn 6013 T6/T651 datasheet'
    type: datasheet
    url: https://www.referansmetal.com/alasimli-aluminyum/product/309/en-aw-almg1si0-8cumn-6013-t6-t651?lang=en
  - title: BS EN 4313:2005, Aerospace series, Aluminium alloy AL-P6013-T6, sheet and strip 0.5 mm to 6 mm
    type: standard
    url: https://knowledge.bsigroup.com/products/aerospace-series-aluminium-aloy-al-p6013-t6-sheet-and-strip-0-5-mm-a-6-mm
  - title: 'SAE AMS4216C: Aluminum alloy sheet 6013-T6'
    type: standard
    url: https://saemobilus.sae.org/content/ams4216c/
  - title: 'ASM Alloy Digest Al-282: Alcoa Aluminum Alloy 6013 (1988)'
    type: paper
    url: https://dl.asminternational.org/alloy-digest/article/37/7/Al-282/5204/ALCOA-ALUMINUM-ALLOY-6013High-Strength-Aluminum
    year: 1988
  - title: 'Hydro safety data sheet: Wrought Aluminum Products, 6xxx Series Alloys (revision 2018)'
    type: sds
    url: https://www.hydro.com/globalassets/01-products--services/extruded-profiles/americas/ena-resources/safety-data-sheets/8-668-6xxx-series.pdf
    year: 2018
  - title: 'USGS Mineral Commodity Summaries 2026: Aluminum'
    type: report
    url: https://pubs.usgs.gov/periodicals/mcs2026/mcs2026-aluminum.pdf
    year: 2026
  - title: Xu, Yue and Man, Stress corrosion cracking behaviour of excimer laser treated aluminium alloy 6013, Materials Transactions 49(8), 2008
    type: paper
    url: https://research.polyu.edu.hk/en/publications/stress-corrosion-cracking-behaviour-of-excimer-laser-treated-alum/
    year: 2008
gaps:
  - 'Aircraft skin: none of the pages opened in this run names 6013 as aircraft skin. The ASM Alloy Digest full text is paywalled. The category says aircraft skin, but this is not confirmed by a source.'
  - 'Spacecraft, rocket and satellite use of 6013: no source opened names it. Search results named aluminium-lithium alloys for launch and crew vehicles, not 6013, so they are not recorded.'
  - 'T6 temper mechanical values: the TW Metals, MakeItFrom and Aalco pages were blocked (403, 403, 404), so no T6 values are recorded. The T651 (supplier) and T8 (AZoM) values are recorded instead, with their temper.'
  - 'Elastic modulus: Wikipedia gives 69 GPa with no temper, and the supplier gives 71 GPa. Only the 71 GPa value is recorded.'
  - Fatigue strength of 98 to 140 MPa (Wikipedia) has no temper or test condition, so it is not recorded.
  - 'Electrical conductivity: the supplier page prints ''%38 IACS'' under an electrical resistivity label, so it is not recorded as either.'
  - Fracture toughness, fatigue crack growth, and stress corrosion data for T6 or T651 were not opened. Braun's 6XXX series study returned HTTP 405 when fetched, and no numeric value was recorded from search snippets.
  - 'Corrosion for 6013 in air or seawater: no value was opened. The Xu et al. abstract is qualitative and gives no numbers.'
  - 'Melting range (solidus and liquidus): only a single melting point of 579 °C is printed in the supplier table.'
  - 'Designations W.Nr and EN AW (EN 6013 number): not printed on any page opened. A search snippet tied 3.3214 to 6061, and a snippet named EN AW-6013 on a page that was blocked, so neither is recorded.'
  - 'Critical minerals list status for aluminium: the USGS aluminum text opened does not state it, so no list entry is recorded.'
  - 'Processing route (casting, homogenising, rolling or extrusion): not described in any page opened, so the recipe line gives only the composition.'
  - PubChem GHS record for aluminium could not be read (reCAPTCHA). The Hydro SDS is used for hazards instead.
  - 'Radiation effects, atomic oxygen erosion, outgassing and cold welding for 6013: not looked up.'
