Aluminium alloy 4047 4047

spore: profile
id: aluminium-4047
spore_version: 0.2
family: aluminium-alloys
name: Aluminium alloy 4047
abbreviation: '4047'
role: brazing and welding filler alloy (BAlSi-4, ER4047)
category: metals
type: aluminium
summary: |
  4047 is an aluminium-silicon filler alloy with 11 to 13 % silicon, also written BAlSi-4 (brazing) and ER4047 (welding), UNS A94047. It was first developed as a brazing alloy because of its low melting point and narrow freezing range. Supplier data give a solidus of 574 °C, a liquidus of 632 °C and a brazing range of 582 to 604 °C, a density of 2.65 g/cm3, and, for as-welded wire weld metal, 55 MPa yield and 124 MPa tensile strength with 12 % elongation. Its uses printed by suppliers are automotive radiators and battery cooling modules, and laser-welded covers for microwave circuits. No flight, spacecraft or launch record for 4047 was found.
best_for: Brazing and welding filler for aluminium parts where a low melting range and reduced hot cracking matter (suppliers cite high fluidity and low shrinkage)
weakest_at: Low strength in the as-welded form (about 124 MPa tensile and 55 MPa yield, supplier data) and no sourced property data for brazed joints
identity:
  formula: Al-Si alloy, nominal composition Si 11.0 to 13.0, Fe 0.80 max, Cu 0.30 max, Mn 0.15 max, Mg 0.10 max, Zn 0.20 max, Al balance (wt%, US alloy 4047)
  cas: ''
  source: aircraftmaterials-4047
  where: Chemical composition limits table, column Alloy 4047 USA (Si 11.0-13.0, Fe 0.80 max, Cu 0.30 max, Mn 0.15 max, Mg 0.10 max, Zn 0.20 max, Al Bal). Eagle Alloys nominal composition table gives the same limits except Si 11 to 12 in its table.
  designations:
    - system: UNS
      code: A94047
      source: aircraftmaterials-4047
      where: Similar Specifications list, UNS A94047
    - system: AA
      code: '4047'
      source: aircraftmaterials-4047
      where: Page title and composition table, Alloy 4047 USA
    - system: EN name
      code: EN AW-4047A
      note: European (EAA) version, printed as Alloy 4047A EAA
      source: eaglealloys-4047
      where: Specifications list, EN AW-4047A
    - system: ISO
      code: S Al 4047A
      note: EN ISO 18273 filler designation
      source: aircraftmaterials-weld-4047
      where: Similar Specifications list, EN ISO 18273 S Al 4047A
    - system: AMS
      code: '4185'
      note: Filler metal, aluminum brazing, 12Si (4047)
      source: ams4185b-sae
      where: Page title AMS4185B FILLER METAL, ALUMINUM BRAZING 12Si (4047)
    - system: Trade name
      code: OK Autrod 4047
      source: esab-ok-autrod-4047
      where: Product heading, OK Autrod 4047 (ESAB wire datasheet)
tags:
  environments: []
  stresses: []
  applications:
    - thermal-control
    - electronics-and-chips
properties:
  - benchmark: density
    label: Density, 4047
    value: 2.65
    unit: g/cm3
    scope: material
    conditions:
      form: not stated
      temperature: not stated
    method: Value printed on a supplier page, Physical properties
    status: ground
    source: aircraftmaterials-weld-4047
    where: Physical Properties section, row Density (printed as 2.65 gm/cc)
  - benchmark: density
    label: Density, 4047 (AlcoTec datasheet)
    value: 0.096
    unit: lb/in3
    scope: material
    conditions:
      form: not stated
      unit_in_source: lbs./cu. in.
