Stainless steel 410S 410S (UNS S41008)
Fe balance, 11.5 to 13.5 Cr, max 0.08 C, max 1.0 Mn, max 1.0 Si, max 0.6 Ni, max 0.04 P, max 0.03 S, max 0.20 Ti optional (wt%, as printed by Combined Metals
Also known as UNS S41008, EN 1.4000, JIS SUS410S, AISI 410S, ASTM A240
Type 410S is the low-carbon modification of Type 410, with 11.5 to 13.5 percent chromium and at most 0.08 percent carbon.
Evidence level
2 of 5
Lab-measured
- 0Predicted only. No one has made it, or no measurement exists.
- 1Calculated. Only calculated or predicted values from sources.
- 2Lab-measured. Measured properties with their conditions stated.
- 3Space-relevant tests. Measured in conditions relevant to space, such as vacuum or atomic oxygen.
- 4Ground-qualified. Qualified for an application on the ground.
- 5Flown or field-proven. Flight or field results exist.
Recipe, share of the weight
- Fe balance (the rest)Iron
- Cr 11.5 to 13.5%Chromium
- C 0 to 0.08%Carbon
- Mn 0 to 1%Manganese
- Si 0 to 1%Silicon
- Ni 0 to 0.6%Nickel
- Ti 0 to 0.2%Titanium
- P 0 to 0.04%Phosphorus
- S 0 to 0.03%Sulfur
Best for
Ferromagnetic, weldable stainless parts for hot or mildly corrosive service, such as distillation trays, tower packing and exhaust components, where the 410 hardening response is not wanted
Weakest at
Chloride and marine service (no 410S test data was found), and room-temperature brittleness in thick sections (Jacquet)
Risk at a glance
- People Low. Element records flag sensitising and irritant hazards
- If it fails Moderate. Brittleness at room temperature in thick sections
- Corrosion Moderate. Vendor wording says 410S has excellent corrosion resistance in many environments and is a favourable choice for corrosive service.
Quick facts: 410S (UNS S41008)
| Property | Value | Basis |
|---|---|---|
| Density | 7.73 g/cm³ | 1 sourced value |
| Yield strength | 207 to 290 MPa | 3 sourced values across conditions |
| Tensile strength | 414 to 448 MPa | 3 sourced values across conditions |
| Young's modulus | 200 GPa | 1 sourced value |
| Thermal conductivity | 26.9 W/(m·K) | 1 sourced value |
| Thermal expansion (CTE) | 10.8 to 13.5 ppm/K | 3 sourced values across conditions |
| Melting point | 1,480 to 1,530 °C | 1 sourced value |
| Specific heat | 460 J/(kg·K) | 1 sourced value |
| Electrical resistivity | 6.0e-7 Ω·m | 1 sourced value |
| Maximum service temperature | 705 °C | 1 sourced value |
What is the density of Stainless steel 410S?
Stainless steel 410S has a density of 7.73 g/cm³. The source and test conditions are listed in the properties table on this page.
What is the thermal conductivity of Stainless steel 410S?
Stainless steel 410S has a thermal conductivity of 26.9 W/(m·K). The source and test conditions are listed in the properties table on this page.
What is the coefficient of thermal expansion of Stainless steel 410S?
Stainless steel 410S has a coefficient of thermal expansion of 10.8 to 13.5 ppm/K. The range covers 3 sourced values across the tempers, forms and test conditions the sources report; room-temperature values are used where a source states a temperature.
What is the melting point of Stainless steel 410S?
Stainless steel 410S has a melting point of 1,480 to 1,530 °C. The source and test conditions are listed in the properties table on this page.
What is the yield strength of Stainless steel 410S?
Stainless steel 410S has a yield strength of 207 to 290 MPa. The range covers 3 sourced values across the tempers, forms and test conditions the sources report; room-temperature values are used where a source states a temperature.
What are the other names and codes for Stainless steel 410S?
Stainless steel 410S is also written as UNS S41008, EN 1.4000, JIS SUS410S, AISI 410S, ASTM A240. Each code is printed in the source listed beside it in the designations table.
What is Stainless steel 410S used for?
Uses recorded in the sources include Tower packing and distillation trays; Automotive exhaust components; Quenching racks.
Why it exists
Type 410S is the low-carbon form of 410 for stainless parts that must be weldable and ferromagnetic without the hardening of 410. Rolled Alloys says the low carbon keeps the alloy soft and ductile after rapid cooling from high temperature, which helps prevent cracking when it is welded or heated. Its annealed typical values are 42 ksi yield and 64.4 ksi tensile (Rolled Alloys). Its weak points are chloride service and room-temperature brittleness in thick sections.
Where it's used
Tower packing and distillation trays
Rolled Alloys, Combined Metals and Jacquet list tower packing and distillation trays as 410S applications.
Automotive exhaust components
Rolled Alloys and Jacquet list automotive exhaust components, a high-temperature use in road vehicles.
Quenching racks
Rolled Alloys lists quenching racks among its 410S applications.
Recipe
Fe balance, 11.5 to 13.5 Cr, max 0.08 C, max 1.0 Mn, max 1.0 Si, max 0.6 Ni, max 0.04 P, max 0.03 S, max 0.20 Ti optional (wt%, as printed by Combined Metals; Rolled Alloys prints max 0.6 Ni and an optional titanium or columbium addition)
Type 410S is an iron-chromium alloy with a low carbon content, about 11.5 to 13.5 percent chromium and at most 0.08 percent carbon. Rolled Alloys says the low carbon, with an optional titanium or columbium addition, minimises austenite formation at high temperatures, which restricts hardening. Combined Metals prints the same composition with a titanium maximum of 0.20 percent.
| Ingredient | Share of the weight | What it does |
|---|---|---|
| Iron Fe | balance (the rest) | The matrix of the alloy. The low carbon restricts hardening on quenching, and the alloy is ferritic when annealed (Rolled Alloys). |
| Chromium Cr | 11.5 to 13.5% | Forms the passive oxide film that gives stainless corrosion resistance. |
| Carbon C | 0 to 0.08% | Held at 0.08 percent maximum, the feature that separates 410S from 410 (Rolled Alloys). |
| Manganese Mn | 0 to 1% | Present in small amounts, maximum 1.0 percent. |
| Silicon Si | 0 to 1% | Present in small amounts, maximum 1.0 percent. |
| Nickel Ni | 0 to 0.6% | Kept low, maximum 0.6 percent. |
| Titanium Ti | 0 to 0.2% | Optional addition, maximum 0.20 percent in Combined Metals, to restrict austenite formation. |
| Phosphorus P | 0 to 0.04% | Impurity held low, maximum 0.04 percent. |
| Sulfur S | 0 to 0.03% | Impurity held low, maximum 0.03 percent. |
Weight shares are as printed in the sources.
