{
  "spore": "profile",
  "id": "aluminium-6013",
  "spore_version": "0.2",
  "family": "aluminium-alloys",
  "name": "Aluminium alloy 6013",
  "abbreviation": "6013",
  "role": "medium-strength aerospace alloy",
  "category": "metals",
  "type": "aluminium",
  "summary": "6013 is a wrought aluminium alloy of the Al-Mg-Si-Cu family, with the composition AlMg1Si0.8CuMn. AZoM says it is chiefly used in aerospace applications. A supplier data page gives a density of 2.71 g/cm3, a modulus of elasticity of 71 GPa and, in the T651 temper, a yield strength of 350 MPa and a tensile strength of 410 MPa. The AZoM 6013-T8 table gives minimum values of 379 MPa yield and 392 MPa tensile for thick sheet and plate. The opened sources do not name aircraft skin, spacecraft or rocket use for 6013.\n",
  "best_for": "Light structural aluminium for aerospace and general structural use: 2.71 g/cm3 density, and 350 MPa yield in the T651 temper (supplier page)",
  "weakest_at": "Dust and chips ignite readily during machining (Hydro SDS). No fatigue, fracture-toughness or T6 temper data was opened, and the sources disagree on thermal expansion",
  "identity": {
    "formula": "Al-Mg-Si-Cu-Mn alloy, AlMg1Si0.8CuMn; composition in wt%: Mg 0.80 to 1.20, Si 0.60 to 1.00, Cu 0.60 to 1.10, Mn 0.20 to 0.80, Fe up to 0.50, Zn up to 0.25, Cr up to 0.10, Ti up to 0.10, Al balance",
    "designations": [
      {
        "system": "UNS",
        "code": "A96013",
        "source": "azom-6013",
        "where": "Page title, Aluminium / Aluminum 6013 Alloy (UNS A96013)"
      },
      {
        "system": "AA",
        "code": "6013",
        "source": "azom-6013",
        "where": "Page title, Aluminium / Aluminum 6013 Alloy"
      },
      {
        "system": "ISO",
        "code": "AlMg1Si0.8CuMn",
        "source": "referansmetal-6013",
        "where": "Material Composition Standards section, ISO AlMg1Si0.8CuMn"
      },
      {
        "system": "EN name",
        "code": "AL-P6013-T6",
        "note": "aerospace sheet and strip, 0.5 mm to 6 mm, BS EN 4313:2005",
        "source": "bsi-en4313",
        "where": "Page title, Aerospace series Aluminium alloy AL-P6013-T6 Sheet and strip"
      },
      {
        "system": "AMS",
        "code": "4347",
        "note": "sheet, equivalent material per AZoM",
        "source": "azom-6013",
        "where": "Other Designations section, equivalent material AMS 4347"
      },
      {
        "system": "AMS",
        "code": "4216C",
        "note": "sheet, 6013-T6 solution heat treated and artificially aged",
        "source": "sae-ams4216c",
        "where": "Specification number and title, AMS4216C (6013-T6)"
      },
      {
        "system": "ASTM",
        "code": "B209",
        "note": "sheet and plate",
        "source": "referansmetal-6013",
        "where": "Page header, ASTM B209 / AlMg1Si0.8CuMn / 6013 / T651"
      },
      {
        "system": "ASTM",
        "code": "B221",
        "note": "extruded bar, strip, wire and tube",
        "source": "referansmetal-6013",
        "where": "Material Composition Standards section, ASTM B221"
      }
    ],
    "source": "referansmetal-6013",
    "where": "Chemical Properties table (Si, Cr, Mn, Mg, Cu, Ti, Fe and Zn ranges; Al balance)"
  },
  "tags": {
    "environments": [],
    "stresses": [],
    "applications": [
      "structures",
      "mechanisms"
    ]
  },
  "properties": [
    {
      "benchmark": "density",
      "label": "Density (supplier physical properties table)",
      "value": 2.71,
      "bound": "exact",
      "unit": "g/cm3",
      "scope": "material",
      "conditions": {
        "temper": "not stated for the physical table; the page mechanical table is T651",
        "unit_in_source": "2,71 g/cm³"
      },
      "method": "Value printed in a supplier physical properties table",
      "status": "ground",
      "source": "referansmetal-6013",
      "where": "Physical Properties table, Density",
      "source_detail": {
        "title": "EN AW-AlMg1Si0.8CuMn 6013 T6/T651 product data (Referansmetal)",
        "id": "ASTM B209 header; ISO AlMg1Si0.8CuMn; UNS A96013; AMS 4347 (sheet); ASTM B221",
        "url": "https://www.referansmetal.com/alasimli-aluminyum/product/309/en-aw-almg1si0-8cumn-6013-t6-t651?lang=en",
        "kind": "datasheet",
        "license": "Supplier web page (cited, not reproduced)"
      }
    },
    {
      "benchmark": "density",
      "label": "Density (AZoM 6013-T8 physical properties)",
      "value": 2.71,
      "bound": "exact",
      "unit": "g/cm3",
      "scope": "material",
      "conditions": {
        "temper": "T8 (section heading)",
