Material families
Ferrous vs non-ferrous metals: the difference, with the data
Ferrous metals are iron-based alloys such as Carbon steel 1018, Stainless steel 304L and Gray cast iron; non-ferrous metals have another base metal, such as Aluminium alloy 6061, copper or nickel. In 31 Space Mushroom profiles the two groups overlap on all 8 properties, so the base metal, not one measured number, is what separates them.
Ferrous iron is the base metal
15 profiles in this selection
- Density, g/cm3
- 7.85median of 13 · 7.2 to 8.03
- Melting point, °C
- 1,419median of 6 · 1,410 to 1,503
- Thermal conductivity, W/(m·K)
- 33.2median of 10 · 14 to 64.2
- Electrical resistivity, µΩ·cm
- 72median of 7 · 14.2 to 98
Non-ferrous another base metal
16 profiles in this selection
- Density, g/cm3
- 7.84median of 16 · 1.8 to 19.3
- Melting point, °C
- 962median of 15 · 232 to 3,422
- Thermal conductivity, W/(m·K)
- 116median of 15 · 6.7 to 429
- Electrical resistivity, µΩ·cm
- 6.02median of 12 · 1.63 to 121
What is the difference between ferrous and non-ferrous metals?
Ferrous metals are alloys with iron as the base metal, such as steel, stainless steel and cast iron; non-ferrous metals have another base metal, such as aluminium, copper, nickel or titanium (general engineering definition, not in our data). In the 31 Space Mushroom profiles chosen here, all 15 ferrous formulas state iron as the balance, and the two lanes overlap on all 8 measured properties.
The median is the middle value of a list sorted from low to high, and the profiles here are a selection with one to a few members per alloy class, not every metal in the database. A formula's balance is the element that makes up the remainder after the listed alloying elements.
- Ferrous
- An alloy whose base metal is iron: carbon steel, alloy steel, tool steel, stainless steel and cast iron here (general engineering definition, not in our data).
- Non-ferrous
- An alloy or metal whose base metal is not iron: aluminium, copper, nickel, titanium, magnesium, zinc, lead, tin, silver, gold and tungsten here.
- Log scale
- An axis where equal distances mean equal ratios, so values from 1.8 to 19.3 fit in one picture.
- Plotted record
- The one sourced record per profile that the chart shows, chosen as the one closest to the middle of that profile's own records; its conditions are in the tables.
How do ferrous and non-ferrous metals compare, property by property?
No single property separates ferrous from non-ferrous metals in our data: the two lanes overlap on all 8 properties. The widest gap between lane medians is electrical resistivity, at 72 µΩ·cm for ferrous and 6.02 µΩ·cm for non-ferrous profiles, followed by thermal conductivity. Choose a property below to see every profile as a dot.
| Property, unit | Ferrous: profiles | Ferrous: median | Ferrous: lowest to highest | Non-ferrous: profiles | Non-ferrous: median | Non-ferrous: lowest to highest | Lanes overlap from to |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Density, g/cm3 | 13 | 7.85 | 7.2 to 8.03 | 16 | 7.84 | 1.8 to 19.3 | 7.2 to 8.03 |
| Melting point, °C | 6 | 1,419 | 1,410 to 1,503 | 15 | 962 | 232 to 3,422 | 1,410 to 1,503 |
| Thermal conductivity, W/(m·K) | 10 | 33.2 | 14 to 64.2 | 15 | 116 | 6.7 to 429 | 14 to 64.2 |
| Electrical resistivity, µΩ·cm | 7 | 72 | 14.2 to 98 | 12 | 6.02 | 1.63 to 121 | 14.2 to 98 |
| Elastic modulus, GPa | 15 | 200 | 111 to 210 | 13 | 78 | 16 to 411 | 111 to 210 |
| Yield strength, MPa | 14 | 375 | 170 to 1,000 | 10 | 221 | 29 to 1,179 | 170 to 1,000 |
| Tensile strength, MPa | 14 | 500 | 241 to 1,075 | 10 | 350 | 88 to 1,134 | 241 to 1,075 |
| Specific heat, J/(kg·K) | 9 | 460 | 419 to 500 | 12 | 427 | 129 to 1,001 | 419 to 500 |
Each profile is one dot, placed at one sourced record (a range printed in a source is plotted at its midpoint). Records measured outside −20 °C to 100 °C and predictions are left out; the tables under each chart list the conditions of every plotted record, and the full list of records is in the details under each table.
