spore: profile
id: pvc
spore_version: 0.2
family: polyolefins
name: Polyvinyl chloride
abbreviation: PVC
role: rigid pipe and profile thermoplastic (uPVC); plasticised for flexible cable jackets and tubing
category: polymers
type: polyolefins
summary: Polyvinyl chloride (PVC) is a vinyl polymer made from vinyl chloride. Rigid PVC (uPVC) compounds read for this profile have a specific gravity of 1.32 to 1.54 and a tensile yield strength of 38.2 to 53.4 MPa, and they deflect under a 1.8 MPa load at 57 to 72.2 °C. Flexible (plasticised) grades reach 330 to 430 % elongation at break, and two cable grades are rated to 60 °C continuous use in air.
best_for: Stiff, dense, flame-rated rigid profiles, pipes and window frames, and flexible cable jackets where elongation matters
weakest_at: 'Heat under load: rigid compounds deflect at 57 to 72.2 °C under 1.8 MPa, and the flexible cable grades are rated to 60 °C for continuous use'
identity:
  formula: (C2H3Cl)n, polymer of vinyl chloride with the repeat unit -CH2-CHCl-
  cas: 9002-86-2
  source: kegg-pvc
  where: Other DBs section of KEGG entry C19508 (CAS 9002-86-2, formula (C2H3Cl)n); ChEBI 53243 gives the same formula
  designations:
    - system: CAS
      code: 9002-86-2
      source: kegg-pvc
      where: Other DBs, CAS
    - system: Name
      code: PVC
      source: wiki-pvc
      where: Lead paragraph, abbreviation PVC
    - system: Name
      code: uPVC
      source: wiki-pvc
      where: Uses paragraph, uPVC gutters
    - system: Name
      code: polyvinyl chloride
      source: chebi-pvc
      where: Synonym list, polyvinyl chloride (submitter synonym)
    - system: ASTM
      code: '16343'
      note: PVC cell classification, ASTM D1784, Geon L1101 rigid profile compound
      source: lp-geon-l1101
      where: Descriptive Properties, PVC Cell Classification
    - system: ASTM
      code: 1-42434-33
      note: PVC cell classification, ASTM D4216, Geon L7005 rigid profile compound
      source: lp-geon-l7005
      where: Descriptive Properties, PVC Cell Classification
    - system: ASTM
      code: '10264'
      note: PVC cell classification, ASTM D1784, Geon Vinyl Dry Blend E6001
      source: lp-geon-e6001
      where: Descriptive Properties, PVC Cell Classification
tags:
  environments: []
  stresses: []
  applications:
    - structures
    - electronics-and-chips
properties:
  - benchmark: density
    label: Specific gravity, Geon 161J-4-DD clear bottle grade
    value: 1.32
    unit: g/cc
    scope: material
    conditions:
      type: rigid (PVC, Rigid Grade as printed)
      form: pellets
      test: ASTM D792
      temperature: not stated
      grade: Geon 161J-4-DD (PolyOne)
      plasticiser: none printed
    method: ASTM D792 specific gravity in g/cc, producer data page (via lookpolymers)
    status: ground
    source: lp-geon-161j
    where: Physical Properties, Specific Gravity
  - benchmark: density
    label: Specific gravity, Geon 87548 transparent profile compound
    value: 1.33
    unit: g/cc
    scope: material
    conditions:
      type: rigid (PVC, Rigid Grade as printed)
      form: pellets
      test: ASTM D792
      temperature: not stated
      grade: Geon 87548 (PolyOne)
      plasticiser: none printed
    method: ASTM D792 specific gravity in g/cc, producer data page (via lookpolymers)
    status: ground
    source: lp-geon-87548
    where: Physical Properties, Specific Gravity
  - benchmark: density
    label: Specific gravity, Geon Vinyl Dry Blend E6001 rigid profile compound
    value: 1.54
    unit: g/cc
    scope: material
    conditions:
      type: rigid (PVC, Rigid Grade as printed)
      form: powder (dry blend)
      test: ASTM D792
      temperature: not stated
      grade: Geon Vinyl Dry Blend E6001 (PolyOne)
      plasticiser: none printed
    method: ASTM D792 specific gravity in g/cc, producer data page (via lookpolymers)
    status: ground
    source: lp-geon-e6001
    where: Physical Properties, Specific Gravity
  - benchmark: density
    label: Density, Fainplast RE 412/L rigid extrusion grade (corrugated plastics)
    value: 1.5
    unit: g/cc
    scope: material
    conditions:
      type: rigid (PVC, Rigid Grade as printed)
      form: not stated
      test: ISO R 1184
      temperature: not stated
      grade: Fainplast Compounds RE 412/L
      plasticiser: none printed
    method: ISO R 1184 density given as a range, producer data page (via lookpolymers)
    status: ground
    source: lp-fain-re412
    where: Physical Properties, Density
    value_high: 1.54
    bound: range
  - benchmark: yield_strength
    label: Tensile strength at yield, Geon 161J-4-DD
    value: 44.8
    unit: MPa
    scope: material
    conditions:
      type: rigid (PVC, Rigid Grade as printed)
      form: pellets
      test: ASTM D638 Type I, 51 mm/min
      temperature: not stated
      grade: Geon 161J-4-DD (PolyOne)
      plasticiser: none printed
    method: ASTM D638 Type I, 51 mm/min, producer data page (via lookpolymers)
    status: ground
    source: lp-geon-161j
    where: Mechanical Properties, Tensile Strength, Yield
  - benchmark: yield_strength
    label: Tensile strength at yield, Geon 87548 profile compound
    value: 53.4
    unit: MPa
    scope: material
    conditions:
      type: rigid (PVC, Rigid Grade as printed)
      form: pellets
      test: ASTM D638 Type I, 5.1 mm/min
      temperature: not stated
      grade: Geon 87548 (PolyOne)
      plasticiser: none printed
    method: ASTM D638 Type I, 5.1 mm/min, producer data page (via lookpolymers)
    status: ground
    source: lp-geon-87548
    where: Mechanical Properties, Tensile Strength, Yield
  - benchmark: yield_strength
    label: Tensile strength at yield, Geon Vinyl Dry Blend E6001
    value: 38.2
    unit: MPa
    scope: material
    conditions:
      type: rigid (PVC, Rigid Grade as printed)
      form: powder (dry blend)
      test: ASTM D638 Type I, 5.1 mm/min
      temperature: not stated
      grade: Geon Vinyl Dry Blend E6001 (PolyOne)
      plasticiser: none printed
    method: ASTM D638 Type I, 5.1 mm/min, producer data page (via lookpolymers)
    status: ground
    source: lp-geon-e6001
    where: Mechanical Properties, Tensile Strength, Yield
  - benchmark: ultimate_tensile_strength
    label: Tensile strength at break, Fainplast RK 320 lead-free indoor profile grade
    value: 33
    unit: MPa
    scope: material
    conditions:
      type: rigid (PVC, Rigid Grade as printed)
      form: not stated
      test: ISO R 527
      temperature: not stated
      grade: Fainplast Compounds RK 320
      plasticiser: none printed
    method: ISO R 527, producer data page (via lookpolymers)
    status: ground
    source: lp-fain-rk320
    where: Mechanical Properties, Tensile Strength at Break
  - benchmark: elongation
    label: Elongation at break, Fainplast RE 412/L rigid extrusion grade
    value: 140
    unit: '%'
    scope: material
    conditions:
      type: rigid (PVC, Rigid Grade as printed)
      form: not stated
      test: ISO R 527
      temperature: not stated
      grade: Fainplast Compounds RE 412/L
      plasticiser: none printed
    method: ISO R 527, producer data page (via lookpolymers)
    status: ground
    source: lp-fain-re412
    where: Mechanical Properties, Elongation at Break
  - benchmark: elastic_modulus
    label: Tensile modulus, Geon 161J-4-DD
    value: 2.3
    unit: GPa
    scope: material
    conditions:
      type: rigid (PVC, Rigid Grade as printed)
      form: pellets
      test: ASTM D638 Type I, 5.1 mm/min
      temperature: not stated
      grade: Geon 161J-4-DD (PolyOne)
      plasticiser: none printed
    method: ASTM D638 Type I, 5.1 mm/min, producer data page (via lookpolymers)
    status: ground
    source: lp-geon-161j
    where: Mechanical Properties, Tensile Modulus
  - benchmark: elastic_modulus
    label: Tensile modulus, Geon 87548 profile compound
    value: 2.79
    unit: GPa
    scope: material
    conditions:
      type: rigid (PVC, Rigid Grade as printed)
      form: pellets