        "unit_in_source": "0.0979 lb/in3"
      },
      "method": "Value printed in a materials data table",
      "status": "ground",
      "source": "azom-6013",
      "where": "Physical Properties (6013-T8) table, Density",
      "source_detail": {
        "title": "6013 Aluminium Alloy Properties (AZoM article 8611), section 6013-T8 physical, mechanical and thermal tables",
        "id": "UNS A96013; AMS 4347 equivalent",
        "url": "https://www.azom.com/article.aspx?ArticleID=8611",
        "kind": "web",
        "license": "AZoM web article (cited, not reproduced)"
      }
    },
    {
      "benchmark": "melting_point",
      "label": "Melting point",
      "value": 579,
      "bound": "exact",
      "unit": "°C",
      "scope": "material",
      "conditions": {
        "temper": "not stated",
        "form": "single value printed, not a range"
      },
      "method": "Single value printed in a supplier physical properties table",
      "status": "ground",
      "source": "referansmetal-6013",
      "where": "Physical Properties table, Melting point",
      "source_detail": {
        "title": "EN AW-AlMg1Si0.8CuMn 6013 T6/T651 product data (Referansmetal)",
        "id": "ASTM B209 header; ISO AlMg1Si0.8CuMn; UNS A96013; AMS 4347 (sheet); ASTM B221",
        "url": "https://www.referansmetal.com/alasimli-aluminyum/product/309/en-aw-almg1si0-8cumn-6013-t6-t651?lang=en",
        "kind": "datasheet",
        "license": "Supplier web page (cited, not reproduced)"
      }
    },
    {
      "benchmark": "elastic_modulus",
      "label": "Modulus of elasticity",
      "value": 71,
      "bound": "exact",
      "unit": "GPa",
      "scope": "material",
      "conditions": {
        "temper": "not stated"
      },
      "method": "Value printed in a supplier physical properties table",
      "status": "ground",
      "note": "Wikipedia gives 69 GPa for 6013 with no temper stated; that value is not recorded.",
      "source": "referansmetal-6013",
      "where": "Physical Properties table, Modulus of elasticity",
      "source_detail": {
        "title": "EN AW-AlMg1Si0.8CuMn 6013 T6/T651 product data (Referansmetal)",
        "id": "ASTM B209 header; ISO AlMg1Si0.8CuMn; UNS A96013; AMS 4347 (sheet); ASTM B221",
        "url": "https://www.referansmetal.com/alasimli-aluminyum/product/309/en-aw-almg1si0-8cumn-6013-t6-t651?lang=en",
        "kind": "datasheet",
        "license": "Supplier web page (cited, not reproduced)"
      }
    },
    {
      "benchmark": "thermal_conductivity",
      "label": "Thermal conductivity (supplier)",
      "value": 164,
      "bound": "exact",
      "unit": "W/(m·K)",
      "scope": "material",
      "conditions": {
        "temper": "not stated",
        "unit_in_source": "164 W/m.K"
      },
      "method": "Value printed in a supplier physical properties table",
      "status": "ground",
      "note": "AZoM gives 164 W/mK for 6013-T8, which agrees.",
      "source": "referansmetal-6013",
      "where": "Physical Properties table, Thermal conductivity",
      "source_detail": {
        "title": "EN AW-AlMg1Si0.8CuMn 6013 T6/T651 product data (Referansmetal)",
        "id": "ASTM B209 header; ISO AlMg1Si0.8CuMn; UNS A96013; AMS 4347 (sheet); ASTM B221",
        "url": "https://www.referansmetal.com/alasimli-aluminyum/product/309/en-aw-almg1si0-8cumn-6013-t6-t651?lang=en",
        "kind": "datasheet",
        "license": "Supplier web page (cited, not reproduced)"
      }
    },
    {
      "benchmark": "thermal_conductivity",
      "label": "Thermal conductivity, 6013-T8",
      "value": 164,
      "bound": "exact",
      "unit": "W/mK",
      "scope": "material",
      "conditions": {
        "temper": "T8",
        "unit_in_source": "1140 BTU in/hr.ft².°F"
      },
      "method": "Value printed in a materials data table (section 6013-T8)",
      "status": "ground",
      "source": "azom-6013",
      "where": "Thermal Properties (6013-T8) table, Thermal conductivity",
      "source_detail": {
        "title": "6013 Aluminium Alloy Properties (AZoM article 8611), section 6013-T8 physical, mechanical and thermal tables",
        "id": "UNS A96013; AMS 4347 equivalent",
        "url": "https://www.azom.com/article.aspx?ArticleID=8611",
        "kind": "web",
        "license": "AZoM web article (cited, not reproduced)"
      }
    },
    {
      "benchmark": "cte",
      "label": "Coefficient of thermal expansion (supplier)",
      "value": 21.7,
      "bound": "exact",
      "unit": "µm/m°C",
      "scope": "material",
      "conditions": {
        "temper": "not stated",
        "unit_in_source": "21.7 µm/m.°C"