DensityMelting pointThermal conductivityElectrical resistivityElastic modulusYield strengthTensile strengthSpecific heat
Density of ferrous and non-ferrous profiles, g/cm3
Ferrous median 7.85 g/cm3 (13 profiles, 7.2 to 8.03); non-ferrous median 7.84 g/cm3 (16 profiles, 1.8 to 19.3, from Magnesium alloy AZ31B to Gold). The lanes overlap from 7.2 to 8.03 g/cm3, and 2 of 16 non-ferrous profiles sit inside the ferrous range.
Hover or focus a dot to read its value, conditions and source. Circles are ferrous profiles, diamonds are non-ferrous; a thin line behind a dot runs from the lowest to the highest record of that profile.
| Lane | Profile | Value plotted, g/cm3 | Lowest to highest, g/cm3 | Records | Conditions of the plotted record | Source |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Ferrous | Gray cast iron (flake graphite iron) | 7.2 | 7.2 | 1 | grade: EN-GJL-250; temperature: 20.0 °C | MfgRobots |
| Ferrous | Stainless steel 430 | 7.74 | 7.7 to 7.74 | 2 | form: 430 stainless steel (Combined Metals data sheet, nominal); temper: not printed; temperature: 20 C (At 20oC column) | Combined Metals |
| Ferrous | ASTM A36 structural carbon steel | 7.8 | 7.8 | 1 | form: not stated (general A36); temperature: not stated | Wikipedia |
| Ferrous | 17-4 PH stainless steel | 7.81 | 7.75 to 7.86 | 3 | condition: H900; form: sheet, strip, plate and long products | Jacquet Metal Service |
| Ferrous | Duplex stainless steel 2205 | 7.82 | 7.8 to 7.82 | 2 | form: plate, sheet and strip (ASTM A240, UNS S32205); heat treatment: not printed on the page; temperature: not printed | ATI |
| Ferrous | Alloy steel AISI 4140 (chromium-molybdenum) | 7.85 | 7.85 | 1 | basis: physical properties table; no temperature or heat treatment stated | Elgin |
| Ferrous | AISI D2 cold-work tool steel (EN 1.2379, X153CrMoV12) | 7.85 | 7.7 to 8 | 3 | heat treatment: not stated; ground flat stock | Steel Service Krefeld |
| Ferrous | Carbon steel 1070 | 7.85 | 7.7 to 8.03 | 2 | grade: SAE/AISI 1070; temperature: not stated | Matmake |
| Ferrous | Alloy steel AISI 4340 (nickel-chromium-molybdenum) | 7.7 to 8.03 (midpoint plotted) | 7.7 to 8.03 | 1 | temperature: 25 C | eFunda |
| Ferrous | Carbon steel 1018 | 7.87 | 7.67 to 7.9 | 3 | processing: cold drawn; temperature: not stated | Elgin |
| Ferrous | Carbon steel 1010 | 7.9 | 7.9 | 2 | processing: hot rolled; temperature: 23 °C | MfgRobots |
| Ferrous | Stainless steel 304L | 7.9 | 7.9 | 1 | form: plate, sheet and strip; temperature: not stated; temper: not stated | ATI |
| Ferrous | Stainless steel 316 | 8.03 | 7.87 to 8.07 | 2 | form: sheet, coil and bar (datasheet product standards AMS 5524, 5507, 5648); temper: not printed in this row; temperature: not printed | United Performance Metals |
| Non-ferrous | Magnesium alloy AZ31B | 1.8 | 1.8 | 1 | temperature: not stated | Goodfellow |
| Non-ferrous | Aluminium | 2.7 | 2.7 to 2.7 | 2 | purity: page covers 99.95% to above 99.996%; temperature: not stated | AlumiPlate |
| Non-ferrous | Aluminium alloy 6061 | 2.7 | 2.7 | 1 | temper: T6 and T651; temperature: room temperature (not stated) | ASM |
| Non-ferrous | Aluminium alloy 7075-T6 | 2.8 | 2.8 | 1 | temperature: 20 °C | Kaiser Aluminum |
| Non-ferrous | Titanium alloy Ti-6Al-4V (Grade 5) | 4.43 | 4.43 | 1 | condition: not stated; alloy density | Ti-6Al-4V (Grade 5) titanium |
| Non-ferrous | Zinc and zinc alloys | 6.76 | 6.3 to 7.2 | 5 | alloy: Zamak 5 (ZP5); condition: die-cast alloy, zero porosity; temperature: 21 °C | International Zinc Association |
| Non-ferrous | Tin | 7.26 | 5.77 to 7.31 | 4 | temperature: not stated in the record | PubChem |