    method: Value printed on a manufacturer weld datasheet, Typical Properties
    status: ground
    source: alcotec-4047
    where: TYPICAL PROPERTIES block, row Density
  - benchmark: melting_point
    label: Melting range (eutectic point), 4047
    value: 1068
    value_high: 1080
    bound: range
    unit: °F
    scope: material
    conditions:
      form: not stated
      condition_in_source: printed as eutectic point
    method: Range printed on a supplier page, Physical Properties
    status: ground
    source: aircraftmaterials-weld-4047
    where: Physical Properties section, row Melting range (printed as 1068 to 1080 °F (Eutectic point))
  - benchmark: melting_point
    label: Melting range, 4047 (AlcoTec datasheet)
    value: 1070
    value_high: 1080
    bound: range
    unit: °F
    scope: material
    conditions:
      form: not stated
    method: Range printed on a manufacturer weld datasheet, Typical Properties
    status: ground
    source: alcotec-4047
    where: TYPICAL PROPERTIES block, row Melting range (printed as 1070 - 1080 oF)
  - benchmark: solidus_temperature
    label: Solidus, 4047
    value: 574
    unit: °C
    scope: material
    conditions:
      form: not stated
      unit_in_source: printed as 1065 °F (574 °C)
    method: Value printed on a supplier page, Physical Properties
    status: ground
    source: eaglealloys-4047
    where: Physical Properties section, row Solidus
  - benchmark: liquidus_temperature
    label: Liquidus, 4047
    value: 632
    unit: °C
    scope: material
    conditions:
      form: not stated
      unit_in_source: printed as 1170 °F (632 °C)
    method: Value printed on a supplier page, Physical Properties
    status: ground
    source: eaglealloys-4047
    where: Physical Properties section, row Liquidus
  - benchmark: brazing_temperature_range
    label: Brazing temperature range, 4047
    value: 582
    value_high: 604
    bound: range
    unit: °C
    scope: material
    conditions:
      form: not stated
      unit_in_source: printed as 1080 to 1120 °F (582 to 604 °C)
    method: Range printed on a supplier page, Physical Properties
    status: ground
    source: eaglealloys-4047
    where: Physical Properties section, row Brazing Temperature Range
  - benchmark: electrical_conductivity
    label: Electrical conductivity, 4047 (-O temper)
    value: 41
    unit: '% IACS'
    scope: material
    conditions:
      temper: '-O as printed on the sheet'
      form: not stated
    method: Value printed on a manufacturer weld datasheet, Typical Properties
    status: ground
    source: alcotec-4047
    where: TYPICAL PROPERTIES block, row Conductivity (printed as 41 % IACS (-O))
  - benchmark: yield_strength
    label: Yield strength, 4047 weld metal, as welded (OK Autrod 4047 wire)
    value: 55
    unit: MPa
    scope: material
    conditions:
      product: weld metal from ER4047 wire (ESAB OK Autrod 4047)
      temper: as welded, no heat treatment
      basis: typical value printed by the manufacturer
    method: Value printed on a manufacturer wire datasheet, Typical Tensile Properties
    status: ground
    source: esab-ok-autrod-4047
    where: Typical Tensile Properties table, row As Welded, column Yield Strength
  - benchmark: ultimate_tensile_strength
    label: Tensile strength, 4047 weld metal, as welded (OK Autrod 4047 wire)
    value: 124
    unit: MPa
    scope: material
    conditions:
      product: weld metal from ER4047 wire (ESAB OK Autrod 4047)
      temper: as welded, no heat treatment
      basis: typical value printed by the manufacturer
    method: Value printed on a manufacturer wire datasheet, Typical Tensile Properties
    status: ground
    source: esab-ok-autrod-4047
    where: Typical Tensile Properties table, row As Welded, column Tensile Strength
  - benchmark: elongation
    label: Elongation, 4047 weld metal, as welded (OK Autrod 4047 wire)
    value: 12
    unit: '%'
    scope: material
    conditions:
      product: weld metal from ER4047 wire (ESAB OK Autrod 4047)
      temper: as welded, no heat treatment
      gauge_length: not stated
    method: Value printed on a manufacturer wire datasheet, Typical Tensile Properties
    status: ground
    source: esab-ok-autrod-4047
    where: Typical Tensile Properties table, row As Welded, column Elongation
corrosion:
  - environment: General and stress corrosion, qualitative rating (AlcoTec datasheet)
    headline: The AlcoTec datasheet rates 4047 B for general corrosion and A for stress corrosion, on a scale the sheet does not define.