      },
      "method": "Value printed in a supplier physical properties table",
      "status": "ground",
      "note": "AZoM gives 23.4 µm/m°C for 6013-T8. The two sources disagree by 1.7 µm/m°C, so both are recorded.",
      "source": "referansmetal-6013",
      "where": "Physical Properties table, Thermal expansion",
      "source_detail": {
        "title": "EN AW-AlMg1Si0.8CuMn 6013 T6/T651 product data (Referansmetal)",
        "id": "ASTM B209 header; ISO AlMg1Si0.8CuMn; UNS A96013; AMS 4347 (sheet); ASTM B221",
        "url": "https://www.referansmetal.com/alasimli-aluminyum/product/309/en-aw-almg1si0-8cumn-6013-t6-t651?lang=en",
        "kind": "datasheet",
        "license": "Supplier web page (cited, not reproduced)"
      }
    },
    {
      "benchmark": "cte",
      "label": "Coefficient of thermal expansion, 6013-T8",
      "value": 23.4,
      "bound": "exact",
      "unit": "µm/m°C",
      "scope": "material",
      "conditions": {
        "temper": "T8",
        "unit_in_source": "13 µin/in°F"
      },
      "method": "Value printed in a materials data table (section 6013-T8)",
      "status": "ground",
      "source": "azom-6013",
      "where": "Thermal Properties (6013-T8) table, Thermal expansion co-efficient",
      "source_detail": {
        "title": "6013 Aluminium Alloy Properties (AZoM article 8611), section 6013-T8 physical, mechanical and thermal tables",
        "id": "UNS A96013; AMS 4347 equivalent",
        "url": "https://www.azom.com/article.aspx?ArticleID=8611",
        "kind": "web",
        "license": "AZoM web article (cited, not reproduced)"
      }
    },
    {
      "benchmark": "yield_strength",
      "label": "Yield strength (supplier, T651)",
      "value": 350,
      "bound": "exact",
      "unit": "MPa",
      "scope": "material",
      "conditions": {
        "temper": "T651 (page header)",
        "measure": "not stated; no separate proof value printed"
      },
      "method": "Value printed in a supplier mechanical properties table",
      "status": "ground",
      "source": "referansmetal-6013",
      "where": "Mechanical Properties table, Yield strength",
      "source_detail": {
        "title": "EN AW-AlMg1Si0.8CuMn 6013 T6/T651 product data (Referansmetal)",
        "id": "ASTM B209 header; ISO AlMg1Si0.8CuMn; UNS A96013; AMS 4347 (sheet); ASTM B221",
        "url": "https://www.referansmetal.com/alasimli-aluminyum/product/309/en-aw-almg1si0-8cumn-6013-t6-t651?lang=en",
        "kind": "datasheet",
        "license": "Supplier web page (cited, not reproduced)"
      }
    },
    {
      "benchmark": "ultimate_tensile_strength",
      "label": "Ultimate tensile strength (supplier, T651)",
      "value": 410,
      "bound": "exact",
      "unit": "MPa",
      "scope": "material",
      "conditions": {
        "temper": "T651 (page header)"
      },
      "method": "Value printed in a supplier mechanical properties table",
      "status": "ground",
      "source": "referansmetal-6013",
      "where": "Mechanical Properties table, Ultimate strength",
      "source_detail": {
        "title": "EN AW-AlMg1Si0.8CuMn 6013 T6/T651 product data (Referansmetal)",
        "id": "ASTM B209 header; ISO AlMg1Si0.8CuMn; UNS A96013; AMS 4347 (sheet); ASTM B221",
        "url": "https://www.referansmetal.com/alasimli-aluminyum/product/309/en-aw-almg1si0-8cumn-6013-t6-t651?lang=en",
        "kind": "datasheet",
        "license": "Supplier web page (cited, not reproduced)"
      }
    },
    {
      "benchmark": "elongation",
      "label": "Elongation A50 mm (supplier, T651)",
      "value": 4,
      "bound": "exact",
      "unit": "%",
      "scope": "material",
      "conditions": {
        "temper": "T651 (page header)",
        "gauge_length": "50 mm (row Elongation A50 mm)"
      },
      "method": "Value printed in a supplier mechanical properties table",
      "status": "ground",
      "source": "referansmetal-6013",
      "where": "Mechanical Properties table, Elongation A50 mm",
      "source_detail": {
        "title": "EN AW-AlMg1Si0.8CuMn 6013 T6/T651 product data (Referansmetal)",
        "id": "ASTM B209 header; ISO AlMg1Si0.8CuMn; UNS A96013; AMS 4347 (sheet); ASTM B221",
        "url": "https://www.referansmetal.com/alasimli-aluminyum/product/309/en-aw-almg1si0-8cumn-6013-t6-t651?lang=en",
        "kind": "datasheet",
        "license": "Supplier web page (cited, not reproduced)"
      }
    },
    {
      "benchmark": "shear_strength",
      "label": "Shear strength (supplier, T651)",
      "value": 240,
      "bound": "exact",
      "unit": "MPa",
      "scope": "material",