  - Hardness and shear strength use snake_case names (hardness_brinell, shear_strength) because they are not in property-canon.yaml.
sources:
  wikipedia-6013:
    title: 6013 aluminium alloy (Wikipedia)
    url: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/6013_aluminium_alloy
    kind: web
    license: CC BY-SA 4.0 (cited, not reproduced)
  azom-6013:
    title: 6013 Aluminium Alloy Properties (AZoM article 8611), section 6013-T8 physical, mechanical and thermal tables
    url: https://www.azom.com/article.aspx?ArticleID=8611
    id: UNS A96013; AMS 4347 equivalent
    kind: web
    license: AZoM web article (cited, not reproduced)
  referansmetal-6013:
    title: EN AW-AlMg1Si0.8CuMn 6013 T6/T651 product data (Referansmetal)
    url: https://www.referansmetal.com/alasimli-aluminyum/product/309/en-aw-almg1si0-8cumn-6013-t6-t651?lang=en
    id: ASTM B209 header; ISO AlMg1Si0.8CuMn; UNS A96013; AMS 4347 (sheet); ASTM B221
    kind: datasheet
    license: Supplier web page (cited, not reproduced)
  bsi-en4313:
    title: BS EN 4313:2005 Aerospace series, Aluminium alloy AL-P6013-T6, sheet and strip 0.5 mm to 6 mm
    url: https://knowledge.bsigroup.com/products/aerospace-series-aluminium-aloy-al-p6013-t6-sheet-and-strip-0-5-mm-a-6-mm
    id: ISBN 0 580 46307 9
    kind: standard
    license: BSI product page (cited, not reproduced)
  sae-ams4216c:
    title: AMS4216C Aluminum Alloy, Sheet 1.0Mg - 0.8Si - 0.8Cu - 0.50Mn (6013-T6) Solution Heat Treated and Artificially Aged
    url: https://saemobilus.sae.org/content/ams4216c/
    kind: standard
    license: SAE product page (cited, not reproduced)
  asm-6013-digest:
    title: Alcoa Aluminum Alloy 6013 High Strength Aluminum, ASM Alloy Digest Al-282 (1988)
    url: https://dl.asminternational.org/alloy-digest/article/37/7/Al-282/5204/ALCOA-ALUMINUM-ALLOY-6013High-Strength-Aluminum
    id: DOI 10.31399/asm.ad.al0282
    kind: paper
    license: ASM Digital Library (abstract only read; cited, not reproduced)
  hydro-sds-6xxx:
    title: 'Safety Data Sheet: Wrought Aluminum Products, 6xxx Series Alloys (Hydro, revision 07/02/2018)'
    url: https://www.hydro.com/globalassets/01-products--services/extruded-profiles/americas/ena-resources/safety-data-sheets/8-668-6xxx-series.pdf
    kind: datasheet
    license: Manufacturer safety data sheet (cited, not reproduced)
  usgs-mcs2026-aluminum:
    title: Mineral Commodity Summaries 2026, Aluminum
    url: https://pubs.usgs.gov/periodicals/mcs2026/mcs2026-aluminum.pdf
    year: 2026
    kind: report
    license: public domain (USGS)
  xu2008-6013:
    title: Stress corrosion cracking behaviour of excimer laser treated aluminium alloy 6013 (Xu, Yue, Man), Materials Transactions 49(8), 1836-1843
    url: https://research.polyu.edu.hk/en/publications/stress-corrosion-cracking-behaviour-of-excimer-laser-treated-alum/
    year: 2008
    kind: paper
    license: Abstract read via publication page (cited, not reproduced)
license: CC-BY-4.0
updated: '2026-10-26'
review:
  status: draft
  method: assistant
  checked_values: 16
  unreachable: 4
  caveats: 6
  note: 'Values were read by an AI assistant on 2026-10-26 from the pages named in each entry. Unreachable: TW Metals (403), MakeItFrom (403), Aalco (404), Braun 6XXX SCC paper (405), PubChem (reCAPTCHA). Caveats: T651 and T8 values come from different tempers and must not be compared as one set; the thermal expansion values disagree; the 6013 T6 values were not recorded; the corrosion entry is qualitative; the hazard entry is for the 6xxx series SDS, which names 6013 among its alloys.'
story:
  risk_groups:
    - title: For people
      lead: The Hydro safety data sheet for the 6xxx series, which names 6013, does not classify the solid metal. The hazard is dust and fume made during processing.
      level: 1
      verdict: Low as a solid, higher as dust
      points:
        - label: Solid metal
          line: The Hydro sheet says the product is not classified under GHS-US/CA and is physiologically inert in its massive form.
        - label: Dust and fume
          line: User-generated dust and fumes may pose a physiological hazard if inhaled or ingested, and chips and fine turnings may be toxic to aquatic life.
    - title: If it fails
      lead: The sources opened for this profile give one failure route for the metal itself, which is fire from dust and chips. The corrosion source is a laboratory study, not a field result.
      points:
        - label: Dust and chips
          line: Dust, chips or ribbons can be ignited more easily by an ignition source, by improper machining, or by spontaneous combustion if finely divided and damp.
        - label: Corrosion
          line: Xu and co-workers found that excimer laser melting greatly increased the stress corrosion resistance of 6013 in 3.5 % NaCl. The abstract gives no numbers and no untreated baseline.
