Aluminium alloy 8011 AA8011

spore: profile
id: aluminium-8011
spore_version: 0.2
family: aluminium-alloys
name: Aluminium alloy 8011
abbreviation: AA8011
role: foil and fin alloy
category: metals
type: aluminium
summary: |
  Aluminium alloy 8011 (UNS A98011) is a wrought Al-Fe-Si alloy of about 98.7 % aluminium with 0.5 to 0.9 % silicon and 0.6 to 1.0 % iron in the foil specification. It is sold as foil for packaging, container and blister uses, and it is used for heat-exchanger fins. A reseller sheet for the European equivalent EN AW-8011A gives 2.71 g/cm3 density, 70 GPa modulus, 180 to 195 MPa tensile strength and 210 to 220 W/(m·K) thermal conductivity for H19 foil at 20 °C. No yield strength and no space flight data were found in the sources read.
best_for: 'Thin, light foil and fin stock: 2.71 g/cm3 density with 210 to 220 W/(m·K) thermal conductivity in H19 foil at 20 °C'
weakest_at: Yield strength and corrosion data are missing from this profile, and no spacecraft use was found in any source read
identity:
  formula: Al-Fe-Si wrought alloy, nominally 98.7 % Al with 0.7 % Fe and 0.6 % Si (Wikipedia 8000-series table); foil specification limits Fe 0.60 to 1.00 % and Si 0.50 to 0.90 % (yieh.com and Stanford Advanced Materials)
  source: wiki-aluminium-alloy
  where: '8000 series (other elements) table, row 8011: Al 98.7 %, Fe 0.7, Si 0.6'
  designations:
    - system: UNS
      code: A98011
      source: azom-8011-foil
      where: 'Page title: Grade 8011 (UNS A98011) Foil'
    - system: AA
      code: '8011'
      source: wiki-aluminium-alloy
      where: 8000 series table, row 8011
    - system: EN name
      code: EN AW-8011A
      source: yieh-aluminum-foil
      where: 'Comparison of alloy designations, 8000 Series row: European standard EN AW-8011A (the page treats it as the European name for 8011)'
    - system: EN name
      code: AlFeSi
      note: A; EN chemical designation
      source: totalmateria-en-aw-8011a
      where: 'International equivalent materials section: EN AW-AlFeSi(A)'
    - system: ASTM
      code: B479
      note: foil product, listed with QQA-1876
      source: samaterials-8011-foil
      where: 'Product information, Standard line: QQA-1876, ASTM B479'
tags:
  environments: []
  stresses: []
  applications:
    - thermal-control
properties:
  - benchmark: density
    label: Density, AW-8011A H19 foil
    value: 2.71
    unit: g/cm3
    scope: material
    conditions:
      grade: EN AW-8011A (European name for 8011, per yieh.com)
      temper: H19
      form: foil
      temperature: 20 °C
    method: Value printed on a property sheet for EN AW-8011A that cites EN 573-3
    status: ground
    source: mfgrobots-8011a-h19
    where: 'Properties, General: density 2.71 g/cm³, row H19 Foil at 20.0 °C'
  - benchmark: elastic_modulus
    label: Modulus of elasticity, AW-8011A H19
    value: 70
    unit: GPa
    scope: material
    conditions:
      grade: EN AW-8011A
      temper: H19
      temperature: 20 °C
    method: Value printed on a property sheet for EN AW-8011A that cites EN 573-3
    status: ground
    source: mfgrobots-8011a-h19
    where: 'Properties, Mechanical: elastic modulus 70.0 GPa, row H19'
  - benchmark: elastic_modulus
    label: Modulus of elasticity, EN AW-8011A, cross-check range
    value: 69
    value_high: 79
    bound: range
    unit: GPa
    scope: material
    conditions:
      grade: EN AW-8011A
      temper: not stated on page
      temperature: 0 to 30 °C band (page tabs; band of the value not identified)
    method: Range printed on a materials database page for EN AW-8011A; tempers are not identified on the page
    status: ground
    source: totalmateria-en-aw-8011a
    where: 'Physical Properties, Modulus of Elasticity: 69 to 79 GPa'
  - benchmark: ultimate_tensile_strength
    label: Tensile strength, AW-8011A H19 foil at 20 °C
    value: 180
    value_high: 195
    bound: range
    unit: MPa
    scope: material
    conditions:
      grade: EN AW-8011A
      temper: H19
      form: foil
      temperature: 20 °C
    method: Two rows printed on a property sheet for EN AW-8011A that cites EN 573-3; the page does not say what separates the two rows
    status: ground
    note: The sheet also lists 180.0 MPa for H19 strip, sheet and plate at 20 °C. Yield strength for this temper is not printed on the sheet.