      "conditions": {
        "temper": "T651 (page header)"
      },
      "method": "Value printed in a supplier mechanical properties table",
      "status": "ground",
      "note": "shear_strength is not a canonical name in property-canon.yaml, so it is used here as a short snake_case name.",
      "source": "referansmetal-6013",
      "where": "Mechanical Properties table, Shear strength",
      "source_detail": {
        "title": "EN AW-AlMg1Si0.8CuMn 6013 T6/T651 product data (Referansmetal)",
        "id": "ASTM B209 header; ISO AlMg1Si0.8CuMn; UNS A96013; AMS 4347 (sheet); ASTM B221",
        "url": "https://www.referansmetal.com/alasimli-aluminyum/product/309/en-aw-almg1si0-8cumn-6013-t6-t651?lang=en",
        "kind": "datasheet",
        "license": "Supplier web page (cited, not reproduced)"
      }
    },
    {
      "benchmark": "hardness_brinell",
      "label": "Hardness, Brinell (supplier, T651)",
      "value": 130,
      "bound": "exact",
      "unit": "HB",
      "scope": "material",
      "conditions": {
        "temper": "T651 (page header)"
      },
      "method": "Value printed in a supplier mechanical properties table",
      "status": "ground",
      "note": "hardness_brinell is not a canonical name in property-canon.yaml, so it is used here as a short snake_case name.",
      "source": "referansmetal-6013",
      "where": "Mechanical Properties table, Hardness",
      "source_detail": {
        "title": "EN AW-AlMg1Si0.8CuMn 6013 T6/T651 product data (Referansmetal)",
        "id": "ASTM B209 header; ISO AlMg1Si0.8CuMn; UNS A96013; AMS 4347 (sheet); ASTM B221",
        "url": "https://www.referansmetal.com/alasimli-aluminyum/product/309/en-aw-almg1si0-8cumn-6013-t6-t651?lang=en",
        "kind": "datasheet",
        "license": "Supplier web page (cited, not reproduced)"
      }
    },
    {
      "benchmark": "yield_strength",
      "label": "Yield strength at 0.200 % strain, 6013-T8 minimum",
      "value": 379,
      "bound": "lower",
      "unit": "MPa",
      "scope": "material",
      "conditions": {
        "temper": "T8",
        "thickness": "38.13 to 82.5 mm (1.501 to 3.25 in)",
        "unit_in_source": "≥ 379 MPa; 55000 psi"
      },
      "method": "Minimum value printed in a materials data table (section 6013-T8)",
      "status": "ground",
      "source": "azom-6013",
      "where": "Mechanical Properties (6013-T8) table, Yield strength (@strain 0.200 %)",
      "source_detail": {
        "title": "6013 Aluminium Alloy Properties (AZoM article 8611), section 6013-T8 physical, mechanical and thermal tables",
        "id": "UNS A96013; AMS 4347 equivalent",
        "url": "https://www.azom.com/article.aspx?ArticleID=8611",
        "kind": "web",
        "license": "AZoM web article (cited, not reproduced)"
      }
    },
    {
      "benchmark": "ultimate_tensile_strength",
      "label": "Tensile strength, 6013-T8 minimum",
      "value": 392,
      "bound": "lower",
      "unit": "MPa",
      "scope": "material",
      "conditions": {
        "temper": "T8",
        "thickness": "38.13 to 82.5 mm (1.501 to 3.25 in)",
        "unit_in_source": "≥ 392 MPa; 56900 psi"
      },
      "method": "Minimum value printed in a materials data table (section 6013-T8)",
      "status": "ground",
      "source": "azom-6013",
      "where": "Mechanical Properties (6013-T8) table, Tensile strength",
      "source_detail": {
        "title": "6013 Aluminium Alloy Properties (AZoM article 8611), section 6013-T8 physical, mechanical and thermal tables",
        "id": "UNS A96013; AMS 4347 equivalent",
        "url": "https://www.azom.com/article.aspx?ArticleID=8611",
        "kind": "web",
        "license": "AZoM web article (cited, not reproduced)"
      }
    },
    {
      "benchmark": "elongation",
      "label": "Elongation at break, 6013-T8 minimum",
      "value": 5,
      "bound": "lower",
      "unit": "%",
      "scope": "material",
      "conditions": {
        "temper": "T8",
        "thickness": "3.17 to 19 mm (0.125 to 0.749 in)"
      },
      "method": "Minimum value printed in a materials data table (section 6013-T8)",
      "status": "ground",
      "source": "azom-6013",
      "where": "Mechanical Properties (6013-T8) table, Elongation at break",
      "source_detail": {
        "title": "6013 Aluminium Alloy Properties (AZoM article 8611), section 6013-T8 physical, mechanical and thermal tables",
        "id": "UNS A96013; AMS 4347 equivalent",
        "url": "https://www.azom.com/article.aspx?ArticleID=8611",
        "kind": "web",
        "license": "AZoM web article (cited, not reproduced)"
      }
    }