      test: ASTM D638 Type I, 5.1 mm/min
      temperature: not stated
      grade: Geon 87548 (PolyOne)
      plasticiser: none printed
    method: ASTM D638 Type I, 5.1 mm/min, producer data page (via lookpolymers)
    status: ground
    source: lp-geon-87548
    where: Mechanical Properties, Tensile Modulus
  - benchmark: elastic_modulus
    label: Tensile modulus, Geon Vinyl Dry Blend E6001
    value: 3.72
    unit: GPa
    scope: material
    conditions:
      type: rigid (PVC, Rigid Grade as printed)
      form: powder (dry blend)
      test: ASTM D638 Type I, 5.1 mm/min
      temperature: not stated
      grade: Geon Vinyl Dry Blend E6001 (PolyOne)
      plasticiser: none printed
    method: ASTM D638 Type I, 5.1 mm/min, producer data page (via lookpolymers)
    status: ground
    source: lp-geon-e6001
    where: Mechanical Properties, Tensile Modulus
  - benchmark: flexural_strength
    label: Flexural strength, Geon 87548 profile compound
    value: 88.5
    unit: MPa
    scope: material
    conditions:
      type: rigid (PVC, Rigid Grade as printed)
      form: pellets
      test: ASTM D790
      temperature: not stated
      grade: Geon 87548 (PolyOne)
      plasticiser: none printed
    method: ASTM D790, producer data page (via lookpolymers)
    status: ground
    source: lp-geon-87548
    where: Mechanical Properties, Flexural Strength
  - benchmark: flexural_modulus
    label: Flexural modulus, Geon 161J-4-DD
    value: 2.65
    unit: GPa
    scope: material
    conditions:
      type: rigid (PVC, Rigid Grade as printed)
      form: pellets
      test: ASTM D790
      temperature: not stated
      grade: Geon 161J-4-DD (PolyOne)
      plasticiser: none printed
    method: ASTM D790, producer data page (via lookpolymers)
    status: ground
    source: lp-geon-161j
    where: Mechanical Properties, Flexural Modulus
  - benchmark: hardness_shore_d
    label: Hardness Shore D, Geon 161J-4-DD
    value: 80
    unit: Shore D
    scope: material
    conditions:
      type: rigid (PVC, Rigid Grade as printed)
      form: pellets
      test: ASTM D2240
      temperature: not stated
      grade: Geon 161J-4-DD (PolyOne)
      plasticiser: none printed
    method: ASTM D2240, time not printed, producer data page (via lookpolymers)
    status: ground
    source: lp-geon-161j
    where: Mechanical Properties, Hardness, Shore D
  - benchmark: hardness_shore_d
    label: Hardness Shore D, Geon 87548 (15 s)
    value: 82
    unit: Shore D
    scope: material
    conditions:
      type: rigid (PVC, Rigid Grade as printed)
      form: pellets
      test: ASTM D2240, 15 s
      temperature: not stated
      grade: Geon 87548 (PolyOne)
      plasticiser: none printed
    method: ASTM D2240, 15 s, producer data page (via lookpolymers)
    status: ground
    source: lp-geon-87548
    where: Mechanical Properties, Hardness, Shore D
  - benchmark: hardness_shore_d
    label: Hardness Shore D, Geon Vinyl Dry Blend E6001
    value: 84
    unit: Shore D
    scope: material
    conditions:
      type: rigid (PVC, Rigid Grade as printed)
      form: powder (dry blend)
      test: ASTM D2240
      temperature: not stated
      grade: Geon Vinyl Dry Blend E6001 (PolyOne)
      plasticiser: none printed
    method: ASTM D2240, time not printed, producer data page (via lookpolymers)
    status: ground
    source: lp-geon-e6001
    where: Mechanical Properties, Hardness, Shore D
  - benchmark: izod_impact_notched
    label: Notched Izod impact, Geon 87548, injection molded
    value: 11
    unit: J/cm
    scope: material
    conditions:
      type: rigid (PVC, Rigid Grade as printed)
      form: pellets
      test: ASTM D256A, 3.18 mm, injection molded
      temperature: 23 °C
      grade: Geon 87548 (PolyOne)
      plasticiser: none printed
    method: ASTM D256A, injection molded, producer data page (via lookpolymers)
    status: ground
    source: lp-geon-87548
    where: Mechanical Properties, Izod Impact, Notched (injection molded, 3.18 mm, 23.0 °C row)
  - benchmark: izod_impact_notched
    label: Notched Izod impact at 0 °C, Geon M5100 molding compound
    value: 0.27
    unit: J/cm
    scope: material
    conditions:
      type: rigid (PVC, Rigid Grade as printed)
      form: pellets
      test: ASTM D256A, 3.18 mm, injection molded
      temperature: 0 °C (printed as 0.000 °C)
      grade: Geon M5100 natural (PolyOne)
      plasticiser: none printed
    method: ASTM D256A, injection molded, producer data page (via lookpolymers)
    status: ground
    source: lp-geon-m5100
    where: Mechanical Properties, Izod Impact, Notched (injection molded, 3.18 mm, 0.000 °C row)
  - benchmark: izod_impact_notched
    label: Notched Izod impact at 23 °C, Geon M5100 molding compound
    value: 1.1
    unit: J/cm
    scope: material
    conditions:
      type: rigid (PVC, Rigid Grade as printed)
      form: pellets
      test: ASTM D256A, 3.18 mm, injection molded
      temperature: 23 °C
      grade: Geon M5100 natural (PolyOne)
      plasticiser: none printed
    method: ASTM D256A, injection molded, producer data page (via lookpolymers)
    status: ground
    source: lp-geon-m5100
    where: Mechanical Properties, Izod Impact, Notched (injection molded, 3.18 mm, 23.0 °C row)
  - benchmark: heat_deflection_temperature
    label: Deflection temperature at 1.8 MPa, Geon 161J-4-DD (unannealed, 3.18 mm)
    value: 69.4
    unit: °C
    scope: material
    conditions:
      type: rigid (PVC, Rigid Grade as printed)
      form: pellets
      test: ASTM D648, 1.8 MPa, unannealed, 3.18 mm
      temperature: value is the deflection temperature
      grade: Geon 161J-4-DD (PolyOne)
      plasticiser: none printed
    method: ASTM D648, 1.8 MPa, unannealed, 3.18 mm, producer data page (via lookpolymers)
    status: ground
    source: lp-geon-161j
    where: Thermal Properties, Deflection Temperature at 1.8 MPa (unannealed, 3.18 mm)
  - benchmark: heat_deflection_temperature
    label: Deflection temperature at 1.8 MPa, Geon Vinyl Dry Blend E6001 (unannealed, 3.18 mm)
    value: 72.2
    unit: °C
    scope: material
    conditions:
      type: rigid (PVC, Rigid Grade as printed)
      form: powder (dry blend)
      test: ASTM D648, 1.8 MPa, unannealed, 3.18 mm
      temperature: value is the deflection temperature
      grade: Geon Vinyl Dry Blend E6001 (PolyOne)
      plasticiser: none printed
    method: ASTM D648, 1.8 MPa, unannealed, 3.18 mm, producer data page (via lookpolymers)
    status: ground
    source: lp-geon-e6001
    where: Thermal Properties, Deflection Temperature at 1.8 MPa (unannealed, 3.18 mm)
  - benchmark: heat_deflection_temperature
    label: Deflection temperature at 1.8 MPa, Novablend 6602 opaque molding compound (unannealed, 3.18 mm)
    value: 57
    unit: °C
    scope: material
    conditions:
      type: rigid (PVC, Rigid Grade as printed)
      form: pellets
      test: ASTM D648, 1.8 MPa, unannealed, 3.18 mm
      temperature: value is the deflection temperature
      grade: Novablend 6602 (PolyOne)
      plasticiser: none printed
    method: ASTM D648, 1.8 MPa, unannealed, 3.18 mm, producer data page (via lookpolymers)
    status: ground
    source: lp-novablend-6602
    where: Thermal Properties, Deflection Temperature at 1.8 MPa (unannealed, 3.18 mm)
  - benchmark: vicat_softening_temperature
    label: Vicat softening point, Fainplast RK 320 lead-free indoor profile grade
    value: 79
    unit: °C
    scope: material
    conditions:
      type: rigid (PVC, Rigid Grade as printed)
      form: not stated
      test: ISO R306, load 5.00 kg
      temperature: value is the softening temperature at 5.00 kg load
      grade: Fainplast Compounds RK 320
      plasticiser: none printed
    method: ISO R306, load 5.00 kg, producer data page (via lookpolymers)
    status: ground
    source: lp-fain-rk320
    where: Thermal Properties, Vicat Softening Point
    value_high: 81
    bound: range
  - benchmark: cte
    label: Coefficient of linear thermal expansion, Geon Vinyl Dry Blend E6001, parallel to flow
    value: 54