    source: mfgrobots-8011a-h19
    where: 'Properties, Mechanical: tensile strength 180.0 MPa (H19 Foil, 20.0 °C) and 195.0 MPa (H19 Foil, 20.0 °C)'
  - benchmark: elongation
    label: Elongation A, EN AW-8011A, lower limit
    value: 1
    bound: lower
    unit: '%'
    scope: material
    conditions:
      grade: EN AW-8011A
      temper: not stated on page
      temperature: 0 to 30 °C band
    method: Minimum printed on a materials database page for EN AW-8011A; tempers are not identified on the page
    status: ground
    source: totalmateria-en-aw-8011a
    where: 'Mechanical Properties, Elongation A: 1 % or more (page prints >= 1)'
  - benchmark: thermal_conductivity
    label: Thermal conductivity, AW-8011A H19 at 20 °C
    value: 210
    value_high: 220
    bound: range
    unit: W/(m·K)
    scope: material
    conditions:
      grade: EN AW-8011A
      temper: H19
      temperature: 20 °C
    method: Range printed on a property sheet for EN AW-8011A that cites EN 573-3
    status: ground
    source: mfgrobots-8011a-h19
    where: 'Properties, Thermal: thermal conductivity 210.0 to 220.0 W/(m·K), H19 at 20.0 °C'
  - benchmark: thermal_conductivity
    label: Thermal conductivity, EN AW-8011A, cross-check range
    value: 210
    value_high: 220
    bound: range
    unit: W/(m·°C)
    scope: material
    conditions:
      grade: EN AW-8011A
      temper: not stated on page
      temperature: not identified on page
    method: Range printed on a materials database page for EN AW-8011A; the page's unit is W/(m·°C), which is the same as W/(m·K)
    status: ground
    source: totalmateria-en-aw-8011a
    where: 'Physical Properties, Thermal Conductivity: 210 to 220 W/(m·°C)'
  - benchmark: electrical_conductivity
    label: Electrical conductivity, AW-8011A H19 at 20 °C
    value: 34000000
    value_high: 35000000
    bound: range
    unit: S/m
    scope: material
    conditions:
      grade: EN AW-8011A
      temper: H19
      temperature: 20 °C
    method: Range printed on a property sheet for EN AW-8011A that cites EN 573-3, in S/m as printed
    status: ground
    source: mfgrobots-8011a-h19
    where: 'Properties, Electrical: electrical conductivity 34000000.0 to 35000000.0 S/m, H19 at 20.0 °C'
  - benchmark: electrical_resistivity
    label: Electrical resistivity, AW-8011A H19
    value: 2.86e-8
    value_high: 2.94e-8
    bound: range
    unit: Ω·m
    scope: material
    conditions:
      grade: EN AW-8011A
      temper: H19
      temperature: not printed
    method: Range printed on a property sheet for EN AW-8011A that cites EN 573-3
    status: ground
    source: mfgrobots-8011a-h19
    where: 'Properties, Electrical: electrical resistivity 2.86e-08 to 2.94e-08 Ω·m, H19, no temperature printed'
  - benchmark: electrical_resistivity
    label: Electrical resistivity, EN AW-8011A, cross-check range
    value: 0.0286
    value_high: 0.0294
    bound: range
    unit: Ω·mm2/m
    scope: material
    conditions:
      grade: EN AW-8011A
      temper: not stated on page
      temperature: not stated on page
    method: Range printed on a materials database page for EN AW-8011A
    status: ground
    source: totalmateria-en-aw-8011a
    where: 'Physical Properties, Electrical Resistivity: 0.0286 to 0.0294 Ω·mm²/m'
  - benchmark: cte
    label: Coefficient of thermal expansion, AW-8011A H19 at 20 °C
    value: 0.0000235
    unit: 1/K
    scope: material
    conditions:
      grade: EN AW-8011A
      temper: H19
      temperature: 20 °C
    method: Value printed on a property sheet for EN AW-8011A that cites EN 573-3
    status: ground
    source: mfgrobots-8011a-h19
    where: 'Properties, Thermal: coefficient of thermal expansion 2.35e-05 1/K, H19 at 20.0 °C'
  - benchmark: cte
    label: Coefficient of thermal expansion, AW-8011A H19 at 100 °C
    value: 0.0000235
    unit: 1/K
    scope: material
    conditions:
      grade: EN AW-8011A
      temper: H19
      temperature: 100 °C
    method: Value printed on a property sheet for EN AW-8011A that cites EN 573-3
    status: ground
