Polyvinyl chloride PVC
(C2H3Cl)n, polymer of vinyl chloride with the repeat unit -CH2-CHCl- · CAS 9002-86-2
Also known as CAS 9002-86-2, ASTM 16343, ASTM 1-42434-33, ASTM 10264, PVC, uPVC · 1 more
Polyvinyl chloride (PVC) is a vinyl polymer made from vinyl chloride.
Evidence level
2 of 5
Lab-measured
- 0Predicted only. No one has made it, or no measurement exists.
- 1Calculated. Only calculated or predicted values from sources.
- 2Lab-measured. Measured properties with their conditions stated.
- 3Space-relevant tests. Measured in conditions relevant to space, such as vacuum or atomic oxygen.
- 4Ground-qualified. Qualified for an application on the ground.
- 5Flown or field-proven. Flight or field results exist.
Density
1.32 to 1.54 g/cc
Yield strength
38.2 to 53.4 MPa
Heat under load
57 to 72.2 °C
Flexible elongation
330 to 430 %
Flame
51 %
Recipe, share of the weight
- C2H3Cl not statedVinyl chloride (monomer)
- C NIST standard atomic weight, lower bound of the printed intervalCarbon
- H NIST standard atomic weight, lower bound of the printed intervalHydrogen
- Cl NIST standard atomic weight, lower bound of the printed intervalChlorine
- not statedHeat stabiliser package
- not statedPlasticiser (flexible grades only)
Best for
Stiff, dense, flame-rated rigid profiles, pipes and window frames, and flexible cable jackets where elongation matters
Weakest at
Heat under load: rigid compounds deflect at 57 to 72.2 °C under 1.8 MPa, and the flexible cable grades are rated to 60 °C for continuous use
Risk at a glance
- People Moderate. Monomer and plasticiser carry hazards
- If it fails Moderate. Deflection under load in service
- Corrosion Low. The Novablend 6602 producer note describes excellent indoor and outdoor weathering.
Quick facts: PVC
| Property | Value | Basis |
|---|---|---|
| Density | 1.18 to 1.62 g/cm³ | 7 sourced values across conditions |
| Yield strength | 38.2 to 53.4 MPa | 3 sourced values across conditions |
| Tensile strength | 13.1 to 33 MPa | 3 sourced values across conditions |
| Young's modulus | 2.3 to 3.72 GPa | 3 sourced values across conditions |
| Thermal expansion (CTE) | 54 ppm/K | 1 sourced value |
| Maximum service temperature | 60 °C | 2 sourced values across conditions |
What is the density of Polyvinyl chloride (PVC)?
Polyvinyl chloride (PVC) has a density of 1.18 to 1.62 g/cm³. The range covers 7 sourced values across the tempers, forms and test conditions the sources report; room-temperature values are used where a source states a temperature.
What is the coefficient of thermal expansion of Polyvinyl chloride (PVC)?
Polyvinyl chloride (PVC) has a coefficient of thermal expansion of 54 ppm/K. The source and test conditions are listed in the properties table on this page.
What is the yield strength of Polyvinyl chloride (PVC)?
Polyvinyl chloride (PVC) has a yield strength of 38.2 to 53.4 MPa. The range covers 3 sourced values across the tempers, forms and test conditions the sources report; room-temperature values are used where a source states a temperature.
What is the tensile strength of Polyvinyl chloride (PVC)?
Polyvinyl chloride (PVC) has a tensile strength of 13.1 to 33 MPa. The range covers 3 sourced values across the tempers, forms and test conditions the sources report; room-temperature values are used where a source states a temperature.
What is the Young's modulus of Polyvinyl chloride (PVC)?
Polyvinyl chloride (PVC) has a Young's modulus of 2.3 to 3.72 GPa. The range covers 3 sourced values across the tempers, forms and test conditions the sources report; room-temperature values are used where a source states a temperature.
What are the other names and codes for Polyvinyl chloride (PVC)?
Polyvinyl chloride (PVC) is also written as CAS 9002-86-2, ASTM 16343, ASTM 1-42434-33, ASTM 10264, PVC, uPVC. Each code is printed in the source listed beside it in the designations table.
What is Polyvinyl chloride (PVC) used for?
Uses recorded in the sources include Sewage pipes, pressure pipes, rigid profiles, window frames and electrical ducts; Transparent rigid profiles; Plenum cable jacketing (flame retardant).
Why it exists
PVC is a vinyl polymer made from vinyl chloride. Its rigid form, called uPVC or unplasticised PVC, is a stiff, dense compound for pipes, profiles and window frames. Flexible PVC adds a plasticiser to stay soft for cable jackets and tubing. The rigid compounds read here have a specific gravity of 1.32 to 1.54 and a tensile yield strength of 38.2 to 53.4 MPa, and they begin to deflect under load near 57 to 72 °C.
Where it's used
Pipes and profiles
SolVin 267RC is listed for sewage pipes, pressure pipes, rigid profiles, window frames and electrical ducts. Geon 87548 is a transparent compound for profiles.
Cable jacketing
Teknor Apex Fireguard 910L16 is a flame-retardant flexible compound listed for plenum cable jacketing, with an oxygen index of 51 %.
Recipe
(C2H3Cl)n, polymer of vinyl chloride with the repeat unit -CH2-CHCl-
PVC is made from vinyl chloride, with the repeat unit -CH2-CHCl- written (C2H3Cl)n. Vinyl chloride is polymerised by free radicals (PSLC), and SolVin 267RC is made by suspension polymerisation. Heat stabilisers are added: the liquid mixed-metal systems use Ba, Zn, Ca, Mg or K carboxylates with co-stabilisers (ESPA). Plasticised grades add a plasticiser, while unplasticised PVC contains none (Wikipedia).
| Ingredient | Share of the weight | What it does |
|---|---|---|
| Vinyl chloride (monomer) C2H3Cl | not stated | Monomer; polymerised to the -CH2-CHCl- repeat unit by free-radical or suspension polymerisation |
| Carbon C | NIST standard atomic weight, lower bound of the printed interval | Backbone carbon of the repeat unit |
| Hydrogen H | NIST standard atomic weight, lower bound of the printed interval | Hydrogen of the repeat unit |
| Chlorine Cl | NIST standard atomic weight, lower bound of the printed interval | Side-group chlorine, which PSLC says gives PVC its flame resistance |
| Heat stabiliser package | not stated | Prevents thermal degradation during processing; liquid mixed-metal systems use Ba, Zn, Ca, Mg or K carboxylates with co-stabilisers |
| Plasticiser (flexible grades only) | not stated | Makes PVC flexible; content not printed on the grade pages. Wikipedia names DEHP as a historical plasticiser |
Weight shares are as printed in the sources.
What it can do
Density
1.32 to 1.54 g/cc
measured
Rigid compounds read here have a specific gravity of 1.32 (Geon 161J-4-DD) to 1.54 (Geon Vinyl Dry Blend E6001), by ASTM D792.
Yield strength
38.2 to 53.4 MPa
measured
Tensile yield strength is 38.2 MPa for the E6001 dry blend and 53.4 MPa for the Geon 87548 profile compound, ASTM D638 Type I.
Heat under load
57 to 72.2 °C
measured
Deflection temperature at 1.8 MPa is 57 °C for the unannealed Novablend 6602 and 72.2 °C for the unannealed Geon E6001, ASTM D648.
Flexible elongation
330 to 430 %
measured
Two flexible grades entered here reach 330 % (APEX 590) and 430 % (APEX 90-R471U-70-NT) elongation at break, ASTM D638.
Flame
51 %
measured
The flame-retardant plenum compound has an oxygen index of 51 % (ASTM D2863). UL 94 V-0 is printed for three rigid compounds.
How it compares
Within the rigid compounds, density, yield strength and heat deflection all change with the grade: specific gravity runs from 1.32 to 1.54, yield strength from 38.2 to 53.4 MPa, and heat deflection at 1.8 MPa from 57 to 72.2 °C. The flexible grades span 1.18 to 1.62 g/cc (specific gravity), and two of the grades entered here reach 330 % (APEX 590) and 430 % (APEX 90-R471U-70-NT) elongation at break.
The same measurements for each material, so you can compare them. Each row names the key condition under the value; the full conditions and methods are in the numbered notes under Technical details. Other materials are shown beside it; each was measured under its own conditions, so open its page before comparing closely. Compare every grade in the family.
| Measurement | PVC | COC | EPDM | HDPE | PMP (TPX) | PE | PK | PP | UHMWPE |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Thermal behavior and safety | |||||||||
| Deflection temperature at 1.8 MPa, Geon 161J-4-DD (unannealed, 3.18 mm) | 69.4 °C21 | 127 °C | no data | 165 to 176 °F | 127 °C | no data | no data | 97 °C | 46.7 °C |
| Deflection temperature at 1.8 MPa, Geon Vinyl Dry Blend E6001 (unannealed, 3.18 mm) | 72.2 °C22 | 127 °C | no data | 165 to 176 °F | 127 °C | no data | no data | 97 °C | 46.7 °C |
| Deflection temperature at 1.8 MPa, Novablend 6602 opaque molding compound (unannealed, 3.18 mm) | 57 °C23 | 127 °C | no data | 165 to 176 °F | 127 °C | no data | no data | 97 °C | 46.7 °C |
| Physical and electrical | |||||||||
| Specific gravity, Geon 161J-4-DD clear bottle grade | 1.32 g/cc1 | 1020 kg/m3 | 1.19 g/cm³ | 0.959 g/cm³ | 833 kg/m3 | 0.959 g/cm³ | 0.948 g/cm³ | 0.9 g/cm³ | 0.93 g/cc |
| Specific gravity, Geon 87548 transparent profile compound | 1.33 g/cc2 | 1020 kg/m3 | 1.19 g/cm³ | 0.959 g/cm³ | 833 kg/m3 | 0.959 g/cm³ | 0.948 g/cm³ | 0.9 g/cm³ | 0.93 g/cc |
| Specific gravity, Geon Vinyl Dry Blend E6001 rigid profile compound | 1.54 g/cc3 | 1020 kg/m3 | 1.19 g/cm³ | 0.959 g/cm³ | 833 kg/m3 | 0.959 g/cm³ | 0.948 g/cm³ | 0.9 g/cm³ | 0.93 g/cc |
| Density, Fainplast RE 412/L rigid extrusion grade (corrugated plastics) | 1.5 to 1.54 g/cc4 | 1020 kg/m3 | 1.19 g/cm³ | 0.959 g/cm³ | 833 kg/m3 | 0.959 g/cm³ | 0.948 g/cm³ | 0.9 g/cm³ | 0.93 g/cc |
| Hardness Shore D, Geon 161J-4-DD | 80 Shore D15 | no data | no data | no data | no data | no data | no data | no data | no data |
| Hardness Shore D, Geon 87548 (15 s) | 82 Shore D16 | no data | no data | no data | no data | no data | no data | no data | no data |
| Hardness Shore D, Geon Vinyl Dry Blend E6001 | 84 Shore D17 | no data | no data | no data | no data | no data | no data | no data | no data |
| Specific gravity, Teknor Apex APEX 590 wire jacketing and tubing grade | 1.25 g/cc28 | 1020 kg/m3 | 1.19 g/cm³ | 0.959 g/cm³ | 833 kg/m3 | 0.959 g/cm³ | 0.948 g/cm³ | 0.9 g/cm³ | 0.93 g/cc |
| Specific gravity, Teknor Apex Fireguard 910L16-C1A-NL1 plenum cable jacket compound | 1.62 g/cc29 | 1020 kg/m3 | 1.19 g/cm³ | 0.959 g/cm³ | 833 kg/m3 | 0.959 g/cm³ | 0.948 g/cm³ | 0.9 g/cm³ | 0.93 g/cc |
| Specific gravity, Teknor Apex APEX 90-R471U-70-NT medical grade (PDF datasheet) | 1.18 g/cc30 | 1020 kg/m3 | 1.19 g/cm³ | 0.959 g/cm³ | 833 kg/m3 | 0.959 g/cm³ | 0.948 g/cm³ | 0.9 g/cm³ | 0.93 g/cc |
| Hardness Shore A, Teknor Apex APEX 590 (15 s) | 90 Shore A31 | no data | no data | no data | no data | no data | no data | no data | no data |
| Hardness Shore A, Teknor Apex APEX 90-R471U-70-NT (15 s, PDF datasheet) | 70 Shore A32 | no data | no data | no data | no data | no data | no data | no data | no data |
| Bulk density, SolVin 267RC suspension homopolymer extrusion gradeISO 60, producer data page (via lookpolymers) | 0.58 g/cc44 | no data | no data | no data | no data | no data | no data | no data | no data |
| Temperature behavior | |||||||||
| Vicat softening point, Fainplast RK 320 lead-free indoor profile grade | 79 to 81 °C24 | 133 °C | no data | 80 °C | 168 °C | no data | 49 °C | 130 °C | no data |
| Processing melt temperature, Geon Vinyl Dry Blend E6001 (processing window) | 191 to 199 °C27 | no data | no data | no data | no data | no data | no data | no data | no data |
| Brittleness temperature, Teknor Apex APEX 590ASTM D746, producer data page (via lookpolymers) | -17 °C39 | no data | no data | no data | no data | no data | no data | no data | no data |