    unit: µm/m-°C
    scope: material
    conditions:
      type: rigid (PVC, Rigid Grade as printed)
      form: powder (dry blend)
      test: ASTM D696
      temperature: not stated
      grade: Geon Vinyl Dry Blend E6001 (PolyOne)
      plasticiser: none printed
    method: ASTM D696, parallel to flow, producer data page (via lookpolymers)
    status: ground
    source: lp-geon-e6001
    where: Thermal Properties, CTE, linear, Parallel to Flow
  - benchmark: ul_rti_electrical
    label: UL 746 relative thermal index, electrical, Geon HC 8210 medical device housing grade
    value: 90
    unit: °C
    scope: material
    conditions:
      type: rigid (PVC, Rigid Grade as printed)
      form: pellets
      test: UL 746
      temperature: rating, not a test temperature
      grade: Geon HC 8210 (PolyOne)
      plasticiser: none printed
    method: UL 746 relative thermal index, producer data page (via lookpolymers)
    status: ground
    source: lp-geon-hc8210
    where: Thermal Properties, UL RTI, Electrical
  - benchmark: melt_temperature_processing
    label: Processing melt temperature, Geon Vinyl Dry Blend E6001 (processing window)
    value: 191
    unit: °C
    scope: material
    conditions:
      type: rigid (PVC, Rigid Grade as printed)
      form: powder (dry blend)
      test: producer processing window, no test method printed
      temperature: processing range
      grade: Geon Vinyl Dry Blend E6001 (PolyOne)
      plasticiser: none printed
    method: producer processing window, producer data page (via lookpolymers)
    status: ground
    source: lp-geon-e6001
    where: Processing Properties, Melt Temperature
    value_high: 199
    bound: range
  - benchmark: density
    label: Specific gravity, Teknor Apex APEX 590 wire jacketing and tubing grade
    value: 1.25
    unit: g/cc
    scope: material
    conditions:
      type: flexible (PVC, Flexible Grade as printed)
      form: pellets
      test: ASTM D792
      temperature: not stated
      grade: Teknor Apex APEX 590
      plasticiser: content not printed
    method: ASTM D792 specific gravity in g/cc, producer data page (via lookpolymers)
    status: ground
    source: lp-apex590
    where: Physical Properties, Specific Gravity
  - benchmark: density
    label: Specific gravity, Teknor Apex Fireguard 910L16-C1A-NL1 plenum cable jacket compound
    value: 1.62
    unit: g/cc
    scope: material
    conditions:
      type: flexible (PVC, Flexible Grade as printed)
      form: not stated
      test: ASTM D792
      temperature: not stated
      grade: Teknor Apex Fireguard 910L16-C1A-NL1
      plasticiser: content not printed
    method: ASTM D792 specific gravity in g/cc, producer data page (via lookpolymers)
    status: ground
    source: lp-fireguard
    where: Physical Properties, Specific Gravity
  - benchmark: density
    label: Specific gravity, Teknor Apex APEX 90-R471U-70-NT medical grade (PDF datasheet)
    value: 1.18
    unit: g/cc
    scope: material
    conditions:
      type: flexible (PVC, Flexible Grade as printed)
      form: pellets
      test: ASTM D792
      temperature: not stated
      grade: Teknor Apex APEX 90-R471U-70-NT
      plasticiser: content not printed
    method: ASTM D792 specific gravity, printed in g/cc (PDF datasheet), producer data page (via lookpolymers)
    status: ground
    source: teknor-pdf-90r471u
    where: Physical Properties, Specific Gravity
  - benchmark: hardness_shore_a
    label: Hardness Shore A, Teknor Apex APEX 590 (15 s)
    value: 90
    unit: Shore A
    scope: material
    conditions:
      type: flexible (PVC, Flexible Grade as printed)
      form: pellets
      test: ASTM D2240, 15 s
      temperature: not stated
      grade: Teknor Apex APEX 590
      plasticiser: content not printed
    method: ASTM D2240, 15 s, producer data page (via lookpolymers)
    status: ground
    source: lp-apex590
    where: Mechanical Properties, Hardness, Shore A
  - benchmark: hardness_shore_a
    label: Hardness Shore A, Teknor Apex APEX 90-R471U-70-NT (15 s, PDF datasheet)
    value: 70
    unit: Shore A
    scope: material
    conditions:
      type: flexible (PVC, Flexible Grade as printed)
      form: pellets
      test: ASTM D2240, 15 s
      temperature: not stated
      grade: Teknor Apex APEX 90-R471U-70-NT
      plasticiser: content not printed
    method: ASTM D2240, 15 s (PDF datasheet), producer data page (via lookpolymers)
    status: ground
    source: teknor-pdf-90r471u
    where: Mechanical Properties, Hardness, Shore A
  - benchmark: ultimate_tensile_strength
    label: Tensile strength at break, Teknor Apex APEX 590
    value: 22.1
    unit: MPa
    scope: material
    conditions:
      type: flexible (PVC, Flexible Grade as printed)
      form: pellets
      test: ASTM D638
      temperature: not stated
      grade: Teknor Apex APEX 590
      plasticiser: content not printed
    method: ASTM D638, producer data page (via lookpolymers)
    status: ground
    source: lp-apex590
    where: Mechanical Properties, Tensile Strength at Break
  - benchmark: ultimate_tensile_strength
    label: Tensile strength at break, Teknor Apex APEX 90-R471U-70-NT (PDF datasheet)
    value: 13.1
    unit: MPa
    scope: material
    conditions:
      type: flexible (PVC, Flexible Grade as printed)
      form: pellets
      test: ASTM D638
      temperature: not stated
      grade: Teknor Apex APEX 90-R471U-70-NT
      plasticiser: content not printed
    method: ASTM D638 (PDF datasheet), producer data page (via lookpolymers)
    status: ground
    source: teknor-pdf-90r471u
    where: Mechanical Properties, Tensile Strength at Break
  - benchmark: elongation
    label: Elongation at break, Teknor Apex APEX 590
    value: 330
    unit: '%'
    scope: material
    conditions:
      type: flexible (PVC, Flexible Grade as printed)
      form: pellets
      test: ASTM D638
      temperature: not stated
      grade: Teknor Apex APEX 590
      plasticiser: content not printed
    method: ASTM D638, producer data page (via lookpolymers)
    status: ground
    source: lp-apex590
    where: Mechanical Properties, Elongation at Break
  - benchmark: elongation
    label: Elongation at break, Teknor Apex APEX 90-R471U-70-NT (PDF datasheet)
    value: 430
    unit: '%'
    scope: material
    conditions:
      type: flexible (PVC, Flexible Grade as printed)
      form: pellets
      test: ASTM D638
      temperature: not stated
      grade: Teknor Apex APEX 90-R471U-70-NT
      plasticiser: content not printed
    method: ASTM D638 (PDF datasheet), producer data page (via lookpolymers)
    status: ground
    source: teknor-pdf-90r471u
    where: Mechanical Properties, Elongation at Break
  - benchmark: max_service_temp
    label: Maximum service temperature in air, Teknor Apex APEX 590 (continuous use)
    value: 60
    unit: °C
    scope: material
    conditions:
      type: flexible (PVC, Flexible Grade as printed)
      form: pellets
      test: ASTM D794, continuous use
      temperature: continuous use in air; value is the limit
      grade: Teknor Apex APEX 590
      plasticiser: content not printed
    method: ASTM D794, continuous use, producer data page (via lookpolymers)
    status: ground
    source: lp-apex590
    where: Thermal Properties, Maximum Service Temperature, Air
    bound: upper
  - benchmark: max_service_temp
    label: Maximum service temperature in air, Teknor Apex Fireguard 910L16 (continuous use)
    value: 60
    unit: °C
    scope: material
    conditions:
      type: flexible (PVC, Flexible Grade as printed)
      form: not stated
      test: ASTM D794, continuous use
      temperature: continuous use in air; value is the limit
      grade: Teknor Apex Fireguard 910L16-C1A-NL1
      plasticiser: content not printed
    method: ASTM D794, continuous use, producer data page (via lookpolymers)
    status: ground
    source: lp-fireguard
    where: Thermal Properties, Maximum Service Temperature, Air
    bound: upper
  - benchmark: brittleness_temperature