What it can do
Strength, annealed
Typical annealed values are 42 ksi yield and 64.4 ksi tensile (Rolled Alloys). Combined Metals prints 40 ksi (276 MPa) yield and 65 ksi (448 MPa) tensile for the same annealed condition. ASTM A240 minimums are 30 ksi yield and 60 ksi tensile (Rolled Alloys).
Heat limit
Tubing supplier says 410S can be used in continuous service up to 1300 F (705 C). Scaling becomes excessive above 1500 F (811 C) in intermittent service.
Magnetism
The alloy is ferromagnetic (Rolled Alloys and Jacquet).
How it compares
Rolled Alloys says 410S is a low-carbon modification of 410 that keeps the alloy soft after rapid cooling, which lowers the weld cracking risk. Materialwelding describes both grades as martensitic, while Rolled Alloys and Jacquet describe 410S as ferritic when annealed; the datasheets are followed here.
The same measurements for each material, so you can compare them. Each row names the key condition under the value; the full conditions and methods are in the numbered notes under Technical details. Other materials are shown beside it; each was measured under its own conditions, so open its page before comparing closely. Compare every grade in the family.
| Measurement | 410S (UNS S41008) | 410 (UNS S41000) | 440C (UNS S44004) | S41500 (F6NM forged, CA6NM cast) | 416 | 420 | 431 (UNS S43100, EN 1.4057) | 1.4418 (X4CrNiMo16-5-1) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Thermal behavior and safety | ||||||||
| melting point | 1480 to 1530 °C2 | 1482 to 1532 °C | 2500 to 2700 °F | no data | 2714 °F | 2650 to 2750 °F | no data | no data |
| Thermal conductivity | 26.9 W/m-K7 | 24.9 W/m-K | 24.2 W/m.K | 25 W/(m K) | 30 W/m K | 24.9 W/(m·K) | 25 W/(m·K) | 15 W/m K |
| specific heat | 0.46 kJ/kg·K8 | 0.46 kJ/(kg·K) | no data | 430 J/(kg K) | 460 J/kg K | 460 J/(kg·K) | 460 J/(kg·K) | 430 J/kg K |
| Physical and electrical | ||||||||
| Density | 7.73 g/cm³1 | 7.73 g/cm³ | 0.275 lb/in3 | 7.61 to 8.1 kg/dm3 | 7.7 kg/dm3 | 7.75 g/cm³ | 7800 kg/m3 | 7.7 kg/dm3 |
| electrical resistivity | 60 µohm-cm9 | 57 µohm-cm | 0.6 10-6 ohm.m | no data | 0.6 Ω mm2/m | 0.55 µΩ·m | 0.7 ohm mm2/m | no data |
| hardness | < 89 HRB20 | < 217 HB | 60 HRC | < 320 HB | no data | no data | no data | < 320 HB |
| hardness | 75 HRB21 | < 217 HB | 60 HRC | < 320 HB | no data | no data | no data | < 320 HB |
| Other measurements | ||||||||
| elastic modulus | 200 GPa3 | 200 GPa | 200 GPa | 200 GPa | 200 GPa | 200 GPa | 215 kN/mm2 | 200 GPa |
| Thermal expansion (CTE) | 10.8 µm/m·K4 | 9.9 µm/m-°C | 10.1 10-6/K | no data | 10.5 10^-6/K | 10.3 10^-6/K | 10 ppm/K | 10.8 10-6 K-1 |
| Thermal expansion (CTE) | 12.2 µm/m·K5 | 9.9 µm/m-°C | 10.1 10-6/K | no data | 10.5 10^-6/K | 10.3 10^-6/K | 10 ppm/K | 10.8 10-6 K-1 |
| Thermal expansion (CTE) | 13.5 µm/m·K6 | 9.9 µm/m-°C | 10.1 10-6/K | no data | 10.5 10^-6/K | 10.3 10^-6/K | 10 ppm/K | 10.8 10-6 K-1 |
| Maximum service temperature | < 705 °C10 | < 649 °C | 400 °C | 300 °C | 675 °C | < 675 °C | 400 °C | 300 °C |
| yield strength | > 30 ksi11 | 205 to 290 MPa | 1896 MPa | > 520 MPa | > 450 MPa | 51.5 ksi | 600 MPa | > 550 MPa |
| yield strength | 42 ksi12 | 205 to 290 MPa | 1896 MPa | > 520 MPa | > 450 MPa | 51.5 ksi | 600 MPa | > 550 MPa |
| yield strength | 276 MPa13 | 205 to 290 MPa | 1896 MPa | > 520 MPa | > 450 MPa | 51.5 ksi | 600 MPa | > 550 MPa |
| ultimate tensile strength | > 60 ksi14 | 450 to 510 MPa | 1965 MPa | < 1100 MPa | 650 to 850 N/mm2 | 85.8 ksi | 862 MPa | 760 to 960 MPa |
| ultimate tensile strength | 64.4 ksi15 | 450 to 510 MPa | 1965 MPa | < 1100 MPa | 650 to 850 N/mm2 | 85.8 ksi | 862 MPa | 760 to 960 MPa |
| ultimate tensile strength | 448 MPa16 | 450 to 510 MPa | 1965 MPa | < 1100 MPa | 650 to 850 N/mm2 | 85.8 ksi | 862 MPa | 760 to 960 MPa |
| elongation | > 22 %17 | 20 to 34 % | 2 % | 15 % | > 12 % | 12 to 13 % | 20 % | > 16 % |
| elongation | 33 %18 | 20 to 34 % | 2 % | 15 % | > 12 % | 12 to 13 % | 20 % | > 16 % |
| elongation | 30 %19 | 20 to 34 % | 2 % | 15 % | > 12 % | 12 to 13 % | 20 % | > 16 % |
Why choose it, and why not
Good for
- Weldable, ferromagnetic stainless parts that do not need the hardening of 410 (Rolled Alloys, Combined Metals).