| Brittleness temperature, Geon R295AE flexible gradeASTM D746, producer data page (via lookpolymers) | -37.2 °C40 | no data | no data | no data | no data | no data | no data | no data | no data |
| Other measurements | |||||||||
| Tensile strength at yield, Geon 161J-4-DD | 44.8 MPa5 | no data | no data | 290 kg/cm² | 30 MPa | 290 kg/cm² | no data | no data | 19.3 MPa |
| Tensile strength at yield, Geon 87548 profile compound | 53.4 MPa6 | no data | no data | 290 kg/cm² | 30 MPa | 290 kg/cm² | no data | no data | 19.3 MPa |
| Tensile strength at yield, Geon Vinyl Dry Blend E6001 | 38.2 MPa7 | no data | no data | 290 kg/cm² | 30 MPa | 290 kg/cm² | no data | no data | 19.3 MPa |
| Tensile strength at break, Fainplast RK 320 lead-free indoor profile gradeISO R 527, producer data page (via lookpolymers) | 33 MPa8 | 46 MPa | 10.5 MPa | no data | 25 MPa | 21 MPa | 19 MPa | no data | 40 MPa |
| Elongation at break, Fainplast RE 412/L rigid extrusion gradeISO R 527, producer data page (via lookpolymers) | 140 %9 | 120 % | 255 % | > 400 % | 22 % | 400 % | 25 % | no data | 300 % |
| Tensile modulus, Geon 161J-4-DD | 2.3 GPa10 | 3200 MPa | no data | 750 MPa | 1900 MPa | 13000 kg/cm² | no data | no data | 0.552 GPa |
| Tensile modulus, Geon 87548 profile compound | 2.79 GPa11 | 3200 MPa | no data | 750 MPa | 1900 MPa | 13000 kg/cm² | no data | no data | 0.552 GPa |
| Tensile modulus, Geon Vinyl Dry Blend E6001 | 3.72 GPa12 | 3200 MPa | no data | 750 MPa | 1900 MPa | 13000 kg/cm² | no data | no data | 0.552 GPa |
| Flexural strength, Geon 87548 profile compoundASTM D790, producer data page (via lookpolymers) | 88.5 MPa13 | no data | no data | no data | 36 MPa | no data | no data | no data | 24.1 MPa |
| Flexural modulus, Geon 161J-4-DDASTM D790, producer data page (via lookpolymers) | 2.65 GPa14 | no data | no data | 13000 kg/cm² | 1450 MPa | no data | 24 MPa | 1480 MPa | 0.6 GPa |
| Notched Izod impact, Geon 87548, injection molded | 11 J/cm18 | no data | no data | no data | no data | no data | no data | no data | no data |
| Notched Izod impact at 0 °C, Geon M5100 molding compound | 0.27 J/cm19 | no data | no data | no data | no data | no data | no data | no data | no data |
| Notched Izod impact at 23 °C, Geon M5100 molding compound | 1.1 J/cm20 | no data | no data | no data | no data | no data | no data | no data | no data |
| Coefficient of linear thermal expansion, Geon Vinyl Dry Blend E6001, parallel to flow | 54 µm/m-°C25 | no data | 8.9×10^-5 in/in/°F | no data | 1.17×10^-4 cm/cm°C | no data | no data | no data | 198 µm/m-°C |
| UL 746 relative thermal index, electrical, Geon HC 8210 medical device housing grade | 90 °C26 | no data | no data | no data | no data | no data | no data | no data | no data |
| Tensile strength at break, Teknor Apex APEX 590ASTM D638, producer data page (via lookpolymers) | 22.1 MPa33 | 46 MPa | 10.5 MPa | no data | 25 MPa | 21 MPa | 19 MPa | no data | 40 MPa |
| Tensile strength at break, Teknor Apex APEX 90-R471U-70-NT (PDF datasheet) | 13.1 MPa34 | 46 MPa | 10.5 MPa | no data | 25 MPa | 21 MPa | 19 MPa | no data | 40 MPa |
| Elongation at break, Teknor Apex APEX 590ASTM D638, producer data page (via lookpolymers) | 330 %35 | 120 % | 255 % | > 400 % | 22 % | 400 % | 25 % | no data | 300 % |
| Elongation at break, Teknor Apex APEX 90-R471U-70-NT (PDF datasheet) | 430 %36 | 120 % | 255 % | > 400 % | 22 % | 400 % | 25 % | no data | 300 % |
| Maximum service temperature in air, Teknor Apex APEX 590 (continuous use) | < 60 °C37 | no data | 150 °C | 180 °F | no data | no data | no data | no data | 82.2 °C |
| Maximum service temperature in air, Teknor Apex Fireguard 910L16 (continuous use) | < 60 °C38 | no data | 150 °C | 180 °F | no data | no data | no data | no data | 82.2 °C |
| Oxygen index, Teknor Apex Fireguard 910L16 (flame-retardant plenum grade) | 51 %41 | no data | no data | no data | no data | no data | no data | no data | no data |
| Oxygen index, Geon R295AE flexible grade (3.18 mm) | 25 %42 | no data | no data | no data | no data | no data | no data | no data | no data |
| Dielectric constant at 1 MHz, Teknor Apex Fireguard 910L16 | 3.58 -43 | no data | no data | no data | 2.11 - | no data | no data | no data | 2.3 - |
| K value, SolVin 267RC suspension homopolymer extrusion grade | 67 -45 | no data | no data | no data | no data | no data | no data | no data | no data |
| Residual vinyl chloride monomer, JPJ Technologies DG-1000 PVC resin | < 1 ug/g46 | no data | no data | no data | no data | no data | no data | no data | no data |
Why choose it, and why not
Good for
- Stiff profiles, pipes and window frames: rigid compounds with a tensile yield strength of 38.2 to 53.4 MPa.
- Flame-rated rigid parts: UL 94 V-0 is printed for the Geon L1101, L7005 and HC 8210 compounds.
- Flexible cable jacketing: the Fireguard plenum compound has an oxygen index of 51 %.
Watch out for
- Heat: rigid compounds deflect under load at 57 to 72.2 °C (1.8 MPa). No melting point is printed, and the processing melt temperatures are not melting points.
- Cold: the flexible APEX 590 grade is brittle at -17 °C (ASTM D746), and the Geon R295AE grade at -37.2 °C.
- Impact: the Geon M5100 molding compound gives a notched Izod of 0.27 J/cm at 0 °C, against 1.1 J/cm at 23 °C.
- Data gaps: no glass transition, no continuous-use service limit for rigid compounds, and no pipe test data were read.
Rigid PVC (uPVC) is a dense, stiff and flame-rated thermoplastic whose compounds deflect under load near 57 to 72.2 °C. Flexible PVC trades stiffness and heat resistance for elongation. The record has no glass transition, no sharp melting point and no pipe-specific test values.
Technical details
For scientists and researchers. Everything above comes from the record below: every number with its method, its conditions and its source.
Other names and standards
The same grade under other systems, as datasheets and standards print them. Each code was checked against the page it comes from.
| System | Codes |
|---|---|
| CAS | 9002-86-2 |
| ASTM | 16343, 1-42434-33, 10264 |
| Name | PVC, uPVC, polyvinyl chloride |
Notes
The method, full conditions and any caveat for the numbered rows above.
| # | Measurement | Method | Conditions | Caveat |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Specific gravity, Geon 161J-4-DD clear bottle grade | ASTM D792 specific gravity in g/cc, producer data page (via lookpolymers) | type rigid (PVC, Rigid Grade as printed)form pelletstest ASTM D792temperature not statedgrade Geon 161J-4-DD (PolyOne)plasticiser none printed | — |
| 2 | Specific gravity, Geon 87548 transparent profile compound | ASTM D792 specific gravity in g/cc, producer data page (via lookpolymers) | type rigid (PVC, Rigid Grade as printed)form pelletstest ASTM D792temperature not statedgrade Geon 87548 (PolyOne)plasticiser none printed | — |
| 3 | Specific gravity, Geon Vinyl Dry Blend E6001 rigid profile compound | ASTM D792 specific gravity in g/cc, producer data page (via lookpolymers) | type rigid (PVC, Rigid Grade as printed)form powder (dry blend)test ASTM D792temperature not statedgrade Geon Vinyl Dry Blend E6001 (PolyOne)plasticiser none printed | — |
| 4 | Density, Fainplast RE 412/L rigid extrusion grade (corrugated plastics) | ISO R 1184 density given as a range, producer data page (via lookpolymers) | type rigid (PVC, Rigid Grade as printed)form not statedtest ISO R 1184temperature not statedgrade Fainplast Compounds RE 412/Lplasticiser none printed | — |
| 5 | Tensile strength at yield, Geon 161J-4-DD | ASTM D638 Type I, 51 mm/min, producer data page (via lookpolymers) | type rigid (PVC, Rigid Grade as printed)form pelletstest ASTM D638 Type I, 51 mm/mintemperature not statedgrade Geon 161J-4-DD (PolyOne)plasticiser none printed | — |
| 6 | Tensile strength at yield, Geon 87548 profile compound | ASTM D638 Type I, 5.1 mm/min, producer data page (via lookpolymers) | type rigid (PVC, Rigid Grade as printed)form pelletstest ASTM D638 Type I, 5.1 mm/mintemperature not statedgrade Geon 87548 (PolyOne)plasticiser none printed | — |
| 7 | Tensile strength at yield, Geon Vinyl Dry Blend E6001 | ASTM D638 Type I, 5.1 mm/min, producer data page (via lookpolymers) | type rigid (PVC, Rigid Grade as printed)form powder (dry blend)test ASTM D638 Type I, 5.1 mm/mintemperature not statedgrade Geon Vinyl Dry Blend E6001 (PolyOne)plasticiser none printed | — |
| 8 | Tensile strength at break, Fainplast RK 320 lead-free indoor profile grade | — | type rigid (PVC, Rigid Grade as printed)form not statedtest ISO R 527temperature not statedgrade Fainplast Compounds RK 320plasticiser none printed | — |
| 9 | Elongation at break, Fainplast RE 412/L rigid extrusion grade | — | type rigid (PVC, Rigid Grade as printed)form not statedtest ISO R 527temperature not statedgrade Fainplast Compounds RE 412/Lplasticiser none printed | — |
| 10 | Tensile modulus, Geon 161J-4-DD | ASTM D638 Type I, 5.1 mm/min, producer data page (via lookpolymers) | type rigid (PVC, Rigid Grade as printed)form pelletstest ASTM D638 Type I, 5.1 mm/mintemperature not statedgrade Geon 161J-4-DD (PolyOne)plasticiser none printed | — |
| 11 | Tensile modulus, Geon 87548 profile compound | ASTM D638 Type I, 5.1 mm/min, producer data page (via lookpolymers) | type rigid (PVC, Rigid Grade as printed)form pelletstest ASTM D638 Type I, 5.1 mm/mintemperature not statedgrade Geon 87548 (PolyOne)plasticiser none printed | — |
| 12 | Tensile modulus, Geon Vinyl Dry Blend E6001 | ASTM D638 Type I, 5.1 mm/min, producer data page (via lookpolymers) | type rigid (PVC, Rigid Grade as printed)form powder (dry blend)test ASTM D638 Type I, 5.1 mm/mintemperature not statedgrade Geon Vinyl Dry Blend E6001 (PolyOne)plasticiser none printed | — |
| 13 | Flexural strength, Geon 87548 profile compound | — | type rigid (PVC, Rigid Grade as printed)form pelletstest ASTM D790temperature not statedgrade Geon 87548 (PolyOne)plasticiser none printed | — |
| 14 | Flexural modulus, Geon 161J-4-DD | — | type rigid (PVC, Rigid Grade as printed)form pelletstest ASTM D790temperature not statedgrade Geon 161J-4-DD (PolyOne)plasticiser none printed | — |
| 15 | Hardness Shore D, Geon 161J-4-DD | ASTM D2240, time not printed, producer data page (via lookpolymers) | type rigid (PVC, Rigid Grade as printed)form pelletstest ASTM D2240temperature not statedgrade Geon 161J-4-DD (PolyOne)plasticiser none printed | — |
| 16 | Hardness Shore D, Geon 87548 (15 s) | ASTM D2240, 15 s, producer data page (via lookpolymers) | type rigid (PVC, Rigid Grade as printed)form pelletstest ASTM D2240, 15 stemperature not statedgrade Geon 87548 (PolyOne)plasticiser none printed | — |
| 17 | Hardness Shore D, Geon Vinyl Dry Blend E6001 | ASTM D2240, time not printed, producer data page (via lookpolymers) | type rigid (PVC, Rigid Grade as printed)form powder (dry blend)test ASTM D2240temperature not statedgrade Geon Vinyl Dry Blend E6001 (PolyOne)plasticiser none printed | — |
| 18 | Notched Izod impact, Geon 87548, injection molded | ASTM D256A, injection molded, producer data page (via lookpolymers) | type rigid (PVC, Rigid Grade as printed)form pelletstest ASTM D256A, 3.18 mm, injection moldedtemperature 23 °Cgrade Geon 87548 (PolyOne)plasticiser none printed | — |
| 19 | Notched Izod impact at 0 °C, Geon M5100 molding compound | ASTM D256A, injection molded, producer data page (via lookpolymers) | type rigid (PVC, Rigid Grade as printed)form pelletstest ASTM D256A, 3.18 mm, injection moldedtemperature 0 °C (printed as 0.000 °C)grade Geon M5100 natural (PolyOne)plasticiser none printed | — |
