Ethylene-chlorotrifluoroethylene ECTFE (Halar)
(C2H4)n(C2ClF3)n, alternating copolymer · CAS 25101-45-5
ECTFE (Halar, from Solvay) is an alternating copolymer of ethylene and chlorotrifluoroethylene.
Evidence level
5 of 5
Flown or field-proven
- 0Predicted only. No one has made it, or no measurement exists.
- 1Calculated. Only calculated or predicted values from sources.
- 2Lab-measured. Measured properties with their conditions stated.
- 3Space-relevant tests. Measured in conditions relevant to space, such as vacuum or atomic oxygen.
- 4Ground-qualified. Qualified for an application on the ground.
- 5Flown or field-proven. Flight or field results exist.
Atomic oxygen
1.79e-24 cm3/atom
Chemicals
Resistant to most acids and solvents
Heat
Melts at 238 °C
Electrical insulation
1e15 ohm-cm
Recipe, share of the weight
- C not statedCarbon
- H not statedHydrogen
- Cl not statedChlorine
- F not statedFluorine
Best for
Corrosion-resistant linings, pipes and tanks, and wire or cable jacketing that must survive acids and solvents and still be tough
Weakest at
Atomic oxygen in low Earth orbit (far more than PTFE on the MISSE 2 flight) and overheating, which gives toxic and corrosive fumes including hydrogen fluoride
Risk at a glance
- People Moderate. Not labelled hazardous as a solid; toxic fumes when…
- If it fails High. Hydrogen fluoride release on overheating
- Corrosion Severe. Above about 350 °C ECTFE breaks down and gives off hydrogen fluoride and other toxic gases.
Quick facts: ECTFE (Halar)
| Property | Value | Basis |
|---|---|---|
| Density | 1.65 to 1.71 g/cm³ | 2 sourced values across conditions |
| Tensile strength | 48.3 to 55.2 MPa | 2 sourced values across conditions |
| Young's modulus | 1.65 to 1.7 GPa | 2 sourced values across conditions |
| Thermal conductivity | 0.16 W/(m·K) | 1 sourced value |
| Thermal expansion (CTE) | 31.1 ppm/K | 1 sourced value |
| Melting point | 238 °C | 1 sourced value |
| Electrical resistivity | 10,000,000,000,000 Ω·m | 1 sourced value |
| Maximum service temperature | 149 to 150 °C | 2 sourced values across conditions |
What is the density of Ethylene-chlorotrifluoroethylene?
Ethylene-chlorotrifluoroethylene has a density of 1.65 to 1.71 g/cm³. The range covers 2 sourced values across the tempers, forms and test conditions the sources report; room-temperature values are used where a source states a temperature.
What is the thermal conductivity of Ethylene-chlorotrifluoroethylene?
Ethylene-chlorotrifluoroethylene has a thermal conductivity of 0.16 W/(m·K). The source and test conditions are listed in the properties table on this page.
What is the coefficient of thermal expansion of Ethylene-chlorotrifluoroethylene?
Ethylene-chlorotrifluoroethylene has a coefficient of thermal expansion of 31.1 ppm/K. The source and test conditions are listed in the properties table on this page.
What is the melting point of Ethylene-chlorotrifluoroethylene?
Ethylene-chlorotrifluoroethylene has a melting point of 238 °C. The source and test conditions are listed in the properties table on this page.
What is the tensile strength of Ethylene-chlorotrifluoroethylene?
Ethylene-chlorotrifluoroethylene has a tensile strength of 48.3 to 55.2 MPa. The range covers 2 sourced values across the tempers, forms and test conditions the sources report; room-temperature values are used where a source states a temperature.
What is Ethylene-chlorotrifluoroethylene used for?
Uses recorded in the sources include Primary and secondary jacketing of specialty data and heating cables, and wet benches for semiconductor processing; Gaskets for storing liquid oxygen and other propellants in aerospace systems; Pipes, fittings, tanks and linings for the chemical industry.
Why it exists
ECTFE (Halar) is an alternating copolymer of ethylene and chlorotrifluoroethylene. Mixing hydrogen-bearing ethylene units with fluorinated units gives a material that is tougher than PTFE, while keeping the chemical resistance of a fluoropolymer. A data sheet gives a density of 1.68 g/cm3, a melting point of 238 °C and a heat deflection temperature of 115 °C at 264 psi. Wikipedia gives a continuous range of -76 °C to +150 °C and a tensile strength of about 7000 psi from the data sheet. ECTFE is used where a tough, chemically resistant and fire-resistant plastic is needed, such as linings, pipes and cable jackets.
Where it's used
Chemical lining and piping
Halar sheet and pipe are used in chemical handling, process tanks, pump and valve parts and wet-process tools; sheet lining is also applied to metal and fibre-reinforced plastic.
Cable jacketing and semiconductor wet benches
ECTFE is used for primary and secondary jacketing of specialty cables and for wet tool and tubing systems for lithographic chemicals.
Propellant gaskets
ECTFE is used to make gaskets for storing liquid oxygen and other propellants in aerospace systems.
Recipe
(C2H4)n(C2ClF3)n, alternating copolymer; repeat unit C4H4ClF3
ECTFE is made by polymerizing ethylene and chlorotrifluoroethylene (CTFE) into an alternating copolymer, a semi-crystalline fluoropolymer (Wikipedia). The repeat unit is C4H4ClF3 with a molar mass of 144.5223 (NASA MISSE 2 table). The polymerization process was not read in a fetched source.
| Ingredient | Share of the weight | What it does |
|---|---|---|
| Carbon C | not stated | Backbone carbons: two from ethylene and two from CTFE in each repeat unit. |
| Hydrogen H | not stated | Four hydrogens on the ethylene carbons, which give the copolymer its toughness compared with PTFE. |
| Chlorine Cl | not stated | One chlorine on the CTFE unit, which fills free volume and keeps permeation low. |
| Fluorine F | not stated | Three fluorines on the CTFE unit, which give chemical resistance. |
Weight shares are as printed in the sources.
What it can do
Atomic oxygen
1.79e-24 cm3/atom
On the MISSE 2 flight ECTFE eroded at 1.79e-24 cm3/atom over 3.95 years, against 3.00e-24 for Kapton H in the same table.
Chemicals
Resistant to most acids and solvents
The Halar data sheet says the material resists most chemicals, including acids, alkalines and organic solvents, except hot amines and ketones.