- Parts used up to 705 C in continuous service, where scaling resistance is needed (tubing supplier).
- Process-plant parts such as tower packing and distillation trays (Rolled Alloys, Combined Metals, Jacquet).
Watch out for
- Chloride and marine service, where no 410S test data was found.
- Thick sections at room temperature, which may be brittle (Jacquet).
- Annealed and hardened values differ, so compare only like with like.
Type 410S is the weldable, ferromagnetic choice in the 410 family for hot or mildly corrosive service. It trades the hardening of 410 for weldability, and it has no chloride test data in this file.
Technical details
For scientists and researchers. Everything above comes from the record below: every number with its method, its conditions and its source.
Other names and standards
The same grade under other systems, as datasheets and standards print them. Each code was checked against the page it comes from.
| System | Codes |
|---|---|
| UNS | S41008 |
| EN | 1.4000 |
| JIS | SUS410S |
| AISI | 410S |
| ASTM | A240 (sheet, strip and plate) |
Notes
The method, full conditions and any caveat for the numbered rows above.
| # | Measurement | Method | Conditions | Caveat |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Density | Material datasheet, At 20 C column, printed as 7.73 g/cm3 | temperature 20 C (At 20 C column) | — |
| 2 | melting point | Physical properties table, Melting Range row, printed as 1480-1530 °C | basis melting range as printed, 2700 to 2790 F | — |
| 3 | elastic modulus | Physical properties table, At 20 C column, printed as 200 GPa | temperature 20 C (At 20 C column) | — |
| 4 | Thermal expansion (CTE) | Physical properties table, SI column, row for 32 to 212 F (0 to 100 C) | temperature 0 to 100 C (32 to 212 F)basis mean coefficient, printed as 6.0 x 10-6 in/in/F and 10.8 µm/m·K | — |
| 5 | Thermal expansion (CTE) | Physical properties table, SI column, row for 32 to 1000 F (0 to 538 C) | temperature 0 to 538 C (32 to 1000 F)basis mean coefficient, printed as 6.7 x 10-6 in/in/F | — |
| 6 | Thermal expansion (CTE) | Physical properties table, SI column, row for 32 to 1200 F (0 to 649 C) | temperature 0 to 649 C (32 to 1200 F)basis mean coefficient, printed as 7.5 x 10-6 in/in/F | — |
| 7 | Thermal conductivity | Physical properties table, printed as 187 Btu·in/hr·ft²·°F (212 F) and 26.9 W/m·K (100 C) | temperature 100 C (212 F) | — |
| 8 | specific heat | Physical properties table, printed as 0.11 Btu/lb·F and 0.46 kJ/kg·K at 68 F (20 C) | temperature 20 C (68 F) | — |
| 9 | electrical resistivity | Physical properties table, At 20 C column, printed as 60 µohm-cm | temperature 20 C (At 20 C column) | — |
| 10 | Maximum service temperature | Oxidation Resistance page, printed as 'can be used in continuous service up to 1300°F (705°C)' | basis continuous service limit, printed as 1300 F (705 C) | — |
| 11 | yield strength | Mechanical properties table, Minimum (Plate) column, 0.2 percent yield printed as 30 ksi | condition not printedbasis minimum, plate | — |
| 12 | yield strength | Mechanical properties table, Typical column, 0.2 percent yield printed as 42 ksi | condition not printedbasis typical | — |
| 13 | yield strength | Typical Room Temperature Mechanical Properties table, Annealed row, printed as 40 ksi (276 MPa) | condition annealedbasis typical, based on ASTM A240 | — |
| 14 | ultimate tensile strength | Mechanical properties table, Minimum (Plate) column, printed as 60 ksi | condition not printedbasis minimum, plate | — |
| 15 | ultimate tensile strength | Mechanical properties table, Typical column, printed as 64.4 ksi | condition not printedbasis typical | — |
| 16 | ultimate tensile strength | Typical Room Temperature Mechanical Properties table, Annealed row, printed as 65 ksi (448 MPa) | condition annealedbasis typical, based on ASTM A240 | — |
| 17 | elongation | Mechanical properties table, Minimum (Plate) column, printed as 22 percent | condition not printedbasis minimum, plate | — |
| 18 | elongation | Mechanical properties table, Typical column, printed as 33 percent | condition not printedbasis typical | — |
| 19 | elongation | Typical Room Temperature Mechanical Properties table, Annealed row, printed as 30% | condition annealedgauge 2 in (50.8 mm)basis typical, based on ASTM A240 | — |
| 20 | hardness | Mechanical properties table, Minimum (Plate) column, Hardness row | condition not printedbasis maximum, plate, printed as Rb 89 (max) | — |
| 21 | hardness | Mechanical properties table, Typical column, printed as Rb 75 | condition not printedbasis typical | — |
Corrosion and compatibility
What happens when it meets other materials and environments.
| Environment | Concern | What happens |
|---|---|---|
| Fresh water, atmosphere and mild acids | moderate | Vendor wording says 410S has excellent corrosion resistance in many environments and is a favourable choice for corrosive service.1 |
| Scaling and oxidation in hot service | low | Tubing supplier says 410S oxidation resistance is good, with continuous service up to 705 C.2 |
| # | Environment | Details | Test conditions |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Fresh water, atmosphere and mild acids | Materialwelding says 410S and 410 both resist corrosion well in many environments, and that the low carbon of 410S improves resistance to intergranular corrosion. No measured corrosion rate was read, so the rating is a judgement from that wording. | temperature not printedservice general corrosive service, no test data |
| 2 | Scaling and oxidation in hot service | The supplier page says the oxidation resistance of 410S is good, that it can be used in continuous service up to 1300 F (705 C), and that scaling becomes excessive above 1500 F (811 C) in intermittent service. | temperature up to 705 C continuous; scaling above 811 C intermittent |
Risks and side effects
Hazards to people, what happens when a cell overheats, and how the material is handled and stored.
For people
No safety data sheet for 410S was read. The PubChem record for elemental chromium is the only hazard source here.