| 20 | Notched Izod impact at 23 °C, Geon M5100 molding compound | ASTM D256A, injection molded, producer data page (via lookpolymers) | type rigid (PVC, Rigid Grade as printed)form pelletstest ASTM D256A, 3.18 mm, injection moldedtemperature 23 °Cgrade Geon M5100 natural (PolyOne)plasticiser none printed | — |
| 21 | Deflection temperature at 1.8 MPa, Geon 161J-4-DD (unannealed, 3.18 mm) | ASTM D648, 1.8 MPa, unannealed, 3.18 mm, producer data page (via lookpolymers) | type rigid (PVC, Rigid Grade as printed)form pelletstest ASTM D648, 1.8 MPa, unannealed, 3.18 mmtemperature value is the deflection temperaturegrade Geon 161J-4-DD (PolyOne)plasticiser none printed | — |
| 22 | Deflection temperature at 1.8 MPa, Geon Vinyl Dry Blend E6001 (unannealed, 3.18 mm) | ASTM D648, 1.8 MPa, unannealed, 3.18 mm, producer data page (via lookpolymers) | type rigid (PVC, Rigid Grade as printed)form powder (dry blend)test ASTM D648, 1.8 MPa, unannealed, 3.18 mmtemperature value is the deflection temperaturegrade Geon Vinyl Dry Blend E6001 (PolyOne)plasticiser none printed | — |
| 23 | Deflection temperature at 1.8 MPa, Novablend 6602 opaque molding compound (unannealed, 3.18 mm) | ASTM D648, 1.8 MPa, unannealed, 3.18 mm, producer data page (via lookpolymers) | type rigid (PVC, Rigid Grade as printed)form pelletstest ASTM D648, 1.8 MPa, unannealed, 3.18 mmtemperature value is the deflection temperaturegrade Novablend 6602 (PolyOne)plasticiser none printed | — |
| 24 | Vicat softening point, Fainplast RK 320 lead-free indoor profile grade | ISO R306, load 5.00 kg, producer data page (via lookpolymers) | type rigid (PVC, Rigid Grade as printed)form not statedtest ISO R306, load 5.00 kgtemperature value is the softening temperature at 5.00 kg loadgrade Fainplast Compounds RK 320plasticiser none printed | — |
| 25 | Coefficient of linear thermal expansion, Geon Vinyl Dry Blend E6001, parallel to flow | ASTM D696, parallel to flow, producer data page (via lookpolymers) | type rigid (PVC, Rigid Grade as printed)form powder (dry blend)test ASTM D696temperature not statedgrade Geon Vinyl Dry Blend E6001 (PolyOne)plasticiser none printed | — |
| 26 | UL 746 relative thermal index, electrical, Geon HC 8210 medical device housing grade | UL 746 relative thermal index, producer data page (via lookpolymers) | type rigid (PVC, Rigid Grade as printed)form pelletstest UL 746temperature rating, not a test temperaturegrade Geon HC 8210 (PolyOne)plasticiser none printed | — |
| 27 | Processing melt temperature, Geon Vinyl Dry Blend E6001 (processing window) | producer processing window, producer data page (via lookpolymers) | type rigid (PVC, Rigid Grade as printed)form powder (dry blend)test producer processing window, no test method printedtemperature processing rangegrade Geon Vinyl Dry Blend E6001 (PolyOne)plasticiser none printed | — |
| 28 | Specific gravity, Teknor Apex APEX 590 wire jacketing and tubing grade | ASTM D792 specific gravity in g/cc, producer data page (via lookpolymers) | type flexible (PVC, Flexible Grade as printed)form pelletstest ASTM D792temperature not statedgrade Teknor Apex APEX 590plasticiser content not printed | — |
| 29 | Specific gravity, Teknor Apex Fireguard 910L16-C1A-NL1 plenum cable jacket compound | ASTM D792 specific gravity in g/cc, producer data page (via lookpolymers) | type flexible (PVC, Flexible Grade as printed)form not statedtest ASTM D792temperature not statedgrade Teknor Apex Fireguard 910L16-C1A-NL1plasticiser content not printed | — |
| 30 | Specific gravity, Teknor Apex APEX 90-R471U-70-NT medical grade (PDF datasheet) | ASTM D792 specific gravity, printed in g/cc (PDF datasheet), producer data page (via lookpolymers) | type flexible (PVC, Flexible Grade as printed)form pelletstest ASTM D792temperature not statedgrade Teknor Apex APEX 90-R471U-70-NTplasticiser content not printed | — |
| 31 | Hardness Shore A, Teknor Apex APEX 590 (15 s) | ASTM D2240, 15 s, producer data page (via lookpolymers) | type flexible (PVC, Flexible Grade as printed)form pelletstest ASTM D2240, 15 stemperature not statedgrade Teknor Apex APEX 590plasticiser content not printed | — |
| 32 | Hardness Shore A, Teknor Apex APEX 90-R471U-70-NT (15 s, PDF datasheet) | ASTM D2240, 15 s (PDF datasheet), producer data page (via lookpolymers) | type flexible (PVC, Flexible Grade as printed)form pelletstest ASTM D2240, 15 stemperature not statedgrade Teknor Apex APEX 90-R471U-70-NTplasticiser content not printed | — |
| 33 | Tensile strength at break, Teknor Apex APEX 590 | — | type flexible (PVC, Flexible Grade as printed)form pelletstest ASTM D638temperature not statedgrade Teknor Apex APEX 590plasticiser content not printed | — |
| 34 | Tensile strength at break, Teknor Apex APEX 90-R471U-70-NT (PDF datasheet) | ASTM D638 (PDF datasheet), producer data page (via lookpolymers) | type flexible (PVC, Flexible Grade as printed)form pelletstest ASTM D638temperature not statedgrade Teknor Apex APEX 90-R471U-70-NTplasticiser content not printed | — |
| 35 | Elongation at break, Teknor Apex APEX 590 | — | type flexible (PVC, Flexible Grade as printed)form pelletstest ASTM D638temperature not statedgrade Teknor Apex APEX 590plasticiser content not printed | — |
| 36 | Elongation at break, Teknor Apex APEX 90-R471U-70-NT (PDF datasheet) | ASTM D638 (PDF datasheet), producer data page (via lookpolymers) | type flexible (PVC, Flexible Grade as printed)form pelletstest ASTM D638temperature not statedgrade Teknor Apex APEX 90-R471U-70-NTplasticiser content not printed | — |
| 37 | Maximum service temperature in air, Teknor Apex APEX 590 (continuous use) | ASTM D794, continuous use, producer data page (via lookpolymers) | type flexible (PVC, Flexible Grade as printed)form pelletstest ASTM D794, continuous usetemperature continuous use in air; value is the limitgrade Teknor Apex APEX 590plasticiser content not printed | — |
| 38 | Maximum service temperature in air, Teknor Apex Fireguard 910L16 (continuous use) | ASTM D794, continuous use, producer data page (via lookpolymers) | type flexible (PVC, Flexible Grade as printed)form not statedtest ASTM D794, continuous usetemperature continuous use in air; value is the limitgrade Teknor Apex Fireguard 910L16-C1A-NL1plasticiser content not printed | — |
| 39 | Brittleness temperature, Teknor Apex APEX 590 | — | type flexible (PVC, Flexible Grade as printed)form pelletstest ASTM D746temperature value is the brittleness temperaturegrade Teknor Apex APEX 590plasticiser content not printed | — |
| 40 | Brittleness temperature, Geon R295AE flexible grade | — | type flexible (PVC, Flexible Grade as printed)form pelletstest ASTM D746temperature value is the brittleness temperaturegrade Geon R295AE (PolyOne)plasticiser content not printed | — |
| 41 | Oxygen index, Teknor Apex Fireguard 910L16 (flame-retardant plenum grade) | ASTM D2863, producer data page (via lookpolymers) | type flexible (PVC, Flexible Grade as printed)form not statedtest ASTM D2863temperature not statedgrade Teknor Apex Fireguard 910L16-C1A-NL1plasticiser content not printed | — |
| 42 | Oxygen index, Geon R295AE flexible grade (3.18 mm) | ASTM D2863, 3.18 mm, producer data page (via lookpolymers) | type flexible (PVC, Flexible Grade as printed)form pelletstest ASTM D2863, 3.18 mmtemperature not statedgrade Geon R295AE (PolyOne)plasticiser content not printed | — |
| 43 | Dielectric constant at 1 MHz, Teknor Apex Fireguard 910L16 | ASTM D150 at 1.00e+6 Hz, producer data page (via lookpolymers) | type flexible (PVC, Flexible Grade as printed)form not statedtest ASTM D150, 1.00e+6 Hztemperature not statedgrade Teknor Apex Fireguard 910L16-C1A-NL1plasticiser content not printed | — |
| 44 | Bulk density, SolVin 267RC suspension homopolymer extrusion grade | — | type PVC resin, unplasticised homopolymer (as printed)form resin powder (suspension homopolymer)test ISO 60temperature not statedgrade SolVin 267RC (SolVin)plasticiser none printed | — |
| 45 | K value, SolVin 267RC suspension homopolymer extrusion grade | ISO 1628-2, producer data page (via lookpolymers) | type PVC resin, unplasticised homopolymer (as printed)form resin powder (suspension homopolymer)test ISO 1628-2temperature not statedgrade SolVin 267RC (SolVin)plasticiser none printed | — |
| 46 | Residual vinyl chloride monomer, JPJ Technologies DG-1000 PVC resin | test method not printed (VCM residuals), producer data page (via lookpolymers) | type PVC resin, unplasticised homopolymer (as printed)form not statedtest not statedtemperature not statedgrade JPJ Technologies DG-1000 PVCplasticiser none printed | — |
Corrosion and compatibility
What happens when it meets other materials and environments.
| Environment | Concern | What happens |
|---|---|---|
| Weathering, indoor and outdoor exposure | low | The Novablend 6602 producer note describes excellent indoor and outdoor weathering.1 |
| Chemical exposure (producer claim) | low | The Geon HC 8210 producer note claims enhanced chemical resistance.2 |
| Water and moisture | low | PVC is described as water resistant and is used for water pipes.3 |
| Heat ageing (UL 746 relative thermal index) | not rated | The UL 746 electrical relative thermal index of HC 8210 is printed as 90 °C.4 |
| # | Environment | Details | Test conditions |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Weathering, indoor and outdoor exposure | PolyOne's product note for Novablend 6602 gives excellent indoor and outdoor weathering, and the UL outdoor suitability rating is printed as f1. No exposure time, dose or retained-property value is printed. | basis producer product note and UL outdoor rating; no test printed |
| 2 | Chemical exposure (producer claim) | PolyOne's note for HC 8210 says the grade offers enhanced chemical resistance for medical device housings. No reagent, concentration, time or retained-property value is printed. | basis producer product note; no test medium printed |
| 3 | Water and moisture | The Polymer Science Learning Center (University of Southern Mississippi) says PVC resists water and is used for raincoats, shower curtains and water pipes. No immersion time or water uptake value is given. | basis qualitative teaching page |
| 4 | Heat ageing (UL 746 relative thermal index) | The page prints a UL 746 electrical relative thermal index of 90.0 °C for HC 8210. It prints no ageing time at temperature and no retained property after heat ageing. | basis UL 746 rating as printed |
Risks and side effects
Hazards to people, what happens when a cell overheats, and how the material is handled and stored.
For people
The monomer and the plasticiser DEHP carry hazard statements in PubChem. No hazard statement for the PVC resin itself is recorded here.
- Vinyl chloride
- PubChem's aggregated notifications list H220 (extremely flammable gas), H350 (may cause cancer) and H341 (suspected of causing genetic defects) for the monomer.
- Residual monomer
- The JPJ Technologies DG-1000 resin prints residual vinyl chloride monomer below 1 ug/g.
If it burns
Burning PVC produces gases. This profile records only the PubChem hazard of hydrogen chloride gas, because no SDS or PubChem record for PVC was read to confirm what a burning compound releases.
- Flame rating
- UL 94 V-0 is printed for the rigid compounds Geon L1101, L7005 and HC 8210.
- Hydrogen chloride
- Hydrogen chloride gas carries H314 (severe skin burns and eye damage) and H331 (toxic if inhaled) in PubChem.
Handling and storage
- Processing
- Geon Vinyl Dry Blend E6001 prints a melt temperature of 191 to 199 °C.
- Water contact
- Geon M5100 is listed with NSF 61.
Test details
The original wording and numbers from the sources, for readers who want them.