Heat
Melts at 238 °C
A data sheet gives a melting point of 238 °C (460 °F) and a maximum operating temperature of 149 °C, and Wikipedia gives a continuous range up to +150 °C.
Electrical insulation
1e15 ohm-cm
A data sheet gives a volume resistivity of 1e15 ohm-cm at 50 percent RH, a dielectric constant of 2.5 at 1 MHz and a dielectric strength of 500 V/mil.
How it compares
In low Earth orbit ECTFE eroded at 1.79e-24 cm3/atom on the MISSE 2 flight, about the same as Kapton H at 3.00e-24 and far faster than PTFE (1.42e-25 cm3/atom) at 1.42e-25. For strength, a data sheet gives a tensile strength of 7000 psi for ECTFE and 8000 psi for a supplier's Halar 901 rod, and an elongation at break of 200 percent.
The same measurements for each material, so you can compare them. Each row names the key condition under the value; the full conditions and methods are in the numbered notes under Technical details. Other materials are shown beside it; each was measured under its own conditions, so open its page before comparing closely. Compare every grade in the family.
| Measurement | ECTFE (Halar) | AF | PCTFE (CTFE, Kel-F) | ETFE | FEP | PFA | PTFE | PVDF (Kynar) | PVF | PVF (white Tedlar) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Thermal behavior and safety | ||||||||||
| Melting pointTypical value printed in a materials data sheet | 238 °C3 | no data | 210 °C | 265 °C | 255 °C | 302 °C | no data | no data | no data | 185 °C |
| Heat deflection temperature at 264 psiTypical value printed in a materials data sheet | 115 °C4 | 156 °C | no data | no data | no data | 91 °C | no data | 125 °C | no data | no data |
| Thermal conductivity | 3.75×10^-4 cal/cm-sec-°C8 | no data | no data | no data | no data | 0.195 W/(m·K) | no data | no data | no data | no data |
| Physical and electrical | ||||||||||
| Specific gravity (D792)Typical value printed in a materials data sheet | 1.68 g/cm³ | 2.146 g/cm³ | 2.133 g/cm³ | 1.74 g/cm³ | 2.144 g/cm³ | 2.138 g/cm³ | 2.17 g/cm³ | no data | 1.379 g/cm³ | 1.624 g/cm³ |
| Density range (Halar 901S SDS) | 1.65 g/cm³2 | 2.146 g/cm³ | 2.133 g/cm³ | 1.74 g/cm³ | 2.144 g/cm³ | 2.138 g/cm³ | 2.17 g/cm³ | no data | 1.379 g/cm³ | 1.624 g/cm³ |
| Volume resistivityTypical value printed in a materials data sheet | 1×10^15 ohm-cm | no data | no data | no data | no data | no data | no data | no data | no data | no data |
| Hardness, Shore DPrinted value on a supplier product sheet | 75 Shore D | no data | no data | no data | no data | no data | no data | no data | no data | no data |
| Other measurements | ||||||||||
| Atomic oxygen erosion yield (MISSE 2 flight) | 1.79×10^-24 cm³/atom1 | 1.98×10^-25 cm³/atom | 8.31×10^-25 cm³/atom | 9.61×10^-25 cm³/atom | 2×10^-25 cm³/atom | 1.73×10^-25 cm³/atom | 1.42×10^-25 cm³/atom | 1.29×10^-24 cm³/atom | 3.19×10^-24 cm³/atom | 1.01×10^-25 cm³/atom |
| Maximum operating temperature (data sheet)Typical value printed in a materials data sheet | 149 °C | no data | 175 °C | 150 °C | 204 °C | 260 °C | 260 °C | no data | 107 °C | 107 °C |
| Upper service temperature (rod stock)Printed value on a supplier product sheet | 150 °C | no data | 175 °C | 150 °C | 204 °C | 260 °C | 260 °C | no data | 107 °C | 107 °C |
| Continuous usage lower limit | -76 °C5 | no data | no data | no data | no data | no data | -200 °C | no data | -72 °C | -72 °C |
| Tensile strength (data sheet)Typical value printed in a materials data sheet | 7000 psi | 26.9 MPa | 34 MPa | 40 MPa | 20 MPa | 21 MPa | no data | no data | 8 kpsi | 55 MPa |
| Tensile strength (rod stock)Printed value on a supplier product sheet | 8000 psi | 26.9 MPa | 34 MPa | 40 MPa | 20 MPa | 21 MPa | no data | no data | 8 kpsi | 55 MPa |
| Elongation at break (data sheet)Typical value printed in a materials data sheet | 200 % | 17.1 % | 100 % | 300 % | 300 % | 300 % | no data | no data | 90 % | 90 % |
| Elongation at break (rod stock)Printed value on a supplier product sheet | 250 % | 17.1 % | 100 % | 300 % | 300 % | 300 % | no data | no data | 90 % | 90 % |
| Tensile modulusTypical value printed in a materials data sheet | 2.4×10^5 psi | 1.6 GPa | 5.65 GPa | 1075 MPa | no data | 480 MPa | no data | no data | no data | 2655 MPa |
| Dielectric constant at 1 MHzTypical value printed in a materials data sheet | 2.5 none6 | 1.93 unitless | no data | 2.6 dimensionless | 2.03 - | 2 - | 2.1 dimensionless | no data | no data | 11 - |
| Dielectric strength (short time)Typical value printed in a materials data sheet | 500 V/mil | 2.1 kV/0.1 mm | no data | no data | 80 kV/mm | 260 kV/mm | 30 kV/mm | no data | no data | 3.5 kV/mil |
| Water absorption, 24 hours | 0.1 %7 | 0.01 % | no data | no data | 0.01 % | no data | no data | no data | 0.5 % | 0.5 % |
| Coefficient of linear thermal expansion | 5.6×10^-5 in/in/°F9 | no data | no data | no data | no data | no data | 12 x 10^-5 per °C | no data | 2.8×10^-5 in/in/degF | 9.7×10^-5 m/mK |
| Young's modulus (approximate) | 1700 MPa10 | 1.6 GPa | 5.65 GPa | 1075 MPa | no data | 480 MPa | no data | no data | no data | 2655 MPa |
Why choose it, and why not
Good for
- Chemical linings and pipes. The data sheet says it resists most acids, alkalines and solvents.
- Tough, impact-resistant parts. The data sheet gives an elongation at break of 200 percent and a tensile strength of 7000 psi.
- Tough cable jackets with a continuous range of -76 °C to +150 °C.
- Low water absorption, below 0.1 percent over 24 hours.