    effect: 'The sheet prints ''Resistance to corrosion: B (Gen) A (SCC)''. The rating key is not printed, and no exposure environment, test or result is given for 4047.'
    rating: unknown
    conditions:
      basis: letter rating printed on a manufacturer datasheet
      test: none stated
    source: alcotec-4047
    where: TYPICAL PROPERTIES block, row Resistance to corrosion
risks:
  hazards:
    - text: The Airgas safety data sheet, which covers ER4047 among other filler products, says the product is not classified as hazardous under GHS, with no symbol and no signal word.
      ghs: []
      source: airgas-sds-er4047
      where: Section 2, Hazard Classification and Label Elements block
    - text: The same sheet warns that welding fumes and gases may be dangerous to health and lists possible fume constituents for the product family, including beryllium, chromium, manganese and nickel compounds. The constituents are a family list, not an analysis of 4047 fume.
      ghs: []
      source: airgas-sds-er4047
      where: Hazard text after the Section 2 precautionary statements (paragraph on fume constituents)
  failure_risks: []
  side_effects: []
  handling:
    - text: Avoid breathing welding fumes and gases. The SDS says to use adequate ventilation and appropriate personal protective equipment.
      source: airgas-sds-er4047
      where: Warning text after the Section 2 hazard statements (Avoid breathing welding fumes)
    - text: State the form of the filler. The AMS 4185 scope covers wire, sheet, pig, grains, shot and chips, and the properties above are for wire weld metal.
      source: ams4185b-sae
      where: Scope text on the SAE AMS4185B page
  mitigations: []
uses:
  - application: thermal-control
    device: Automotive radiators and battery cooling modules
    example: Eagle Alloys says 4047 is used for radiators and battery cooling modules, and that it is particularly useful in the automotive industry for parts and engine blocks.
    source: eaglealloys-4047
    where: FAQ, How is Alum 4047 used in automotive applications? and About 4047 Aluminum Alloy section
  - application: electronics-and-chips
    device: Laser-welded covers for microwave integrated circuits, and leak-tight joints
    example: Eagle Alloys lists laser-welded covers for microwave integrated circuits and leak-tight joints among the applications of 4047. The page gives no numeric value for these uses.
    source: eaglealloys-4047
    where: Properties and Applications list
supply:
  - subject: Primary aluminium smelter production, 2025 estimate (world)
    producers:
      - country: China
        share_percent: 60.8
        year: 2025
      - country: India
        share_percent: 5.7
        year: 2025
      - country: Russia
        share_percent: 5.3
        year: 2025
      - country: Canada
        share_percent: 4.5
        year: 2025
      - country: United Arab Emirates
        share_percent: 3.6
        year: 2025
    critical_lists: []
    recycling: 'USGS: in 2025 about 3.6 million tons of aluminum were recovered from purchased scrap in the United States, about 56 % from new scrap and 44 % from old scrap. Old-scrap recovery was equivalent to about 28 % of apparent consumption.'
    substitutes:
      - 'USGS: composites can substitute for aluminum in aircraft fuselages and wings. Copper can replace aluminum in electrical and heat-exchange applications.'
    source: usgs-mcs2026-aluminum
    where: 'World Smelter Production and Capacity table, column 2025e: China 45,000, India 4,200, Russia 3,900, Canada 3,300, United Arab Emirates 2,700, world total (rounded) 74,000 thousand t. Shares are calculated by Space Mushroom from those printed values (for example 45,000 / 74,000 = 60.8 %). Recycling and Substitutes sections.'