Failure risks
| Failure | Trigger and consequence |
|---|---|
| Deflection under load in servicemoderate severity | Load of 1.8 MPa on a 3.18 mm bar, ASTM D648, unannealedDeflection temperature is 57.0 °C for the unannealed Novablend 6602 compound, against 72.2 °C for the unannealed Geon Vinyl Dry Blend E6001 under the same test. |
| Brittle fracture of flexible PVC in cold servicemoderate severity | Service below the brittleness temperature, ASTM D746The APEX 590 wire-jacket grade has a brittleness temperature of -17.0 °C, so it is not suitable for service colder than that. |
| Loss of notched impact at 0 °C in a molding compoundmoderate severity | Notched Izod at 0 °C, ASTM D256A, injection moldedGeon M5100 gives 0.27 J/cm at 0 °C, against 1.1 J/cm at 23 °C. |
Side effects on surrounding parts
| Affects | Effect |
|---|---|
| Resin purity and worker exposure during processing | Residual vinyl chloride monomer is printed as less than 1 ug/g in the JPJ DG-1000 PVC resin. |
Handling and storage
- Melt-process the Geon Vinyl Dry Blend E6001 at 191 to 199 °C, the processing window printed on its data page.
- For drinking-water contact, use a rated grade: Geon M5100 is listed with NSF 61.
Mitigations
- UL 94 V-0 is printed for the rigid compound Geon L1101 (UL 94).
- UL 94 V-0 is printed for the rigid compound Geon L7005 at 0.749 mm.
- UL 94 V-0 is printed for the rigid compound Geon HC 8210 at 1.60 mm, with UL RTI ratings printed alongside.
- The Fireguard 910L16 flame-retardant plenum compound has an oxygen index of 51 % (ASTM D2863).
- Use a lead-free grade where lead stabilisers are restricted: Fainplast RK 320 is named Lead Free.
Supply and geography
How common the raw materials are and where they come from.
Salt (sodium chloride), feedstock for chlorine
- Top producers (2025)
- China 20.7%, United States 14.8%, India 11.1%, Germany 5.6%, Canada 4.8%
- Recycling
- USGS salt summary gives recycling as none for salt
- Substitutes
- USGS salt summary: for most applications no economic substitutes exist for salt
Chlorine from salt brine (chlor-alkali route to PVC)
- Recycling
- not found for PVC in a readable source
Documents
Datasheets, safety data sheets, papers and standards you can open.
Full record
The complete spore, as stored. Free to reuse under CC-BY-4.0. Images keep the licence shown with each one.
Show the full YAML
spore: profile
id: pvc
spore_version: 0.2
family: polyolefins
name: Polyvinyl chloride
abbreviation: PVC
role: rigid pipe and profile thermoplastic (uPVC); plasticised for flexible cable jackets and tubing
category: polymers
type: polyolefins
summary: Polyvinyl chloride (PVC) is a vinyl polymer made from vinyl chloride. Rigid PVC (uPVC) compounds read for this profile have a specific gravity of 1.32 to 1.54 and a tensile yield strength of 38.2 to 53.4 MPa, and they deflect under a 1.8 MPa load at 57 to 72.2 °C. Flexible (plasticised) grades reach 330 to 430 % elongation at break, and two cable grades are rated to 60 °C continuous use in air.
best_for: Stiff, dense, flame-rated rigid profiles, pipes and window frames, and flexible cable jackets where elongation matters
weakest_at: 'Heat under load: rigid compounds deflect at 57 to 72.2 °C under 1.8 MPa, and the flexible cable grades are rated to 60 °C for continuous use'
identity:
formula: (C2H3Cl)n, polymer of vinyl chloride with the repeat unit -CH2-CHCl-
cas: 9002-86-2
source: kegg-pvc
where: Other DBs section of KEGG entry C19508 (CAS 9002-86-2, formula (C2H3Cl)n); ChEBI 53243 gives the same formula
designations:
- system: CAS
code: 9002-86-2
source: kegg-pvc
where: Other DBs, CAS
- system: Name
code: PVC
source: wiki-pvc
where: Lead paragraph, abbreviation PVC
- system: Name
code: uPVC
source: wiki-pvc
where: Uses paragraph, uPVC gutters
- system: Name
code: polyvinyl chloride
source: chebi-pvc
where: Synonym list, polyvinyl chloride (submitter synonym)
- system: ASTM
code: '16343'
note: PVC cell classification, ASTM D1784, Geon L1101 rigid profile compound
source: lp-geon-l1101
where: Descriptive Properties, PVC Cell Classification
- system: ASTM
code: 1-42434-33
note: PVC cell classification, ASTM D4216, Geon L7005 rigid profile compound
source: lp-geon-l7005
where: Descriptive Properties, PVC Cell Classification
- system: ASTM
code: '10264'
note: PVC cell classification, ASTM D1784, Geon Vinyl Dry Blend E6001
source: lp-geon-e6001
where: Descriptive Properties, PVC Cell Classification
tags:
environments: []
stresses: []
applications:
- structures
- electronics-and-chips
properties:
- benchmark: density
label: Specific gravity, Geon 161J-4-DD clear bottle grade
value: 1.32
unit: g/cc
scope: material
conditions:
type: rigid (PVC, Rigid Grade as printed)
form: pellets
test: ASTM D792
temperature: not stated
grade: Geon 161J-4-DD (PolyOne)
plasticiser: none printed
method: ASTM D792 specific gravity in g/cc, producer data page (via lookpolymers)
status: ground
source: lp-geon-161j
where: Physical Properties, Specific Gravity
- benchmark: density
label: Specific gravity, Geon 87548 transparent profile compound
value: 1.33
unit: g/cc
scope: material
conditions:
type: rigid (PVC, Rigid Grade as printed)
form: pellets
test: ASTM D792
temperature: not stated
grade: Geon 87548 (PolyOne)
plasticiser: none printed
method: ASTM D792 specific gravity in g/cc, producer data page (via lookpolymers)
status: ground
source: lp-geon-87548
where: Physical Properties, Specific Gravity
- benchmark: density
label: Specific gravity, Geon Vinyl Dry Blend E6001 rigid profile compound
value: 1.54
unit: g/cc
scope: material
conditions:
type: rigid (PVC, Rigid Grade as printed)
form: powder (dry blend)
test: ASTM D792
temperature: not stated
grade: Geon Vinyl Dry Blend E6001 (PolyOne)
plasticiser: none printed
method: ASTM D792 specific gravity in g/cc, producer data page (via lookpolymers)
status: ground
source: lp-geon-e6001
where: Physical Properties, Specific Gravity
- benchmark: density
label: Density, Fainplast RE 412/L rigid extrusion grade (corrugated plastics)
value: 1.5
unit: g/cc
scope: material
conditions:
type: rigid (PVC, Rigid Grade as printed)
form: not stated
test: ISO R 1184
temperature: not stated
grade: Fainplast Compounds RE 412/L
plasticiser: none printed
method: ISO R 1184 density given as a range, producer data page (via lookpolymers)
status: ground
source: lp-fain-re412
where: Physical Properties, Density
value_high: 1.54
bound: range
- benchmark: yield_strength
label: Tensile strength at yield, Geon 161J-4-DD
value: 44.8
unit: MPa
scope: material
conditions:
type: rigid (PVC, Rigid Grade as printed)
form: pellets
test: ASTM D638 Type I, 51 mm/min
temperature: not stated
grade: Geon 161J-4-DD (PolyOne)
plasticiser: none printed
method: ASTM D638 Type I, 51 mm/min, producer data page (via lookpolymers)
status: ground
source: lp-geon-161j
where: Mechanical Properties, Tensile Strength, Yield
- benchmark: yield_strength
label: Tensile strength at yield, Geon 87548 profile compound
value: 53.4
unit: MPa
scope: material
conditions:
type: rigid (PVC, Rigid Grade as printed)
form: pellets
test: ASTM D638 Type I, 5.1 mm/min
temperature: not stated
grade: Geon 87548 (PolyOne)
plasticiser: none printed
method: ASTM D638 Type I, 5.1 mm/min, producer data page (via lookpolymers)
status: ground
source: lp-geon-87548
where: Mechanical Properties, Tensile Strength, Yield
- benchmark: yield_strength
label: Tensile strength at yield, Geon Vinyl Dry Blend E6001
value: 38.2
unit: MPa
scope: material
conditions:
type: rigid (PVC, Rigid Grade as printed)
form: powder (dry blend)
test: ASTM D638 Type I, 5.1 mm/min
temperature: not stated
grade: Geon Vinyl Dry Blend E6001 (PolyOne)
plasticiser: none printed
method: ASTM D638 Type I, 5.1 mm/min, producer data page (via lookpolymers)
status: ground
source: lp-geon-e6001
where: Mechanical Properties, Tensile Strength, Yield
- benchmark: ultimate_tensile_strength
label: Tensile strength at break, Fainplast RK 320 lead-free indoor profile grade
value: 33
unit: MPa
scope: material
conditions:
type: rigid (PVC, Rigid Grade as printed)
form: not stated
test: ISO R 527
temperature: not stated
grade: Fainplast Compounds RK 320
plasticiser: none printed
method: ISO R 527, producer data page (via lookpolymers)
status: ground
source: lp-fain-rk320
where: Mechanical Properties, Tensile Strength at Break
- benchmark: elongation
label: Elongation at break, Fainplast RE 412/L rigid extrusion grade
value: 140
unit: '%'
scope: material
conditions:
type: rigid (PVC, Rigid Grade as printed)
form: not stated
test: ISO R 527
temperature: not stated
grade: Fainplast Compounds RE 412/L
plasticiser: none printed
method: ISO R 527, producer data page (via lookpolymers)
status: ground
source: lp-fain-re412
where: Mechanical Properties, Elongation at Break
- benchmark: elastic_modulus
label: Tensile modulus, Geon 161J-4-DD
value: 2.3
unit: GPa
scope: material
conditions:
type: rigid (PVC, Rigid Grade as printed)
form: pellets
test: ASTM D638 Type I, 5.1 mm/min
temperature: not stated
grade: Geon 161J-4-DD (PolyOne)
plasticiser: none printed
method: ASTM D638 Type I, 5.1 mm/min, producer data page (via lookpolymers)
status: ground
source: lp-geon-161j
where: Mechanical Properties, Tensile Modulus
- benchmark: elastic_modulus
label: Tensile modulus, Geon 87548 profile compound
value: 2.79
unit: GPa
scope: material
conditions:
type: rigid (PVC, Rigid Grade as printed)
form: pellets
test: ASTM D638 Type I, 5.1 mm/min
temperature: not stated
grade: Geon 87548 (PolyOne)
plasticiser: none printed
method: ASTM D638 Type I, 5.1 mm/min, producer data page (via lookpolymers)
status: ground
source: lp-geon-87548
where: Mechanical Properties, Tensile Modulus
- benchmark: elastic_modulus
label: Tensile modulus, Geon Vinyl Dry Blend E6001
value: 3.72
unit: GPa
scope: material
conditions:
type: rigid (PVC, Rigid Grade as printed)
form: powder (dry blend)
test: ASTM D638 Type I, 5.1 mm/min
temperature: not stated
grade: Geon Vinyl Dry Blend E6001 (PolyOne)
plasticiser: none printed
method: ASTM D638 Type I, 5.1 mm/min, producer data page (via lookpolymers)
status: ground
source: lp-geon-e6001
where: Mechanical Properties, Tensile Modulus
- benchmark: flexural_strength
label: Flexural strength, Geon 87548 profile compound
value: 88.5
unit: MPa
scope: material
conditions:
type: rigid (PVC, Rigid Grade as printed)
form: pellets
test: ASTM D790
temperature: not stated
grade: Geon 87548 (PolyOne)
plasticiser: none printed
method: ASTM D790, producer data page (via lookpolymers)
status: ground
source: lp-geon-87548
where: Mechanical Properties, Flexural Strength
- benchmark: flexural_modulus
label: Flexural modulus, Geon 161J-4-DD
value: 2.65
unit: GPa
scope: material
conditions:
type: rigid (PVC, Rigid Grade as printed)
form: pellets
test: ASTM D790
temperature: not stated
grade: Geon 161J-4-DD (PolyOne)
plasticiser: none printed
method: ASTM D790, producer data page (via lookpolymers)