    source: mfgrobots-8011a-h19
    where: 'Properties, Thermal: coefficient of thermal expansion 2.35e-05 1/K, H19 at 100.0 °C'
  - benchmark: melting_point
    label: Melting range, AW-8011A H19
    value: 640
    value_high: 655
    bound: range
    unit: °C
    scope: material
    conditions:
      grade: EN AW-8011A
      temper: H19
      pressure: not stated
    method: Range printed on a property sheet for EN AW-8011A that cites EN 573-3
    status: ground
    source: mfgrobots-8011a-h19
    where: 'Properties, Thermal: melting point 640.0 to 655.0 °C, H19'
corrosion:
  - environment: Marine service (ships), corrosion test medium not stated
    headline: A 2021 study measured the corrosion rate of friction-stir-welded AA8011 against the base metal, but the abstract prints no value.
    effect: The abstract says the corrosion rate of the welded specimens was compared with the base material, and that corroded surfaces were examined by SEM and EDS. No corrosion potential, current or rate is printed in the abstract. The full paper was not read.
    rating: unknown
    conditions:
      basis: abstract only; full PDF not read
      test_medium: not stated in the abstract
    source: kumar2021-fsw-aa8011
    where: Abstract (Sazetak), Transactions on Maritime Science 2021
risks:
  hazards:
    - text: When used as intended the product is an article that should not pose a health hazard. Physical, health and environmental hazards are not classified; the authority-defined hazard is combustible dust, which may form combustible dust concentrations in air.
      ghs: []
      source: alcoa-sds-coil-foil
      where: Section 2, Classification (SDS 1352, sheet, coil and foil family, which lists 8011 among its synonyms)
    - text: Dust and fumes from processing can irritate the eyes, skin and upper respiratory tract. Asthma, chronic lung disease and skin rashes are listed as aggravated conditions.
      ghs: []
      source: alcoa-sds-coil-foil
      where: Health effects entries (dust and fume from processing)
  failure_risks:
    - mode: Dust explosion
      trigger: Dust or fines from processing dispersed in air, or dust accumulating in a confined space
      consequence: The SDS says even a minor dust cloud can explode violently, and chips and fines in contact with water give off flammable hydrogen gas.
      severity: high
      source: alcoa-sds-coil-foil
      where: Specific hazards arising from the chemical entry
    - mode: Thermite reaction with metal oxides
      trigger: Molten aluminium in contact with iron oxide (rust), copper oxide or lead oxide, or fines in contact with these oxides
      consequence: The SDS reports a violent thermite reaction with these oxides.
      severity: high
      source: alcoa-sds-coil-foil
      where: Reactivity entry and specific hazards entry for iron oxide (rust) and other metal oxides
  side_effects: []
  handling:
    - text: Keep the material dry and avoid generating dust. Avoid contact with sharp edges or heated metal.
      source: alcoa-sds-coil-foil
      where: Handling entry
    - text: Keep fines and dust apart from iron, iron oxide and other metal oxides, and follow the safety procedures and equipment guides the SDS cites from the Aluminum Association.
      source: alcoa-sds-coil-foil
      where: Handling and dust-processing entries
  mitigations: []
uses:
  - application: thermal-control
    device: Heat-exchanger fins and air-conditioning ducts in ships
    example: A 2021 abstract says AA8011 alloys are typically used in air-conditioning ducts and heat exchanger fins in ships, leisure boats, workboats and patrol boats. This is marine service, not a spacecraft use.
    source: kumar2021-fsw-aa8011
    where: Abstract, first sentences
  - application: thermal-control
    device: HVAC and refrigeration heat-exchanger fin stock coil
    example: A LODEC Group finstock page lists 8011 aluminium finstock in O and H tempers as available for HVAC, refrigeration and other heat-exchanger applications. This is building and refrigeration equipment, not a spacecraft use.