    label: Brittleness temperature, Teknor Apex APEX 590
    value: -17
    unit: °C
    scope: material
    conditions:
      type: flexible (PVC, Flexible Grade as printed)
      form: pellets
      test: ASTM D746
      temperature: value is the brittleness temperature
      grade: Teknor Apex APEX 590
      plasticiser: content not printed
    method: ASTM D746, producer data page (via lookpolymers)
    status: ground
    source: lp-apex590
    where: Thermal Properties, Brittleness Temperature
  - benchmark: brittleness_temperature
    label: Brittleness temperature, Geon R295AE flexible grade
    value: -37.2
    unit: °C
    scope: material
    conditions:
      type: flexible (PVC, Flexible Grade as printed)
      form: pellets
      test: ASTM D746
      temperature: value is the brittleness temperature
      grade: Geon R295AE (PolyOne)
      plasticiser: content not printed
    method: ASTM D746, producer data page (via lookpolymers)
    status: ground
    source: lp-geon-r295ae
    where: Thermal Properties, Brittleness Temperature
  - benchmark: limiting_oxygen_index
    label: Oxygen index, Teknor Apex Fireguard 910L16 (flame-retardant plenum grade)
    value: 51
    unit: '%'
    scope: material
    conditions:
      type: flexible (PVC, Flexible Grade as printed)
      form: not stated
      test: ASTM D2863
      temperature: not stated
      grade: Teknor Apex Fireguard 910L16-C1A-NL1
      plasticiser: content not printed
    method: ASTM D2863, producer data page (via lookpolymers)
    status: ground
    source: lp-fireguard
    where: Thermal Properties, Oxygen Index
  - benchmark: limiting_oxygen_index
    label: Oxygen index, Geon R295AE flexible grade (3.18 mm)
    value: 25
    unit: '%'
    scope: material
    conditions:
      type: flexible (PVC, Flexible Grade as printed)
      form: pellets
      test: ASTM D2863, 3.18 mm
      temperature: not stated
      grade: Geon R295AE (PolyOne)
      plasticiser: content not printed
    method: ASTM D2863, 3.18 mm, producer data page (via lookpolymers)
    status: ground
    source: lp-geon-r295ae
    where: Thermal Properties, Oxygen Index
  - benchmark: dielectric_constant
    label: Dielectric constant at 1 MHz, Teknor Apex Fireguard 910L16
    value: 3.58
    unit: '-'
    scope: material
    conditions:
      type: flexible (PVC, Flexible Grade as printed)
      form: not stated
      test: ASTM D150, 1.00e+6 Hz
      temperature: not stated
      grade: Teknor Apex Fireguard 910L16-C1A-NL1
      plasticiser: content not printed
    method: ASTM D150 at 1.00e+6 Hz, producer data page (via lookpolymers)
    status: ground
    source: lp-fireguard
    where: Electrical Properties, Dielectric Constant (1.00e+6 Hz row)
  - benchmark: bulk_density
    label: Bulk density, SolVin 267RC suspension homopolymer extrusion grade
    value: 0.58
    unit: g/cc
    scope: material
    conditions:
      type: PVC resin, unplasticised homopolymer (as printed)
      form: resin powder (suspension homopolymer)
      test: ISO 60
      temperature: not stated
      grade: SolVin 267RC (SolVin)
      plasticiser: none printed
    method: ISO 60, producer data page (via lookpolymers)
    status: ground
    source: lp-solvin267
    where: Physical Properties, Bulk Density
  - benchmark: k_value
    label: K value, SolVin 267RC suspension homopolymer extrusion grade
    value: 67
    unit: '-'
    scope: material
    conditions:
      type: PVC resin, unplasticised homopolymer (as printed)
      form: resin powder (suspension homopolymer)
      test: ISO 1628-2
      temperature: not stated
      grade: SolVin 267RC (SolVin)
      plasticiser: none printed
    method: ISO 1628-2, producer data page (via lookpolymers)
    status: ground
    source: lp-solvin267
    where: Viscosity Measurement, K value
  - benchmark: residual_vinyl_chloride_monomer
    label: Residual vinyl chloride monomer, JPJ Technologies DG-1000 PVC resin
    value: 1
    unit: ug/g
    scope: material
    conditions:
      type: PVC resin, unplasticised homopolymer (as printed)
      form: not stated
      test: not stated
      temperature: not stated
      grade: JPJ Technologies DG-1000 PVC
      plasticiser: none printed
    method: test method not printed (VCM residuals), producer data page (via lookpolymers)
    status: ground
    source: lp-jpj-dg1000
    where: Descriptive Properties, VCM residuals (printed as less than 1 ug/g)
    bound: upper
corrosion:
  - environment: Weathering, indoor and outdoor exposure
    headline: The Novablend 6602 producer note describes excellent indoor and outdoor weathering.
    effect: PolyOne's product note for Novablend 6602 gives excellent indoor and outdoor weathering, and the UL outdoor suitability rating is printed as f1. No exposure time, dose or retained-property value is printed.
    rating: low
    conditions:
      basis: producer product note and UL outdoor rating; no test printed
    source: lp-novablend-6602
    where: Material note; Outdoor Suitability field
  - environment: Chemical exposure (producer claim)
    headline: The Geon HC 8210 producer note claims enhanced chemical resistance.
    effect: PolyOne's note for HC 8210 says the grade offers enhanced chemical resistance for medical device housings. No reagent, concentration, time or retained-property value is printed.
    rating: low
    conditions:
      basis: producer product note; no test medium printed
    source: lp-geon-hc8210
    where: Material note
  - environment: Water and moisture
    headline: PVC is described as water resistant and is used for water pipes.
    effect: The Polymer Science Learning Center (University of Southern Mississippi) says PVC resists water and is used for raincoats, shower curtains and water pipes. No immersion time or water uptake value is given.
    rating: low
    conditions:
      basis: qualitative teaching page
    source: usm-pslc
    where: Introduction paragraph
  - environment: Heat ageing (UL 746 relative thermal index)
    headline: The UL 746 electrical relative thermal index of HC 8210 is printed as 90 °C.
    effect: The page prints a UL 746 electrical relative thermal index of 90.0 °C for HC 8210. It prints no ageing time at temperature and no retained property after heat ageing.
    rating: unknown
    conditions:
      basis: UL 746 rating as printed
    source: lp-geon-hc8210
    where: Thermal Properties, UL RTI, Electrical
risks:
  hazards:
    - text: 'Vinyl chloride, the PVC monomer: PubChem''s aggregated ECHA notifications list H220 extremely flammable gas (99.7 %), H350 may cause cancer (99.7 %), H280 contains gas under pressure (69.9 %) and H341 suspected of causing genetic defects (13.4 %). Signal word Danger.'
      ghs:
        - H220
        - H350
        - H280
        - H341
      source: pubchem-vinyl-chloride
      where: Safety and Hazards, GHS Classification
    - text: 'DEHP, bis(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate, the plasticiser that Wikipedia names for PVC: PubChem classifies it H360FD (may damage fertility; may damage the unborn child), and H360 appears in 94.5 % of notifications. Signal word Danger.'
      ghs:
        - H360FD
        - H360
      source: pubchem-dehp
      where: Safety and Hazards, GHS Classification
    - text: 'Hydrogen chloride gas, which Wikipedia says PVC can form in a fire: PubChem classifies the gas H314 (causes severe skin burns and eye damage; 99.9 %), H331 (toxic if inhaled; 49.4 %) and H290 (may be corrosive to metals; 22.8 %). No SDS or PubChem record for PVC was read to confirm this, so the entry covers the gas itself.'
      ghs:
        - H314
        - H331
        - H290
      source: pubchem-hcl
      where: Safety and Hazards, GHS Classification
  failure_risks:
    - mode: Deflection under load in service
      trigger: Load of 1.8 MPa on a 3.18 mm bar, ASTM D648, unannealed
      consequence: Deflection temperature is 57.0 °C for the unannealed Novablend 6602 compound, against 72.2 °C for the unannealed Geon Vinyl Dry Blend E6001 under the same test.