status: ground
source: lp-geon-161j
where: Mechanical Properties, Flexural Modulus
- benchmark: hardness_shore_d
label: Hardness Shore D, Geon 161J-4-DD
value: 80
unit: Shore D
scope: material
conditions:
type: rigid (PVC, Rigid Grade as printed)
form: pellets
test: ASTM D2240
temperature: not stated
grade: Geon 161J-4-DD (PolyOne)
plasticiser: none printed
method: ASTM D2240, time not printed, producer data page (via lookpolymers)
status: ground
source: lp-geon-161j
where: Mechanical Properties, Hardness, Shore D
- benchmark: hardness_shore_d
label: Hardness Shore D, Geon 87548 (15 s)
value: 82
unit: Shore D
scope: material
conditions:
type: rigid (PVC, Rigid Grade as printed)
form: pellets
test: ASTM D2240, 15 s
temperature: not stated
grade: Geon 87548 (PolyOne)
plasticiser: none printed
method: ASTM D2240, 15 s, producer data page (via lookpolymers)
status: ground
source: lp-geon-87548
where: Mechanical Properties, Hardness, Shore D
- benchmark: hardness_shore_d
label: Hardness Shore D, Geon Vinyl Dry Blend E6001
value: 84
unit: Shore D
scope: material
conditions:
type: rigid (PVC, Rigid Grade as printed)
form: powder (dry blend)
test: ASTM D2240
temperature: not stated
grade: Geon Vinyl Dry Blend E6001 (PolyOne)
plasticiser: none printed
method: ASTM D2240, time not printed, producer data page (via lookpolymers)
status: ground
source: lp-geon-e6001
where: Mechanical Properties, Hardness, Shore D
- benchmark: izod_impact_notched
label: Notched Izod impact, Geon 87548, injection molded
value: 11
unit: J/cm
scope: material
conditions:
type: rigid (PVC, Rigid Grade as printed)
form: pellets
test: ASTM D256A, 3.18 mm, injection molded
temperature: 23 °C
grade: Geon 87548 (PolyOne)
plasticiser: none printed
method: ASTM D256A, injection molded, producer data page (via lookpolymers)
status: ground
source: lp-geon-87548
where: Mechanical Properties, Izod Impact, Notched (injection molded, 3.18 mm, 23.0 °C row)
- benchmark: izod_impact_notched
label: Notched Izod impact at 0 °C, Geon M5100 molding compound
value: 0.27
unit: J/cm
scope: material
conditions:
type: rigid (PVC, Rigid Grade as printed)
form: pellets
test: ASTM D256A, 3.18 mm, injection molded
temperature: 0 °C (printed as 0.000 °C)
grade: Geon M5100 natural (PolyOne)
plasticiser: none printed
method: ASTM D256A, injection molded, producer data page (via lookpolymers)
status: ground
source: lp-geon-m5100
where: Mechanical Properties, Izod Impact, Notched (injection molded, 3.18 mm, 0.000 °C row)
- benchmark: izod_impact_notched
label: Notched Izod impact at 23 °C, Geon M5100 molding compound
value: 1.1
unit: J/cm
scope: material
conditions:
type: rigid (PVC, Rigid Grade as printed)
form: pellets
test: ASTM D256A, 3.18 mm, injection molded
temperature: 23 °C
grade: Geon M5100 natural (PolyOne)
plasticiser: none printed
method: ASTM D256A, injection molded, producer data page (via lookpolymers)
status: ground
source: lp-geon-m5100
where: Mechanical Properties, Izod Impact, Notched (injection molded, 3.18 mm, 23.0 °C row)
- benchmark: heat_deflection_temperature
label: Deflection temperature at 1.8 MPa, Geon 161J-4-DD (unannealed, 3.18 mm)
value: 69.4
unit: °C
scope: material
conditions:
type: rigid (PVC, Rigid Grade as printed)
form: pellets
test: ASTM D648, 1.8 MPa, unannealed, 3.18 mm
temperature: value is the deflection temperature
grade: Geon 161J-4-DD (PolyOne)
plasticiser: none printed
method: ASTM D648, 1.8 MPa, unannealed, 3.18 mm, producer data page (via lookpolymers)
status: ground
source: lp-geon-161j
where: Thermal Properties, Deflection Temperature at 1.8 MPa (unannealed, 3.18 mm)
- benchmark: heat_deflection_temperature
label: Deflection temperature at 1.8 MPa, Geon Vinyl Dry Blend E6001 (unannealed, 3.18 mm)
value: 72.2
unit: °C
scope: material
conditions:
type: rigid (PVC, Rigid Grade as printed)
form: powder (dry blend)
test: ASTM D648, 1.8 MPa, unannealed, 3.18 mm
temperature: value is the deflection temperature
grade: Geon Vinyl Dry Blend E6001 (PolyOne)
plasticiser: none printed
method: ASTM D648, 1.8 MPa, unannealed, 3.18 mm, producer data page (via lookpolymers)
status: ground
source: lp-geon-e6001
where: Thermal Properties, Deflection Temperature at 1.8 MPa (unannealed, 3.18 mm)
- benchmark: heat_deflection_temperature
label: Deflection temperature at 1.8 MPa, Novablend 6602 opaque molding compound (unannealed, 3.18 mm)
value: 57
unit: °C
scope: material
conditions:
type: rigid (PVC, Rigid Grade as printed)
form: pellets
test: ASTM D648, 1.8 MPa, unannealed, 3.18 mm
temperature: value is the deflection temperature
grade: Novablend 6602 (PolyOne)
plasticiser: none printed
method: ASTM D648, 1.8 MPa, unannealed, 3.18 mm, producer data page (via lookpolymers)
status: ground
source: lp-novablend-6602
where: Thermal Properties, Deflection Temperature at 1.8 MPa (unannealed, 3.18 mm)
- benchmark: vicat_softening_temperature
label: Vicat softening point, Fainplast RK 320 lead-free indoor profile grade
value: 79
unit: °C
scope: material
conditions:
type: rigid (PVC, Rigid Grade as printed)
form: not stated
test: ISO R306, load 5.00 kg
temperature: value is the softening temperature at 5.00 kg load
grade: Fainplast Compounds RK 320
plasticiser: none printed
method: ISO R306, load 5.00 kg, producer data page (via lookpolymers)
status: ground
source: lp-fain-rk320
where: Thermal Properties, Vicat Softening Point
value_high: 81
bound: range
- benchmark: cte
label: Coefficient of linear thermal expansion, Geon Vinyl Dry Blend E6001, parallel to flow
value: 54
unit: µm/m-°C
scope: material
conditions:
type: rigid (PVC, Rigid Grade as printed)
form: powder (dry blend)
test: ASTM D696
temperature: not stated
grade: Geon Vinyl Dry Blend E6001 (PolyOne)
plasticiser: none printed
method: ASTM D696, parallel to flow, producer data page (via lookpolymers)
status: ground
source: lp-geon-e6001
where: Thermal Properties, CTE, linear, Parallel to Flow
- benchmark: ul_rti_electrical
label: UL 746 relative thermal index, electrical, Geon HC 8210 medical device housing grade
value: 90
unit: °C
scope: material
conditions:
type: rigid (PVC, Rigid Grade as printed)
form: pellets
test: UL 746
temperature: rating, not a test temperature
grade: Geon HC 8210 (PolyOne)
plasticiser: none printed
method: UL 746 relative thermal index, producer data page (via lookpolymers)
status: ground
source: lp-geon-hc8210
where: Thermal Properties, UL RTI, Electrical
- benchmark: melt_temperature_processing
label: Processing melt temperature, Geon Vinyl Dry Blend E6001 (processing window)
value: 191
unit: °C
scope: material
conditions:
type: rigid (PVC, Rigid Grade as printed)
form: powder (dry blend)
test: producer processing window, no test method printed
temperature: processing range
grade: Geon Vinyl Dry Blend E6001 (PolyOne)
plasticiser: none printed
method: producer processing window, producer data page (via lookpolymers)
status: ground
source: lp-geon-e6001
where: Processing Properties, Melt Temperature
value_high: 199
bound: range
- benchmark: density
label: Specific gravity, Teknor Apex APEX 590 wire jacketing and tubing grade
value: 1.25
unit: g/cc
scope: material
conditions:
type: flexible (PVC, Flexible Grade as printed)
form: pellets
test: ASTM D792
temperature: not stated
grade: Teknor Apex APEX 590
plasticiser: content not printed
method: ASTM D792 specific gravity in g/cc, producer data page (via lookpolymers)
status: ground
source: lp-apex590
where: Physical Properties, Specific Gravity
- benchmark: density
label: Specific gravity, Teknor Apex Fireguard 910L16-C1A-NL1 plenum cable jacket compound
value: 1.62
unit: g/cc
scope: material
conditions:
type: flexible (PVC, Flexible Grade as printed)
form: not stated
test: ASTM D792
temperature: not stated
grade: Teknor Apex Fireguard 910L16-C1A-NL1
plasticiser: content not printed
method: ASTM D792 specific gravity in g/cc, producer data page (via lookpolymers)
status: ground
source: lp-fireguard
where: Physical Properties, Specific Gravity
- benchmark: density
label: Specific gravity, Teknor Apex APEX 90-R471U-70-NT medical grade (PDF datasheet)
value: 1.18
unit: g/cc
scope: material
conditions:
type: flexible (PVC, Flexible Grade as printed)
form: pellets
test: ASTM D792
temperature: not stated
grade: Teknor Apex APEX 90-R471U-70-NT
plasticiser: content not printed
method: ASTM D792 specific gravity, printed in g/cc (PDF datasheet), producer data page (via lookpolymers)
status: ground
source: teknor-pdf-90r471u
where: Physical Properties, Specific Gravity
- benchmark: hardness_shore_a
label: Hardness Shore A, Teknor Apex APEX 590 (15 s)
value: 90
unit: Shore A
scope: material
conditions:
type: flexible (PVC, Flexible Grade as printed)
form: pellets
test: ASTM D2240, 15 s
temperature: not stated
grade: Teknor Apex APEX 590
plasticiser: content not printed
method: ASTM D2240, 15 s, producer data page (via lookpolymers)
status: ground
source: lp-apex590
where: Mechanical Properties, Hardness, Shore A
- benchmark: hardness_shore_a
label: Hardness Shore A, Teknor Apex APEX 90-R471U-70-NT (15 s, PDF datasheet)
value: 70
unit: Shore A
scope: material
conditions:
type: flexible (PVC, Flexible Grade as printed)
form: pellets
test: ASTM D2240, 15 s
temperature: not stated
grade: Teknor Apex APEX 90-R471U-70-NT
plasticiser: content not printed
method: ASTM D2240, 15 s (PDF datasheet), producer data page (via lookpolymers)
status: ground
source: teknor-pdf-90r471u
where: Mechanical Properties, Hardness, Shore A
- benchmark: ultimate_tensile_strength
label: Tensile strength at break, Teknor Apex APEX 590
value: 22.1
unit: MPa
scope: material
conditions:
type: flexible (PVC, Flexible Grade as printed)
form: pellets
test: ASTM D638
temperature: not stated
grade: Teknor Apex APEX 590
plasticiser: content not printed
method: ASTM D638, producer data page (via lookpolymers)
status: ground
source: lp-apex590
where: Mechanical Properties, Tensile Strength at Break
- benchmark: ultimate_tensile_strength
label: Tensile strength at break, Teknor Apex APEX 90-R471U-70-NT (PDF datasheet)
value: 13.1
unit: MPa
scope: material
conditions:
type: flexible (PVC, Flexible Grade as printed)
form: pellets
test: ASTM D638
temperature: not stated
grade: Teknor Apex APEX 90-R471U-70-NT
plasticiser: content not printed
method: ASTM D638 (PDF datasheet), producer data page (via lookpolymers)
status: ground
source: teknor-pdf-90r471u
where: Mechanical Properties, Tensile Strength at Break
- benchmark: elongation
label: Elongation at break, Teknor Apex APEX 590
value: 330
unit: '%'
scope: material
conditions:
type: flexible (PVC, Flexible Grade as printed)
form: pellets
test: ASTM D638
temperature: not stated
grade: Teknor Apex APEX 590
plasticiser: content not printed
method: ASTM D638, producer data page (via lookpolymers)
status: ground
source: lp-apex590
where: Mechanical Properties, Elongation at Break
- benchmark: elongation
