Materials/Polymers
Polymers
polymersWhat this is
Plastics and films, from polyimide thermal blankets to fluoropolymer coatings.
They are light, flexible and cheap, which is why they cover so much of a spacecraft. Their weakness is the space environment: atomic oxygen, ultraviolet light and radiation can eat or embrittle them.
Collections
Grades of one kind compared side by side.
- Engineering polymers: Engineering polymers (PEEK, nylon, POM, polycarbonate, PTFE and others): strength, temperature limits and data with sources.
Types
Pick a type to see its materials.
| Type | Materials | Ranking |
|---|---|---|
| Polyimides | 10 | — |
| Fluoropolymers | 20 | — |
| Polyesters | 8 | — |
| Polyolefins | 11 | — |
| Epoxies and resins | 3 | — |
| Silicones | 1 | — |
| Polyurethanes | 2 | — |
| Aramids | 3 | — |
| Acrylics | 4 | — |
| Polyamides | 8 | — |
| Polycarbonates | 4 | — |
| Styrenics | 4 | — |
| Cellulosics | 3 | — |
| Acetals | 2 | — |
| Polyethers | 3 | — |
| High-performance | 16 | — |
What matters
The measurements we use to compare polymers. Each one has a standard test and a direction: is higher or lower better?
| Measurement | Better when | How it is tested |
|---|---|---|
| Atomic oxygen erosionHow fast low-orbit oxygen eats the surface | lower | Flight (MISSE); ground ASTM E2089 |
| Outgassing, total mass loss (TML)Mass lost in vacuum that can fog optics | lower | ASTM E595 |
| Outgassing, condensable (CVCM)Vapor that recondenses on cold surfaces | lower | ASTM E595 |
| Solar absorptance (α)How much sunlight it absorbs | depends on the use | ASTM E903 |
| Thermal emittance (ε)How well it radiates heat away | depends on the use | ASTM E408 |
| Thermal cycling survivalHot-cold cycles survived without cracking | higher | ECSS-Q-ST-70-04 |
| Flammability (crewed vehicles)Whether a flame spreads upward | higher | NASA-STD-6001 Test 1 |
| Darkening under UV and particles (Δα)How much its sunlight absorption rises over the mission | lower | ECSS-Q-ST-70-06 |
Benchmarks
- Atomic oxygen erosion benchmark. Polymers flown outside the International Space Station, ranked by how fast atomic oxygen erodes them (NASA MISSE 2).
Materials
engineering-polymers/abs
Styrenics • 20 sourced entries • 11 sources • 2026
engineering-polymers/adc-cr-39
Polycarbonates • 21 sourced entries • 8 sources • 2026
fluoropolymers/af
Fluoropolymers • 26 sourced entries • 8 sources • 2026
engineering-polymers/ca
Cellulosics • 19 sourced entries • 8 sources • 2026
engineering-polymers/ca-cab
Cellulosics • 40 sourced entries • 7 sources • 2026
polyolefins/coc
Polyolefins • 27 sourced entries • 8 sources • 2026
fluoropolymers/pctfe-ctfe-kel-f
Fluoropolymers • 18 sourced entries • 9 sources • 2026
fluoropolymers/ectfe-halar
Fluoropolymers • 25 sourced entries • 9 sources • 2026
engineering-polymers/ep
Epoxies and resins • 18 sourced entries • 4 sources • 2026
polyolefins/epdm
Polyolefins • 44 sourced entries • 11 sources • 2026
fluoropolymers/etfe
Fluoropolymers • 20 sourced entries • 8 sources • 2026
fluoropolymers/fep
Fluoropolymers • 21 sourced entries • 8 sources • 2026
polyolefins/hdpe
Polyolefins • 25 sourced entries • 9 sources • 2026
glass-and-composites/ppd-t-kevlar