  ],
  "corrosion": [
    {
      "environment": "Chloride solution (3.5 % NaCl), slow strain rate test",
      "headline": "Excimer laser melting greatly increased the stress corrosion resistance of 6013 in 3.5 % NaCl.",
      "effect": "Xu, Yue and Man (2008) tested laser-treated aluminium alloy 6013 by slow strain rate testing at open-circuit and at constant anodic potential in 3.5 % NaCl. The abstract says the resistance was greatly increased by excimer laser melting. It gives no numbers, does not state the temper, and does not give an untreated baseline.",
      "rating": "unknown",
      "conditions": {
        "temper": "not stated",
        "test": "slow strain rate test at open-circuit and constant anodic potential",
        "electrolyte": "3.5 % NaCl solution"
      },
      "source": "xu2008-6013",
      "where": "Abstract (publication page at PolyU research portal)"
    }
  ],
  "risks": {
    "hazards": [
      {
        "text": "Hydro's safety data sheet for 6xxx series wrought products, which names 6013, lists the solid product as not classified under GHS-US/CA and says it is physiologically inert in its massive form. Dust and fumes made during use may pose a physiological hazard if inhaled or ingested. Chips, fine turnings and processing dust may be toxic to aquatic life.",
        "ghs": [],
        "source": "hydro-sds-6xxx",
        "where": "Sections 2.1, 2.2 and 2.3"
      }
    ],
    "failure_risks": [
      {
        "mode": "Dust or chip ignition during machining or processing",
        "trigger": "Dust, chips or ribbons formed by improper machining, or finely divided and damp material",
        "consequence": "Hydro says dust, chips or ribbons can be ignited more easily by an ignition source, and that user-generated dust is easily ignited and difficult to extinguish.",
        "severity": "moderate",
        "source": "hydro-sds-6xxx",
        "where": "Section 2.3 and Section 5.2 Fire Hazard"
      }
    ],
    "side_effects": [],
    "handling": [
      {
        "text": "Do not use water on molten material, since it may react violently or explosively on contact with water (Hydro SDS, Section 5.1). Do not allow water or moist air to contact the material during processing, and minimise dust generation (Section 7.1).",
        "source": "hydro-sds-6xxx",
        "where": "Sections 5.1 and 7.1"
      },
      {
        "text": "Avoid breathing metal dust and fumes, and avoid skin and eye contact with dusts (Hydro SDS, Section 2.3).",
        "source": "hydro-sds-6xxx",
        "where": "Section 2.3"
      }
    ],
    "mitigations": []
  },
  "uses": [
    {
      "application": "structures",
      "device": "Aerospace components (general statement)",
      "example": "AZoM says the alloy is chiefly used in aerospace applications. The ASM Alloy Digest entry describes it as a high-strength Al-Mg-Si-Cu alloy for aerospace, defense, automotive and general structural use, in five tempers.",
      "source": "azom-6013",
      "where": "Applications text; see also asm-6013-digest abstract"
    },
    {
      "application": "mechanisms",
      "device": "Valves, hydraulic parts and braking parts",
      "example": "Wikipedia lists valves, machine parts, munitions, ABS braking systems, hydraulic applications and roller blade parts as uses of 6013.",
      "source": "wikipedia-6013",
      "where": "Applications section"
    }
  ],
  "supply": [
    {
      "subject": "Aluminium (primary smelter production, 2025 estimate)",
      "producers": [
        {
          "country": "China",
          "share_percent": 60.8,
          "year": 2025
        },
        {
          "country": "India",
          "share_percent": 5.7,
          "year": 2025
        },
        {
          "country": "Russia",
          "share_percent": 5.3,
          "year": 2025
        },
        {
          "country": "Canada",
          "share_percent": 4.5,
          "year": 2025
        },
        {
          "country": "United Arab Emirates",
          "share_percent": 3.6,
          "year": 2025
        }
      ],
      "critical_lists": [],
      "recycling": "USGS: in 2025 about 3.6 million tons of aluminium was recovered from purchased scrap in the United States, about 56 % from new scrap and 44 % from old scrap. Recovered old scrap was equivalent to about 28 % of apparent consumption.",
      "substitutes": [
        "USGS: composites can substitute for aluminium in aircraft fuselages and wings; composites, magnesium, steel and titanium can substitute in ground transportation; copper can replace aluminium in electrical and heat-exchange applications."