    source: lodec-finstock-8011
    where: Product range paragraph, 8011 aluminium finstock sentence
supply:
  - subject: Primary aluminium, smelter production 2025 (estimated)
    producers:
      - country: China
        share_percent: 60.8
        year: 2025
      - country: India
        share_percent: 5.7
        year: 2025
      - country: Russia
        share_percent: 5.3
        year: 2025
      - country: Canada
        share_percent: 4.5
        year: 2025
      - country: United Arab Emirates
        share_percent: 3.6
        year: 2025
    critical_lists: []
    recycling: 'USGS: in 2025 about 3.6 million tons of aluminium was recovered from purchased scrap in the United States, and old scrap was equal to about 28 % of apparent consumption. US net import reliance was 60 % in 2025 (estimated).'
    substitutes:
      - 'USGS: copper can replace aluminum in electrical and heat-exchange applications; glass, paper, plastics and steel can substitute for aluminum in packaging.'
    source: usgs-mcs2026-aluminum
    where: World Smelter Production and Capacity table, 2025e world total 74,000 thousand t (shares calculated by Space Mushroom from China 45,000, India 4,200, Russia 3,900, Canada 3,300 and UAE 2,700); Salient Statistics; Recycling; Substitutes
documents:
  - title: 'Wikipedia: Aluminium alloy (8000 series table)'
    type: database
    url: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aluminium_alloy
    year: 2026
  - title: 'AZoM: Grade 8011 (UNS A98011) Foil'
    type: datasheet
    url: https://www.azom.com/metals/aluminum-grade-8xxx-series-alloys_grade-8011-(uns-a98011)_foil
  - title: 'Yieh: Aluminum foil product specification and size (8011 temper and designation table)'
    type: datasheet
    url: https://yieh.com/en/aluminum-foil
  - title: 'Stanford Advanced Materials AL1469: Aluminum alloy 8011 foil (composition and standards)'
    type: datasheet
    url: https://samaterials.com/aluminium/1469-aluminum-alloy-8011-foil.html
  - title: Property sheet for AW-8011A H19 aluminium alloy, EN 573-3 (mfgrobots)
    type: datasheet
    url: https://www.mfgrobots.com/Article/material/metal/40588.html
  - title: 'Totalmateria: EN AW-8011A material properties'
    type: database
    url: https://www.totalmateria.com/en-us/material/3224463
  - title: 'Alcoa SDS 1352: Aluminium sheet, coil and foil, bare and coated (revision 31 May 2015)'
    type: sds
    url: https://www.physics.purdue.edu/primelab/safety/MSDS/SDS/aluminum%20foil%20%20-%20Alcoa.pdf
    year: 2015
  - title: 'USGS Mineral Commodity Summaries 2026: Aluminum'
    type: report
    url: https://pubs.usgs.gov/periodicals/mcs2026/mcs2026-aluminum.pdf
    year: 2026
  - title: Gonzalez, Lopez and Luiggi, Efecto de tratamiento isotermico sobre los cambios de fases de una aleacion AA8011, Revista Mexicana de Fisica 52(3), 147-149
    type: paper
    url: https://www.scielo.org.mx/pdf/rmf/v52s3/v52s3a42.pdf
    year: 2006
  - title: Kumar, Vignesh, Srirangarajalu and Padmanaban, Examination of the Mechanical, Corrosion, and Tribological Behavior of Friction Stir Welded Aluminum Alloy AA8011, Transactions on Maritime Science 10(01), 2021
    type: paper
    url: https://hrcak.srce.hr/clanak/375170
    year: 2021
gaps:
  - Yield strength of AA8011 foil in any temper was not found. MakeItFrom returned 403 Forbidden, a Croatian paper page was a waiting page, and the supplier listings print no yield value that could be read.
  - No tensile or elongation value for H18, H22, H24 or O foil was read in a fetched page. The one tensile range is for H19 from a property sheet for EN AW-8011A.
  - The H19 values come from a sheet for EN AW-8011A (citing EN 573-3), not from a mill datasheet for AA 8011 foil. yieh.com prints EN AW-8011A as the European name for 8011, but the equivalence should be confirmed against EN 573-3.