      severity: moderate
      source: lp-novablend-6602
      where: Thermal Properties, Deflection Temperature at 1.8 MPa
    - mode: Brittle fracture of flexible PVC in cold service
      trigger: Service below the brittleness temperature, ASTM D746
      consequence: The APEX 590 wire-jacket grade has a brittleness temperature of -17.0 °C, so it is not suitable for service colder than that.
      severity: moderate
      source: lp-apex590
      where: Thermal Properties, Brittleness Temperature
    - mode: Loss of notched impact at 0 °C in a molding compound
      trigger: Notched Izod at 0 °C, ASTM D256A, injection molded
      consequence: Geon M5100 gives 0.27 J/cm at 0 °C, against 1.1 J/cm at 23 °C.
      severity: moderate
      source: lp-geon-m5100
      where: Mechanical Properties, Izod Impact, Notched
  side_effects:
    - text: Residual vinyl chloride monomer is printed as less than 1 ug/g in the JPJ DG-1000 PVC resin.
      affects: Resin purity and worker exposure during processing
      source: lp-jpj-dg1000
      where: Descriptive Properties, VCM residuals
  handling:
    - text: Melt-process the Geon Vinyl Dry Blend E6001 at 191 to 199 °C, the processing window printed on its data page.
      source: lp-geon-e6001
      where: Processing Properties, Melt Temperature
    - text: 'For drinking-water contact, use a rated grade: Geon M5100 is listed with NSF 61.'
      source: lp-geon-m5100
      where: Descriptive Properties, Agency Ratings
  mitigations:
    - text: UL 94 V-0 is printed for the rigid compound Geon L1101 (UL 94).
      source: lp-geon-l1101
      where: Thermal Properties, Flammability, UL94
    - text: UL 94 V-0 is printed for the rigid compound Geon L7005 at 0.749 mm.
      source: lp-geon-l7005
      where: Thermal Properties, Flammability, UL94
    - text: UL 94 V-0 is printed for the rigid compound Geon HC 8210 at 1.60 mm, with UL RTI ratings printed alongside.
      source: lp-geon-hc8210
      where: Thermal Properties, Flammability, UL94
    - text: The Fireguard 910L16 flame-retardant plenum compound has an oxygen index of 51 % (ASTM D2863).
      source: lp-fireguard
      where: Thermal Properties, Oxygen Index
    - text: 'Use a lead-free grade where lead stabilisers are restricted: Fainplast RK 320 is named Lead Free.'
      source: lp-fain-rk320
      where: Product name
uses:
  - application: structures
    device: Sewage pipes, pressure pipes, rigid profiles, window frames and electrical ducts
    example: SolVin 267RC, a suspension homopolymer extrusion grade, is listed for these uses
    source: lp-solvin267
    where: Material Notes, Uses
  - application: structures
    device: Transparent rigid profiles
    example: Geon 87548 is a transparent PVC profile compound listed for profiles
    source: lp-geon-87548
    where: Uses field
  - application: electronics-and-chips
    device: Plenum cable jacketing (flame retardant)
    example: Teknor Apex Fireguard 910L16-C1A-NL1 is listed for plenum cable jacketing and wire types CL2P, CL3P and others
    source: lp-fireguard
    where: Uses and Wire Types fields
supply:
  - subject: Salt (sodium chloride), feedstock for chlorine
    producers:
      - country: China
        share_percent: 20.7
        year: 2025
      - country: United States
        share_percent: 14.8
        year: 2025
      - country: India
        share_percent: 11.1
        year: 2025
      - country: Germany
        share_percent: 5.6
        year: 2025
      - country: Canada
        share_percent: 4.8
        year: 2025
    critical_lists: []
    recycling: USGS salt summary gives recycling as none for salt
    substitutes:
      - 'USGS salt summary: for most applications no economic substitutes exist for salt'
    source: usgs-salt-mcs2026
    where: Domestic production and use; World Mine Production and Reserves table, 2025 (shares calculated here against the rounded world total of 270,000, units as printed)
  - subject: Chlorine from salt brine (chlor-alkali route to PVC)
    producers: []
    critical_lists: []
    recycling: not found for PVC in a readable source
    substitutes: []
    source: usgs-salt-mcs2026
    where: Domestic production and use, chemical industry paragraph; Events, trends and issues, demand paragraph for polyvinyl chloride in Asia
media: []
documents:
  - title: KEGG COMPOUND C19508, Polyvinyl chloride (CAS 9002-86-2, formula (C2H3Cl)n)
    type: database
    url: https://www.kegg.jp/entry/C19508
  - title: 'ChEBI CHEBI:53243, poly(vinyl chloride): name, formula and synonyms'
    type: database
    url: https://www.ebi.ac.uk/chebi/searchId.do?chebiId=53243
  - title: Wikipedia, Polyvinyl chloride (names, composition, stabilisers, plasticisers, uses; used for composition and history only)
    type: report
    url: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polyvinyl_chloride
  - title: 'Polymer Science Learning Center, University of Southern Mississippi: PVC, Poly(vinyl chloride)'
    type: report
    url: https://www.pslc.ws/mactest/pvc.htm
  - title: 'ESPA, European Stabiliser Producers Association: liquid stabilisers for PVC'
    type: report
    url: http://www.stabilisers.eu/stabilisers-types/liquid-stabilisers
  - title: 'USGS Mineral Commodity Summaries 2026: Salt'
    type: report
    url: https://pubs.usgs.gov/periodicals/mcs2026/mcs2026-salt.pdf
    year: 2026
  - title: 'PubChem compound CID 6338, vinyl chloride: GHS classification'
    type: database
    url: https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/6338
  - title: 'PubChem compound CID 8343, bis(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate: GHS classification'
    type: database
    url: https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/8343
  - title: 'PubChem compound CID 313, hydrogen chloride: GHS classification'
    type: database
    url: https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/313
  - title: NIST Atomic Weights and Isotopic Compositions for Chlorine
    type: database
    url: https://physics.nist.gov/cgi-bin/Compositions/stand_alone.pl?ele=Cl&ascii=html
  - title: NIST Atomic Weights and Isotopic Compositions for Carbon
    type: database
    url: https://physics.nist.gov/cgi-bin/Compositions/stand_alone.pl?ele=C&ascii=html
  - title: NIST Atomic Weights and Isotopic Compositions for Hydrogen
    type: database
    url: https://physics.nist.gov/cgi-bin/Compositions/stand_alone.pl?ele=H&ascii=html
  - title: PolyOne Geon Vinyl Packaging 161J-4-DD, PVC rigid grade, producer data via lookpolymers
    type: datasheet
    url: https://www.lookpolymers.com/polymer_PolyOne-Geon-Vinyl-Packaging-161J-4-DD-Polyvinyl-Chloride-Rigid-PVC-Rigid.php
  - title: PolyOne Geon Vinyl Rigid Extrusion 87548, PVC rigid profile compound, producer data via lookpolymers
    type: datasheet
    url: https://www.lookpolymers.com/polymer_PolyOne-Geon-Vinyl-Rigid-Extrusion-87548-Polyvinyl-Chloride-Rigid-PVC-Rigid.php
  - title: PolyOne Geon Vinyl Dry Blend E6001, PVC rigid dry blend, producer data via lookpolymers
    type: datasheet
    url: https://www.lookpolymers.com/polymer_PolyOne-Geon-Vinyl-Dry-Blend-E6001-Polyvinyl-Chloride-Rigid-PVC-Rigid.php