label: Elongation at break, Teknor Apex APEX 90-R471U-70-NT (PDF datasheet)
value: 430
unit: '%'
scope: material
conditions:
type: flexible (PVC, Flexible Grade as printed)
form: pellets
test: ASTM D638
temperature: not stated
grade: Teknor Apex APEX 90-R471U-70-NT
plasticiser: content not printed
method: ASTM D638 (PDF datasheet), producer data page (via lookpolymers)
status: ground
source: teknor-pdf-90r471u
where: Mechanical Properties, Elongation at Break
- benchmark: max_service_temp
label: Maximum service temperature in air, Teknor Apex APEX 590 (continuous use)
value: 60
unit: °C
scope: material
conditions:
type: flexible (PVC, Flexible Grade as printed)
form: pellets
test: ASTM D794, continuous use
temperature: continuous use in air; value is the limit
grade: Teknor Apex APEX 590
plasticiser: content not printed
method: ASTM D794, continuous use, producer data page (via lookpolymers)
status: ground
source: lp-apex590
where: Thermal Properties, Maximum Service Temperature, Air
bound: upper
- benchmark: max_service_temp
label: Maximum service temperature in air, Teknor Apex Fireguard 910L16 (continuous use)
value: 60
unit: °C
scope: material
conditions:
type: flexible (PVC, Flexible Grade as printed)
form: not stated
test: ASTM D794, continuous use
temperature: continuous use in air; value is the limit
grade: Teknor Apex Fireguard 910L16-C1A-NL1
plasticiser: content not printed
method: ASTM D794, continuous use, producer data page (via lookpolymers)
status: ground
source: lp-fireguard
where: Thermal Properties, Maximum Service Temperature, Air
bound: upper
- benchmark: brittleness_temperature
label: Brittleness temperature, Teknor Apex APEX 590
value: -17
unit: °C
scope: material
conditions:
type: flexible (PVC, Flexible Grade as printed)
form: pellets
test: ASTM D746
temperature: value is the brittleness temperature
grade: Teknor Apex APEX 590
plasticiser: content not printed
method: ASTM D746, producer data page (via lookpolymers)
status: ground
source: lp-apex590
where: Thermal Properties, Brittleness Temperature
- benchmark: brittleness_temperature
label: Brittleness temperature, Geon R295AE flexible grade
value: -37.2
unit: °C
scope: material
conditions:
type: flexible (PVC, Flexible Grade as printed)
form: pellets
test: ASTM D746
temperature: value is the brittleness temperature
grade: Geon R295AE (PolyOne)
plasticiser: content not printed
method: ASTM D746, producer data page (via lookpolymers)
status: ground
source: lp-geon-r295ae
where: Thermal Properties, Brittleness Temperature
- benchmark: limiting_oxygen_index
label: Oxygen index, Teknor Apex Fireguard 910L16 (flame-retardant plenum grade)
value: 51
unit: '%'
scope: material
conditions:
type: flexible (PVC, Flexible Grade as printed)
form: not stated
test: ASTM D2863
temperature: not stated
grade: Teknor Apex Fireguard 910L16-C1A-NL1
plasticiser: content not printed
method: ASTM D2863, producer data page (via lookpolymers)
status: ground
source: lp-fireguard
where: Thermal Properties, Oxygen Index
- benchmark: limiting_oxygen_index
label: Oxygen index, Geon R295AE flexible grade (3.18 mm)
value: 25
unit: '%'
scope: material
conditions:
type: flexible (PVC, Flexible Grade as printed)
form: pellets
test: ASTM D2863, 3.18 mm
temperature: not stated
grade: Geon R295AE (PolyOne)
plasticiser: content not printed
method: ASTM D2863, 3.18 mm, producer data page (via lookpolymers)
status: ground
source: lp-geon-r295ae
where: Thermal Properties, Oxygen Index
- benchmark: dielectric_constant
label: Dielectric constant at 1 MHz, Teknor Apex Fireguard 910L16
value: 3.58
unit: '-'
scope: material
conditions:
type: flexible (PVC, Flexible Grade as printed)
form: not stated
test: ASTM D150, 1.00e+6 Hz
temperature: not stated
grade: Teknor Apex Fireguard 910L16-C1A-NL1
plasticiser: content not printed
method: ASTM D150 at 1.00e+6 Hz, producer data page (via lookpolymers)
status: ground
source: lp-fireguard
where: Electrical Properties, Dielectric Constant (1.00e+6 Hz row)
- benchmark: bulk_density
label: Bulk density, SolVin 267RC suspension homopolymer extrusion grade
value: 0.58
unit: g/cc
scope: material
conditions:
type: PVC resin, unplasticised homopolymer (as printed)
form: resin powder (suspension homopolymer)
test: ISO 60
temperature: not stated
grade: SolVin 267RC (SolVin)
plasticiser: none printed
method: ISO 60, producer data page (via lookpolymers)
status: ground
source: lp-solvin267
where: Physical Properties, Bulk Density
- benchmark: k_value
label: K value, SolVin 267RC suspension homopolymer extrusion grade
value: 67
unit: '-'
scope: material
conditions:
type: PVC resin, unplasticised homopolymer (as printed)
form: resin powder (suspension homopolymer)
test: ISO 1628-2
temperature: not stated
grade: SolVin 267RC (SolVin)
plasticiser: none printed
method: ISO 1628-2, producer data page (via lookpolymers)
status: ground
source: lp-solvin267
where: Viscosity Measurement, K value
- benchmark: residual_vinyl_chloride_monomer
label: Residual vinyl chloride monomer, JPJ Technologies DG-1000 PVC resin
value: 1
unit: ug/g
scope: material
conditions:
type: PVC resin, unplasticised homopolymer (as printed)
form: not stated
test: not stated
temperature: not stated
grade: JPJ Technologies DG-1000 PVC
plasticiser: none printed
method: test method not printed (VCM residuals), producer data page (via lookpolymers)
status: ground
source: lp-jpj-dg1000
where: Descriptive Properties, VCM residuals (printed as less than 1 ug/g)
bound: upper
corrosion:
- environment: Weathering, indoor and outdoor exposure
headline: The Novablend 6602 producer note describes excellent indoor and outdoor weathering.
effect: PolyOne's product note for Novablend 6602 gives excellent indoor and outdoor weathering, and the UL outdoor suitability rating is printed as f1. No exposure time, dose or retained-property value is printed.
rating: low
conditions:
basis: producer product note and UL outdoor rating; no test printed
source: lp-novablend-6602
where: Material note; Outdoor Suitability field
- environment: Chemical exposure (producer claim)
headline: The Geon HC 8210 producer note claims enhanced chemical resistance.
effect: PolyOne's note for HC 8210 says the grade offers enhanced chemical resistance for medical device housings. No reagent, concentration, time or retained-property value is printed.
rating: low
conditions:
basis: producer product note; no test medium printed
source: lp-geon-hc8210
where: Material note
- environment: Water and moisture
headline: PVC is described as water resistant and is used for water pipes.
effect: The Polymer Science Learning Center (University of Southern Mississippi) says PVC resists water and is used for raincoats, shower curtains and water pipes. No immersion time or water uptake value is given.
rating: low
conditions:
basis: qualitative teaching page
source: usm-pslc
where: Introduction paragraph
- environment: Heat ageing (UL 746 relative thermal index)
headline: The UL 746 electrical relative thermal index of HC 8210 is printed as 90 °C.
effect: The page prints a UL 746 electrical relative thermal index of 90.0 °C for HC 8210. It prints no ageing time at temperature and no retained property after heat ageing.
rating: unknown
conditions:
basis: UL 746 rating as printed
source: lp-geon-hc8210
where: Thermal Properties, UL RTI, Electrical
risks:
hazards:
- text: 'Vinyl chloride, the PVC monomer: PubChem''s aggregated ECHA notifications list H220 extremely flammable gas (99.7 %), H350 may cause cancer (99.7 %), H280 contains gas under pressure (69.9 %) and H341 suspected of causing genetic defects (13.4 %). Signal word Danger.'
ghs:
- H220
- H350
- H280
- H341
source: pubchem-vinyl-chloride
where: Safety and Hazards, GHS Classification
- text: 'DEHP, bis(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate, the plasticiser that Wikipedia names for PVC: PubChem classifies it H360FD (may damage fertility; may damage the unborn child), and H360 appears in 94.5 % of notifications. Signal word Danger.'
ghs:
- H360FD
- H360
source: pubchem-dehp
where: Safety and Hazards, GHS Classification
- text: 'Hydrogen chloride gas, which Wikipedia says PVC can form in a fire: PubChem classifies the gas H314 (causes severe skin burns and eye damage; 99.9 %), H331 (toxic if inhaled; 49.4 %) and H290 (may be corrosive to metals; 22.8 %). No SDS or PubChem record for PVC was read to confirm this, so the entry covers the gas itself.'
ghs:
- H314
- H331
- H290
source: pubchem-hcl
where: Safety and Hazards, GHS Classification
failure_risks:
- mode: Deflection under load in service
trigger: Load of 1.8 MPa on a 3.18 mm bar, ASTM D648, unannealed
consequence: Deflection temperature is 57.0 °C for the unannealed Novablend 6602 compound, against 72.2 °C for the unannealed Geon Vinyl Dry Blend E6001 under the same test.
severity: moderate
source: lp-novablend-6602
where: Thermal Properties, Deflection Temperature at 1.8 MPa
- mode: Brittle fracture of flexible PVC in cold service
trigger: Service below the brittleness temperature, ASTM D746
consequence: The APEX 590 wire-jacket grade has a brittleness temperature of -17.0 °C, so it is not suitable for service colder than that.
severity: moderate
source: lp-apex590
where: Thermal Properties, Brittleness Temperature
- mode: Loss of notched impact at 0 °C in a molding compound
trigger: Notched Izod at 0 °C, ASTM D256A, injection molded
consequence: Geon M5100 gives 0.27 J/cm at 0 °C, against 1.1 J/cm at 23 °C.
severity: moderate
source: lp-geon-m5100
where: Mechanical Properties, Izod Impact, Notched
side_effects:
- text: Residual vinyl chloride monomer is printed as less than 1 ug/g in the JPJ DG-1000 PVC resin.
affects: Resin purity and worker exposure during processing
source: lp-jpj-dg1000
where: Descriptive Properties, VCM residuals
handling:
- text: Melt-process the Geon Vinyl Dry Blend E6001 at 191 to 199 °C, the processing window printed on its data page.
source: lp-geon-e6001
where: Processing Properties, Melt Temperature
- text: 'For drinking-water contact, use a rated grade: Geon M5100 is listed with NSF 61.'
source: lp-geon-m5100
where: Descriptive Properties, Agency Ratings
mitigations:
- text: UL 94 V-0 is printed for the rigid compound Geon L1101 (UL 94).
source: lp-geon-l1101
where: Thermal Properties, Flammability, UL94
- text: UL 94 V-0 is printed for the rigid compound Geon L7005 at 0.749 mm.
source: lp-geon-l7005
where: Thermal Properties, Flammability, UL94
- text: UL 94 V-0 is printed for the rigid compound Geon HC 8210 at 1.60 mm, with UL RTI ratings printed alongside.
source: lp-geon-hc8210
where: Thermal Properties, Flammability, UL94
- text: The Fireguard 910L16 flame-retardant plenum compound has an oxygen index of 51 % (ASTM D2863).
source: lp-fireguard
where: Thermal Properties, Oxygen Index
- text: 'Use a lead-free grade where lead stabilisers are restricted: Fainplast RK 320 is named Lead Free.'
