Materials/Polymers

Polymers

polymers

What this is

Plastics and films, from polyimide thermal blankets to fluoropolymer coatings.

They are light, flexible and cheap, which is why they cover so much of a spacecraft. Their weakness is the space environment: atomic oxygen, ultraviolet light and radiation can eat or embrittle them.

Collections

Grades of one kind compared side by side.

  • Engineering polymers: Engineering polymers (PEEK, nylon, POM, polycarbonate, PTFE and others): strength, temperature limits and data with sources.

Types

Pick a type to see its materials.

Types
TypeMaterialsRanking
Polyimides 10 —
Fluoropolymers 20 —
Polyesters 8 —
Polyolefins 11 —
Epoxies and resins 3 —
Silicones 1 —
Polyurethanes 2 —
Aramids 3 —
Acrylics 4 —
Polyamides 8 —
Polycarbonates 4 —
Styrenics 4 —
Cellulosics 3 —
Acetals 2 —
Polyethers 3 —
High-performance 16 —

What matters

The measurements we use to compare polymers. Each one has a standard test and a direction: is higher or lower better?

What matters
MeasurementBetter whenHow it is tested
Atomic oxygen erosionHow fast low-orbit oxygen eats the surfacelowerFlight (MISSE); ground ASTM E2089
Outgassing, total mass loss (TML)Mass lost in vacuum that can fog opticslowerASTM E595
Outgassing, condensable (CVCM)Vapor that recondenses on cold surfaceslowerASTM E595
Solar absorptance (α)How much sunlight it absorbsdepends on the useASTM E903
Thermal emittance (ε)How well it radiates heat awaydepends on the useASTM E408
Thermal cycling survivalHot-cold cycles survived without crackinghigherECSS-Q-ST-70-04
Flammability (crewed vehicles)Whether a flame spreads upwardhigherNASA-STD-6001 Test 1
Darkening under UV and particles (Δα)How much its sunlight absorption rises over the missionlowerECSS-Q-ST-70-06