- Chromium
- PubChem notifications for elemental chromium include H317, H319, H320 and H334 (H334 with signal word Danger), plus H335, H341, H371, H400 and H410 in other notifications.
In the environment
The sources give no chloride or marine test for 410S, so this service is a gap rather than a rating.
- Chloride
- No 410S chloride or pitting data was read in this run, so no chloride rating is given.
- Fresh water
- Materialwelding says 410S has excellent corrosion resistance in many environments and that its low carbon improves intergranular resistance.
Welding and heat
The low carbon keeps the steel soft after welding, but heat history still matters.
- Weldability
- Rolled Alloys says 410S has increased weldability over 410 and remains soft and ductile even when rapidly cooled from above the critical temperature.
- Thick sections
- Jacquet says thick sections may be brittle at room temperature because of the ductile-to-brittle transition.
Test details
The original wording and numbers from the sources, for readers who want them.
Failure risks
| Failure | Trigger and consequence |
|---|---|
| Brittleness at room temperature in thick sectionsmoderate severity | Thick sections, with the ductile-to-brittle transition depending on thickness, heat treatment, configuration and loading rateJacquet says ferritic and martensitic stainless steels show a ductile-to-brittle transition as temperature is reduced, and that thick sections may be brittle at room temperature. |
Handling and storage
- Rolled Alloys says 410S has increased weldability over 410 because the low carbon limits hardening. The material remains soft and ductile even when it is rapidly cooled from above the critical temperature.
- Combined Metals says the non-hardening characteristic hinders cracking when the steel is welded.
- The alloy is ferromagnetic (Rolled Alloys) and magnetic permeability is printed as ferromagnetic (Jacquet).
Mitigations
- Use 410S where welding or exposure to high temperature is expected, because it resists the hardening that makes 410 crack after welding (Rolled Alloys).
Supply and geography
How common the raw materials are and where they come from.
Chromium
World mine production was about 51,000 thousand t (chromium content, 2025 estimated). World resources are greater than 12 billion t of shipping-grade chromite, 95 percent in Kazakhstan and southern Africa (USGS 2026).
- Top producers (2025)
- South Africa 45.1%, Turkey 17.6%, Kazakhstan 13.7%, India 5.9%, Brazil 3.9%, Zimbabwe 3.9%, Finland 3.7%
- Recycling
- Recycled chromium in stainless-steel scrap receipts was 21 percent of US apparent consumption in 2025.
- Substitutes
- Chromium has no substitute in stainless steel, the leading end use (USGS 2026).
Chromium import reliance
US net import reliance was 79 percent of apparent consumption in 2025. Chromite ore imports 2021 to 2024: South Africa 96 percent, Turkey 3 percent, other 1 percent (USGS 2026).
- Recycling
- Recycled chromium was 21 percent of US apparent consumption in 2025.
Documents
Datasheets, safety data sheets, papers and standards you can open.
Full record
The complete spore, as stored. Free to reuse under CC-BY-4.0. Images keep the licence shown with each one.
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spore: profile
id: stainless-410s
spore_version: 0.2
family: stainless-martensitic
name: Stainless steel 410S
abbreviation: 410S (UNS S41008)
role: structural alloy
category: metals
type: steels-and-stainless
summary: |
Type 410S is the low-carbon modification of Type 410, with 11.5 to 13.5 percent chromium and at most 0.08 percent carbon. Rolled Alloys says the low carbon, with an optional titanium or columbium addition, minimises austenite formation at high temperature, so the alloy stays soft and ductile after rapid cooling and is easier to weld than 410. It is ferromagnetic and completely ferritic when annealed. Typical annealed data are 42 ksi yield and 64.4 ksi tensile (Rolled Alloys), with 33 percent elongation and Rb 75 hardness. Tower packing, distillation trays, automotive exhaust components and quenching racks are the uses the sources list.
best_for: Ferromagnetic, weldable stainless parts for hot or mildly corrosive service, such as distillation trays, tower packing and exhaust components, where the 410 hardening response is not wanted
weakest_at: Chloride and marine service (no 410S test data was found), and room-temperature brittleness in thick sections (Jacquet)
identity:
formula: Fe balance, 11.5 to 13.5 Cr, max 0.08 C, max 1.0 Mn, max 1.0 Si, max 0.6 Ni, max 0.04 P, max 0.03 S, max 0.20 Ti optional (wt%, as printed by Combined Metals; Rolled Alloys prints max 0.6 Ni and an optional titanium or columbium addition)
designations:
- system: UNS
code: S41008
source: rolled-410s
where: 'Specifications line (UNS: S41008)'
- system: EN
code: '1.4000'
source: rolled-410s
where: 'Specifications line (W. Nr./EN: 1.4000)'
- system: JIS
code: SUS410S
source: totalmateria-sus410s
where: Page title (JIS SUS410S)
- system: AISI
code: 410S
source: rolled-410s
where: Page title (410S Stainless)
- system: ASTM
code: A240
note: sheet, strip and plate
source: jacquet-410s
where: Specifications and certificates section (410S material is produced to the requirements of ASTM A240)
source: rolled-410s
where: Specifications and chemical composition tables (Rolled Alloys); Combined Metals and Jacquet print the same UNS, EN and ASTM A240 codes
tags:
environments: []
stresses: []
applications:
- structures
- thermal-control
properties:
- benchmark: density
value: 7.73
unit: g/cm3
scope: material
conditions:
temperature: 20 C (At 20 C column)
method: Material datasheet, At 20 C column, printed as 7.73 g/cm3
status: ground
source: combmet-410s
where: Physical Properties table (Density row, At 20 C column)
- benchmark: melting_point
value: 1480
value_high: 1530
bound: range
unit: °C
scope: material
conditions:
basis: melting range as printed, 2700 to 2790 F
method: Physical properties table, Melting Range row, printed as 1480-1530 °C
status: ground
source: jacquet-410s
where: PHYSICAL PROPERTIES table (Melting Range row, SI column)
- benchmark: elastic_modulus
value: 200
unit: GPa
scope: material
conditions:
temperature: 20 C (At 20 C column)
method: Physical properties table, At 20 C column, printed as 200 GPa
status: ground
source: combmet-410s