source: lp-fain-rk320
where: Product name
uses:
- application: structures
device: Sewage pipes, pressure pipes, rigid profiles, window frames and electrical ducts
example: SolVin 267RC, a suspension homopolymer extrusion grade, is listed for these uses
source: lp-solvin267
where: Material Notes, Uses
- application: structures
device: Transparent rigid profiles
example: Geon 87548 is a transparent PVC profile compound listed for profiles
source: lp-geon-87548
where: Uses field
- application: electronics-and-chips
device: Plenum cable jacketing (flame retardant)
example: Teknor Apex Fireguard 910L16-C1A-NL1 is listed for plenum cable jacketing and wire types CL2P, CL3P and others
source: lp-fireguard
where: Uses and Wire Types fields
supply:
- subject: Salt (sodium chloride), feedstock for chlorine
producers:
- country: China
share_percent: 20.7
year: 2025
- country: United States
share_percent: 14.8
year: 2025
- country: India
share_percent: 11.1
year: 2025
- country: Germany
share_percent: 5.6
year: 2025
- country: Canada
share_percent: 4.8
year: 2025
critical_lists: []
recycling: USGS salt summary gives recycling as none for salt
substitutes:
- 'USGS salt summary: for most applications no economic substitutes exist for salt'
source: usgs-salt-mcs2026
where: Domestic production and use; World Mine Production and Reserves table, 2025 (shares calculated here against the rounded world total of 270,000, units as printed)
- subject: Chlorine from salt brine (chlor-alkali route to PVC)
producers: []
critical_lists: []
recycling: not found for PVC in a readable source
substitutes: []
source: usgs-salt-mcs2026
where: Domestic production and use, chemical industry paragraph; Events, trends and issues, demand paragraph for polyvinyl chloride in Asia
media: []
documents:
- title: KEGG COMPOUND C19508, Polyvinyl chloride (CAS 9002-86-2, formula (C2H3Cl)n)
type: database
url: https://www.kegg.jp/entry/C19508
- title: 'ChEBI CHEBI:53243, poly(vinyl chloride): name, formula and synonyms'
type: database
url: https://www.ebi.ac.uk/chebi/searchId.do?chebiId=53243
- title: Wikipedia, Polyvinyl chloride (names, composition, stabilisers, plasticisers, uses; used for composition and history only)
type: report
url: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polyvinyl_chloride
- title: 'Polymer Science Learning Center, University of Southern Mississippi: PVC, Poly(vinyl chloride)'
type: report
url: https://www.pslc.ws/mactest/pvc.htm
- title: 'ESPA, European Stabiliser Producers Association: liquid stabilisers for PVC'
type: report
url: http://www.stabilisers.eu/stabilisers-types/liquid-stabilisers
- title: 'USGS Mineral Commodity Summaries 2026: Salt'
type: report
url: https://pubs.usgs.gov/periodicals/mcs2026/mcs2026-salt.pdf
year: 2026
- title: 'PubChem compound CID 6338, vinyl chloride: GHS classification'
type: database
url: https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/6338
- title: 'PubChem compound CID 8343, bis(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate: GHS classification'
type: database
url: https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/8343
- title: 'PubChem compound CID 313, hydrogen chloride: GHS classification'
type: database
url: https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/313
- title: NIST Atomic Weights and Isotopic Compositions for Chlorine
type: database
url: https://physics.nist.gov/cgi-bin/Compositions/stand_alone.pl?ele=Cl&ascii=html
- title: NIST Atomic Weights and Isotopic Compositions for Carbon
type: database
url: https://physics.nist.gov/cgi-bin/Compositions/stand_alone.pl?ele=C&ascii=html
- title: NIST Atomic Weights and Isotopic Compositions for Hydrogen
type: database
url: https://physics.nist.gov/cgi-bin/Compositions/stand_alone.pl?ele=H&ascii=html
- title: PolyOne Geon Vinyl Packaging 161J-4-DD, PVC rigid grade, producer data via lookpolymers
type: datasheet
url: https://www.lookpolymers.com/polymer_PolyOne-Geon-Vinyl-Packaging-161J-4-DD-Polyvinyl-Chloride-Rigid-PVC-Rigid.php
- title: PolyOne Geon Vinyl Rigid Extrusion 87548, PVC rigid profile compound, producer data via lookpolymers
type: datasheet
url: https://www.lookpolymers.com/polymer_PolyOne-Geon-Vinyl-Rigid-Extrusion-87548-Polyvinyl-Chloride-Rigid-PVC-Rigid.php
- title: PolyOne Geon Vinyl Dry Blend E6001, PVC rigid dry blend, producer data via lookpolymers
type: datasheet
url: https://www.lookpolymers.com/polymer_PolyOne-Geon-Vinyl-Dry-Blend-E6001-Polyvinyl-Chloride-Rigid-PVC-Rigid.php
- title: PolyOne Geon Vinyl Rigid Extrusion L1101, PVC rigid profile compound, producer data via lookpolymers
type: datasheet
url: https://www.lookpolymers.com/polymer_PolyOne-Geon-Vinyl-Rigid-Extrusion-L1101-Polyvinyl-Chloride-Rigid-PVC-Rigid.php
- title: PolyOne Geon Vinyl Rigid Extrusion L7005, PVC rigid profile compound, producer data via lookpolymers
type: datasheet
url: https://www.lookpolymers.com/polymer_PolyOne-Geon-Vinyl-Rigid-Extrusion-L7005-Polyvinyl-Chloride-Rigid-PVC-Rigid.php
- title: PolyOne Geon Vinyl Rigid Molding M5100 Natural, PVC rigid molding compound, producer data via lookpolymers
type: datasheet
url: https://www.lookpolymers.com/polymer_PolyOne-Geon-Vinyl-Rigid-Molding-M5100-Natural-Polyvinyl-Chloride-Rigid-PVC-Rigid.php
- title: PolyOne Geon HC 8210, PVC rigid medical device housing grade, producer data via lookpolymers
type: datasheet
url: https://www.lookpolymers.com/polymer_PolyOne-Geon-HC-8210-Polyvinyl-Chloride-Rigid-PVC-Rigid.php
- title: PolyOne Novablend 6602, rigid opaque PVC molding compound, producer data via lookpolymers
type: datasheet
url: https://www.lookpolymers.com/polymer_PolyOne-Novablend-6602-Polyvinyl-Chloride-Rigid-PVC-Rigid.php
- title: Fainplast Compounds RK 320 Rigid PVC, Extrusion Lead Free, producer data via lookpolymers
type: datasheet
url: https://www.lookpolymers.com/polymer_Fainplast-Compounds-RK-320-Rigid-PVC-Extrusion-Lead-Free.php
- title: Fainplast Compounds RE 412/L Rigid PVC, Extrusion (corrugated plastics), producer data via lookpolymers
type: datasheet
url: https://www.lookpolymers.com/polymer_Fainplast-Compounds-RE-412L-Rigid-PVC-Extrusion.php
- title: JPJ Technologies DG-1000 PVC resin, producer data via lookpolymers
type: datasheet
url: https://www.lookpolymers.com/polymer_JPJ-Technologies-DG-1000-PVC.php
- title: SolVin 267RC Polyvinyl Chloride Homopolymer Extrusion Grade, producer data via lookpolymers
type: datasheet
url: https://www.lookpolymers.com/polymer_SolVin-267RC-Polyvinyl-Chloride-Homopolymer-Extrusion-Grade.php
- title: Teknor Apex APEX 590 Polyvinyl Chloride, Flexible, producer data via lookpolymers
type: datasheet
url: https://www.lookpolymers.com/polymer_Teknor-Apex-APEX-590-Polyvinyl-Chloride-Flexible.php
- title: Teknor Apex Fireguard 910L16-C1A-NL1 Polyvinyl Chloride, Flexible, producer data via lookpolymers
type: datasheet
url: https://www.lookpolymers.com/polymer_Teknor-Apex-Fireguard-910L16-C1A-NL1-Polyvinyl-Chloride-Flexible.php
- title: PolyOne Geon Vinyl Flexible R295AE, Polyvinyl Chloride, Flexible, producer data via lookpolymers
type: datasheet
url: https://www.lookpolymers.com/polymer_PolyOne-Geon-Vinyl-Flexible-R295AE-Polyvinyl-Chloride-Flexible-PVC-Flexible.php
- title: 'Teknor Apex APEX 90-R471U-70-NT Polyvinyl Chloride, Flexible: PDF datasheet via lookpolymers'
type: datasheet
url: https://www.lookpolymers.com/pdf/Teknor-Apex-APEX-90-R471U-70-NT-Polyvinyl-Chloride-Flexible.pdf
gaps:
- 'Glass transition temperature: not entered. No readable primary source gave a value. Wikipedia prints 82 °C with a reference that was not opened, and Wikipedia is used here for composition only.'
- 'Melting point: none printed in the sources read, because PVC is not reported with a melting point. The processing melt temperature for Geon E6001 (191 to 199 °C) is a processing window, not a melting point.'
- 'Continuous-use maximum service temperature for rigid compounds: not printed on the rigid grade pages read. The UL 746 relative thermal index (90 °C for Geon HC 8210) is a rating, not a service limit. The 60 °C continuous-use values are for two flexible cable grades only.'
- 'Pipe-specific data: no pipe test result was read (ISO 1452 or EN 1452 hydrostatic strength, pipe stiffness, impact, or ASTM D1785 pipe tests). The rigid rows are compound datasheets for profiles and molding grades, not pipe test results.'
- 'Plasticiser content of the flexible grades: not printed on the grade pages read, so no content value is entered. Wikipedia names DEHP as a historical plasticiser and states that unplasticised PVC contains none.'
- 'Chemical resistance: only qualitative statements were read (Novablend 6602 weathering, HC 8210 chemical-resistance claim, PSLC water resistance). No reagent, concentration, time or retained-property value was found.'
- 'Hydrogen chloride from burning PVC: no SDS or PubChem record for PVC was readable. PubChem has no compound record for PVC by name, and the CAS lookup returns chloroethane and vinyl chloride. Only the PubChem record for hydrogen chloride gas is entered. Wikipedia''s statement on burning PVC is not used as a hazard value.'
- 'Hazards of the PVC resin or compound itself: no SDS for a PVC resin or compound was read. Hazard rows cover the monomer, the plasticiser DEHP and hydrogen chloride gas only.'
- 'Geon 161J-4-DD page: it prints a density of 0.801 g/cc (ASTM D1505) next to a specific gravity of 1.32 g/cc. The 0.801 value is not entered because it does not fit the solid polymer and the page does not say what it measures.'
- Resin rows (SolVin 267RC bulk density and K value, JPJ DG-1000 residual monomer) are properties of the resin powder, not of the cured material.
- 'Property names not in spores/property-canon.yaml (short snake_case names, unit as printed): izod_impact_notched, hardness_shore_a, hardness_shore_d, brittleness_temperature, limiting_oxygen_index, bulk_density, k_value, residual_vinyl_chloride_monomer, ul_rti_electrical, melt_temperature_processing.'
- 'Not found in any source read: thermal conductivity, specific heat, water absorption, dielectric strength, electrical resistivity, and tensile strength at break for rigid compounds other than RK 320.'
- 'Supply: the USGS salt summary gives the chlor-alkali feedstock route and 2025 salt production by country; shares are calculated here against the rounded world total. No PVC producer shares, ethylene feedstock figure, PVC recycling rate or PVC substitutes were found in a readable source. The USGS 2025 critical-minerals page returned HTTP 403, so the critical-mineral status of salt is not recorded.'
- 'Space environment: radiation, outgassing (TML and CVCM), atomic-oxygen erosion and vacuum behaviour of PVC were not found in a readable source, so no space rows are entered.'
- 'Designations: PVC-U and ISO 1163 are not printed in any source read. uPVC and PVC are printed by Wikipedia. ASTM D1784 cell classes are printed for two named grades (16343 for Geon L1101, 10264 for Geon E6001), and an ASTM D4216 class (1-42434-33) is printed for Geon L7005.'
- 'Flame rating: UL 94 V-0 is a rating, not a numeric value, so it is recorded in the mitigations and story text rather than in properties.'
- 'Media: none added; no image was downloaded into the media folder for this profile.'
- Test temperature for specific gravity (ASTM D792), Shore hardness and tensile tests is not printed on most grade pages and is recorded as not stated.
sources:
kegg-pvc:
title: KEGG COMPOUND C19508, Polyvinyl chloride (CAS 9002-86-2, formula (C2H3Cl)n)
url: https://www.kegg.jp/entry/C19508
kind: database
license: KEGG (cited, not reproduced)
chebi-pvc:
title: 'ChEBI CHEBI:53243, poly(vinyl chloride): name, formula and synonyms'
url: https://www.ebi.ac.uk/chebi/searchId.do?chebiId=53243
kind: database
license: ChEBI, EMBL-EBI (cited, not reproduced)
wiki-pvc:
title: Wikipedia, Polyvinyl chloride (names, composition, stabilisers, plasticisers, uses; used for composition and history only)
url: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polyvinyl_chloride
kind: web
license: CC BY-SA (Wikipedia)
usm-pslc:
title: 'Polymer Science Learning Center, University of Southern Mississippi: PVC, Poly(vinyl chloride)'
url: https://www.pslc.ws/mactest/pvc.htm
kind: web
license: Educational web page (cited, not reproduced)
espa-stabilisers:
title: 'ESPA, European Stabiliser Producers Association: liquid stabilisers for PVC'
url: http://www.stabilisers.eu/stabilisers-types/liquid-stabilisers
kind: web
license: Industry association web page (cited, not reproduced)
usgs-salt-mcs2026:
title: 'USGS Mineral Commodity Summaries 2026: Salt'
url: https://pubs.usgs.gov/periodicals/mcs2026/mcs2026-salt.pdf
kind: report
year: 2026
license: public domain (USGS)
pubchem-vinyl-chloride:
title: 'PubChem compound CID 6338, vinyl chloride: GHS classification'
url: https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/6338
kind: database
license: public domain (NCBI)
pubchem-dehp:
title: 'PubChem compound CID 8343, bis(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate: GHS classification'
url: https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/8343
kind: database
license: public domain (NCBI)
pubchem-hcl:
title: 'PubChem compound CID 313, hydrogen chloride: GHS classification'
url: https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/313
kind: database