    - title: Handling and storage
      points:
        - label: Water and molten metal
          line: Do not use water on molten material, since it may react violently or explosively on contact with water.
        - label: Moisture during processing
          line: Keep water and moist air away from the material during processing, and minimise dust.
  why: 6013 is an Al-Mg-Si-Cu wrought alloy with a density of 2.71 g/cm3 in both the supplier page and AZoM. AZoM says it is chiefly used in aerospace applications. In the T651 temper the supplier lists a yield strength of 350 MPa and a tensile strength of 410 MPa, and for the T8 temper AZoM gives minimum values of 379 MPa yield and 392 MPa tensile for thick sheet and plate. The alloy is recorded here with its designations, and its use in aircraft skin, spacecraft and rockets is not confirmed by any source opened in this run.
  uses:
    - where: Aerospace and general structural
      line: AZoM says the alloy is chiefly used in aerospace applications. The ASM Alloy Digest entry, an Alcoa datasheet from 1988, lists aerospace, defense, automotive and general structural use, in five tempers.
    - where: Valves, hydraulic and braking parts
      line: Wikipedia lists valves, machine parts, munitions, ABS braking systems, hydraulic applications and roller blade parts as uses of 6013.
  can_do:
    - label: Light structure
      value: 2.71 g/cm3
      benchmark: density
      line: Density is 2.71 g/cm3 on the supplier page and in the AZoM 6013-T8 table.
    - label: Strength in T651
      value: 350 MPa yield
      benchmark: yield_strength
      line: In the T651 temper the supplier lists a yield strength of 350 MPa, a tensile strength of 410 MPa and 4 % elongation at A50 mm.
    - label: Strength in T8
      value: at least 379 MPa yield
      benchmark: yield_strength
      line: AZoM gives minimum values for 6013-T8 of 379 MPa yield and 392 MPa tensile for thicknesses of 38.13 to 82.5 mm.
    - label: Stiffness
      value: 71 GPa
      benchmark: elastic_modulus
      line: The modulus of elasticity is 71 GPa on the supplier page.
  compare: 'The two sources agree on density at 2.71 g/cm3, but they disagree on thermal expansion: the supplier page gives 21.7 µm/m°C with no temper stated, and AZoM gives 23.4 µm/m°C for the T8 temper. The T651 and T8 strengths come from different tempers and thicknesses, so they are not a ranking of the alloy. Read the table rows as examples, not as a comparison with another alloy.'
  compare_rows:
    - label: Density
      benchmark: density
    - label: Thermal conductivity
      benchmark: thermal_conductivity
    - label: Thermal expansion
      benchmark: cte
  handling:
    - Specify the temper, because the T651 and T8 values in this profile differ and both are for different conditions.
    - Keep dust and chips away from ignition sources, and avoid water on molten metal (Hydro SDS).
    - Avoid breathing dust and fumes from processing (Hydro SDS).
  good_for:
    - Light structural aluminium with 2.71 g/cm3 density and 350 MPa yield in the T651 temper (supplier page).
    - Aerospace-oriented use, as stated by AZoM.
  watch_out:
    - Dust and chips can ignite during machining (Hydro SDS).
    - 'Thermal expansion differs between sources: 21.7 and 23.4 µm/m°C.'
    - No aircraft skin, spacecraft or rocket use is confirmed by a source opened in this run.
    - No fatigue, fracture-toughness or T6 temper data was opened.
  verdict: 6013 is a light Al-Mg-Si-Cu alloy with a density of 2.71 g/cm3 and, in the T651 temper, a yield strength of 350 MPa. AZoM says it is chiefly used in aerospace applications. Dust and chips from processing are the main hazard. Aircraft skin, spacecraft use, T6 values and fatigue data are not confirmed by the sources in this profile.
  recipe:
    line: 6013 is a wrought Al-Mg-Si-Cu alloy with aluminium as the balance. The printed ranges are magnesium 0.80 to 1.20, silicon 0.60 to 1.00, copper 0.60 to 1.10 and manganese 0.20 to 0.80 wt%. The processing route is not described in any page opened in this run.
    parts:
      - name: Aluminium
        symbol: Al
        share: balance
        role: The matrix metal; the remainder after the alloying elements.
      - name: Magnesium
        symbol: Mg
        share: 0.80 to 1.20 wt%
        role: Alloying element (Referansmetal chemical properties table).
      - name: Silicon
        symbol: Si
        share: 0.60 to 1.00 wt%
        role: Alloying element (Referansmetal chemical properties table).
      - name: Copper
        symbol: Cu
        share: 0.60 to 1.10 wt%
        role: Alloying element (Referansmetal chemical properties table).
      - name: Manganese
        symbol: Mn
        share: 0.20 to 0.80 wt%
        role: Alloying element (Referansmetal chemical properties table).