      ],
      "source": "usgs-mcs2026-aluminum",
      "where": "World Smelter Production and Capacity table, smelter production 2025e (world total 74,000 thousand t, rounded; country shares calculated by Space Mushroom from China 45,000, India 4,200, Russia 3,900, Canada 3,300 and UAE 2,700); Domestic Production and Use; Recycling; Substitutes"
    }
  ],
  "media": [],
  "documents": [
    {
      "title": "Wikipedia: 6013 aluminium alloy",
      "type": "database",
      "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/6013_aluminium_alloy"
    },
    {
      "title": "AZoM: 6013 aluminium alloy properties (article 8611)",
      "type": "database",
      "url": "https://www.azom.com/article.aspx?ArticleID=8611"
    },
    {
      "title": "Referansmetal: EN AW-AlMg1Si0.8CuMn 6013 T6/T651 datasheet",
      "type": "datasheet",
      "url": "https://www.referansmetal.com/alasimli-aluminyum/product/309/en-aw-almg1si0-8cumn-6013-t6-t651?lang=en"
    },
    {
      "title": "BS EN 4313:2005, Aerospace series, Aluminium alloy AL-P6013-T6, sheet and strip 0.5 mm to 6 mm",
      "type": "standard",
      "url": "https://knowledge.bsigroup.com/products/aerospace-series-aluminium-aloy-al-p6013-t6-sheet-and-strip-0-5-mm-a-6-mm"
    },
    {
      "title": "SAE AMS4216C: Aluminum alloy sheet 6013-T6",
      "type": "standard",
      "url": "https://saemobilus.sae.org/content/ams4216c/"
    },
    {
      "title": "ASM Alloy Digest Al-282: Alcoa Aluminum Alloy 6013 (1988)",
      "type": "paper",
      "url": "https://dl.asminternational.org/alloy-digest/article/37/7/Al-282/5204/ALCOA-ALUMINUM-ALLOY-6013High-Strength-Aluminum",
      "year": 1988
    },
    {
      "title": "Hydro safety data sheet: Wrought Aluminum Products, 6xxx Series Alloys (revision 2018)",
      "type": "sds",
      "url": "https://www.hydro.com/globalassets/01-products--services/extruded-profiles/americas/ena-resources/safety-data-sheets/8-668-6xxx-series.pdf",
      "year": 2018
    },
    {
      "title": "USGS Mineral Commodity Summaries 2026: Aluminum",
      "type": "report",
      "url": "https://pubs.usgs.gov/periodicals/mcs2026/mcs2026-aluminum.pdf",
      "year": 2026
    },
    {
      "title": "Xu, Yue and Man, Stress corrosion cracking behaviour of excimer laser treated aluminium alloy 6013, Materials Transactions 49(8), 2008",
      "type": "paper",
      "url": "https://research.polyu.edu.hk/en/publications/stress-corrosion-cracking-behaviour-of-excimer-laser-treated-alum/",
      "year": 2008
    }
  ],
  "gaps": [
    "Aircraft skin: none of the pages opened in this run names 6013 as aircraft skin. The ASM Alloy Digest full text is paywalled. The category says aircraft skin, but this is not confirmed by a source.",
    "Spacecraft, rocket and satellite use of 6013: no source opened names it. Search results named aluminium-lithium alloys for launch and crew vehicles, not 6013, so they are not recorded.",
    "T6 temper mechanical values: the TW Metals, MakeItFrom and Aalco pages were blocked (403, 403, 404), so no T6 values are recorded. The T651 (supplier) and T8 (AZoM) values are recorded instead, with their temper.",
    "Elastic modulus: Wikipedia gives 69 GPa with no temper, and the supplier gives 71 GPa. Only the 71 GPa value is recorded.",
    "Fatigue strength of 98 to 140 MPa (Wikipedia) has no temper or test condition, so it is not recorded.",
    "Electrical conductivity: the supplier page prints '%38 IACS' under an electrical resistivity label, so it is not recorded as either.",
    "Fracture toughness, fatigue crack growth, and stress corrosion data for T6 or T651 were not opened. Braun's 6XXX series study returned HTTP 405 when fetched, and no numeric value was recorded from search snippets.",
    "Corrosion for 6013 in air or seawater: no value was opened. The Xu et al. abstract is qualitative and gives no numbers.",
    "Melting range (solidus and liquidus): only a single melting point of 579 °C is printed in the supplier table.",
    "Designations W.Nr and EN AW (EN 6013 number): not printed on any page opened. A search snippet tied 3.3214 to 6061, and a snippet named EN AW-6013 on a page that was blocked, so neither is recorded.",
    "Critical minerals list status for aluminium: the USGS aluminum text opened does not state it, so no list entry is recorded.",
    "Processing route (casting, homogenising, rolling or extrusion): not described in any page opened, so the recipe line gives only the composition.",
    "PubChem GHS record for aluminium could not be read (reCAPTCHA). The Hydro SDS is used for hazards instead.",
    "Radiation effects, atomic oxygen erosion, outgassing and cold welding for 6013: not looked up.",
    "Hardness and shear strength use snake_case names (hardness_brinell, shear_strength) because they are not in property-canon.yaml."
  ],
  "story": {
    "why": "6013 is an Al-Mg-Si-Cu wrought alloy with a density of 2.71 g/cm3 in both the supplier page and AZoM. AZoM says it is chiefly used in aerospace applications. In the T651 temper the supplier lists a yield strength of 350 MPa and a tensile strength of 410 MPa, and for the T8 temper AZoM gives minimum values of 379 MPa yield and 392 MPa tensile for thick sheet and plate. The alloy is recorded here with its designations, and its use in aircraft skin, spacecraft and rockets is not confirmed by any source opened in this run.",
    "uses": [
      {
        "where": "Aerospace and general structural",
        "line": "AZoM says the alloy is chiefly used in aerospace applications. The ASM Alloy Digest entry, an Alcoa datasheet from 1988, lists aerospace, defense, automotive and general structural use, in five tempers."
      },
      {
        "where": "Valves, hydraulic and braking parts",
        "line": "Wikipedia lists valves, machine parts, munitions, ABS braking systems, hydraulic applications and roller blade parts as uses of 6013."