Watch out for
- Atomic oxygen. On the MISSE 2 flight ECTFE eroded far faster than PTFE (1.42e-25 cm3/atom).
- Overheating. Above about 350 °C ECTFE releases hydrogen fluoride and other toxic gases.
- Permeation. Small molecules such as water and HF permeate the matrix and can limit a lining's lifetime.
- Hot amines and ketones attack it, according to the data sheet.
ECTFE is a tough, chemically resistant fluoropolymer that is a good choice for linings, pipes and cable jackets on the ground. In low Earth orbit it erodes at about the same rate as Kapton H, so it is a poor choice for an exposed surface there. The flight erosion yield is the only space result here; the strength, density and electrical values are data-sheet typical values.
Technical details
For scientists and researchers. Everything above comes from the record below: every number with its method, its conditions and its source.
Notes
The method, full conditions and any caveat for the numbered rows above.
| # | Measurement | Method | Conditions | Caveat |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Atomic oxygen erosion yield (MISSE 2 flight) | Flight measurement reported in a NASA technical memorandum predictive-tool table | environment low Earth orbit, ISS, MISSE 2 PEACE Polymers trayfluence 8.43e21 atoms/cm2duration 3.95 years | — |
| 2 | Density range (Halar 901S SDS) | Range printed in a manufacturer safety data sheet, Section 9 | form Halar 901S resin | — |
| 3 | Melting point | — | printed 460 °Ftest standard ASTM D3418 | The Halar 901S safety data sheet gives a melting range of 230 to 242 °C. |
| 4 | Heat deflection temperature at 264 psi | — | pressure 264 psitest standard ASTM D648printed 240 °F | — |
| 5 | Continuous usage lower limit | Range stated in a reference encyclopedia article, which cites the Polymer Handbook and manufacturer data | basis continuous usage temperature range (-105 °F to +300 °F as printed) | — |
| 6 | Dielectric constant at 1 MHz | — | test standard ASTM D150frequency 1 MHztemperature 23 °C | — |
| 7 | Water absorption, 24 hours | Typical value printed in a materials data sheet, shown as less than 0.1 | test standard ASTM D570time 24 hoursprinted < 0.1 | — |
| 8 | Thermal conductivity | Typical value printed in a materials data sheet; printed value is 3.75 multiplied by 10-4, copied as 3.75e-4 | test standard ASTM C177printed 3.75 x 10-4 cal/cm-sec-°C (also 1.09 BTU-in/ft2-hr-°F) | — |
| 9 | Coefficient of linear thermal expansion | Typical value printed in a materials data sheet; printed value is 5.6 multiplied by 10-5, copied as 5.6e-5 | test standard ASTM D696printed 5.6 x 10-5 in/in/°F | — |
| 10 | Young's modulus (approximate) | Value printed in a reference encyclopedia article | basis value printed in a reference encyclopedia article | — |
Corrosion and compatibility
What happens when it meets other materials and environments.
| Environment | Concern | What happens |
|---|---|---|
| Atomic oxygen in low Earth orbit | moderate | Atomic oxygen eroded ECTFE about as fast as Kapton H on the ISS, and far faster than PTFE (1.42e-25 cm3/atom).1 |
| Acids, alkalis and organic solvents | not rated | ECTFE resists most acids, alkalis and solvents, but not hot amines or ketones.2 |
| Ultraviolet light | not rated | ECTFE has good UV resistance, particularly to UV-A and UV-B.3 |
| Overheating above about 350 °C (decomposition) | severe | Above about 350 °C ECTFE breaks down and gives off hydrogen fluoride and other toxic gases.4 |
| # | Environment | Details | Test conditions |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Atomic oxygen in low Earth orbit | On the MISSE 2 flight ECTFE had an erosion yield of 1.79e-24 cm3/atom, against 3.00e-24 for Kapton H and 1.42e-25 for PTFE in the same table. FEP measured 2.00e-25 and PFA 1.73e-25. | flight MISSE 2, 3.95 years, fluence 8.43e21 atoms/cm2 |
| 2 | Acids, alkalis and organic solvents | The Halar data sheet says the material is resistant to most chemicals, including acids, alkalines and organic solvents, except hot amines and ketones. Wikipedia says its chemical resistance is similar to PTFE, though somewhat lower in some cases. | basis manufacturer and distributor data sheet, encyclopedia article |
| 3 | Ultraviolet light | No UV exposure number was read. The encyclopedia article states the material has good UV resistance, and films can be transparent. | basis qualitative statement only |
| 4 | Overheating above about 350 °C (decomposition) | The Simona safety data sheet gives thermal decomposition from 350 °C and says that above this temperature the material breaks down into toxic fluorine-containing substances, and that burning gives hydrofluoric acid. The Halar 901S sheet lists hydrogen fluoride and hydrogen chloride as combustion products. | trigger overheating or burningworst case poor ventilation |
Risks and side effects
Hazards to people, what happens when a cell overheats, and how the material is handled and stored.
For people
The solid is not labelled hazardous, but overheating ECTFE releases hydrogen fluoride and other toxic gases.
- The solid
- The Halar 901S safety data sheet says the product is not labelled as hazardous, but thermal decomposition can release toxic and corrosive gases.
- Fume fever
- Thermal decomposition vapours of fluorinated polymers may cause polymer fume fever, a flu-like illness.
- Above 350 °C
- The Simona safety data sheet gives thermal decomposition from 350 °C, with hydrofluoric acid as a product of burning.
If it fails
These results come from a flight measurement, data sheets and a safety sheet, not from a reported failure of a flown ECTFE part.
- In orbit
- On the MISSE 2 flight ECTFE eroded at 1.79e-24 cm3/atom, about the same as Kapton H (3.00e-24) and far faster than PTFE (1.42e-25 cm3/atom) (1.42e-25).
- Overheating
- Above about 350 °C the material breaks down into toxic fluorine-containing gases; the Halar sheet lists hydrogen fluoride as a combustion product.
- Lining permeation
- Small molecules such as water, oxygen, chlorine and HF permeate the matrix and can limit the lifetime of a lining.
Handling and storage
- Do not overheat
- Keep ECTFE away from heat and ignition sources, and do not overheat it.
- Ventilate
- Provide local ventilation suited to the decomposition risk; in a fire use breathing apparatus with a face mask.
- Static
- Take measures to prevent a build-up of static electricity when handling it.
Test details
The original wording and numbers from the sources, for readers who want them.