license: public domain (NCBI)
nist-cl:
title: NIST Atomic Weights and Isotopic Compositions for Chlorine
url: https://physics.nist.gov/cgi-bin/Compositions/stand_alone.pl?ele=Cl&ascii=html
kind: database
license: public domain (NIST)
note: Standard atomic weight printed as [35.446, 35.457]
nist-c:
title: NIST Atomic Weights and Isotopic Compositions for Carbon
url: https://physics.nist.gov/cgi-bin/Compositions/stand_alone.pl?ele=C&ascii=html
kind: database
license: public domain (NIST)
note: Standard atomic weight printed as [12.0096, 12.0116]
nist-h:
title: NIST Atomic Weights and Isotopic Compositions for Hydrogen
url: https://physics.nist.gov/cgi-bin/Compositions/stand_alone.pl?ele=H&ascii=html
kind: database
license: public domain (NIST)
note: Standard atomic weight printed as [1.00784, 1.00811]
lp-geon-161j:
title: PolyOne Geon Vinyl Packaging 161J-4-DD, PVC rigid grade, producer data via lookpolymers
url: https://www.lookpolymers.com/polymer_PolyOne-Geon-Vinyl-Packaging-161J-4-DD-Polyvinyl-Chloride-Rigid-PVC-Rigid.php
kind: datasheet
license: Manufacturer data, cited (not reproduced)
lp-geon-87548:
title: PolyOne Geon Vinyl Rigid Extrusion 87548, PVC rigid profile compound, producer data via lookpolymers
url: https://www.lookpolymers.com/polymer_PolyOne-Geon-Vinyl-Rigid-Extrusion-87548-Polyvinyl-Chloride-Rigid-PVC-Rigid.php
kind: datasheet
license: Manufacturer data, cited (not reproduced)
lp-geon-e6001:
title: PolyOne Geon Vinyl Dry Blend E6001, PVC rigid dry blend, producer data via lookpolymers
url: https://www.lookpolymers.com/polymer_PolyOne-Geon-Vinyl-Dry-Blend-E6001-Polyvinyl-Chloride-Rigid-PVC-Rigid.php
kind: datasheet
license: Manufacturer data, cited (not reproduced)
lp-geon-l1101:
title: PolyOne Geon Vinyl Rigid Extrusion L1101, PVC rigid profile compound, producer data via lookpolymers
url: https://www.lookpolymers.com/polymer_PolyOne-Geon-Vinyl-Rigid-Extrusion-L1101-Polyvinyl-Chloride-Rigid-PVC-Rigid.php
kind: datasheet
license: Manufacturer data, cited (not reproduced)
lp-geon-l7005:
title: PolyOne Geon Vinyl Rigid Extrusion L7005, PVC rigid profile compound, producer data via lookpolymers
url: https://www.lookpolymers.com/polymer_PolyOne-Geon-Vinyl-Rigid-Extrusion-L7005-Polyvinyl-Chloride-Rigid-PVC-Rigid.php
kind: datasheet
license: Manufacturer data, cited (not reproduced)
lp-geon-m5100:
title: PolyOne Geon Vinyl Rigid Molding M5100 Natural, PVC rigid molding compound, producer data via lookpolymers
url: https://www.lookpolymers.com/polymer_PolyOne-Geon-Vinyl-Rigid-Molding-M5100-Natural-Polyvinyl-Chloride-Rigid-PVC-Rigid.php
kind: datasheet
license: Manufacturer data, cited (not reproduced)
lp-geon-hc8210:
title: PolyOne Geon HC 8210, PVC rigid medical device housing grade, producer data via lookpolymers
url: https://www.lookpolymers.com/polymer_PolyOne-Geon-HC-8210-Polyvinyl-Chloride-Rigid-PVC-Rigid.php
kind: datasheet
license: Manufacturer data, cited (not reproduced)
lp-novablend-6602:
title: PolyOne Novablend 6602, rigid opaque PVC molding compound, producer data via lookpolymers
url: https://www.lookpolymers.com/polymer_PolyOne-Novablend-6602-Polyvinyl-Chloride-Rigid-PVC-Rigid.php
kind: datasheet
license: Manufacturer data, cited (not reproduced)
lp-fain-rk320:
title: Fainplast Compounds RK 320 Rigid PVC, Extrusion Lead Free, producer data via lookpolymers
url: https://www.lookpolymers.com/polymer_Fainplast-Compounds-RK-320-Rigid-PVC-Extrusion-Lead-Free.php
kind: datasheet
license: Manufacturer data, cited (not reproduced)
lp-fain-re412:
title: Fainplast Compounds RE 412/L Rigid PVC, Extrusion (corrugated plastics), producer data via lookpolymers
url: https://www.lookpolymers.com/polymer_Fainplast-Compounds-RE-412L-Rigid-PVC-Extrusion.php
kind: datasheet
license: Manufacturer data, cited (not reproduced)
lp-jpj-dg1000:
title: JPJ Technologies DG-1000 PVC resin, producer data via lookpolymers
url: https://www.lookpolymers.com/polymer_JPJ-Technologies-DG-1000-PVC.php
kind: datasheet
license: Manufacturer data, cited (not reproduced)
lp-solvin267:
title: SolVin 267RC Polyvinyl Chloride Homopolymer Extrusion Grade, producer data via lookpolymers
url: https://www.lookpolymers.com/polymer_SolVin-267RC-Polyvinyl-Chloride-Homopolymer-Extrusion-Grade.php
kind: datasheet
license: Manufacturer data, cited (not reproduced)
lp-apex590:
title: Teknor Apex APEX 590 Polyvinyl Chloride, Flexible, producer data via lookpolymers
url: https://www.lookpolymers.com/polymer_Teknor-Apex-APEX-590-Polyvinyl-Chloride-Flexible.php
kind: datasheet
license: Manufacturer data, cited (not reproduced)
lp-fireguard:
title: Teknor Apex Fireguard 910L16-C1A-NL1 Polyvinyl Chloride, Flexible, producer data via lookpolymers
url: https://www.lookpolymers.com/polymer_Teknor-Apex-Fireguard-910L16-C1A-NL1-Polyvinyl-Chloride-Flexible.php
kind: datasheet
license: Manufacturer data, cited (not reproduced)
lp-geon-r295ae:
title: PolyOne Geon Vinyl Flexible R295AE, Polyvinyl Chloride, Flexible, producer data via lookpolymers
url: https://www.lookpolymers.com/polymer_PolyOne-Geon-Vinyl-Flexible-R295AE-Polyvinyl-Chloride-Flexible-PVC-Flexible.php
kind: datasheet
license: Manufacturer data, cited (not reproduced)
teknor-pdf-90r471u:
title: 'Teknor Apex APEX 90-R471U-70-NT Polyvinyl Chloride, Flexible: PDF datasheet via lookpolymers'
url: https://www.lookpolymers.com/pdf/Teknor-Apex-APEX-90-R471U-70-NT-Polyvinyl-Chloride-Flexible.pdf
kind: datasheet
license: Manufacturer data, cited (not reproduced)
license: CC-BY-4.0
updated: '2026-10-24'
review:
status: draft
method: assistant
checked_values: 46
unreachable: 0
caveats: 7
note: 'Values read by an AI assistant on 2026-10-24 from the producer data pages named in each row (lookpolymers.com reproduces producer data sheets, and a Teknor Apex PDF), PubChem, NIST, KEGG, ChEBI, Wikipedia (composition only), the USGS salt summary, the Polymer Science Learning Center and the ESPA stabiliser page. Web search was unavailable, so pages were fetched directly from known URLs and from links on pages already read. Not reached: CAS Common Chemistry (script-only page), ECHA, NIOSH ICSC, the USGS 2025 critical-minerals page, MakeItFrom and Curbell (HTTP 403), and PubChem name and CAS lookups for PVC (no record). Caveats: resin values are powder properties; the 0.801 g/cc density on the Geon 161J page is not used; producer shares are calculated here.'
story:
why: PVC is a vinyl polymer made from vinyl chloride. Its rigid form, called uPVC or unplasticised PVC, is a stiff, dense compound for pipes, profiles and window frames. Flexible PVC adds a plasticiser to stay soft for cable jackets and tubing. The rigid compounds read here have a specific gravity of 1.32 to 1.54 and a tensile yield strength of 38.2 to 53.4 MPa, and they begin to deflect under load near 57 to 72 °C.
uses:
- where: Pipes and profiles
line: SolVin 267RC is listed for sewage pipes, pressure pipes, rigid profiles, window frames and electrical ducts. Geon 87548 is a transparent compound for profiles.
- where: Cable jacketing
line: Teknor Apex Fireguard 910L16 is a flame-retardant flexible compound listed for plenum cable jacketing, with an oxygen index of 51 %.
can_do:
- label: Density
value: 1.32 to 1.54 g/cc
benchmark: density
line: Rigid compounds read here have a specific gravity of 1.32 (Geon 161J-4-DD) to 1.54 (Geon Vinyl Dry Blend E6001), by ASTM D792.
- label: Yield strength
value: 38.2 to 53.4 MPa
benchmark: yield_strength
line: Tensile yield strength is 38.2 MPa for the E6001 dry blend and 53.4 MPa for the Geon 87548 profile compound, ASTM D638 Type I.
- label: Heat under load
value: 57 to 72.2 °C
benchmark: heat_deflection_temperature
line: Deflection temperature at 1.8 MPa is 57 °C for the unannealed Novablend 6602 and 72.2 °C for the unannealed Geon E6001, ASTM D648.
- label: Flexible elongation
value: 330 to 430 %
benchmark: elongation
line: Two flexible grades entered here reach 330 % (APEX 590) and 430 % (APEX 90-R471U-70-NT) elongation at break, ASTM D638.
- label: Flame
value: 51 %
benchmark: limiting_oxygen_index
line: The flame-retardant plenum compound has an oxygen index of 51 % (ASTM D2863). UL 94 V-0 is printed for three rigid compounds.
compare: 'Within the rigid compounds, density, yield strength and heat deflection all change with the grade: specific gravity runs from 1.32 to 1.54, yield strength from 38.2 to 53.4 MPa, and heat deflection at 1.8 MPa from 57 to 72.2 °C. The flexible grades span 1.18 to 1.62 g/cc (specific gravity), and two of the grades entered here reach 330 % (APEX 590) and 430 % (APEX 90-R471U-70-NT) elongation at break.'
compare_rows:
- label: Density (specific gravity)
benchmark: density
- label: Yield strength
benchmark: yield_strength
- label: Heat deflection at 1.8 MPa
benchmark: heat_deflection_temperature
handling:
- Process the Geon Vinyl Dry Blend E6001 at a melt temperature of 191 to 199 °C, as printed on its data page.
- For drinking-water contact, choose a rated grade. Geon M5100 is listed with NSF 61.
- Choose a lead-free grade where lead stabilisers are not wanted. Fainplast RK 320 is sold as lead free.
good_for:
- 'Stiff profiles, pipes and window frames: rigid compounds with a tensile yield strength of 38.2 to 53.4 MPa.'
- 'Flame-rated rigid parts: UL 94 V-0 is printed for the Geon L1101, L7005 and HC 8210 compounds.'
- 'Flexible cable jacketing: the Fireguard plenum compound has an oxygen index of 51 %.'
watch_out:
- 'Heat: rigid compounds deflect under load at 57 to 72.2 °C (1.8 MPa). No melting point is printed, and the processing melt temperatures are not melting points.'
- 'Cold: the flexible APEX 590 grade is brittle at -17 °C (ASTM D746), and the Geon R295AE grade at -37.2 °C.'
- 'Impact: the Geon M5100 molding compound gives a notched Izod of 0.27 J/cm at 0 °C, against 1.1 J/cm at 23 °C.'
- 'Data gaps: no glass transition, no continuous-use service limit for rigid compounds, and no pipe test data were read.'
verdict: Rigid PVC (uPVC) is a dense, stiff and flame-rated thermoplastic whose compounds deflect under load near 57 to 72.2 °C. Flexible PVC trades stiffness and heat resistance for elongation. The record has no glass transition, no sharp melting point and no pipe-specific test values.
recipe:
line: 'PVC is made from vinyl chloride, with the repeat unit -CH2-CHCl- written (C2H3Cl)n. Vinyl chloride is polymerised by free radicals (PSLC), and SolVin 267RC is made by suspension polymerisation. Heat stabilisers are added: the liquid mixed-metal systems use Ba, Zn, Ca, Mg or K carboxylates with co-stabilisers (ESPA). Plasticised grades add a plasticiser, while unplasticised PVC contains none (Wikipedia).'
parts:
- name: Vinyl chloride (monomer)
symbol: C2H3Cl
role: Monomer; polymerised to the -CH2-CHCl- repeat unit by free-radical or suspension polymerisation
source: usm-pslc
where: Structure and production paragraph
- name: Carbon
symbol: C
atoms: 2
atomic_weight: 12.0096
role: Backbone carbon of the repeat unit
share_note: NIST standard atomic weight, lower bound of the printed interval
source: nist-c
where: Standard Atomic Weight
- name: Hydrogen
symbol: H
atoms: 3
atomic_weight: 1.00784
role: Hydrogen of the repeat unit
share_note: NIST standard atomic weight, lower bound of the printed interval
source: nist-h
where: Standard Atomic Weight
- name: Chlorine
symbol: Cl
atoms: 1
atomic_weight: 35.446
role: Side-group chlorine, which PSLC says gives PVC its flame resistance
share_note: NIST standard atomic weight, lower bound of the printed interval
source: nist-cl
where: Standard Atomic Weight
- name: Heat stabiliser package
role: Prevents thermal degradation during processing; liquid mixed-metal systems use Ba, Zn, Ca, Mg or K carboxylates with co-stabilisers
source: espa-stabilisers
where: Liquid stabilisers text
- name: Plasticiser (flexible grades only)
role: Makes PVC flexible; content not printed on the grade pages. Wikipedia names DEHP as a historical plasticiser
source: wiki-pvc
where: Plasticizers paragraphs
risk_groups:
- title: For people
lead: The monomer and the plasticiser DEHP carry hazard statements in PubChem. No hazard statement for the PVC resin itself is recorded here.
level: 2
verdict: Monomer and plasticiser carry hazards
points:
- label: Vinyl chloride
line: PubChem's aggregated notifications list H220 (extremely flammable gas), H350 (may cause cancer) and H341 (suspected of causing genetic defects) for the monomer.
- label: Residual monomer
line: The JPJ Technologies DG-1000 resin prints residual vinyl chloride monomer below 1 ug/g.
- title: If it burns
lead: Burning PVC produces gases. This profile records only the PubChem hazard of hydrogen chloride gas, because no SDS or PubChem record for PVC was read to confirm what a burning compound releases.
level: 2
verdict: V-0 flame rating on rigid grades
points:
- label: Flame rating
line: UL 94 V-0 is printed for the rigid compounds Geon L1101, L7005 and HC 8210.
- label: Hydrogen chloride
line: Hydrogen chloride gas carries H314 (severe skin burns and eye damage) and H331 (toxic if inhaled) in PubChem.
- title: Handling and storage
points:
- label: Processing
line: Geon Vinyl Dry Blend E6001 prints a melt temperature of 191 to 199 °C.
- label: Water contact
line: Geon M5100 is listed with NSF 61.
References
Every number above carries a reference number. Click one to see the source and where in it the value comes from.