      }
    ],
    "can_do": [
      {
        "label": "Light structure",
        "line": "Density is 2.71 g/cm3 on the supplier page and in the AZoM 6013-T8 table.",
        "benchmark": "density",
        "scope": "material",
        "value": "2.71 g/cm3"
      },
      {
        "label": "Strength in T651",
        "line": "In the T651 temper the supplier lists a yield strength of 350 MPa, a tensile strength of 410 MPa and 4 % elongation at A50 mm.",
        "benchmark": "yield_strength",
        "scope": "material",
        "value": "350 MPa yield"
      },
      {
        "label": "Strength in T8",
        "line": "AZoM gives minimum values for 6013-T8 of 379 MPa yield and 392 MPa tensile for thicknesses of 38.13 to 82.5 mm.",
        "benchmark": "yield_strength",
        "scope": "material",
        "value": "at least 379 MPa yield"
      },
      {
        "label": "Stiffness",
        "line": "The modulus of elasticity is 71 GPa on the supplier page.",
        "benchmark": "elastic_modulus",
        "scope": "material",
        "value": "71 GPa"
      }
    ],
    "compare": "The two sources agree on density at 2.71 g/cm3, but they disagree on thermal expansion: the supplier page gives 21.7 µm/m°C with no temper stated, and AZoM gives 23.4 µm/m°C for the T8 temper. The T651 and T8 strengths come from different tempers and thicknesses, so they are not a ranking of the alloy. Read the table rows as examples, not as a comparison with another alloy.",
    "compare_rows": [
      {
        "label": "Density",
        "benchmark": "density",
        "scope": "material"
      },
      {
        "label": "Thermal conductivity",
        "benchmark": "thermal_conductivity",
        "scope": "material"
      },
      {
        "label": "Thermal expansion",
        "benchmark": "cte",
        "scope": "material"
      }
    ],
    "handling": [
      "Specify the temper, because the T651 and T8 values in this profile differ and both are for different conditions.",
      "Keep dust and chips away from ignition sources, and avoid water on molten metal (Hydro SDS).",
      "Avoid breathing dust and fumes from processing (Hydro SDS)."
    ],
    "good_for": [
      "Light structural aluminium with 2.71 g/cm3 density and 350 MPa yield in the T651 temper (supplier page).",
      "Aerospace-oriented use, as stated by AZoM."
    ],
    "watch_out": [
      "Dust and chips can ignite during machining (Hydro SDS).",
      "Thermal expansion differs between sources: 21.7 and 23.4 µm/m°C.",
      "No aircraft skin, spacecraft or rocket use is confirmed by a source opened in this run.",
      "No fatigue, fracture-toughness or T6 temper data was opened."
    ],
    "verdict": "6013 is a light Al-Mg-Si-Cu alloy with a density of 2.71 g/cm3 and, in the T651 temper, a yield strength of 350 MPa. AZoM says it is chiefly used in aerospace applications. Dust and chips from processing are the main hazard. Aircraft skin, spacecraft use, T6 values and fatigue data are not confirmed by the sources in this profile.",
    "recipe": {
      "line": "6013 is a wrought Al-Mg-Si-Cu alloy with aluminium as the balance. The printed ranges are magnesium 0.80 to 1.20, silicon 0.60 to 1.00, copper 0.60 to 1.10 and manganese 0.20 to 0.80 wt%. The processing route is not described in any page opened in this run.",
      "parts": [
        {
          "name": "Aluminium",
          "symbol": "Al",
          "role": "The matrix metal; the remainder after the alloying elements."
        },
        {
          "name": "Magnesium",
          "symbol": "Mg",
          "role": "Alloying element (Referansmetal chemical properties table)."
        },
        {
          "name": "Silicon",
          "symbol": "Si",
          "role": "Alloying element (Referansmetal chemical properties table)."
        },
        {
          "name": "Copper",
          "symbol": "Cu",
          "role": "Alloying element (Referansmetal chemical properties table)."
        },
        {
          "name": "Manganese",
          "symbol": "Mn",
          "role": "Alloying element (Referansmetal chemical properties table)."
        }
      ]
    },
    "risk_groups": [
      {
        "title": "For people",
        "lead": "The Hydro safety data sheet for the 6xxx series, which names 6013, does not classify the solid metal. The hazard is dust and fume made during processing.",
        "points": [
          {
            "label": "Solid metal",
            "line": "The Hydro sheet says the product is not classified under GHS-US/CA and is physiologically inert in its massive form."
          },
          {
            "label": "Dust and fume",
            "line": "User-generated dust and fumes may pose a physiological hazard if inhaled or ingested, and chips and fine turnings may be toxic to aquatic life."
          }
        ],
        "level": 1,
        "verdict": "Low as a solid, higher as dust"
      },
      {
        "title": "If it fails",
        "lead": "The sources opened for this profile give one failure route for the metal itself, which is fire from dust and chips. The corrosion source is a laboratory study, not a field result.",
        "points": [
          {
            "label": "Dust and chips",
            "line": "Dust, chips or ribbons can be ignited more easily by an ignition source, by improper machining, or by spontaneous combustion if finely divided and damp."