| Non-ferrous | Aluminium bronze C95400 | 7.45 | 7.45 | 1 | grade: C95400 (standard continuous-cast sheet); temperature: 20 °C | Wieland Concast |
| Non-ferrous | Inconel 718 | 8.22 | 8.22 | 1 | basis: annealed and aged material (annealed alone is 0.296 lb/in3) | INCONEL alloy 718 datasheet |
| Non-ferrous | Free-cutting brass C36000 | 8.5 | 8.5 | 1 | grade: C36000 (Fisk MA36B); temper: not stated; one value printed for the alloy; temperature: not stated | Fisk Alloy |
| Non-ferrous | Copper | 8.9 | 8.9 to 8.96 | 2 | grade: C10200 (Cu-OF); temperature: not stated for density in the table (table header gives 20 °C for specific heat, thermal conductivity, modulus and expansion) | Aurubis |
| Non-ferrous | Nickel | 8.91 | 8.89 to 8.91 | 2 | material: elemental nickel metal; temperature: not stated | PubChem |
| Non-ferrous | Silver | 10.5 | 10.5 | 1 | material: bar, purity 99.95%; temperature: 20 degC | Goodfellow |
| Non-ferrous | Lead | 11.34 | 11.34 | 1 | form: elemental lead, grade and purity not stated | PubChem |
| Non-ferrous | Tungsten | 19.25 | 19.25 to 19.3 | 3 | basis: no temperature stated on the page | WebElements |
| Non-ferrous | Gold | 19.3 | 19.3 | 1 | state: solid; purity: not stated (element data) | Advent Research Materials |
| Ferrous | Carbon steel 1045 | Not found in any source we hold | ||||
| Ferrous | Ductile iron (nodular iron, SG iron) | Not found in any source we hold | ||||
Every density record behind this chart (53 records, including those left out)
| Profile | As printed | In g/cm3 | On chart | Conditions | Status | Source |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Carbon steel 1010 | 7.9 g/cm³ | 7.9 | plotted | processing: hot rolled; temperature: 23 °C | ground | MfgRobots |
| Carbon steel 1010 | 7.9 g/cm³ | 7.9 | counted | processing: cold drawn; temperature: 23 °C | ground | MfgRobots |
| Carbon steel 1018 | 7.87 g/cc | 7.87 | plotted | processing: cold drawn; temperature: not stated | ground | Elgin |
| Carbon steel 1018 | 7.67 to 7.86 kg/dm³ | 7.67 to 7.86 | counted | processing: not stated (form not given in the database entry); temperature: 0 to 30 °C | ground | Total Materia |
| Carbon steel 1018 | 7.9 g/cm³ | 7.9 | counted | processing: hot rolled; temperature: 23 °C | ground | MfgRobots |
| Carbon steel 1070 | 7.7 to 8.03 g/cm3 | 7.7 to 8.03 | counted | grade: AISI 1070; temperature: not stated | ground | AZoM |
| Carbon steel 1070 | 7850 kg/m3 | 7.85 | plotted | grade: SAE/AISI 1070; temperature: not stated | ground | Matmake |
| ASTM A36 structural carbon steel | 7.8 g/cm3 | 7.8 | plotted | form: not stated (general A36); temperature: not stated | ground | Wikipedia |
| Alloy steel AISI 4140 | 7.85 g/cc | 7.85 | plotted | basis: physical properties table; no temperature or heat treatment stated | ground | Elgin |
| Alloy steel AISI 4340 | 7.7 to 8.03 g/cm3 | 7.7 to 8.03 | plotted | temperature: 25 C | ground | eFunda |
| Gray cast iron | 7.2 g/cm³ | 7.2 | plotted | grade: EN-GJL-250; temperature: 20.0 °C | ground | MfgRobots |
| Stainless steel 304L | 7.9 g/cm3 | 7.9 | plotted | form: plate, sheet and strip; temperature: not stated; temper: not stated | ground | ATI |
| Stainless steel 316 | 8.027 g/cm3 | 8.03 | plotted | form: sheet, coil and bar (datasheet product standards AMS 5524, 5507, 5648); temper: not printed in this row; temperature: not printed | ground | United Performance Metals |
| Stainless steel 316 | 7.87 to 8.07 Mg/m3 | 7.87 to 8.07 | counted | form: not stated; temper: not stated; temperature: not stated | ground | AZoM |
| Duplex stainless steel 2205 | 7.82 g/cm3 | 7.82 | plotted | form: plate, sheet and strip (ASTM A240, UNS S32205); heat treatment: not printed on the page; temperature: not printed | ground | ATI |