Benchmarks

Materials

engineering-polymers/abs
Styrenics • 20 sourced entries • 11 sources • 2026
engineering-polymers/adc-cr-39
Polycarbonates • 21 sourced entries • 8 sources • 2026
fluoropolymers/af
Fluoropolymers • 26 sourced entries • 8 sources • 2026
engineering-polymers/ca
Cellulosics • 19 sourced entries • 8 sources • 2026
engineering-polymers/ca-cab
Cellulosics • 40 sourced entries • 7 sources • 2026
polyolefins/coc
Polyolefins • 27 sourced entries • 8 sources • 2026
fluoropolymers/pctfe-ctfe-kel-f
Fluoropolymers • 18 sourced entries • 9 sources • 2026
fluoropolymers/ectfe-halar
Fluoropolymers • 25 sourced entries • 9 sources • 2026
engineering-polymers/ep
Epoxies and resins • 18 sourced entries • 4 sources • 2026
polyolefins/epdm
Polyolefins • 44 sourced entries • 11 sources • 2026
fluoropolymers/etfe
Fluoropolymers • 20 sourced entries • 8 sources • 2026
fluoropolymers/fep
Fluoropolymers • 21 sourced entries • 8 sources • 2026
polyolefins/hdpe
Polyolefins • 25 sourced entries • 9 sources • 2026
glass-and-composites/ppd-t-kevlar
Aramids • 20 sourced entries • 8 sources • 2026
polyesters/lcp
Polyesters • 30 sourced entries • 8 sources • 2026
polyamides/pa-11
Polyamides • 31 sourced entries • 8 sources • 2026
polyamides/pa-12
Polyamides • 26 sourced entries • 9 sources • 2026
polyamides/pa-6
Polyamides • 26 sourced entries • 10 sources • 2026
high-performance-polymers/pai
High-performance • 36 sourced entries • 7 sources • 2026
polyamides/pa-46
Polyamides • 44 sourced entries • 8 sources • 2026
engineering-polymers/pan
Acrylics • 13 sourced entries • 7 sources • 2026
high-performance-polymers/pbi
High-performance • 25 sourced entries • 8 sources • 2026
polyamides/pa-66
Polyamides • 38 sourced entries • 13 sources • 2026
high-performance-polymers/pbo-zylon
High-performance • 19 sourced entries • 7 sources • 2026
engineering-polymers/pdms
Silicones • 20 sourced entries • 8 sources • 2026
high-performance-polymers/peek
High-performance • 16 sourced entries • 11 sources • 2026
polyesters/pbt
Polyesters • 37 sourced entries • 11 sources • 2026
high-performance-polymers/pei
High-performance • 33 sourced entries • 8 sources • 2026
high-performance-polymers/pek
High-performance • 36 sourced entries • 5 sources • 2026
high-performance-polymers/pekk
High-performance • 31 sourced entries • 9 sources • 2026
polyesters/pen
Polyesters • 33 sourced entries • 8 sources • 2026
engineering-polymers/peo
Polyethers • 17 sourced entries • 6 sources • 2026
high-performance-polymers/pes
High-performance • 27 sourced entries • 9 sources • 2026
polyesters/pet
Polyesters • 26 sourced entries • 13 sources • 2026
fluoropolymers/pfa
Fluoropolymers • 29 sourced entries • 10 sources • 2026
polyesters/phb
Polyesters • 17 sourced entries • 7 sources • 2026
engineering-polymers/pf
Epoxies and resins • 19 sourced entries • 9 sources • 2026
polyimides/pi-cp1
Polyimides • 15 sourced entries • 9 sources • 2026
polyimides/pi-kapton-h
Polyimides • 13 sourced entries • 7 sources • 2026
polyimides/pi-kapton-hn
Polyimides • 24 sourced entries • 13 sources • 2026
polyimides/pi-pmr-15
Polyimides • 16 sourced entries • 8 sources • 2026
polyimides/pi-upilex-s
Polyimides • 22 sourced entries • 3 sources • 2026
polyesters/pla
Polyesters • 53 sourced entries • 15 sources • 2026
engineering-polymers/pmma
Acrylics • 22 sourced entries • 11 sources • 2026
polyolefins/pmp-tpx
Polyolefins • 26 sourced entries • 6 sources • 2026
polyolefins/pe
Polyolefins • 17 sourced entries • 11 sources • 2026
engineering-polymers/pc
Polycarbonates • 21 sourced entries • 11 sources • 2026
polyolefins/pk
Polyolefins • 26 sourced entries • 12 sources • 2026
polyolefins/pp
Polyolefins • 26 sourced entries • 12 sources • 2026
engineering-polymers/pom
Acetals • 32 sourced entries • 10 sources • 2026
engineering-polymers/ppo
Polyethers • 22 sourced entries • 9 sources • 2026
high-performance-polymers/pps
High-performance • 46 sourced entries • 9 sources • 2026
polyamides/ppa
Polyamides • 38 sourced entries • 8 sources • 2026
high-performance-polymers/ppsu
High-performance • 32 sourced entries • 7 sources • 2026
engineering-polymers/ps
Styrenics • 69 sourced entries • 15 sources • 2026
high-performance-polymers/psu
High-performance • 20 sourced entries • 8 sources • 2026
fluoropolymers/ptfe
Fluoropolymers • 29 sourced entries • 12 sources • 2026
engineering-polymers/pu
Polyurethanes • 14 sourced entries • 10 sources • 2026
polyolefins/pvc
Polyolefins • 50 sourced entries • 28 sources • 2026
fluoropolymers/pvdf-kynar
Fluoropolymers • 20 sourced entries • 9 sources • 2026
fluoropolymers/pvf
Fluoropolymers • 17 sourced entries • 8 sources • 2026
fluoropolymers/pvf-white-tedlar
Fluoropolymers • 27 sourced entries • 8 sources • 2026
polyolefins/uhmwpe
Polyolefins • 31 sourced entries • 8 sources • 2026
misse2/abs
Styrenics • 92 µm lost in orbit • 1 source • 2005
misse2/cr-39
Polycarbonates • >573 µm lost in orbit • 1 source • 2005
misse2/halar
Fluoropolymers • 151 µm lost in orbit • 1 source • 2005
misse2/ca
Cellulosics • 426 µm lost in orbit • 1 source • 2005
misse2/af
Fluoropolymers • 17 µm lost in orbit • 1 source • 2005
misse2/kel-f
Fluoropolymers • 70 µm lost in orbit • 1 source • 2005
misse2/ep
Epoxies and resins • 355 µm lost in orbit • 1 source • 2005
misse2/tefzel
Fluoropolymers • 81 µm lost in orbit • 1 source • 2005
misse2/fep
Fluoropolymers • 17 µm lost in orbit • 1 source • 2005
misse2/pa-6
Polyamides • 296 µm lost in orbit • 1 source • 2005
misse2/pa-66
Polyamides • 152 µm lost in orbit • 1 source • 2005
misse2/pbi
High-performance • >186 µm lost in orbit • 1 source • 2005
misse2/pan
Acrylics • 119 µm lost in orbit • 1 source • 2005
misse2/zylon
High-performance • 115 µm lost in orbit • 1 source • 2005
misse2/pc
Polycarbonates • 362 µm lost in orbit • 1 source • 2005
misse2/pe
Polyolefins • >315 µm lost in orbit • 1 source • 2005
misse2/peek
High-performance • 252 µm lost in orbit • 1 source • 2005
misse2/pei
High-performance • >279 µm lost in orbit • 1 source • 2005
misse2/peo
Polyethers • 163 µm lost in orbit • 1 source • 2005
misse2/pbt
Polyesters • 768 µm lost in orbit • 1 source • 2005
misse2/mylar
Polyesters • 254 µm lost in orbit • 1 source • 2005
misse2/pfa
Fluoropolymers • 15 µm lost in orbit • 1 source • 2005
misse2/kapton-hn
Polyimides • 237 µm lost in orbit • 1 source • 2005
misse2/cp1
Polyimides • 161 µm lost in orbit • 1 source • 2005
misse2/kapton-h
Polyimides • 253 µm lost in orbit • 1 source • 2005
misse2/pmr-15
Polyimides • >255 µm lost in orbit • 1 source • 2005
misse2/upilex-s
Polyimides • 777 µm lost in orbit • 1 source • 2005
misse2/pmma
Acrylics • >472 µm lost in orbit • 1 source • 2005
misse2/delrin
Acetals • 771 µm lost in orbit • 1 source • 2005
misse2/pp
Polyolefins • 226 µm lost in orbit • 1 source • 2005
misse2/kevlar
Aramids • 53 µm lost in orbit • 1 source • 2005
misse2/nomex
Aramids • 119 µm lost in orbit • 1 source • 2005
misse2/ps
Styrenics • 315 µm lost in orbit • 1 source • 2005
misse2/psu
High-performance • 248 µm lost in orbit • 1 source • 2005
misse2/ptfe
Fluoropolymers • 12 µm lost in orbit • 1 source • 2005
misse2/clear-tedlar
Fluoropolymers • 269 µm lost in orbit • 1 source • 2005
misse2/pu
Polyurethanes • 132 µm lost in orbit • 1 source • 2005
misse2/kynar
Fluoropolymers • 109 µm lost in orbit • 1 source • 2005
misse2/white-tedlar
Fluoropolymers • 8.5 µm lost in orbit • 1 source • 2005