Aramids • 20 sourced entries • 8 sources • 2026
polyesters/lcp
Polyesters • 30 sourced entries • 8 sources • 2026
polyamides/pa-11
Polyamides • 31 sourced entries • 8 sources • 2026
polyamides/pa-12
Polyamides • 26 sourced entries • 9 sources • 2026
polyamides/pa-6
Polyamides • 26 sourced entries • 10 sources • 2026
high-performance-polymers/pai
High-performance • 36 sourced entries • 7 sources • 2026
polyamides/pa-46
Polyamides • 44 sourced entries • 8 sources • 2026
engineering-polymers/pan
Acrylics • 13 sourced entries • 7 sources • 2026
high-performance-polymers/pbi
High-performance • 25 sourced entries • 8 sources • 2026
polyamides/pa-66
Polyamides • 38 sourced entries • 13 sources • 2026
high-performance-polymers/pbo-zylon
High-performance • 19 sourced entries • 7 sources • 2026
engineering-polymers/pdms
Silicones • 20 sourced entries • 8 sources • 2026
high-performance-polymers/peek
High-performance • 16 sourced entries • 11 sources • 2026
polyesters/pbt
Polyesters • 37 sourced entries • 11 sources • 2026
high-performance-polymers/pei
High-performance • 33 sourced entries • 8 sources • 2026
high-performance-polymers/pek
High-performance • 36 sourced entries • 5 sources • 2026
high-performance-polymers/pekk
High-performance • 31 sourced entries • 9 sources • 2026
polyesters/pen
Polyesters • 33 sourced entries • 8 sources • 2026
engineering-polymers/peo
Polyethers • 17 sourced entries • 6 sources • 2026
high-performance-polymers/pes
High-performance • 27 sourced entries • 9 sources • 2026
polyesters/pet
Polyesters • 26 sourced entries • 13 sources • 2026
fluoropolymers/pfa
Fluoropolymers • 29 sourced entries • 10 sources • 2026
polyesters/phb
Polyesters • 17 sourced entries • 7 sources • 2026
engineering-polymers/pf
Epoxies and resins • 19 sourced entries • 9 sources • 2026
polyimides/pi-cp1
Polyimides • 15 sourced entries • 9 sources • 2026
polyimides/pi-kapton-h
Polyimides • 13 sourced entries • 7 sources • 2026
polyimides/pi-kapton-hn
Polyimides • 24 sourced entries • 13 sources • 2026
polyimides/pi-pmr-15
Polyimides • 16 sourced entries • 8 sources • 2026
polyimides/pi-upilex-s
Polyimides • 22 sourced entries • 3 sources • 2026
polyesters/pla
Polyesters • 53 sourced entries • 15 sources • 2026
engineering-polymers/pmma
Acrylics • 22 sourced entries • 11 sources • 2026
polyolefins/pmp-tpx
Polyolefins • 26 sourced entries • 6 sources • 2026
polyolefins/pe
Polyolefins • 17 sourced entries • 11 sources • 2026
engineering-polymers/pc
Polycarbonates • 21 sourced entries • 11 sources • 2026
polyolefins/pk
Polyolefins • 26 sourced entries • 12 sources • 2026
polyolefins/pp
Polyolefins • 26 sourced entries • 12 sources • 2026
engineering-polymers/pom
Acetals • 32 sourced entries • 10 sources • 2026
engineering-polymers/ppo
Polyethers • 22 sourced entries • 9 sources • 2026
high-performance-polymers/pps
High-performance • 46 sourced entries • 9 sources • 2026
polyamides/ppa
Polyamides • 38 sourced entries • 8 sources • 2026
high-performance-polymers/ppsu
High-performance • 32 sourced entries • 7 sources • 2026
engineering-polymers/ps
Styrenics • 69 sourced entries • 15 sources • 2026
high-performance-polymers/psu