documents:
  - title: 'AircraftMaterials: Aluminium Brazing Alloy 4047 (composition and physical properties page)'
    type: datasheet
    url: https://aircraftmaterials.com/data/aluminium/4047.html
  - title: 'AircraftMaterials: Aluminium Welding and Brazing Alloy 4047 (physical properties and uses)'
    type: datasheet
    url: https://aircraftmaterials.com/data/weld/4047.html
  - title: AlcoTec Alloy 4047 Weld Data Sheet (copy hosted by Toll Welding Supply)
    type: datasheet
    url: https://tollweldingsupply.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/11/ALC4047.pdf
  - title: ESAB OK Autrod 4047 MIG/MAG aluminium wire datasheet (copy hosted by Plymovent)
    type: datasheet
    url: https://plymovent.rapidwelding.com/files/1805129870.pdf
  - title: 'Eagle Alloys: Aluminum 4047 product page (composition, physical properties, applications)'
    type: datasheet
    url: https://www.eaglealloys.com/aluminum-4047/
  - title: Airgas / American Welding filler safety data sheet covering ER4047 among other products (revised 12/01/2015)
    type: sds
    url: https://www.airgas.com/msds/004722.pdf
    year: 2015
  - title: 'SAE AMS4185B: Filler Metal, Aluminum Brazing 12Si (4047), landing page'
    type: standard
    url: https://saemobilus.sae.org/standards/ams4185b-filler-metal-aluminum-brazing-12si-4047
  - title: 'USGS Mineral Commodity Summaries 2026: Aluminum'
    type: report
    url: https://pubs.usgs.gov/periodicals/mcs2026/mcs2026-aluminum.pdf
    year: 2026
gaps:
  - No thermal conductivity, specific heat, thermal expansion or elastic modulus for 4047 was read on a fetched page. MakeItFrom values (for example 130 W/m-K, 72 GPa) appeared only in search snippets and its pages returned HTTP 403, so they are not used.
  - No brazed-joint strength, ductility or fatigue data were found. The strength values are typical values for as-welded wire weld metal from the ESAB datasheet, not for brazed joints.
  - No flight, spacecraft or launch record for 4047 was found. The sources cite automotive, electronics and aerospace-specification uses only, and the AMS 4185 scope names no space use.
  - No corrosion test result for 4047 was found (salt spray, exfoliation or stress-corrosion test). Only the AlcoTec letter rating is recorded, and its rating key is not printed.
  - No failure-mode data for welded or brazed joints were found in the sources read, so failure_risks is empty.
  - The benchmarks electrical_conductivity, solidus_temperature, liquidus_temperature and brazing_temperature_range are not in property-canon.yaml. Short snake_case names are used for them.
  - The AWS A5.10 classification ER4047 is printed by the ESAB and Airgas sources, but the designation list has no AWS system, so it is not recorded as a designation.
  - 'Density conflicts slightly: 2.65 g/cm3 (AircraftMaterials), 0.096 lb/in3 (AlcoTec), and 0.097 lb/in3 (Eagle Alloys, not entered). Both values are kept as printed.'
  - 'Melting ranges differ at the low end: 1068 °F (AircraftMaterials), 1070 °F (AlcoTec), and a solidus of 574 °C (Eagle Alloys). All are kept as printed in separate rows.'
  - Silicon range is 11.0 to 13.0 % in the AircraftMaterials table and AlcoTec sheet. The Eagle Alloys table gives 11.0 to 12.0 %, which is recorded only as a conflict.
  - Iron maximum is 0.80 % for the US alloy and 0.60 % for the European EAA version (AircraftMaterials table). The US value is used in the formula.
  - The Airgas SDS also prints a Danger block with H335, H336, H372 and H400, but the excerpt does not say which product in the family it applies to, so it is not attributed to 4047.
  - No silicon supply, abundance or critical-mineral entry was read in this run. The USGS aluminum summary read here has no critical-minerals wording, so critical_lists is empty.
  - No media added for this profile.