  - title: PolyOne Geon Vinyl Rigid Extrusion L1101, PVC rigid profile compound, producer data via lookpolymers
    type: datasheet
    url: https://www.lookpolymers.com/polymer_PolyOne-Geon-Vinyl-Rigid-Extrusion-L1101-Polyvinyl-Chloride-Rigid-PVC-Rigid.php
  - title: PolyOne Geon Vinyl Rigid Extrusion L7005, PVC rigid profile compound, producer data via lookpolymers
    type: datasheet
    url: https://www.lookpolymers.com/polymer_PolyOne-Geon-Vinyl-Rigid-Extrusion-L7005-Polyvinyl-Chloride-Rigid-PVC-Rigid.php
  - title: PolyOne Geon Vinyl Rigid Molding M5100 Natural, PVC rigid molding compound, producer data via lookpolymers
    type: datasheet
    url: https://www.lookpolymers.com/polymer_PolyOne-Geon-Vinyl-Rigid-Molding-M5100-Natural-Polyvinyl-Chloride-Rigid-PVC-Rigid.php
  - title: PolyOne Geon HC 8210, PVC rigid medical device housing grade, producer data via lookpolymers
    type: datasheet
    url: https://www.lookpolymers.com/polymer_PolyOne-Geon-HC-8210-Polyvinyl-Chloride-Rigid-PVC-Rigid.php
  - title: PolyOne Novablend 6602, rigid opaque PVC molding compound, producer data via lookpolymers
    type: datasheet
    url: https://www.lookpolymers.com/polymer_PolyOne-Novablend-6602-Polyvinyl-Chloride-Rigid-PVC-Rigid.php
  - title: Fainplast Compounds RK 320 Rigid PVC, Extrusion Lead Free, producer data via lookpolymers
    type: datasheet
    url: https://www.lookpolymers.com/polymer_Fainplast-Compounds-RK-320-Rigid-PVC-Extrusion-Lead-Free.php
  - title: Fainplast Compounds RE 412/L Rigid PVC, Extrusion (corrugated plastics), producer data via lookpolymers
    type: datasheet
    url: https://www.lookpolymers.com/polymer_Fainplast-Compounds-RE-412L-Rigid-PVC-Extrusion.php
  - title: JPJ Technologies DG-1000 PVC resin, producer data via lookpolymers
    type: datasheet
    url: https://www.lookpolymers.com/polymer_JPJ-Technologies-DG-1000-PVC.php
  - title: SolVin 267RC Polyvinyl Chloride Homopolymer Extrusion Grade, producer data via lookpolymers
    type: datasheet
    url: https://www.lookpolymers.com/polymer_SolVin-267RC-Polyvinyl-Chloride-Homopolymer-Extrusion-Grade.php
  - title: Teknor Apex APEX 590 Polyvinyl Chloride, Flexible, producer data via lookpolymers
    type: datasheet
    url: https://www.lookpolymers.com/polymer_Teknor-Apex-APEX-590-Polyvinyl-Chloride-Flexible.php
  - title: Teknor Apex Fireguard 910L16-C1A-NL1 Polyvinyl Chloride, Flexible, producer data via lookpolymers
    type: datasheet
    url: https://www.lookpolymers.com/polymer_Teknor-Apex-Fireguard-910L16-C1A-NL1-Polyvinyl-Chloride-Flexible.php
  - title: PolyOne Geon Vinyl Flexible R295AE, Polyvinyl Chloride, Flexible, producer data via lookpolymers
    type: datasheet
    url: https://www.lookpolymers.com/polymer_PolyOne-Geon-Vinyl-Flexible-R295AE-Polyvinyl-Chloride-Flexible-PVC-Flexible.php
  - title: 'Teknor Apex APEX 90-R471U-70-NT Polyvinyl Chloride, Flexible: PDF datasheet via lookpolymers'
    type: datasheet
    url: https://www.lookpolymers.com/pdf/Teknor-Apex-APEX-90-R471U-70-NT-Polyvinyl-Chloride-Flexible.pdf
gaps:
  - 'Glass transition temperature: not entered. No readable primary source gave a value. Wikipedia prints 82 °C with a reference that was not opened, and Wikipedia is used here for composition only.'
  - 'Melting point: none printed in the sources read, because PVC is not reported with a melting point. The processing melt temperature for Geon E6001 (191 to 199 °C) is a processing window, not a melting point.'
  - 'Continuous-use maximum service temperature for rigid compounds: not printed on the rigid grade pages read. The UL 746 relative thermal index (90 °C for Geon HC 8210) is a rating, not a service limit. The 60 °C continuous-use values are for two flexible cable grades only.'
  - 'Pipe-specific data: no pipe test result was read (ISO 1452 or EN 1452 hydrostatic strength, pipe stiffness, impact, or ASTM D1785 pipe tests). The rigid rows are compound datasheets for profiles and molding grades, not pipe test results.'
  - 'Plasticiser content of the flexible grades: not printed on the grade pages read, so no content value is entered. Wikipedia names DEHP as a historical plasticiser and states that unplasticised PVC contains none.'
  - 'Chemical resistance: only qualitative statements were read (Novablend 6602 weathering, HC 8210 chemical-resistance claim, PSLC water resistance). No reagent, concentration, time or retained-property value was found.'
  - 'Hydrogen chloride from burning PVC: no SDS or PubChem record for PVC was readable. PubChem has no compound record for PVC by name, and the CAS lookup returns chloroethane and vinyl chloride. Only the PubChem record for hydrogen chloride gas is entered. Wikipedia''s statement on burning PVC is not used as a hazard value.'
  - 'Hazards of the PVC resin or compound itself: no SDS for a PVC resin or compound was read. Hazard rows cover the monomer, the plasticiser DEHP and hydrogen chloride gas only.'
  - 'Geon 161J-4-DD page: it prints a density of 0.801 g/cc (ASTM D1505) next to a specific gravity of 1.32 g/cc. The 0.801 value is not entered because it does not fit the solid polymer and the page does not say what it measures.'
  - Resin rows (SolVin 267RC bulk density and K value, JPJ DG-1000 residual monomer) are properties of the resin powder, not of the cured material.
  - 'Property names not in spores/property-canon.yaml (short snake_case names, unit as printed): izod_impact_notched, hardness_shore_a, hardness_shore_d, brittleness_temperature, limiting_oxygen_index, bulk_density, k_value, residual_vinyl_chloride_monomer, ul_rti_electrical, melt_temperature_processing.'
  - 'Not found in any source read: thermal conductivity, specific heat, water absorption, dielectric strength, electrical resistivity, and tensile strength at break for rigid compounds other than RK 320.'
  - 'Supply: the USGS salt summary gives the chlor-alkali feedstock route and 2025 salt production by country; shares are calculated here against the rounded world total. No PVC producer shares, ethylene feedstock figure, PVC recycling rate or PVC substitutes were found in a readable source. The USGS 2025 critical-minerals page returned HTTP 403, so the critical-mineral status of salt is not recorded.'
  - 'Space environment: radiation, outgassing (TML and CVCM), atomic-oxygen erosion and vacuum behaviour of PVC were not found in a readable source, so no space rows are entered.'
  - 'Designations: PVC-U and ISO 1163 are not printed in any source read. uPVC and PVC are printed by Wikipedia. ASTM D1784 cell classes are printed for two named grades (16343 for Geon L1101, 10264 for Geon E6001), and an ASTM D4216 class (1-42434-33) is printed for Geon L7005.'
  - 'Flame rating: UL 94 V-0 is a rating, not a numeric value, so it is recorded in the mitigations and story text rather than in properties.'
  - 'Media: none added; no image was downloaded into the media folder for this profile.'
  - Test temperature for specific gravity (ASTM D792), Shore hardness and tensile tests is not printed on most grade pages and is recorded as not stated.