where: Physical Properties table (Modulus of Elasticity row, At 20 C column)
- benchmark: cte
value: 10.8
unit: µm/m·K
scope: material
conditions:
temperature: 0 to 100 C (32 to 212 F)
basis: mean coefficient, printed as 6.0 x 10-6 in/in/F and 10.8 µm/m·K
method: Physical properties table, SI column, row for 32 to 212 F (0 to 100 C)
status: ground
source: jacquet-410s
where: PHYSICAL PROPERTIES table (Coefficient of Linear Thermal Expansion, 32-212 F row)
- benchmark: cte
value: 12.2
unit: µm/m·K
scope: material
conditions:
temperature: 0 to 538 C (32 to 1000 F)
basis: mean coefficient, printed as 6.7 x 10-6 in/in/F
method: Physical properties table, SI column, row for 32 to 1000 F (0 to 538 C)
status: ground
source: jacquet-410s
where: PHYSICAL PROPERTIES table (Coefficient of Linear Thermal Expansion, 32-1000 F row)
- benchmark: cte
value: 13.5
unit: µm/m·K
scope: material
conditions:
temperature: 0 to 649 C (32 to 1200 F)
basis: mean coefficient, printed as 7.5 x 10-6 in/in/F
method: Physical properties table, SI column, row for 32 to 1200 F (0 to 649 C)
status: ground
source: jacquet-410s
where: PHYSICAL PROPERTIES table (Coefficient of Linear Thermal Expansion, 32-1200 F row)
- benchmark: thermal_conductivity
value: 26.9
unit: W/m-K
scope: material
conditions:
temperature: 100 C (212 F)
method: Physical properties table, printed as 187 Btu·in/hr·ft²·°F (212 F) and 26.9 W/m·K (100 C)
status: ground
source: jacquet-410s
where: PHYSICAL PROPERTIES table (Thermal Conductivity 212 F (100 C) row, SI column)
- benchmark: specific_heat
value: 0.46
unit: kJ/kg·K
scope: material
conditions:
temperature: 20 C (68 F)
method: Physical properties table, printed as 0.11 Btu/lb·F and 0.46 kJ/kg·K at 68 F (20 C)
status: ground
source: jacquet-410s
where: PHYSICAL PROPERTIES table (Specific Heat row, SI column)
- benchmark: electrical_resistivity
value: 60
unit: µohm-cm
scope: material
conditions:
temperature: 20 C (At 20 C column)
method: Physical properties table, At 20 C column, printed as 60 µohm-cm
status: ground
source: combmet-410s
where: Physical Properties table (Electrical Resistivity row, At 20 C column)
- benchmark: max_service_temp
value: 705
unit: °C
bound: upper
scope: material
conditions:
basis: continuous service limit, printed as 1300 F (705 C)
method: Oxidation Resistance page, printed as 'can be used in continuous service up to 1300°F (705°C)'
status: ground
source: tubing-410s
where: Oxidation Resistance page (continuous service sentence)
- benchmark: yield_strength
value: 30
unit: ksi
bound: lower
scope: material
conditions:
condition: not printed
basis: minimum, plate
method: Mechanical properties table, Minimum (Plate) column, 0.2 percent yield printed as 30 ksi
status: ground
source: rolled-410s
where: Mechanical Properties table (0.2% Yield Strength row, Minimum (Plate) column)
- benchmark: yield_strength
value: 42
unit: ksi
scope: material
conditions:
condition: not printed
basis: typical
method: Mechanical properties table, Typical column, 0.2 percent yield printed as 42 ksi
status: ground
source: rolled-410s
where: Mechanical Properties table (0.2% Yield Strength row, Typical column)
- benchmark: yield_strength
value: 276
unit: MPa
scope: material
conditions:
condition: annealed
basis: typical, based on ASTM A240
method: Typical Room Temperature Mechanical Properties table, Annealed row, printed as 40 ksi (276 MPa)
status: ground
source: combmet-410s
where: Typical Room Temperature Mechanical Properties table (Annealed row, 0.2% offset yield)
- benchmark: ultimate_tensile_strength
value: 60
unit: ksi
bound: lower
scope: material
conditions:
condition: not printed
basis: minimum, plate
method: Mechanical properties table, Minimum (Plate) column, printed as 60 ksi
status: ground
source: rolled-410s
where: Mechanical Properties table (Ultimate Tensile Strength row, Minimum (Plate) column)
- benchmark: ultimate_tensile_strength
value: 64.4
unit: ksi
scope: material
conditions:
condition: not printed
basis: typical
method: Mechanical properties table, Typical column, printed as 64.4 ksi
status: ground
source: rolled-410s
where: Mechanical Properties table (Ultimate Tensile Strength row, Typical column)
- benchmark: ultimate_tensile_strength
value: 448
unit: MPa
scope: material
conditions:
condition: annealed
basis: typical, based on ASTM A240
method: Typical Room Temperature Mechanical Properties table, Annealed row, printed as 65 ksi (448 MPa)
status: ground
source: combmet-410s
where: Typical Room Temperature Mechanical Properties table (Annealed row, UTS)
- benchmark: elongation
value: 22
unit: '%'
bound: lower
scope: material
conditions:
condition: not printed
basis: minimum, plate
method: Mechanical properties table, Minimum (Plate) column, printed as 22 percent
status: ground
source: rolled-410s
where: Mechanical Properties table (Elongation row, Minimum (Plate) column)
- benchmark: elongation
value: 33
unit: '%'
scope: material
conditions:
condition: not printed
basis: typical
method: Mechanical properties table, Typical column, printed as 33 percent
status: ground
source: rolled-410s
where: Mechanical Properties table (Elongation row, Typical column)
- benchmark: elongation
value: 30
unit: '%'
scope: material
conditions:
condition: annealed
gauge: 2 in (50.8 mm)
basis: typical, based on ASTM A240
method: Typical Room Temperature Mechanical Properties table, Annealed row, printed as 30%
status: ground
source: combmet-410s
where: Typical Room Temperature Mechanical Properties table (Annealed row, Elongation in 2 in)
- benchmark: hardness
value: 89
unit: HRB
bound: upper
scope: material
conditions:
condition: not printed
basis: maximum, plate, printed as Rb 89 (max)
method: Mechanical properties table, Minimum (Plate) column, Hardness row
status: ground
source: rolled-410s
where: Mechanical Properties table (Hardness row, Minimum (Plate) column)
- benchmark: hardness
value: 75
unit: HRB
scope: material
conditions:
condition: not printed
basis: typical
method: Mechanical properties table, Typical column, printed as Rb 75
status: ground
source: rolled-410s
where: Mechanical Properties table (Hardness row, Typical column)
corrosion:
- environment: Fresh water, atmosphere and mild acids
headline: Vendor wording says 410S has excellent corrosion resistance in many environments and is a favourable choice for corrosive service.