Failure risks
| Failure | Trigger and consequence |
|---|---|
| Permeation by small molecules in lining servicemoderate severity | Exposure of a lining to water vapour, oxygen, chlorine, hydrogen sulfide, HCl or HFSmall molecules permeate the matrix and can reach the underlying steel or fibre-reinforced plastic, which limits the lining lifetime. |
| Hydrogen fluoride release on overheatinghigh severity | Heating above about 350 °CThe polymer breaks down into toxic and corrosive gases, including hydrogen fluoride, which can cause severe lung injury. |
Side effects on surrounding parts
| Affects | Effect |
|---|---|
| People handling hot material | Thermal decomposition products can cause polymer fume fever in people, with flu-like symptoms. |
Handling and storage
- To avoid thermal decomposition, do not overheat the material and keep it away from heat and ignition sources. Take measures to prevent a build-up of static electricity.
- Keep the product away from tobacco and do not contaminate tobacco products with it.
Mitigations
- Provide local ventilation suited to the decomposition risk. In case of decomposition use breathing apparatus with a face mask.
Supply and geography
How common the raw materials are and where they come from.
Fluorine feedstock (fluorspar, calcium fluoride)
- Top producers (2025)
- China 60%, Mexico 15%, Mongolia 15%, South Africa 4.1%
- Recycling
- USGS: synthetic fluorspar may be produced from neutralization of waste in uranium enrichment, petroleum alkylation and stainless-steel pickling, though impurities constrain its use. Primary aluminum producers recycle HF and fluorides from smelting.
- Substitutes
- USGS: fluosilicic acid has been used as an alternative to fluorspar in making AlF3 and HF.
ECTFE resin producer
Documents
Datasheets, safety data sheets, papers and standards you can open.
Full record
The complete spore, as stored. Free to reuse under CC-BY-4.0. Images keep the licence shown with each one.
Show the full YAML
spore: profile
id: ectfe-halar
spore_version: 0.2
family: fluoropolymers
name: Ethylene-chlorotrifluoroethylene
abbreviation: ECTFE (Halar)
role: tough, chemically resistant semi-crystalline fluoropolymer for linings, pipes and cable jackets
category: polymers
type: fluoropolymers
summary: |
ECTFE (Halar, from Solvay) is an alternating copolymer of ethylene and chlorotrifluoroethylene. It is tougher than PTFE, has a continuous service range of -76 °C to +150 °C and resists most acids, alkalis and solvents. On the MISSE 2 flight it eroded under atomic oxygen at 1.79e-24 cm3/atom, about the same as Kapton H and far worse than PTFE. Its weak points are atomic oxygen compared with PTFE, and overheating above about 350 °C, which releases hydrogen fluoride.
best_for: Corrosion-resistant linings, pipes and tanks, and wire or cable jacketing that must survive acids and solvents and still be tough
weakest_at: Atomic oxygen in low Earth orbit (far more than PTFE on the MISSE 2 flight) and overheating, which gives toxic and corrosive fumes including hydrogen fluoride
identity:
formula: (C2H4)n(C2ClF3)n, alternating copolymer; repeat unit C4H4ClF3
cas: 25101-45-5
source: wiki-ectfe
where: Infobox (CAS 25101-45-5, alternating copolymer of ethylene and chlorotrifluoroethylene); PubChem record 25101-45-5 gives the formula (C2H4.C2ClF3)x; repeat unit C4H4ClF3 from the NASA MISSE 2 table
tags:
environments:
- low-earth-orbit
stresses:
- atomic-oxygen
- uv
applications:
- electronics-and-chips
- cryogenic-fuel
properties:
- benchmark: atomic_oxygen_erosion_yield
label: Atomic oxygen erosion yield (MISSE 2 flight)
value: 1.79e-24
unit: cm3/atom
scope: material
conditions:
environment: low Earth orbit, ISS, MISSE 2 PEACE Polymers tray
fluence: 8.43e21 atoms/cm2
duration: 3.95 years
method: Flight measurement reported in a NASA technical memorandum predictive-tool table
status: flight
source: banks2008
where: Table I, row Ethylene-chlorotrifluoroethylene, ECTFE (Halar)
- benchmark: density
label: Specific gravity (D792)
value: 1.68
unit: g/cm3
scope: material
conditions:
test_standard: ASTM D792
form: typical value, Halar ECTFE
method: Typical value printed in a materials data sheet
status: ground
source: wk-halar
where: Typical properties table, PHYSICAL, Density (g/cm3) row
- benchmark: density
label: Density range (Halar 901S SDS)
value: 1.65
value_high: 1.71
unit: g/cm3
scope: material
conditions:
form: Halar 901S resin
method: Range printed in a manufacturer safety data sheet, Section 9
status: ground
source: gfps-sds
where: Section 9, Density row (Revision 08.09.2016)
- benchmark: melting_point
label: Melting point
value: 238
unit: °C
scope: material
conditions:
printed: 460 °F
test_standard: ASTM D3418
method: Typical value printed in a materials data sheet
status: ground
note: The Halar 901S safety data sheet gives a melting range of 230 to 242 °C.