| Duplex stainless steel 2205 | 7.8 g/cm3 | 7.8 | counted | form: seamless tube and pipe (SAF 2205 datasheet); heat treatment: not printed; temperature: not printed | ground | Alleima |
| Stainless steel 430 | 7.7 g/cm3 | 7.7 | counted | form: ATI 430 ferritic stainless steel sheet and strip (data sheet, typical); temper: not printed; temperature: not printed | ground | ATI |
| Stainless steel 430 | 7.74 g/cm3 | 7.74 | plotted | form: 430 stainless steel (Combined Metals data sheet, nominal); temper: not printed; temperature: 20 C (At 20oC column) | ground | Combined Metals |
| 17-4 PH stainless steel | 7.75 g/cm3 | 7.75 | counted | condition: Condition A (annealed); form: sheet, strip, plate and long products | ground | Jacquet Metal Service |
| 17-4 PH stainless steel | 7.81 g/cm3 | 7.81 | plotted | condition: H900; form: sheet, strip, plate and long products | ground | Jacquet Metal Service |
| 17-4 PH stainless steel | 7.86 g/cm3 | 7.86 | counted | condition: H1150; form: sheet, strip, plate and long products | ground | Jacquet Metal Service |
| AISI D2 cold-work tool steel | 7700 kg/m3 | 7.7 | counted | heat treatment: hardened and tempered to 62 HRC (the sheet's state for physical data); temperature: 20 C (68 F) | ground | Uddeholm |
| AISI D2 cold-work tool steel | 7600 kg/m3 | 7.6 | left out: test temperature 400 to 399 C, outside room temperature | heat treatment: hardened and tempered to 62 HRC (the sheet's state for physical data); temperature: 400 C (750 F) | ground | Uddeholm |
| AISI D2 cold-work tool steel | 7.72 to 8 kg/dm3 | 7.72 to 8 | counted | heat treatment: not shown in the free preview; temperature: not shown in the free preview (the page has four temperature bands) | ground | Total Materia |
| AISI D2 cold-work tool steel | 7.85 g/cm3 | 7.85 | plotted | heat treatment: not stated; ground flat stock | ground | Steel Service Krefeld |
| Aluminium | 2.7 g/cm3 | 2.7 | counted | form: metal, as listed for aluminium powder, aluminium molten and aluminium; temperature not stated | ground | PubChem |
| Aluminium | 2.698 g/cm3 | 2.7 | plotted | purity: page covers 99.95% to above 99.996%; temperature: not stated | ground | AlumiPlate |
| Aluminium alloy 6061 | 2.7 g/cm3 | 2.7 | plotted | temper: T6 and T651; temperature: room temperature (not stated) | ground | ASM |
| Aluminium alloy 7075-T6 | 2.8 Mg/m3 | 2.8 | plotted | temperature: 20 °C | ground | Kaiser Aluminum |
| Copper | 8.9 g/cm3 | 8.9 | plotted | grade: C10200 (Cu-OF); temperature: not stated for density in the table (table header gives 20 °C for specific heat, thermal conductivity, modulus and expansion) | ground | Aurubis |
| Copper | 8.96 g/cm3 | 8.96 | counted | temperature: 25 °C; form: copper, CAS 7440-50-8 | ground | PubChem |
| Free-cutting brass C36000 | 8.5 g/cm3 | 8.5 | plotted | grade: C36000 (Fisk MA36B); temper: not stated; one value printed for the alloy; temperature: not stated | ground | Fisk Alloy |
| Aluminium bronze C95400 | 7.45 g/cm3 | 7.45 | plotted | grade: C95400 (standard continuous-cast sheet); temperature: 20 °C | ground | Wieland Concast |
| Titanium alloy Ti-6Al-4V | 4.43 g/cm3 | 4.43 | plotted | condition: not stated; alloy density | ground | Ti-6Al-4V (Grade 5) titanium |
| Nickel | 8.89 g/cm3 | 8.89 | counted | grade: Nickel 200 (UNS N02200), 99.0 % min nickel plus cobalt; temperature: not stated | ground | Special Metals |
| Nickel | 8.908 g/cm3 | 8.91 | plotted | material: elemental nickel metal; temperature: not stated | ground | PubChem |
| Inconel 718 | 0.297 lb/in3 | 8.22 | plotted | basis: annealed and aged material (annealed alone is 0.296 lb/in3) | ground | INCONEL alloy 718 datasheet |