sources:
  kegg-pvc:
    title: KEGG COMPOUND C19508, Polyvinyl chloride (CAS 9002-86-2, formula (C2H3Cl)n)
    url: https://www.kegg.jp/entry/C19508
    kind: database
    license: KEGG (cited, not reproduced)
  chebi-pvc:
    title: 'ChEBI CHEBI:53243, poly(vinyl chloride): name, formula and synonyms'
    url: https://www.ebi.ac.uk/chebi/searchId.do?chebiId=53243
    kind: database
    license: ChEBI, EMBL-EBI (cited, not reproduced)
  wiki-pvc:
    title: Wikipedia, Polyvinyl chloride (names, composition, stabilisers, plasticisers, uses; used for composition and history only)
    url: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polyvinyl_chloride
    kind: web
    license: CC BY-SA (Wikipedia)
  usm-pslc:
    title: 'Polymer Science Learning Center, University of Southern Mississippi: PVC, Poly(vinyl chloride)'
    url: https://www.pslc.ws/mactest/pvc.htm
    kind: web
    license: Educational web page (cited, not reproduced)
  espa-stabilisers:
    title: 'ESPA, European Stabiliser Producers Association: liquid stabilisers for PVC'
    url: http://www.stabilisers.eu/stabilisers-types/liquid-stabilisers
    kind: web
    license: Industry association web page (cited, not reproduced)
  usgs-salt-mcs2026:
    title: 'USGS Mineral Commodity Summaries 2026: Salt'
    url: https://pubs.usgs.gov/periodicals/mcs2026/mcs2026-salt.pdf
    kind: report
    year: 2026
    license: public domain (USGS)
  pubchem-vinyl-chloride:
    title: 'PubChem compound CID 6338, vinyl chloride: GHS classification'
    url: https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/6338
    kind: database
    license: public domain (NCBI)
  pubchem-dehp:
    title: 'PubChem compound CID 8343, bis(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate: GHS classification'
    url: https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/8343
    kind: database
    license: public domain (NCBI)
  pubchem-hcl:
    title: 'PubChem compound CID 313, hydrogen chloride: GHS classification'
    url: https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/313
    kind: database
    license: public domain (NCBI)
  nist-cl:
    title: NIST Atomic Weights and Isotopic Compositions for Chlorine
    url: https://physics.nist.gov/cgi-bin/Compositions/stand_alone.pl?ele=Cl&ascii=html
    kind: database
    license: public domain (NIST)
    note: Standard atomic weight printed as [35.446, 35.457]
  nist-c:
    title: NIST Atomic Weights and Isotopic Compositions for Carbon
    url: https://physics.nist.gov/cgi-bin/Compositions/stand_alone.pl?ele=C&ascii=html
    kind: database
    license: public domain (NIST)
    note: Standard atomic weight printed as [12.0096, 12.0116]
  nist-h:
    title: NIST Atomic Weights and Isotopic Compositions for Hydrogen
    url: https://physics.nist.gov/cgi-bin/Compositions/stand_alone.pl?ele=H&ascii=html
    kind: database
    license: public domain (NIST)
    note: Standard atomic weight printed as [1.00784, 1.00811]
  lp-geon-161j:
    title: PolyOne Geon Vinyl Packaging 161J-4-DD, PVC rigid grade, producer data via lookpolymers
    url: https://www.lookpolymers.com/polymer_PolyOne-Geon-Vinyl-Packaging-161J-4-DD-Polyvinyl-Chloride-Rigid-PVC-Rigid.php
    kind: datasheet
    license: Manufacturer data, cited (not reproduced)
  lp-geon-87548:
    title: PolyOne Geon Vinyl Rigid Extrusion 87548, PVC rigid profile compound, producer data via lookpolymers
    url: https://www.lookpolymers.com/polymer_PolyOne-Geon-Vinyl-Rigid-Extrusion-87548-Polyvinyl-Chloride-Rigid-PVC-Rigid.php
    kind: datasheet
    license: Manufacturer data, cited (not reproduced)
  lp-geon-e6001:
    title: PolyOne Geon Vinyl Dry Blend E6001, PVC rigid dry blend, producer data via lookpolymers
    url: https://www.lookpolymers.com/polymer_PolyOne-Geon-Vinyl-Dry-Blend-E6001-Polyvinyl-Chloride-Rigid-PVC-Rigid.php
    kind: datasheet
    license: Manufacturer data, cited (not reproduced)
  lp-geon-l1101:
    title: PolyOne Geon Vinyl Rigid Extrusion L1101, PVC rigid profile compound, producer data via lookpolymers
    url: https://www.lookpolymers.com/polymer_PolyOne-Geon-Vinyl-Rigid-Extrusion-L1101-Polyvinyl-Chloride-Rigid-PVC-Rigid.php
    kind: datasheet
    license: Manufacturer data, cited (not reproduced)
  lp-geon-l7005:
    title: PolyOne Geon Vinyl Rigid Extrusion L7005, PVC rigid profile compound, producer data via lookpolymers
    url: https://www.lookpolymers.com/polymer_PolyOne-Geon-Vinyl-Rigid-Extrusion-L7005-Polyvinyl-Chloride-Rigid-PVC-Rigid.php
    kind: datasheet
    license: Manufacturer data, cited (not reproduced)
  lp-geon-m5100:
    title: PolyOne Geon Vinyl Rigid Molding M5100 Natural, PVC rigid molding compound, producer data via lookpolymers
    url: https://www.lookpolymers.com/polymer_PolyOne-Geon-Vinyl-Rigid-Molding-M5100-Natural-Polyvinyl-Chloride-Rigid-PVC-Rigid.php
    kind: datasheet
    license: Manufacturer data, cited (not reproduced)
  lp-geon-hc8210:
    title: PolyOne Geon HC 8210, PVC rigid medical device housing grade, producer data via lookpolymers
    url: https://www.lookpolymers.com/polymer_PolyOne-Geon-HC-8210-Polyvinyl-Chloride-Rigid-PVC-Rigid.php
    kind: datasheet
    license: Manufacturer data, cited (not reproduced)
  lp-novablend-6602:
    title: PolyOne Novablend 6602, rigid opaque PVC molding compound, producer data via lookpolymers
    url: https://www.lookpolymers.com/polymer_PolyOne-Novablend-6602-Polyvinyl-Chloride-Rigid-PVC-Rigid.php
    kind: datasheet
    license: Manufacturer data, cited (not reproduced)
  lp-fain-rk320:
    title: Fainplast Compounds RK 320 Rigid PVC, Extrusion Lead Free, producer data via lookpolymers
    url: https://www.lookpolymers.com/polymer_Fainplast-Compounds-RK-320-Rigid-PVC-Extrusion-Lead-Free.php
    kind: datasheet
    license: Manufacturer data, cited (not reproduced)
  lp-fain-re412:
    title: Fainplast Compounds RE 412/L Rigid PVC, Extrusion (corrugated plastics), producer data via lookpolymers
    url: https://www.lookpolymers.com/polymer_Fainplast-Compounds-RE-412L-Rigid-PVC-Extrusion.php
    kind: datasheet
    license: Manufacturer data, cited (not reproduced)
  lp-jpj-dg1000:
    title: JPJ Technologies DG-1000 PVC resin, producer data via lookpolymers
    url: https://www.lookpolymers.com/polymer_JPJ-Technologies-DG-1000-PVC.php
    kind: datasheet
    license: Manufacturer data, cited (not reproduced)
  lp-solvin267:
    title: SolVin 267RC Polyvinyl Chloride Homopolymer Extrusion Grade, producer data via lookpolymers
    url: https://www.lookpolymers.com/polymer_SolVin-267RC-Polyvinyl-Chloride-Homopolymer-Extrusion-Grade.php
    kind: datasheet
    license: Manufacturer data, cited (not reproduced)
  lp-apex590:
    title: Teknor Apex APEX 590 Polyvinyl Chloride, Flexible, producer data via lookpolymers
    url: https://www.lookpolymers.com/polymer_Teknor-Apex-APEX-590-Polyvinyl-Chloride-Flexible.php
    kind: datasheet
    license: Manufacturer data, cited (not reproduced)
  lp-fireguard:
    title: Teknor Apex Fireguard 910L16-C1A-NL1 Polyvinyl Chloride, Flexible, producer data via lookpolymers
    url: https://www.lookpolymers.com/polymer_Teknor-Apex-Fireguard-910L16-C1A-NL1-Polyvinyl-Chloride-Flexible.php
    kind: datasheet
    license: Manufacturer data, cited (not reproduced)
  lp-geon-r295ae:
    title: PolyOne Geon Vinyl Flexible R295AE, Polyvinyl Chloride, Flexible, producer data via lookpolymers
    url: https://www.lookpolymers.com/polymer_PolyOne-Geon-Vinyl-Flexible-R295AE-Polyvinyl-Chloride-Flexible-PVC-Flexible.php
    kind: datasheet
    license: Manufacturer data, cited (not reproduced)
  teknor-pdf-90r471u:
    title: 'Teknor Apex APEX 90-R471U-70-NT Polyvinyl Chloride, Flexible: PDF datasheet via lookpolymers'
    url: https://www.lookpolymers.com/pdf/Teknor-Apex-APEX-90-R471U-70-NT-Polyvinyl-Chloride-Flexible.pdf
    kind: datasheet
    license: Manufacturer data, cited (not reproduced)
license: CC-BY-4.0
updated: '2026-10-24'
review:
  status: draft
  method: assistant
  checked_values: 46
  unreachable: 0
  caveats: 7
  note: 'Values read by an AI assistant on 2026-10-24 from the producer data pages named in each row (lookpolymers.com reproduces producer data sheets, and a Teknor Apex PDF), PubChem, NIST, KEGG, ChEBI, Wikipedia (composition only), the USGS salt summary, the Polymer Science Learning Center and the ESPA stabiliser page. Web search was unavailable, so pages were fetched directly from known URLs and from links on pages already read. Not reached: CAS Common Chemistry (script-only page), ECHA, NIOSH ICSC, the USGS 2025 critical-minerals page, MakeItFrom and Curbell (HTTP 403), and PubChem name and CAS lookups for PVC (no record). Caveats: resin values are powder properties; the 0.801 g/cc density on the Geon 161J page is not used; producer shares are calculated here.'
story:
  why: PVC is a vinyl polymer made from vinyl chloride. Its rigid form, called uPVC or unplasticised PVC, is a stiff, dense compound for pipes, profiles and window frames. Flexible PVC adds a plasticiser to stay soft for cable jackets and tubing. The rigid compounds read here have a specific gravity of 1.32 to 1.54 and a tensile yield strength of 38.2 to 53.4 MPa, and they begin to deflect under load near 57 to 72 °C.
  uses:
    - where: Pipes and profiles
      line: SolVin 267RC is listed for sewage pipes, pressure pipes, rigid profiles, window frames and electrical ducts. Geon 87548 is a transparent compound for profiles.