source: wk-halar
where: Thermal table, Melting Temp (°F / °C) row
- benchmark: heat_deflection_temperature
label: Heat deflection temperature at 264 psi
value: 115
unit: °C
scope: material
conditions:
pressure: 264 psi
test_standard: ASTM D648
printed: 240 °F
method: Typical value printed in a materials data sheet
status: ground
source: wk-halar
where: Thermal table, Heat Deflection Temp row
- benchmark: max_service_temp
label: Maximum operating temperature (data sheet)
value: 149
unit: °C
scope: material
conditions:
printed: 300 °F
basis: typical performance in many applications
method: Typical value printed in a materials data sheet
status: ground
source: wk-halar
where: Thermal table, Max Operating Temp row
- benchmark: max_service_temp
label: Upper service temperature (rod stock)
value: 150
unit: °C
scope: material
conditions:
form: Halar 901 rod, machined stock
printed: 302 °F
method: Printed value on a supplier product sheet
status: ground
source: pexco-ectfe
where: Specifications box, Temperature line
- benchmark: min_service_temp
label: Continuous usage lower limit
value: -76
unit: °C
scope: material
conditions:
basis: continuous usage temperature range (-105 °F to +300 °F as printed)
method: Range stated in a reference encyclopedia article, which cites the Polymer Handbook and manufacturer data
status: ground
source: wiki-ectfe
where: Physical and chemical properties section, first paragraph
- benchmark: ultimate_tensile_strength
label: Tensile strength (data sheet)
value: 7000
unit: psi
scope: material
conditions:
test_standard: ASTM D638
form: typical value, Halar ECTFE
method: Typical value printed in a materials data sheet
status: ground
source: wk-halar
where: Mechanical table, Tensile Strength row
- benchmark: ultimate_tensile_strength
label: Tensile strength (rod stock)
value: 8000
unit: psi
scope: material
conditions:
test_standard: ASTM D638
form: Halar 901 rod
method: Printed value on a supplier product sheet
status: ground
source: pexco-ectfe
where: Tensile Strength row
- benchmark: elongation
label: Elongation at break (data sheet)
value: 200
unit: '%'
scope: material
conditions:
test_standard: ASTM D638
form: typical value, Halar ECTFE
method: Typical value printed in a materials data sheet
status: ground
source: wk-halar
where: Mechanical table, Tensile Elongation at Break row
- benchmark: elongation
label: Elongation at break (rod stock)
value: 250
unit: '%'
scope: material
conditions:
test_standard: ASTM D638
form: Halar 901 rod
method: Printed value on a supplier product sheet
status: ground
source: pexco-ectfe
where: Elongation at Break row
- benchmark: elastic_modulus
label: Tensile modulus
value: 240000
unit: psi
scope: material
conditions:
test_standard: ASTM D638
form: typical value, Halar ECTFE
method: Typical value printed in a materials data sheet
status: ground
source: wk-halar
where: Mechanical table, Tensile Modulus row
- benchmark: dielectric_constant
label: Dielectric constant at 1 MHz
value: 2.5
unit: none
scope: material
conditions:
test_standard: ASTM D150
frequency: 1 MHz
temperature: 23 °C
method: Typical value printed in a materials data sheet
status: ground
source: wk-halar
where: Electrical table, Dielectric Constant at 1 MHz row
- benchmark: dielectric_strength
label: Dielectric strength (short time)
value: 500
unit: V/mil
scope: material
conditions:
test_standard: ASTM D149
thickness: 1/8 inch
method: Typical value printed in a materials data sheet
status: ground
source: wk-halar
where: Electrical table, Dielectric Strength row
- benchmark: electrical_resistivity
label: Volume resistivity
value: 1000000000000000
unit: ohm-cm
scope: material
conditions:
humidity: 50% RH
printed: 1015 (exponent printed as superscript)
method: Typical value printed in a materials data sheet
status: ground
source: wk-halar
where: Electrical table, Volume Resistivity row
- benchmark: moisture_absorption
label: Water absorption, 24 hours
value: 0.1
unit: '%'
scope: material
conditions:
test_standard: ASTM D570
time: 24 hours
printed: < 0.1
method: Typical value printed in a materials data sheet, shown as less than 0.1
status: ground
source: wk-halar
where: Physical table, Water Absorption row
- benchmark: thermal_conductivity
label: Thermal conductivity
value: 0.000375
unit: cal/cm-sec-°C
scope: material
conditions:
test_standard: ASTM C177
printed: 3.75 x 10-4 cal/cm-sec-°C (also 1.09 BTU-in/ft2-hr-°F)
method: Typical value printed in a materials data sheet; printed value is 3.75 multiplied by 10-4, copied as 3.75e-4
status: ground
source: wk-halar
where: Thermal table, Thermal Conductivity row
- benchmark: cte
label: Coefficient of linear thermal expansion
value: 0.000056
unit: in/in/°F
scope: material
conditions:
test_standard: ASTM D696
printed: 5.6 x 10-5 in/in/°F
method: Typical value printed in a materials data sheet; printed value is 5.6 multiplied by 10-5, copied as 5.6e-5
status: ground
source: wk-halar
where: Thermal table, Coefficient of Linear Thermal Expansion row
- benchmark: hardness
label: Hardness, Shore D
value: 75
unit: Shore D
scope: material
conditions:
test_standard: ASTM D2240
form: Halar 901 rod
method: Printed value on a supplier product sheet
status: ground
source: pexco-ectfe
where: Hardness row
- benchmark: elastic_modulus
label: Young's modulus (approximate)
value: 1700
unit: MPa
scope: material
conditions:
basis: value printed in a reference encyclopedia article
method: Value printed in a reference encyclopedia article
status: ground
source: wiki-ectfe
where: Physical and chemical properties section, sentence on impact strength and Young's modulus
corrosion:
- environment: Atomic oxygen in low Earth orbit
headline: Atomic oxygen eroded ECTFE about as fast as Kapton H on the ISS, and far faster than PTFE (1.42e-25 cm3/atom).
effect: On the MISSE 2 flight ECTFE had an erosion yield of 1.79e-24 cm3/atom, against 3.00e-24 for Kapton H and 1.42e-25 for PTFE in the same table. FEP measured 2.00e-25 and PFA 1.73e-25.
rating: moderate
conditions:
flight: MISSE 2, 3.95 years, fluence 8.43e21 atoms/cm2
source: banks2008
where: Table I
- environment: Acids, alkalis and organic solvents
headline: ECTFE resists most acids, alkalis and solvents, but not hot amines or ketones.
effect: The Halar data sheet says the material is resistant to most chemicals, including acids, alkalines and organic solvents, except hot amines and ketones. Wikipedia says its chemical resistance is similar to PTFE, though somewhat lower in some cases.
rating: unknown
conditions:
basis: manufacturer and distributor data sheet, encyclopedia article
source: wk-halar
where: General properties paragraph
- environment: Ultraviolet light
headline: ECTFE has good UV resistance, particularly to UV-A and UV-B.
effect: No UV exposure number was read. The encyclopedia article states the material has good UV resistance, and films can be transparent.
rating: unknown
conditions:
basis: qualitative statement only
source: wiki-ectfe
where: Physical and chemical properties section
- environment: Overheating above about 350 °C (decomposition)
headline: Above about 350 °C ECTFE breaks down and gives off hydrogen fluoride and other toxic gases.
effect: The Simona safety data sheet gives thermal decomposition from 350 °C and says that above this temperature the material breaks down into toxic fluorine-containing substances, and that burning gives hydrofluoric acid. The Halar 901S sheet lists hydrogen fluoride and hydrogen chloride as combustion products.