effect: Materialwelding says 410S and 410 both resist corrosion well in many environments, and that the low carbon of 410S improves resistance to intergranular corrosion. No measured corrosion rate was read, so the rating is a judgement from that wording.
rating: moderate
conditions:
temperature: not printed
service: general corrosive service, no test data
source: materialwelding-410s
where: Article body (410 vs 410S comparison, corrosion paragraph)
- environment: Scaling and oxidation in hot service
headline: Tubing supplier says 410S oxidation resistance is good, with continuous service up to 705 C.
effect: The supplier page says the oxidation resistance of 410S is good, that it can be used in continuous service up to 1300 F (705 C), and that scaling becomes excessive above 1500 F (811 C) in intermittent service.
rating: low
conditions:
temperature: up to 705 C continuous; scaling above 811 C intermittent
source: tubing-410s
where: Oxidation Resistance page
risks:
hazards:
- text: PubChem notifications for elemental chromium include H317 (20.7%), H319 (19.1%), H320 and H334 (20.3%, signal word Danger). Other notifications add H335, H341, H371, H400 and H410. These are records for the element, not for 410S steel, and no safety data sheet for 410S was read.
ghs:
- H317
- H319
- H320
- H334
- H335
- H341
- H371
- H400
- H410
source: pubchem-chromium
where: GHS Classification, aggregated notifications (CID 23976)
failure_risks:
- mode: Brittleness at room temperature in thick sections
trigger: Thick sections, with the ductile-to-brittle transition depending on thickness, heat treatment, configuration and loading rate
consequence: Jacquet says ferritic and martensitic stainless steels show a ductile-to-brittle transition as temperature is reduced, and that thick sections may be brittle at room temperature.
severity: moderate
source: jacquet-410s
where: Room Temperature Mechanical Properties section (DBTT paragraph)
side_effects: []
handling:
- text: Rolled Alloys says 410S has increased weldability over 410 because the low carbon limits hardening. The material remains soft and ductile even when it is rapidly cooled from above the critical temperature.
source: rolled-410s
where: Description paragraph and Features list
- text: Combined Metals says the non-hardening characteristic hinders cracking when the steel is welded.
source: combmet-410s
where: Description paragraph
- text: The alloy is ferromagnetic (Rolled Alloys) and magnetic permeability is printed as ferromagnetic (Jacquet).
source: rolled-410s
where: Description paragraph
mitigations:
- text: Use 410S where welding or exposure to high temperature is expected, because it resists the hardening that makes 410 crack after welding (Rolled Alloys).
source: rolled-410s
where: Description paragraph
uses:
- application: structures
device: Tower packing and distillation trays
example: Rolled Alloys, Combined Metals and Jacquet all list tower packing or distillation trays as 410S applications. These are process-plant parts, not spacecraft hardware.
source: rolled-410s
where: Applications list (Tower packing; Distillation trays)
- application: thermal-control
device: Automotive exhaust components
example: Rolled Alloys and Jacquet list automotive exhaust components, where the sources cite high-temperature service. These are road-vehicle parts, not spacecraft hardware.
source: jacquet-410s
where: Potential applications paragraph
- application: structures
device: Quenching racks
example: Rolled Alloys lists quenching racks among its applications for 410S. No spacecraft part is named.
source: rolled-410s
where: Applications list (Quenching racks)
supply:
- subject: Chromium
abundance: World mine production was about 51,000 thousand t (chromium content, 2025 estimated). World resources are greater than 12 billion t of shipping-grade chromite, 95 percent in Kazakhstan and southern Africa (USGS 2026).
producers:
- country: South Africa
share_percent: 45.1
year: 2025
basis: 23,000 of 51,000 thousand t (2025e), computed
- country: Turkey
share_percent: 17.6
year: 2025
basis: 9,000 of 51,000 thousand t, computed
- country: Kazakhstan
share_percent: 13.7
year: 2025
basis: 7,000 of 51,000 thousand t, computed
- country: India
share_percent: 5.9
year: 2025
basis: 3,000 of 51,000 thousand t, computed
- country: Brazil
share_percent: 3.9
year: 2025
basis: 2,000 of 51,000 thousand t, computed
- country: Zimbabwe
share_percent: 3.9
year: 2025
basis: 2,000 of 51,000 thousand t, computed
- country: Finland
share_percent: 3.7
year: 2025
basis: 1,900 of 51,000 thousand t, computed
critical_lists: []
recycling: Recycled chromium in stainless-steel scrap receipts was 21 percent of US apparent consumption in 2025.
substitutes:
- Chromium has no substitute in stainless steel, the leading end use (USGS 2026).
source: usgs-chromium-2026
where: World Mine Production and Reserves table (2025e); World Resources; Substitutes; Recycling
- subject: Chromium import reliance
abundance: 'US net import reliance was 79 percent of apparent consumption in 2025. Chromite ore imports 2021 to 2024: South Africa 96 percent, Turkey 3 percent, other 1 percent (USGS 2026).'
producers: []
critical_lists: []
recycling: Recycled chromium was 21 percent of US apparent consumption in 2025.