  - 'Corrosion: no numeric corrosion rate, potential or current for AA8011 was read. The 2021 friction-stir-weld study gives only the qualitative abstract statement. The 2014 acid-electrolyte study was seen only as a search snippet, and the full Amrita paper was not opened.'
  - Spacecraft, rocket or satellite use of AA8011 was not found in any source read. Searches on multilayer insulation and thermal straps named alloys 1145 and 1235 but not 8011, so the uses list has no space use.
  - Only two uses entries fit the application list (both thermal-control, heat-exchanger fins). The packaging, container and pharmaceutical blister foil uses (samaterials, yieh) have no matching application value in the schema, so they are recorded in story.uses only.
  - PubChem's aluminium GHS record was blocked by a reCAPTCHA page. The hazard entries rest on the Alcoa SDS for the sheet, coil and foil family, which lists 8011 among its synonyms. Its composition ranges cover the whole family and are not used as 8011 values.
  - The USGS 2026 aluminum summary read in this run does not mention a critical-minerals list, so no critical-list entry is recorded.
  - The W.Nr. 3.0280 number and the aluminium atomic weight were not printed on any page read in this run, so they are left out.
  - The production route (smelting, casting and rolling to foil) is not described from a fetched source. The only process facts are a laboratory study that homogenised a sample at 600 °C for 24 h and quenched it in water (Gonzalez et al. 2006).
  - Precipitation temperatures from the DSC study (271.8, 450 and 474.2 °C) were not entered, because the heating conditions are only partly readable in the extracted text.
  - The mfgrobots page gives specific heat, Poisson ratio and fracture toughness only as typical values for the wrought 8000 series, not for 8011, so they are left out.
  - Hardness of at least 25 HB on totalmateria has no temper, and the page has no canonical hardness name, so it is not entered.
sources:
  wiki-aluminium-alloy:
    title: Aluminium alloy, 8000 series (other elements) table
    url: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aluminium_alloy
    year: 2026
    kind: web
    license: CC BY-SA 4.0 (cited, not reproduced)
  azom-8011-foil:
    title: 'AZoM: Grade 8011 (UNS A98011) Foil, Aluminum Grade 8xxx Series Alloys'
    id: UNS A98011
    url: https://www.azom.com/metals/aluminum-grade-8xxx-series-alloys_grade-8011-(uns-a98011)_foil
    kind: datasheet
    license: Supplier listing (cited, not reproduced)
  yieh-aluminum-foil:
    title: 'Yieh: aluminium foil product specification, temper table and alloy designation comparison'
    id: 8011 / EN AW-8011A comparison row
    url: https://yieh.com/en/aluminum-foil
    kind: datasheet
    license: Supplier web page (cited, not reproduced)
  samaterials-8011-foil:
    title: 'Stanford Advanced Materials AL1469: Aluminum Alloy 8011 Foil product information'
    id: Catalog AL1469; QQA-1876, ASTM B479
    url: https://samaterials.com/aluminium/1469-aluminum-alloy-8011-foil.html
    kind: datasheet
    license: Supplier web page (cited, not reproduced)
  mfgrobots-8011a-h19:
    title: AW-8011A H19 aluminium alloy property sheet (EN 573-3)
    id: EN 573-3 AW-8011A, foil H19
    url: https://www.mfgrobots.com/Article/material/metal/40588.html
    kind: datasheet
    license: Web page (cited, not reproduced)
  totalmateria-en-aw-8011a:
    title: 'Totalmateria: EN AW-8011A (DIN EN AW-8011A) material properties'
    id: EN AW-8011A, EN 573-3:2026
    url: https://www.totalmateria.com/en-us/material/3224463
    kind: database
    license: Database page (cited, not reproduced)
  alcoa-sds-coil-foil:
    title: 'Alcoa SDS 1352: Aluminium sheet, coil and foil, bare and coated (version 04, revised 31 May 2015)'
    id: SDS 1352; synonyms include alloy 8011
    url: https://www.physics.purdue.edu/primelab/safety/MSDS/SDS/aluminum%20foil%20%20-%20Alcoa.pdf
    year: 2015
    kind: datasheet
    license: Manufacturer safety data sheet (cited, not reproduced)
  usgs-mcs2026-aluminum:
    title: 'Mineral Commodity Summaries 2026: Aluminum'
    id: USGS MCS 2026