rating: severe
conditions:
trigger: overheating or burning
worst_case: poor ventilation
source: simona-sds
where: Section 10, Thermal decomposition and hazardous decomposition products
risks:
hazards:
- text: 'Halar 901S safety data sheet: the product is not labelled as hazardous under the regulation applied, but thermal decomposition can lead to release of toxic and corrosive gases. The thermal decomposition vapours of fluorinated polymers may cause polymer fume fever with flu-like symptoms.'
ghs: []
source: gfps-sds
where: Sections 2.2 and 2.3; Section 11, Effects
- text: 'Halar 901S sheet threshold limits for hydrogen fluoride from thermal decomposition: ACGIH ceiling 2 ppm (USA); the sheet also lists TWA 0.5 ppm (ACGIH).'
ghs: []
source: gfps-sds
where: Section 8, threshold limit values of by-products from thermal decomposition
- text: PubChem record for the copolymer (CAS 25101-45-5) gives no GHS hazard classification, and the material is listed as active under the EPA TSCA inventory.
ghs: []
source: pubchem-ectfe
where: Sections 8.1 and 8.2
failure_risks:
- mode: Permeation by small molecules in lining service
trigger: Exposure of a lining to water vapour, oxygen, chlorine, hydrogen sulfide, HCl or HF
consequence: Small molecules permeate the matrix and can reach the underlying steel or fibre-reinforced plastic, which limits the lining lifetime.
severity: moderate
source: wiki-ectfe
where: Physical and chemical properties section
- mode: Hydrogen fluoride release on overheating
trigger: Heating above about 350 °C
consequence: The polymer breaks down into toxic and corrosive gases, including hydrogen fluoride, which can cause severe lung injury.
severity: high
source: simona-sds
where: Section 10
side_effects:
- text: Thermal decomposition products can cause polymer fume fever in people, with flu-like symptoms.
affects: People handling hot material
source: gfps-sds
where: Section 11, Effects
handling:
- text: To avoid thermal decomposition, do not overheat the material and keep it away from heat and ignition sources. Take measures to prevent a build-up of static electricity.
source: gfps-sds
where: Section 7, handling advice
- text: Keep the product away from tobacco and do not contaminate tobacco products with it.
source: gfps-sds
where: Section 7, handling advice
mitigations:
- text: Provide local ventilation suited to the decomposition risk. In case of decomposition use breathing apparatus with a face mask.
source: gfps-sds
where: Section 8 and Section 8.2 (exposure controls and firefighting)
uses:
- application: electronics-and-chips
device: Primary and secondary jacketing of specialty data and heating cables, and wet benches for semiconductor processing
example: The encyclopedia article says ECTFE is used for cable jacketing where fire resistance and electrical properties matter, and that it has been widely used for wet tool and tubing systems for lithographic chemicals.
source: wiki-ectfe
where: Applications section
- application: cryogenic-fuel
device: Gaskets for storing liquid oxygen and other propellants in aerospace systems
example: The encyclopedia article says ECTFE is used for manufacturing gaskets to store liquid oxygen and other propellants for aerospace applications, and that it keeps high impact strength in cryogenic applications.
source: wiki-ectfe
where: Applications and Physical and chemical properties sections
- application: structures
device: Pipes, fittings, tanks and linings for the chemical industry
example: Halar sheet and pipe are used for chemical handling, process tanks, pump and valve components and wet-process tool parts, and the material is also used in sheet lining of metal and fibre-reinforced plastic.
source: wk-halar
where: General properties and Typical applications
supply:
- subject: Fluorine feedstock (fluorspar, calcium fluoride)
producers:
- country: China
share_percent: 60
year: 2025
- country: Mexico
share_percent: 15
year: 2025
- country: Mongolia
share_percent: 15
year: 2025
- country: South Africa
share_percent: 4.1
year: 2025
recycling: 'USGS: synthetic fluorspar may be produced from neutralization of waste in uranium enrichment, petroleum alkylation and stainless-steel pickling, though impurities constrain its use. Primary aluminum producers recycle HF and fluorides from smelting.'
substitutes:
- 'USGS: fluosilicic acid has been used as an alternative to fluorspar in making AlF3 and HF.'
source: usgs-mcs2026-fluorspar
where: 'World Mine Production table, 2025e. Shares are calculated by Space Mushroom as 2025e tonnes divided by the printed world total of 10,000 thousand t (China 6,000; Mexico 1,500; Mongolia 1,500; South Africa 410). Import sources 2021-24: Mexico 64 percent, Vietnam 12 percent, China 10 percent, South Africa 9 percent. Fluorspar is the feedstock for hydrogen fluoride, which is used to make the fluorine in fluoropolymers.'
- subject: ECTFE resin producer
producers: []
source: wk-halar
where: The Halar trademark is registered to Solvay (Solvay Solexis); the Pexco sheet calls its resin 100 percent virgin Solvay Halar 901 ECTFE. No country shares for ECTFE resin makers were found, so none are entered.
documents:
- title: 'NASA/TM-2008-215490: Atomic Oxygen Erosion Yield Predictive Tool for Spacecraft Polymers in Low Earth Orbit'
type: report
url: https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/20090011780
year: 2008
- title: Halar Materials Data Sheet (White Knight Fluid Handling, published 27 Feb 2025)
type: datasheet
url: https://wkfluidhandling.com/wp-content/media/materials/ectfe-halar.pdf
year: 2025
- title: Pexco ECTFE Rod product sheet (February 2026)
type: datasheet
url: https://www.pexco.com/wp-content/uploads/2026/02/Pexco-ECTFE-Rod_productsheet_Feb2026.pdf
year: 2026
- title: Halar 901S Safety Data Sheet (GFPS, revision 08.09.2016)
type: sds
url: https://www.gfps.com/content/dam/gfps/us/products/piping-systems/sygef-ectfe/Extrusion%20-%20Halar%20901S-SDS_GB-EN-2.04.pdf
year: 2016
- title: ECTFE Safety Data Sheet (Simona, distributed by Boedeker)
type: sds
url: https://www.boedeker.com/Portals/0/Safety%20Data%20Sheets%20SDS/Simona/ECTFE-SDS-Safety-Data-Sheet-Simona-Boedeker-2017.pdf
year: 2017
- title: 'Mineral Commodity Summaries 2026: Fluorspar (USGS)'
type: report
url: https://pubs.usgs.gov/periodicals/mcs2026/mcs2026-fluorspar.pdf
year: 2026
- title: PubChem record for ethylene-chlorotrifluoroethylene copolymer (CID not assigned, CAS 25101-45-5)
type: database
url: https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/25101-45-5
year: 2026
- title: NIST Atomic Weights and Isotopic Compositions for All Elements
type: database
url: https://physics.nist.gov/cgi-bin/Compositions/stand_alone.pl?ele=C&all=all&ascii=html
year: 2026
gaps:
- No Solvay primary datasheet was opened. The values come from distributor and fabricator sheets that reproduce Solvay figures, and the file says so in each source.