sources:
  aircraftmaterials-4047:
    title: 'AircraftMaterials: Aluminium Brazing Alloy 4047 (composition limits)'
    url: https://aircraftmaterials.com/data/aluminium/4047.html
    kind: datasheet
    license: Supplier web page (cited, not reproduced)
  aircraftmaterials-weld-4047:
    title: 'AircraftMaterials: Aluminium Welding and Brazing Alloy 4047 (physical properties, uses and specifications)'
    url: https://aircraftmaterials.com/data/weld/4047.html
    kind: datasheet
    license: Supplier web page (cited, not reproduced)
  alcotec-4047:
    title: AlcoTec Alloy 4047 Weld Data Sheet (copy hosted by Toll Welding Supply)
    id: Trade designations Almigweld and Altigweld; ISO AlSi12
    url: https://tollweldingsupply.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/11/ALC4047.pdf
    kind: datasheet
    license: Manufacturer data sheet (cited, not reproduced)
  esab-ok-autrod-4047:
    title: ESAB OK Autrod 4047 MIG/MAG aluminium wire (copy hosted by Plymovent)
    id: SFA/AWS A5.10 ER4047; EN ISO 18273 S Al 4047 (AlSi12)
    url: https://plymovent.rapidwelding.com/files/1805129870.pdf
    kind: datasheet
    license: Manufacturer data sheet (cited, not reproduced)
  eaglealloys-4047:
    title: 'Eagle Alloys: Aluminum 4047 product page'
    url: https://www.eaglealloys.com/aluminum-4047/
    kind: web
    license: Supplier web page (cited, not reproduced)
  airgas-sds-er4047:
    title: Safety data sheet covering ER4047 among other filler products (Airgas, American Welding filler; revised 12/01/2015)
    url: https://www.airgas.com/msds/004722.pdf
    kind: datasheet
    license: Supplier safety data sheet (cited, not reproduced)
  ams4185b-sae:
    title: 'SAE AMS4185B: Filler Metal, Aluminum Brazing 12Si (4047)'
    id: AMS 4185; the page shows the revision list, with AMS4185G listed as newest
    url: https://saemobilus.sae.org/standards/ams4185b-filler-metal-aluminum-brazing-12si-4047
    kind: standard
    license: Standard landing page (cited, not reproduced)
  usgs-mcs2026-aluminum:
    title: 'Mineral Commodity Summaries 2026: Aluminum'
    id: USGS MCS 2026
    url: https://pubs.usgs.gov/periodicals/mcs2026/mcs2026-aluminum.pdf
    kind: report
    license: public domain (USGS)
license: CC-BY-4.0
updated: '2026-10-26'
review:
  status: draft
  method: assistant
  checked_values: 11
  unreachable: 2
  caveats: 5
  note: 'Values were read by an AI assistant on 2026-10-26 from the pages named in each entry. Blocked with HTTP 403: MakeItFrom 4047 page and comparison page; SAE page gives no values (landing page only). Caveats: the strength values are for as-welded wire weld metal, not brazed joints; the melting ranges and density differ slightly between suppliers; the hazard statement covers a multi-product SDS; no space or flight record was found.'
story:
  recipe:
    line: 4047 is a non-heat-treatable aluminium-silicon filler with 11 to 13 % silicon. It was developed as a brazing alloy (BAlSi-4) because of its low melting point and narrow freezing range (AlcoTec). It is supplied as wire, rod, sheet, pig, grains, shot and chips (AMS 4185 scope). The composition below is the specification range.
    parts:
      - name: Aluminium
        symbol: Al
        share: balance
        role: The matrix of the alloy. Balance of the composition.
      - name: Silicon
        symbol: Si
        share: 11.0 to 13.0 wt%
        role: The defining element. It gives the alloy its low melting range and high fluidity, and reduces shrinkage and hot cracking (AlcoTec, ESAB).
      - name: Iron
        symbol: Fe
        share: 0.80 wt% max (US alloy; 0.60 max for the European EAA version)
        role: An impurity limit in the specification, not a deliberate addition.
      - name: Copper
        symbol: Cu
        share: 0.30 wt% max
        role: A low-level impurity limit.
      - name: Zinc
        symbol: Zn
        share: 0.20 wt% max
        role: A low-level impurity limit.
      - name: Manganese
        symbol: Mn
        share: 0.15 wt% max
        role: A low-level impurity limit.
      - name: Magnesium
        symbol: Mg
        share: 0.10 wt% max
        role: A low-level impurity limit.
  risk_groups:
    - title: For people
      level: 0
      verdict: Not classified hazardous; fumes need control
      lead: The Airgas SDS for a filler family that includes ER4047 says the product is not classified as hazardous. It also warns about welding fumes. No health data specific to 4047 were found.
      points:
        - label: The product
          line: The SDS says the product is not classified as hazardous under GHS and needs no label symbol or signal word.