    url: https://pubs.usgs.gov/periodicals/mcs2026/mcs2026-aluminum.pdf
    year: 2026
    kind: report
    license: public domain (USGS)
  gonzalez2006-rmf:
    title: Efecto de tratamiento isotermico sobre los cambios de fases de una aleacion AA8011 (Gonzalez, Lopez, Luiggi), Revista Mexicana de Fisica 52(3), 147-149
    id: Rev. Mex. Fis. 52 (3), 2006
    url: https://www.scielo.org.mx/pdf/rmf/v52s3/v52s3a42.pdf
    year: 2006
    kind: paper
    license: open-access journal (cited, not reproduced)
  kumar2021-fsw-aa8011:
    title: Examination of the Mechanical, Corrosion, and Tribological Behavior of Friction Stir Welded Aluminum Alloy AA8011 (Kumar, Vignesh, Srirangarajalu, Padmanaban), Transactions on Maritime Science 10(01), 20-41
    url: https://hrcak.srce.hr/clanak/375170
    year: 2021
    kind: paper
    license: open-access journal (cited, not reproduced)
  lodec-finstock-8011:
    title: 'AL CircleBiz: LODEC Group aluminium finstock coil in 1xxx, 3xxx and 8xxx alloys for heat exchangers, radiators and HVAC'
    url: https://www.alcircle.com/biz/lodec-group-products/19117/aluminium-finstock-coil-in-1xxx-3xxx-and-8xxx-alloys-for-heat-exchangers-radiators-and-hvac
    year: 2026
    kind: web
    license: Supplier web page (cited, not reproduced)
license: CC-BY-4.0
updated: '2026-10-26'
review:
  status: draft
  method: assistant
  checked_values: 13
  unreachable: 3
  caveats: 5
  note: 'Values were read by an AI assistant on 2026-10-26 from the pages named in each entry. H19 values come from a sheet for EN AW-8011A, not from a datasheet for AA 8011 foil. Unreachable: MakeItFrom (403), PubChem (reCAPTCHA), CroRIS waiting page for a Croatian foil paper. Caveats: no yield strength; totalmateria ranges have no temper; no corrosion number; no space use; hazards from a multi-alloy SDS.'
story:
  risk_groups:
    - title: For people
      lead: As supplied, the foil and sheet are not classified as hazardous. The hazard in use is dust and fine chips from processing.
      level: 1
      verdict: Low as supplied
      points:
        - label: The foil
          line: The Alcoa safety data sheet for sheet, coil and foil (a family sheet that lists 8011 among its synonyms) says the product is an article that should not pose a health hazard, and it is not classified under physical, health or environmental criteria.
        - label: Dust and fumes
          line: Dust and fumes from processing can irritate the eyes, skin and upper airways. The sheet lists asthma, chronic lung disease and skin rashes as conditions that dust can make worse.
    - title: If it fails
      lead: The failure routes in the sources are dust explosion and thermite reactions with metal oxides. No corrosion rate was found.
      points:
        - label: Dust explosion
          line: The sheet says even a minor dust cloud can explode violently, and chips and fines in contact with water give off hydrogen gas.
        - label: Thermite
          line: Molten aluminium reacts violently with iron oxide (rust), and with copper and lead oxides, so fines must be kept apart from rust and other metal oxides.
    - title: Handling and storage
      points:
        - label: Keep it dry
          line: Keep the material dry, avoid generating dust, and avoid contact with sharp edges or heated metal.
        - label: Temper
          line: The H19 figures do not apply to annealed O foil. The published tempers for 8011 foil run from O to H28 (yieh.com).
  why: Aluminium alloy 8011 is an Al-Fe-Si alloy, with iron and silicon as its main alloying additions (Gonzalez et al. 2006; Wikipedia 8000 table). In the H19 condition, one reseller sheet for the European name EN AW-8011A gives a tensile strength of 180 to 195 MPa, a density of 2.71 g/cm3 and a thermal conductivity of 210 to 220 W/(m·K) at 20 °C. A 2021 abstract names heat-exchanger fins as a typical use. The published foil specifications cover packaging, container and blister foil in several tempers.
  uses:
    - where: Heat-exchanger fins
      line: A 2021 abstract says AA8011 is typically used in air-conditioning ducts and heat-exchanger fins in ships and boats. This is marine service, not a spacecraft use.