- No radiation dose data for ECTFE was found or read. The tags do not list total-radiation-dose.
- No outgassing value for ECTFE was read from the NASA outgassing database or NASA RP-1124.
- No ECTFE radiation, cryogenic tensile or vacuum-UV number from a primary paper was read; the cryogenic statement is qualitative only.
- The polymerization process for ECTFE was not read in a fetched source, so the recipe gives composition only.
- No GHS classification was found; PubChem has none and the Halar 901S sheet is not labelled hazardous.
- No country shares for ECTFE resin producers were found.
- The Wikipedia article gives the Young's modulus as approximate (about 1700 MPa) without a test standard, so the entry is marked as approximate.
- Atomic weights for carbon and chlorine are printed by NIST as intervals, not single values; the file uses the printed interval lower bounds.
- No quantitative chemical-resistance table (for example a percent change in mass or strength) was opened.
- Hardness (Rockwell R93 on the Halar sheet) and flexural and compressive values were not entered as separate properties.
sources:
banks2008:
title: Atomic Oxygen Erosion Yield Predictive Tool for Spacecraft Polymers in Low Earth Orbit
id: NASA/TM-2008-215490, NTRS 20090011780 (Banks, de Groh, Backus; December 2008)
url: https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/20090011780
year: 2008
kind: report
license: public domain (NASA)
wk-halar:
title: Polyethylene Chlorotrifluoroethylene (ECTFE or Halar) Materials Data Sheet, White Knight Fluid Handling (a Graco company)
id: Published 27 Feb 2025, typical values
url: https://wkfluidhandling.com/wp-content/media/materials/ectfe-halar.pdf
year: 2025
kind: datasheet
license: supplier document, linked not reproduced
pexco-ectfe:
title: Pexco ECTFE Rod product sheet (Halar 901 resin)
id: Pexco product sheet, February 2026
url: https://www.pexco.com/wp-content/uploads/2026/02/Pexco-ECTFE-Rod_productsheet_Feb2026.pdf
year: 2026
kind: datasheet
license: supplier document, linked not reproduced
gfps-sds:
title: Halar 901S Safety Data Sheet (GFPS)
id: Revision 08.09.2016, version 2.04
url: https://www.gfps.com/content/dam/gfps/us/products/piping-systems/sygef-ectfe/Extrusion%20-%20Halar%20901S-SDS_GB-EN-2.04.pdf
year: 2016
kind: datasheet
license: manufacturer document, linked not reproduced
simona-sds:
title: ECTFE Safety Data Sheet (Simona, distributed by Boedeker)
id: Simona ECTFE safety data sheet, 2017
url: https://www.boedeker.com/Portals/0/Safety%20Data%20Sheets%20SDS/Simona/ECTFE-SDS-Safety-Data-Sheet-Simona-Boedeker-2017.pdf
year: 2017
kind: datasheet
license: manufacturer document, linked not reproduced
usgs-mcs2026-fluorspar:
title: Mineral Commodity Summaries 2026, Fluorspar (U.S. Geological Survey)
id: USGS MCS 2026
url: https://pubs.usgs.gov/periodicals/mcs2026/mcs2026-fluorspar.pdf
year: 2026
kind: report
license: public domain (USGS)
pubchem-ectfe:
title: Ethylene-chlorotrifluoroethylene copolymer (PubChem Compound, CAS 25101-45-5)
id: PubChem record 25101-45-5, read in this run
url: https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/25101-45-5
year: 2026
kind: database
license: PubChem (NLM) terms
nist-atomic-weights:
title: Atomic Weights and Isotopic Compositions for All Elements (NIST)
id: NIST composition tables, read in this run
where: 'Printed standard atomic weights read in this run: C [12.0096, 12.0116]; H [1.00784, 1.00811]; Cl [35.446, 35.457]; F 18.998403163. Repeat-unit molar mass 144.5223 for C4H4ClF3 is from the NASA MISSE 2 table (banks2008).'
url: https://physics.nist.gov/cgi-bin/Compositions/stand_alone.pl?ele=C&all=all&ascii=html
year: 2026
kind: database
license: public domain (NIST)
wiki-ectfe:
title: ECTFE (Wikipedia)
id: Wikipedia article, read in this run
url: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ECTFE
year: 2026
kind: web
license: CC BY-SA 4.0
license: CC-BY-4.0
updated: '2026-10-20'
review:
status: draft
method: assistant
checked_values: 21
unreachable: 1
caveats: 6
note: Written by an AI assistant on 2026-10-20 from pages fetched in this run. The NASA memorandum table, the White Knight and Pexco sheets, the Halar 901S and Simona safety data sheets, the USGS fluorspar summary, the PubChem record, the NIST atomic weights and the Wikipedia article were read directly. The Solvay primary datasheet was not reachable through search. No values were taken from memory or search snippets.
story:
recipe:
line: ECTFE is made by polymerizing ethylene and chlorotrifluoroethylene (CTFE) into an alternating copolymer, a semi-crystalline fluoropolymer (Wikipedia). The repeat unit is C4H4ClF3 with a molar mass of 144.5223 (NASA MISSE 2 table). The polymerization process was not read in a fetched source.
parts:
- name: Carbon
symbol: C
role: 'Backbone carbons: two from ethylene and two from CTFE in each repeat unit.'
- name: Hydrogen
symbol: H
role: Four hydrogens on the ethylene carbons, which give the copolymer its toughness compared with PTFE.
- name: Chlorine
symbol: Cl
role: One chlorine on the CTFE unit, which fills free volume and keeps permeation low.
- name: Fluorine
symbol: F
atoms: 3
atomic_weight: 18.998403163
role: Three fluorines on the CTFE unit, which give chemical resistance.
risk_groups:
- title: For people
level: 2
verdict: Not labelled hazardous as a solid; toxic fumes when…
lead: The solid is not labelled hazardous, but overheating ECTFE releases hydrogen fluoride and other toxic gases.
points:
- label: The solid
line: The Halar 901S safety data sheet says the product is not labelled as hazardous, but thermal decomposition can release toxic and corrosive gases.