        - label: Fumes
          line: The same SDS warns that welding fumes and gases may be dangerous to health and that fumes depend on the base metal, its coating and the process.
    - title: If it fails
      lead: The sources give no failure-mode data for brazed or welded joints.
      points:
        - label: Strength
          line: As-welded wire weld metal is printed at 55 MPa yield and 124 MPa tensile, with 12 % elongation (ESAB).
        - label: Corrosion
          line: The AlcoTec sheet rates general corrosion B and stress corrosion A on a letter scale it does not define. No test result was found.
    - title: Handling and storage
      points:
        - label: Ventilation
          line: Use adequate ventilation and personal protective equipment when welding or brazing, as the SDS says.
        - label: Form
          line: State the form (wire, sheet, grains) when comparing values, because the AMS 4185 scope covers several forms.
  why: 4047 is an aluminium-silicon filler with 11 to 13 % silicon. It was developed as a brazing alloy because its low melting range and narrow freezing range suit joining, and its extra silicon improves fluidity and reduces shrinkage. Supplier data give a density of 2.65 g/cm3, a solidus of 574 °C and a liquidus of 632 °C, and a brazing range of 582 to 604 °C. The sources read here cover its use for automotive radiators and battery cooling modules, and laser-welded covers for microwave circuits, but no flight record.
  uses:
    - where: Automotive radiators and battery cooling modules
      line: Eagle Alloys says 4047 is used for radiators and battery cooling modules, and that it is particularly useful in the automotive industry for parts and engine blocks.
    - where: Laser-welded covers for microwave circuits
      line: Eagle Alloys lists laser-welded covers for microwave integrated circuits and leak-tight joints among its applications. The page gives no numbers for these uses.
  can_do:
    - label: Brazing at low temperature
      value: 574 to 632 °C solidus to liquidus
      benchmark: solidus_temperature
      line: The supplier gives a solidus of 574 °C and a liquidus of 632 °C, with a brazing range of 582 to 604 °C.
    - label: Weight
      value: 2.65 g/cm3
      benchmark: density
      line: The supplier gives a density of 2.65 g/cm3. The AlcoTec sheet prints 0.096 lb/in3.
    - label: Conduct current
      value: 41 % IACS
      benchmark: electrical_conductivity
      line: The AlcoTec sheet prints an electrical conductivity of 41 % IACS for the -O temper.
    - label: Tensile strength as welded
      value: 124 MPa
      benchmark: ultimate_tensile_strength
      line: The ESAB datasheet gives 124 MPa tensile and 55 MPa yield for as-welded wire weld metal, with 12 % elongation.
  compare: The sources here give density, melting range and as-welded strength for 4047 only. They do not compare it numerically with other grades in this collection, so the comparison rows below show its own values.
  compare_rows:
    - label: Density
      benchmark: density
    - label: Melting range
      benchmark: melting_point
    - label: Yield strength, as welded
      benchmark: yield_strength
  handling:
    - Use adequate ventilation and personal protective equipment, and avoid breathing welding fumes (Airgas SDS).
    - State the form of the filler (wire, sheet, grains) and whether a value is for weld metal or brazed joints.
  good_for:
    - Brazing and welding aluminium parts that need a low melting range and reduced hot cracking, such as automotive radiators and battery cooling modules.
    - Laser-welded covers and leak-tight joints in microwave circuit packages, as Eagle Alloys lists.
  watch_out:
    - 'Low as-welded strength: about 124 MPa tensile and 55 MPa yield in the ESAB datasheet.'
    - Corrosion is rated only by a letter scale (B general, A stress corrosion) with no test data.
    - Welding fumes can be harmful. The SDS warns against breathing them and lists fume constituents for the product family.
    - No flight, spacecraft or launch use of 4047 is confirmed by any source read here.
  verdict: 4047 is a practical, low-melting aluminium-silicon filler for brazing and welding, with supplier data on its melting range, density and as-welded strength. Its sources give no thermal, brazed-joint or space data, so those values are left as gaps.