    - where: HVAC and refrigeration fin stock
      line: A LODEC Group finstock page lists 8011 finstock in O and H tempers as available for HVAC, refrigeration and other heat-exchanger applications. This is building and refrigeration equipment, not a spacecraft use.
    - where: Packaging and blister foil
      line: Stanford Advanced Materials lists 8011 foil for packaging in the thin gauges of its foil table, container foil and pharmaceutical blister foil, with tempers including O, H14, H18, H22 and H24.
  can_do:
    - label: Carry heat
      value: 210 to 220 W/(m·K)
      benchmark: thermal_conductivity
      line: Thermal conductivity of H19 foil at 20 °C is 210 to 220 W/(m·K). A materials database gives the same range without a temper.
    - label: Light weight
      value: 2.71 g/cm3
      benchmark: density
      line: Density of H19 foil is 2.71 g/cm3 at 20 °C.
    - label: Strength in H19
      value: 180 to 195 MPa
      benchmark: ultimate_tensile_strength
      line: Tensile strength of H19 foil at 20 °C is printed as 180.0 and 195.0 MPa. No yield strength for this temper was found.
    - label: Stiffness
      value: 70.0 GPa
      benchmark: elastic_modulus
      line: The modulus of elasticity of H19 is 70.0 GPa at 20 °C.
    - label: Melting range
      value: 640 to 655 °C
      benchmark: melting_point
      line: The melting range of H19 is printed as 640.0 to 655.0 °C.
  compare: The USGS says copper can replace aluminium in electrical and heat-exchange applications, and that composites, steel and titanium can substitute in ground transport. The 8011 values here are from one reseller sheet for EN AW-8011A and a materials database that does not name a temper, so compare them with the other alloy profiles on this site only after checking each one's temper.
  compare_rows:
    - label: Density
      benchmark: density
    - label: Thermal conductivity
      benchmark: thermal_conductivity
    - label: Thermal expansion
      benchmark: cte
  handling:
    - Specify the temper, because the H19 values do not apply to annealed O foil.
    - Keep dust and fines dry and apart from rust and other metal oxides, to avoid dust explosions and thermite reactions.
    - Avoid contact with sharp edges and heated metal, as the SDS advises.
  good_for:
    - 'Light heat-exchanger fins: 2.71 g/cm3 density and 210 to 220 W/(m·K) conductivity in H19 foil at 20 °C.'
    - Packaging, container and blister foil in tempers from O to H28, per the published foil specifications.
  watch_out:
    - No yield strength is recorded for any temper, so the strength figures alone do not show how the foil will deform.
    - The H19 values come from a sheet for EN AW-8011A, not from an AA 8011 datasheet.
    - No corrosion rate, no spacecraft use and no outgassing data were found for this alloy.
  verdict: Aluminium alloy 8011 is a light, conductive foil and fin alloy. H19 foil shows 180 to 195 MPa tensile strength, 2.71 g/cm3 density and 210 to 220 W/(m·K) conductivity at 20 °C, but this profile has no yield strength, no corrosion number and no space flight use.
  recipe:
    line: 'AA 8011 is a wrought Al-Fe-Si alloy: the Wikipedia 8000-series table gives 98.7 % Al, 0.7 % Fe and 0.6 % Si, and foil specifications set iron at 0.60 to 1.00 % and silicon at 0.50 to 0.90 % (yieh.com; Stanford Advanced Materials). A laboratory study measured the Fe and Si in one sample, which was homogenised it at 600 °C for 24 h and quenching it in water (Gonzalez et al. 2006). The production route to foil is not described from a fetched source.'
    parts:
      - name: Aluminium
        symbol: Al
        share: 98.7 wt % (Wikipedia 8000 table); remainder of the specification
        role: The matrix. Almost all of the alloy is aluminium, which gives the foil its light weight and conductivity.
      - name: Iron
        symbol: Fe
        share: 0.7 wt % (Wikipedia 8000 table); 0.60 to 1.00 % (foil specification)
        role: Main alloying element together with silicon. The 2006 study found Al-Fe-Si phases in its AA8011 sample.
      - name: Silicon
        symbol: Si
        share: 0.6 wt % (Wikipedia 8000 table); 0.50 to 0.90 % (foil specification)
        role: Main alloying element together with iron (Gonzalez et al. 2006 describes the alloy as made mainly of Fe and Si).