substitutes: []
source: usgs-chromium-2026
where: Salient Statistics (Net import reliance row); Import Sources (2021-24)
media: []
documents:
- title: 'Rolled Alloys: 410S Stainless Data Sheet (UNS S41008, W. Nr./EN 1.4000)'
type: datasheet
url: https://www.rolledalloys.ca/wp-content/uploads/410S_stainless-steel-data-sheet.pdf
year: 2011
- title: 'Combined Metals: 410S Stainless Steel Material Datasheet (REV 2022 08 05)'
type: datasheet
url: https://www.combmet.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/01/cmc_410s_data_sheet_002-1.pdf
year: 2022
- title: 'Jacquet: 410S Stainless Steel: Ferritic technical sheet (UNS S41008)'
type: datasheet
url: https://usa.myjacquet.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/55/2025/08/Technical_Sheet_410S.pdf
year: 2025
- title: 'Total Materia: JIS SUS410S stainless steel page'
type: datasheet
url: https://www.totalmateria.com/en-us/material/1080521
- title: 'Tubing supplier: Oxidation Resistance, AISI 410S stainless steel tubes'
type: datasheet
url: https://tubingchina.com/410S-Oxidation-Resistance.htm
- title: 'Materialwelding: 410 vs 410S stainless steel'
type: datasheet
url: https://materialwelding.com/?p=530511
- title: 'USGS Mineral Commodity Summaries 2026: Chromium'
type: report
url: https://pubs.usgs.gov/periodicals/mcs2026/mcs2026-chromium.pdf
year: 2026
- title: 'PubChem: Chromium (CID 23976), GHS classification'
type: database
url: https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/rest/pug_view/data/compound/23976/JSON
gaps:
- 'Yield and tensile values disagree between sources: Rolled Alloys prints typical 42 ksi yield and 64.4 ksi tensile, and Combined Metals prints 40 ksi (276 MPa) and 65 ksi (448 MPa) for the annealed condition. Both are kept with their source.'
- The heat-treatment condition of the tensile and hardness values is not printed by these sources, so the condition is marked not printed.
- No chloride, marine or pitting test for 410S was read. The corrosion rating for chloride service is therefore not in this file.
- Materialwelding says 410 and 410S belong to the martensitic family, while Rolled Alloys and Jacquet say 410S is completely ferritic when annealed. The file follows the datasheet wording (ferritic), and the family conflict is not resolved.
- The Combined Metals web page (combmet.com/410s) returned a Cloudflare block in this run, so only its PDF datasheet was read.
- The Tubing supplier and Materialwelding pages are web articles, not manufacturer datasheets. The temperature limit and corrosion wording come from them.
- EN name X6Cr13 is printed only in the Total Materia equivalence table for SUS410S, which lists it as an equivalent, not as the grade's own name, so it is left out of designations.
- Nickel, molybdenum and copper supply were not read. Chromium producer shares are computed from printed tonnage, not printed as percentages.
- The USGS 2026 critical-minerals status for chromium was not read in this run, so critical_lists is empty.
- No safety data sheet for 410S was read. Hazard data rest on the PubChem record for elemental chromium, which lists notifications, not a supplier classification for 410S.
- No NASA or ESA source naming 410S in a spacecraft part was found. The uses come from datasheets and supplier pages and are not flight records.
- No fatigue, fracture-toughness, cryogenic or creep values for 410S were read.
- Hardness is not in the canonical property list, so the snake_case name hardness is used, as in the 410 profile.
sources:
rolled-410s:
title: 'Rolled Alloys: 410S Stainless Data Sheet'
id: UNS S41008; W. Nr./EN 1.4000; ASTM A 240
url: https://www.rolledalloys.ca/wp-content/uploads/410S_stainless-steel-data-sheet.pdf
year: 2011
kind: datasheet
license: cited, not reproduced
combmet-410s:
title: 'Combined Metals of Chicago: 410S Stainless Steel Material Datasheet'
id: UNS S41008; EN DIN 1.4000; REV 2022 08 05
url: https://www.combmet.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/01/cmc_410s_data_sheet_002-1.pdf
year: 2022
kind: datasheet
license: cited, not reproduced
jacquet-410s:
title: 'Jacquet: 410S Stainless Steel: Ferritic technical sheet'
id: UNS S41008
url: https://usa.myjacquet.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/55/2025/08/Technical_Sheet_410S.pdf
year: 2025
kind: datasheet
license: cited, not reproduced
totalmateria-sus410s:
title: 'Total Materia: JIS SUS410S stainless steel'
id: JIS SUS410S
url: https://www.totalmateria.com/en-us/material/1080521
kind: datasheet
license: cited, not reproduced
tubing-410s:
title: 'Tubing supplier: Oxidation Resistance, TP410S AISI410S stainless steel tubes'
id: AISI 410S
url: https://tubingchina.com/410S-Oxidation-Resistance.htm
kind: web
license: cited, not reproduced
materialwelding-410s:
title: 'Materialwelding: 410 vs 410S stainless steel'
id: 410 and 410S comparison article
url: https://materialwelding.com/?p=530511
kind: web
license: cited, not reproduced
usgs-chromium-2026:
title: 'USGS Mineral Commodity Summaries 2026: Chromium'
id: mcs2026-chromium
url: https://pubs.usgs.gov/periodicals/mcs2026/mcs2026-chromium.pdf
year: 2026
kind: report
license: public domain
pubchem-chromium:
title: 'PubChem: Chromium (CID 23976), GHS classification'
id: CID 23976
url: https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/rest/pug_view/data/compound/23976/JSON
kind: database
license: PubChem terms (public)
license: CC-BY-4.0
updated: '2026-10-26'
review:
status: draft
method: assistant
checked_values: 21
unreachable: 1
caveats: 4
note: 'Read by an AI assistant on 2026-10-26 from pages fetched in this run: Rolled Alloys, Combined Metals and Jacquet 410S datasheets; Total Materia JIS SUS410S page; tubing supplier oxidation page; Materialwelding 410 vs 410S article; USGS MCS 2026 chromium; PubChem chromium record. Chromium shares are computed from printed tonnage. The Combined Metals web page was blocked.'
story:
recipe:
line: Type 410S is an iron-chromium alloy with a low carbon content, about 11.5 to 13.5 percent chromium and at most 0.08 percent carbon. Rolled Alloys says the low carbon, with an optional titanium or columbium addition, minimises austenite formation at high temperatures, which restricts hardening. Combined Metals prints the same composition with a titanium maximum of 0.20 percent.
parts:
- name: Iron
symbol: Fe
share_note: balance (the rest)
role: The matrix of the alloy. The low carbon restricts hardening on quenching, and the alloy is ferritic when annealed (Rolled Alloys).