- label: Fume fever
line: Thermal decomposition vapours of fluorinated polymers may cause polymer fume fever, a flu-like illness.
- label: Above 350 °C
line: The Simona safety data sheet gives thermal decomposition from 350 °C, with hydrofluoric acid as a product of burning.
- title: If it fails
lead: These results come from a flight measurement, data sheets and a safety sheet, not from a reported failure of a flown ECTFE part.
points:
- label: In orbit
line: On the MISSE 2 flight ECTFE eroded at 1.79e-24 cm3/atom, about the same as Kapton H (3.00e-24) and far faster than PTFE (1.42e-25 cm3/atom) (1.42e-25).
- label: Overheating
line: Above about 350 °C the material breaks down into toxic fluorine-containing gases; the Halar sheet lists hydrogen fluoride as a combustion product.
- label: Lining permeation
line: Small molecules such as water, oxygen, chlorine and HF permeate the matrix and can limit the lifetime of a lining.
- title: Handling and storage
points:
- label: Do not overheat
line: Keep ECTFE away from heat and ignition sources, and do not overheat it.
- label: Ventilate
line: Provide local ventilation suited to the decomposition risk; in a fire use breathing apparatus with a face mask.
- label: Static
line: Take measures to prevent a build-up of static electricity when handling it.
why: ECTFE (Halar) is an alternating copolymer of ethylene and chlorotrifluoroethylene. Mixing hydrogen-bearing ethylene units with fluorinated units gives a material that is tougher than PTFE, while keeping the chemical resistance of a fluoropolymer. A data sheet gives a density of 1.68 g/cm3, a melting point of 238 °C and a heat deflection temperature of 115 °C at 264 psi. Wikipedia gives a continuous range of -76 °C to +150 °C and a tensile strength of about 7000 psi from the data sheet. ECTFE is used where a tough, chemically resistant and fire-resistant plastic is needed, such as linings, pipes and cable jackets.
uses:
- where: Chemical lining and piping
line: Halar sheet and pipe are used in chemical handling, process tanks, pump and valve parts and wet-process tools; sheet lining is also applied to metal and fibre-reinforced plastic.
- where: Cable jacketing and semiconductor wet benches
line: ECTFE is used for primary and secondary jacketing of specialty cables and for wet tool and tubing systems for lithographic chemicals.
- where: Propellant gaskets
line: ECTFE is used to make gaskets for storing liquid oxygen and other propellants in aerospace systems.
can_do:
- label: Atomic oxygen
value: 1.79e-24 cm3/atom
line: On the MISSE 2 flight ECTFE eroded at 1.79e-24 cm3/atom over 3.95 years, against 3.00e-24 for Kapton H in the same table.
- label: Chemicals
value: Resistant to most acids and solvents
line: The Halar data sheet says the material resists most chemicals, including acids, alkalines and organic solvents, except hot amines and ketones.
- label: Heat
value: Melts at 238 °C
line: A data sheet gives a melting point of 238 °C (460 °F) and a maximum operating temperature of 149 °C, and Wikipedia gives a continuous range up to +150 °C.
- label: Electrical insulation
value: 1e15 ohm-cm
line: A data sheet gives a volume resistivity of 1e15 ohm-cm at 50 percent RH, a dielectric constant of 2.5 at 1 MHz and a dielectric strength of 500 V/mil.
compare: In low Earth orbit ECTFE eroded at 1.79e-24 cm3/atom on the MISSE 2 flight, about the same as Kapton H at 3.00e-24 and far faster than PTFE (1.42e-25 cm3/atom) at 1.42e-25. For strength, a data sheet gives a tensile strength of 7000 psi for ECTFE and 8000 psi for a supplier's Halar 901 rod, and an elongation at break of 200 percent.
handling:
- Keep the material away from heat and ignition sources, and never overheat it.
- Provide local ventilation suited to the decomposition risk, and avoid fume inhalation.
- Use breathing apparatus with a face mask if decomposition occurs.
- Take measures against static build-up when handling it.
good_for:
- Chemical linings and pipes. The data sheet says it resists most acids, alkalines and solvents.
- Tough, impact-resistant parts. The data sheet gives an elongation at break of 200 percent and a tensile strength of 7000 psi.
- Tough cable jackets with a continuous range of -76 °C to +150 °C.
- Low water absorption, below 0.1 percent over 24 hours.
watch_out:
- Atomic oxygen. On the MISSE 2 flight ECTFE eroded far faster than PTFE (1.42e-25 cm3/atom).
- Overheating. Above about 350 °C ECTFE releases hydrogen fluoride and other toxic gases.
- Permeation. Small molecules such as water and HF permeate the matrix and can limit a lining's lifetime.
- Hot amines and ketones attack it, according to the data sheet.
verdict: ECTFE is a tough, chemically resistant fluoropolymer that is a good choice for linings, pipes and cable jackets on the ground. In low Earth orbit it erodes at about the same rate as Kapton H, so it is a poor choice for an exposed surface there. The flight erosion yield is the only space result here; the strength, density and electrical values are data-sheet typical values.
compare_rows:
- label: Density
benchmark: density
scope: material
- label: Max service temp
benchmark: max_service_temp
scope: material
- label: Melting point
benchmark: melting_point
scope: material
References
Every number above carries a reference number. Click one to see the source and where in it the value comes from.
| # | Source | Type | Year | Used for |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Atomic Oxygen Erosion Yield Predictive Tool for Spacecraft Polymers in Low Earth Orbit | report | 2008 | 2 values | |
| Polyethylene Chlorotrifluoroethylene (ECTFE or Halar) Materials Data Sheet, White Knight Fluid Handling (a Graco company) | datasheet | 2025 | 16 values | |
| Pexco ECTFE Rod product sheet (Halar 901 resin) | datasheet | 2026 | 4 values | |
| Halar 901S Safety Data Sheet (GFPS) | datasheet | 2016 | 7 values | |
| ECTFE Safety Data Sheet (Simona, distributed by Boedeker) | datasheet | 2017 | 2 values | |
| Mineral Commodity Summaries 2026, Fluorspar (U.S. Geological Survey) | report | 2026 | 1 value | |
| Ethylene-chlorotrifluoroethylene copolymer (PubChem Compound, CAS 25101-45-5) | database | 2026 | 1 value | |
| Atomic Weights and Isotopic Compositions for All Elements (NIST) | database | 2026 | 0 values | |
| ECTFE (Wikipedia) | web | 2026 | 7 values |