High-performance • 20 sourced entries • 8 sources • 2026
fluoropolymers/ptfe
Fluoropolymers • 29 sourced entries • 12 sources • 2026
engineering-polymers/pu
Polyurethanes • 14 sourced entries • 10 sources • 2026
polyolefins/pvc
Polyolefins • 50 sourced entries • 28 sources • 2026
fluoropolymers/pvdf-kynar
Fluoropolymers • 20 sourced entries • 9 sources • 2026
fluoropolymers/pvf
Fluoropolymers • 17 sourced entries • 8 sources • 2026
fluoropolymers/pvf-white-tedlar
Fluoropolymers • 27 sourced entries • 8 sources • 2026
polyolefins/uhmwpe
Polyolefins • 31 sourced entries • 8 sources • 2026
misse2/abs
Styrenics • 92 µm lost in orbit • 1 source • 2005
misse2/cr-39
Polycarbonates • >573 µm lost in orbit • 1 source • 2005
misse2/halar
Fluoropolymers • 151 µm lost in orbit • 1 source • 2005
misse2/ca
Cellulosics • 426 µm lost in orbit • 1 source • 2005
misse2/af
Fluoropolymers • 17 µm lost in orbit • 1 source • 2005
misse2/kel-f
Fluoropolymers • 70 µm lost in orbit • 1 source • 2005
misse2/ep
Epoxies and resins • 355 µm lost in orbit • 1 source • 2005
misse2/tefzel
Fluoropolymers • 81 µm lost in orbit • 1 source • 2005
misse2/fep
Fluoropolymers • 17 µm lost in orbit • 1 source • 2005
misse2/pa-6
Polyamides • 296 µm lost in orbit • 1 source • 2005
misse2/pa-66
Polyamides • 152 µm lost in orbit • 1 source • 2005
misse2/pbi
High-performance • >186 µm lost in orbit • 1 source • 2005
misse2/pan
Acrylics • 119 µm lost in orbit • 1 source • 2005
misse2/zylon
High-performance • 115 µm lost in orbit • 1 source • 2005
misse2/pc
Polycarbonates • 362 µm lost in orbit • 1 source • 2005
misse2/pe
Polyolefins • >315 µm lost in orbit • 1 source • 2005
misse2/peek
High-performance • 252 µm lost in orbit • 1 source • 2005
misse2/pei
High-performance • >279 µm lost in orbit • 1 source • 2005
misse2/peo
Polyethers • 163 µm lost in orbit • 1 source • 2005
misse2/pbt
Polyesters • 768 µm lost in orbit • 1 source • 2005
misse2/mylar
Polyesters • 254 µm lost in orbit • 1 source • 2005
misse2/pfa
Fluoropolymers • 15 µm lost in orbit • 1 source • 2005
misse2/kapton-hn
Polyimides • 237 µm lost in orbit • 1 source • 2005
misse2/cp1
Polyimides • 161 µm lost in orbit • 1 source • 2005
misse2/kapton-h
Polyimides • 253 µm lost in orbit • 1 source • 2005
misse2/pmr-15
Polyimides • >255 µm lost in orbit • 1 source • 2005
misse2/upilex-s
Polyimides • 777 µm lost in orbit • 1 source • 2005
misse2/pmma
Acrylics • >472 µm lost in orbit • 1 source • 2005
misse2/delrin
Acetals • 771 µm lost in orbit • 1 source • 2005
misse2/pp
Polyolefins • 226 µm lost in orbit • 1 source • 2005
misse2/kevlar
Aramids • 53 µm lost in orbit • 1 source • 2005
misse2/nomex
Aramids • 119 µm lost in orbit • 1 source • 2005
misse2/ps
Styrenics • 315 µm lost in orbit • 1 source • 2005
misse2/psu
High-performance • 248 µm lost in orbit • 1 source • 2005
misse2/ptfe
Fluoropolymers • 12 µm lost in orbit • 1 source • 2005
misse2/clear-tedlar
Fluoropolymers • 269 µm lost in orbit • 1 source • 2005
misse2/pu
Polyurethanes • 132 µm lost in orbit • 1 source • 2005
misse2/kynar
Fluoropolymers • 109 µm lost in orbit • 1 source • 2005
misse2/white-tedlar
Fluoropolymers • 8.5 µm lost in orbit • 1 source • 2005