- name: Chromium
symbol: Cr
share_percent: 11.5
share_high: 13.5
role: Forms the passive oxide film that gives stainless corrosion resistance.
- name: Carbon
symbol: C
share_percent: 0
share_high: 0.08
limit: maximum
role: Held at 0.08 percent maximum, the feature that separates 410S from 410 (Rolled Alloys).
- name: Manganese
symbol: Mn
share_percent: 0
share_high: 1
limit: maximum
role: Present in small amounts, maximum 1.0 percent.
- name: Silicon
symbol: Si
share_percent: 0
share_high: 1
limit: maximum
role: Present in small amounts, maximum 1.0 percent.
- name: Nickel
symbol: Ni
share_percent: 0
share_high: 0.6
limit: maximum
role: Kept low, maximum 0.6 percent.
- name: Titanium
symbol: Ti
share_percent: 0
share_high: 0.2
limit: maximum
role: Optional addition, maximum 0.20 percent in Combined Metals, to restrict austenite formation.
- name: Phosphorus
symbol: P
share_percent: 0
share_high: 0.04
limit: maximum
role: Impurity held low, maximum 0.04 percent.
- name: Sulfur
symbol: S
share_percent: 0
share_high: 0.03
limit: maximum
role: Impurity held low, maximum 0.03 percent.
risk_groups:
- title: For people
level: 1
verdict: Element records flag sensitising and irritant hazards
lead: No safety data sheet for 410S was read. The PubChem record for elemental chromium is the only hazard source here.
points:
- label: Chromium
line: PubChem notifications for elemental chromium include H317, H319, H320 and H334 (H334 with signal word Danger), plus H335, H341, H371, H400 and H410 in other notifications.
- title: In the environment
level: 2
verdict: Chloride service is not tested for 410S
lead: The sources give no chloride or marine test for 410S, so this service is a gap rather than a rating.
points:
- label: Chloride
line: No 410S chloride or pitting data was read in this run, so no chloride rating is given.
- label: Fresh water
line: Materialwelding says 410S has excellent corrosion resistance in many environments and that its low carbon improves intergranular resistance.
- title: Welding and heat
level: 2
verdict: Weldable without the hardening crack risk of 410
lead: The low carbon keeps the steel soft after welding, but heat history still matters.
points:
- label: Weldability
line: Rolled Alloys says 410S has increased weldability over 410 and remains soft and ductile even when rapidly cooled from above the critical temperature.
- label: Thick sections
line: Jacquet says thick sections may be brittle at room temperature because of the ductile-to-brittle transition.
why: Type 410S is the low-carbon form of 410 for stainless parts that must be weldable and ferromagnetic without the hardening of 410. Rolled Alloys says the low carbon keeps the alloy soft and ductile after rapid cooling from high temperature, which helps prevent cracking when it is welded or heated. Its annealed typical values are 42 ksi yield and 64.4 ksi tensile (Rolled Alloys). Its weak points are chloride service and room-temperature brittleness in thick sections.
uses:
- where: Tower packing and distillation trays
line: Rolled Alloys, Combined Metals and Jacquet list tower packing and distillation trays as 410S applications.
- where: Automotive exhaust components
line: Rolled Alloys and Jacquet list automotive exhaust components, a high-temperature use in road vehicles.
- where: Quenching racks
line: Rolled Alloys lists quenching racks among its 410S applications.
can_do:
- label: Strength, annealed
line: Typical annealed values are 42 ksi yield and 64.4 ksi tensile (Rolled Alloys). Combined Metals prints 40 ksi (276 MPa) yield and 65 ksi (448 MPa) tensile for the same annealed condition. ASTM A240 minimums are 30 ksi yield and 60 ksi tensile (Rolled Alloys).
- label: Heat limit
line: Tubing supplier says 410S can be used in continuous service up to 1300 F (705 C). Scaling becomes excessive above 1500 F (811 C) in intermittent service.
- label: Magnetism
line: The alloy is ferromagnetic (Rolled Alloys and Jacquet).
compare: Rolled Alloys says 410S is a low-carbon modification of 410 that keeps the alloy soft after rapid cooling, which lowers the weld cracking risk. Materialwelding describes both grades as martensitic, while Rolled Alloys and Jacquet describe 410S as ferritic when annealed; the datasheets are followed here.
compare_rows:
- label: Density
benchmark: density
- label: Melting range
benchmark: melting_point
- label: Elastic modulus
benchmark: elastic_modulus
handling:
- Choose 410S where welding or exposure to high temperature is expected, because the low carbon restricts hardening (Rolled Alloys).
- The alloy is ferromagnetic (Rolled Alloys).
- Thick sections may be brittle at room temperature (Jacquet).
good_for:
- Weldable, ferromagnetic stainless parts that do not need the hardening of 410 (Rolled Alloys, Combined Metals).
- Parts used up to 705 C in continuous service, where scaling resistance is needed (tubing supplier).
- Process-plant parts such as tower packing and distillation trays (Rolled Alloys, Combined Metals, Jacquet).
watch_out:
- Chloride and marine service, where no 410S test data was found.
- Thick sections at room temperature, which may be brittle (Jacquet).
- Annealed and hardened values differ, so compare only like with like.
verdict: Type 410S is the weldable, ferromagnetic choice in the 410 family for hot or mildly corrosive service. It trades the hardening of 410 for weldability, and it has no chloride test data in this file.
References
Every number above carries a reference number. Click one to see the source and where in it the value comes from.
| # | Source | Type | Year | Used for |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Rolled Alloys: 410S Stainless Data Sheet | datasheet | 2011 | 14 values | |
| Combined Metals of Chicago: 410S Stainless Steel Material Datasheet | datasheet | 2022 | 7 values | |
| Jacquet: 410S Stainless Steel: Ferritic technical sheet | datasheet | 2025 | 8 values | |
| Total Materia: JIS SUS410S stainless steel | datasheet | 0 values | ||
| Tubing supplier: Oxidation Resistance, TP410S AISI410S stainless steel tubes | web | 2 values | ||
| Materialwelding: 410 vs 410S stainless steel | web | 1 value | ||
| USGS Mineral Commodity Summaries 2026: Chromium | report | 2026 | 2 values | |
| PubChem: Chromium (CID 23976), GHS classification | database | 1 value |