    - where: Cable jacketing
      line: Teknor Apex Fireguard 910L16 is a flame-retardant flexible compound listed for plenum cable jacketing, with an oxygen index of 51 %.
  can_do:
    - label: Density
      value: 1.32 to 1.54 g/cc
      benchmark: density
      line: Rigid compounds read here have a specific gravity of 1.32 (Geon 161J-4-DD) to 1.54 (Geon Vinyl Dry Blend E6001), by ASTM D792.
    - label: Yield strength
      value: 38.2 to 53.4 MPa
      benchmark: yield_strength
      line: Tensile yield strength is 38.2 MPa for the E6001 dry blend and 53.4 MPa for the Geon 87548 profile compound, ASTM D638 Type I.
    - label: Heat under load
      value: 57 to 72.2 °C
      benchmark: heat_deflection_temperature
      line: Deflection temperature at 1.8 MPa is 57 °C for the unannealed Novablend 6602 and 72.2 °C for the unannealed Geon E6001, ASTM D648.
    - label: Flexible elongation
      value: 330 to 430 %
      benchmark: elongation
      line: Two flexible grades entered here reach 330 % (APEX 590) and 430 % (APEX 90-R471U-70-NT) elongation at break, ASTM D638.
    - label: Flame
      value: 51 %
      benchmark: limiting_oxygen_index
      line: The flame-retardant plenum compound has an oxygen index of 51 % (ASTM D2863). UL 94 V-0 is printed for three rigid compounds.
  compare: 'Within the rigid compounds, density, yield strength and heat deflection all change with the grade: specific gravity runs from 1.32 to 1.54, yield strength from 38.2 to 53.4 MPa, and heat deflection at 1.8 MPa from 57 to 72.2 °C. The flexible grades span 1.18 to 1.62 g/cc (specific gravity), and two of the grades entered here reach 330 % (APEX 590) and 430 % (APEX 90-R471U-70-NT) elongation at break.'
  compare_rows:
    - label: Density (specific gravity)
      benchmark: density
    - label: Yield strength
      benchmark: yield_strength
    - label: Heat deflection at 1.8 MPa
      benchmark: heat_deflection_temperature
  handling:
    - Process the Geon Vinyl Dry Blend E6001 at a melt temperature of 191 to 199 °C, as printed on its data page.
    - For drinking-water contact, choose a rated grade. Geon M5100 is listed with NSF 61.
    - Choose a lead-free grade where lead stabilisers are not wanted. Fainplast RK 320 is sold as lead free.
  good_for:
    - 'Stiff profiles, pipes and window frames: rigid compounds with a tensile yield strength of 38.2 to 53.4 MPa.'
    - 'Flame-rated rigid parts: UL 94 V-0 is printed for the Geon L1101, L7005 and HC 8210 compounds.'
    - 'Flexible cable jacketing: the Fireguard plenum compound has an oxygen index of 51 %.'
  watch_out:
    - 'Heat: rigid compounds deflect under load at 57 to 72.2 °C (1.8 MPa). No melting point is printed, and the processing melt temperatures are not melting points.'
    - 'Cold: the flexible APEX 590 grade is brittle at -17 °C (ASTM D746), and the Geon R295AE grade at -37.2 °C.'
    - 'Impact: the Geon M5100 molding compound gives a notched Izod of 0.27 J/cm at 0 °C, against 1.1 J/cm at 23 °C.'
    - 'Data gaps: no glass transition, no continuous-use service limit for rigid compounds, and no pipe test data were read.'
  verdict: Rigid PVC (uPVC) is a dense, stiff and flame-rated thermoplastic whose compounds deflect under load near 57 to 72.2 °C. Flexible PVC trades stiffness and heat resistance for elongation. The record has no glass transition, no sharp melting point and no pipe-specific test values.
  recipe:
    line: 'PVC is made from vinyl chloride, with the repeat unit -CH2-CHCl- written (C2H3Cl)n. Vinyl chloride is polymerised by free radicals (PSLC), and SolVin 267RC is made by suspension polymerisation. Heat stabilisers are added: the liquid mixed-metal systems use Ba, Zn, Ca, Mg or K carboxylates with co-stabilisers (ESPA). Plasticised grades add a plasticiser, while unplasticised PVC contains none (Wikipedia).'
    parts:
      - name: Vinyl chloride (monomer)
        symbol: C2H3Cl
        role: Monomer; polymerised to the -CH2-CHCl- repeat unit by free-radical or suspension polymerisation
        source: usm-pslc
        where: Structure and production paragraph
      - name: Carbon
        symbol: C
        atoms: 2
        atomic_weight: 12.0096
        role: Backbone carbon of the repeat unit
        share_note: NIST standard atomic weight, lower bound of the printed interval
        source: nist-c
        where: Standard Atomic Weight
      - name: Hydrogen
        symbol: H
        atoms: 3
        atomic_weight: 1.00784
        role: Hydrogen of the repeat unit
        share_note: NIST standard atomic weight, lower bound of the printed interval
        source: nist-h
        where: Standard Atomic Weight
      - name: Chlorine
        symbol: Cl
        atoms: 1
        atomic_weight: 35.446
        role: Side-group chlorine, which PSLC says gives PVC its flame resistance
        share_note: NIST standard atomic weight, lower bound of the printed interval
        source: nist-cl
        where: Standard Atomic Weight
      - name: Heat stabiliser package
        role: Prevents thermal degradation during processing; liquid mixed-metal systems use Ba, Zn, Ca, Mg or K carboxylates with co-stabilisers
        source: espa-stabilisers
        where: Liquid stabilisers text
      - name: Plasticiser (flexible grades only)
        role: Makes PVC flexible; content not printed on the grade pages. Wikipedia names DEHP as a historical plasticiser
        source: wiki-pvc
        where: Plasticizers paragraphs
  risk_groups:
    - title: For people
      lead: The monomer and the plasticiser DEHP carry hazard statements in PubChem. No hazard statement for the PVC resin itself is recorded here.
      level: 2
      verdict: Monomer and plasticiser carry hazards
      points:
        - label: Vinyl chloride
          line: PubChem's aggregated notifications list H220 (extremely flammable gas), H350 (may cause cancer) and H341 (suspected of causing genetic defects) for the monomer.
        - label: Residual monomer
          line: The JPJ Technologies DG-1000 resin prints residual vinyl chloride monomer below 1 ug/g.
    - title: If it burns
      lead: Burning PVC produces gases. This profile records only the PubChem hazard of hydrogen chloride gas, because no SDS or PubChem record for PVC was read to confirm what a burning compound releases.
      level: 2
      verdict: V-0 flame rating on rigid grades
      points:
        - label: Flame rating
          line: UL 94 V-0 is printed for the rigid compounds Geon L1101, L7005 and HC 8210.
        - label: Hydrogen chloride
          line: Hydrogen chloride gas carries H314 (severe skin burns and eye damage) and H331 (toxic if inhaled) in PubChem.
    - title: Handling and storage
      points:
        - label: Processing
          line: Geon Vinyl Dry Blend E6001 prints a melt temperature of 191 to 199 °C.
        - label: Water contact
          line: Geon M5100 is listed with NSF 61.