          },
          {
            "label": "Corrosion",
            "line": "Xu and co-workers found that excimer laser melting greatly increased the stress corrosion resistance of 6013 in 3.5 % NaCl. The abstract gives no numbers and no untreated baseline."
          }
        ]
      },
      {
        "title": "Handling and storage",
        "points": [
          {
            "label": "Water and molten metal",
            "line": "Do not use water on molten material, since it may react violently or explosively on contact with water."
          },
          {
            "label": "Moisture during processing",
            "line": "Keep water and moist air away from the material during processing, and minimise dust."
          }
        ]
      }
    ]
  },
  "updated": "2026-10-26",
  "review": {
    "status": "draft",
    "method": "assistant",
    "checked_values": 16,
    "unreachable": 4,
    "caveats": 6,
    "note": "Values were read by an AI assistant on 2026-10-26 from the pages named in each entry. Unreachable: TW Metals (403), MakeItFrom (403), Aalco (404), Braun 6XXX SCC paper (405), PubChem (reCAPTCHA). Caveats: T651 and T8 values come from different tempers and must not be compared as one set; the thermal expansion values disagree; the 6013 T6 values were not recorded; the corrosion entry is qualitative; the hazard entry is for the 6xxx series SDS, which names 6013 among its alloys."
  },
  "sources": {
    "wikipedia-6013": {
      "title": "6013 aluminium alloy (Wikipedia)",
      "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/6013_aluminium_alloy",
      "kind": "web",
      "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0 (cited, not reproduced)"
    },
    "azom-6013": {
      "title": "6013 Aluminium Alloy Properties (AZoM article 8611), section 6013-T8 physical, mechanical and thermal tables",
      "id": "UNS A96013; AMS 4347 equivalent",
      "url": "https://www.azom.com/article.aspx?ArticleID=8611",
      "kind": "web",
      "license": "AZoM web article (cited, not reproduced)"
    },
    "referansmetal-6013": {
      "title": "EN AW-AlMg1Si0.8CuMn 6013 T6/T651 product data (Referansmetal)",
      "id": "ASTM B209 header; ISO AlMg1Si0.8CuMn; UNS A96013; AMS 4347 (sheet); ASTM B221",
      "url": "https://www.referansmetal.com/alasimli-aluminyum/product/309/en-aw-almg1si0-8cumn-6013-t6-t651?lang=en",
      "kind": "datasheet",
      "license": "Supplier web page (cited, not reproduced)"
    },
    "bsi-en4313": {
      "title": "BS EN 4313:2005 Aerospace series, Aluminium alloy AL-P6013-T6, sheet and strip 0.5 mm to 6 mm",
      "id": "ISBN 0 580 46307 9",
      "url": "https://knowledge.bsigroup.com/products/aerospace-series-aluminium-aloy-al-p6013-t6-sheet-and-strip-0-5-mm-a-6-mm",
      "kind": "standard",
      "license": "BSI product page (cited, not reproduced)"
    },
    "sae-ams4216c": {
      "title": "AMS4216C Aluminum Alloy, Sheet 1.0Mg - 0.8Si - 0.8Cu - 0.50Mn (6013-T6) Solution Heat Treated and Artificially Aged",
      "url": "https://saemobilus.sae.org/content/ams4216c/",
      "kind": "standard",
      "license": "SAE product page (cited, not reproduced)"
    },
    "asm-6013-digest": {
      "title": "Alcoa Aluminum Alloy 6013 High Strength Aluminum, ASM Alloy Digest Al-282 (1988)",
      "id": "DOI 10.31399/asm.ad.al0282",
      "url": "https://dl.asminternational.org/alloy-digest/article/37/7/Al-282/5204/ALCOA-ALUMINUM-ALLOY-6013High-Strength-Aluminum",
      "kind": "paper",
      "license": "ASM Digital Library (abstract only read; cited, not reproduced)"
    },
    "hydro-sds-6xxx": {
      "title": "Safety Data Sheet: Wrought Aluminum Products, 6xxx Series Alloys (Hydro, revision 07/02/2018)",
      "url": "https://www.hydro.com/globalassets/01-products--services/extruded-profiles/americas/ena-resources/safety-data-sheets/8-668-6xxx-series.pdf",
      "kind": "datasheet",
      "license": "Manufacturer safety data sheet (cited, not reproduced)"
    },
    "usgs-mcs2026-aluminum": {
      "title": "Mineral Commodity Summaries 2026, Aluminum",
      "url": "https://pubs.usgs.gov/periodicals/mcs2026/mcs2026-aluminum.pdf",
      "year": 2026,
      "kind": "report",
      "license": "public domain (USGS)"
    },
    "xu2008-6013": {
      "title": "Stress corrosion cracking behaviour of excimer laser treated aluminium alloy 6013 (Xu, Yue, Man), Materials Transactions 49(8), 1836-1843",
      "url": "https://research.polyu.edu.hk/en/publications/stress-corrosion-cracking-behaviour-of-excimer-laser-treated-alum/",
      "year": 2008,
      "kind": "paper",
      "license": "Abstract read via publication page (cited, not reproduced)"
    }
  },
  "license": "CC-BY-4.0",
  "url": "https://spacemushroom.com/profiles/aluminium-6013/"
}