| Zinc and zinc alloys | 7.133 g/cm3 | 7.13 | counted | alloy: pure zinc (element); condition: form not stated in the PubChem record; temperature: 25 °C | ground | PubChem |
| Zinc and zinc alloys | 7.2 g/cm3 | 7.2 | counted | alloy: rolled titanium-zinc (NedZink; Zn 99.995 % base with small Cu, Ti and Al additions); condition: rolled sheet, manufacturer's physical property table | ground | NedZink titanium zinc |
| Zinc and zinc alloys | 6.6 g/cm3 | 6.6 | counted | alloy: Zamak 3 (ZP3); condition: die-cast alloy, zero porosity; temperature: 21 °C | ground | International Zinc Association |
| Zinc and zinc alloys | 6.76 g/cm3 | 6.76 | plotted | alloy: Zamak 5 (ZP5); condition: die-cast alloy, zero porosity; temperature: 21 °C | ground | International Zinc Association |
| Zinc and zinc alloys | 6.3 g/cm3 | 6.3 | counted | alloy: ZA-8 (ZP8); condition: die-cast alloy, zero porosity; temperature: 21 °C | ground | International Zinc Association |
| Magnesium alloy AZ31B | 1.8 g/cm3 | 1.8 | plotted | temperature: not stated | ground | Goodfellow |
| Lead | 11.34 g/cm3 | 11.34 | plotted | form: elemental lead, grade and purity not stated | ground | PubChem |
| Tin | 7310 kg/m3 | 7.31 | counted | form: solid, polycrystalline; temperature: not stated on the page | ground | WebElements |
| Tin | 7.265 g/cm3 | 7.26 | plotted | temperature: not stated in the record | ground | PubChem |
| Tin | 5.769 g/cm3 | 5.77 | counted | temperature: 25 °C | ground | PubChem |
| Tin | 7.28 g/cm3 | 7.28 | counted | temperature: 20 °C; form: pellets, Sn 99.995 % | ground | Goodfellow |
| Silver | 10.5 g/cm3 | 10.5 | plotted | material: bar, purity 99.95%; temperature: 20 degC | ground | Goodfellow |
| Gold | 19.3 g/cm3 | 19.3 | plotted | state: solid; purity: not stated (element data) | ground | Advent Research Materials |
| Tungsten | 19250 kg/m3 | 19.25 | plotted | basis: no temperature stated on the page | ground | WebElements |
| Tungsten | 19.25 g/cm3 | 19.25 | counted | basis: value quoted in running text, no temperature stated | ground | ITIA |
| Tungsten | 19.3 g/cm3 | 19.3 | counted | basis: PAC Chemical Database value at 25 degC as printed | ground | PubChem |
Melting point of ferrous and non-ferrous profiles, °C
Ferrous median 1,419 °C (6 profiles, 1,410 to 1,503); non-ferrous median 962 °C (15 profiles, 232 to 3,422, from Tin to Tungsten). The lanes overlap from 1,410 to 1,503 °C, and 1 of 15 non-ferrous profile sits inside the ferrous range.
Hover or focus a dot to read its value, conditions and source. Circles are ferrous profiles, diamonds are non-ferrous; a thin line behind a dot runs from the lowest to the highest record of that profile.
| Lane | Profile | Value plotted, °C | Lowest to highest, °C | Records | Conditions of the plotted record | Source |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Ferrous | Stainless steel 304L | 1,399 to 1,421 (midpoint plotted) | 1,399 to 1,421 | 1 | temperature: not applicable | ATI |
| Ferrous | Duplex stainless steel 2205 | 1,385 to 1,441 (midpoint plotted) | 1,385 to 1,441 | 1 | form: not stated; heat treatment: not stated; temperature: melting range | Rolled Alloys |
| Ferrous | Stainless steel 316 | 1,390 to 1,440 (midpoint plotted) | 1,375 to 1,440 | 2 | form: not stated; temper: not stated; temperature: melting range | United Performance Metals |
| Ferrous | 17-4 PH stainless steel | 1,404 to 1,440 (midpoint plotted) | 1,404 to 1,440 | 1 | basis: melting range as printed, no solidus or liquidus split; unit in source: 2560-2625 F (1404-1440 C) | United Performance Metals |
| Ferrous | Stainless steel 430 | 1,425 to 1,510 (midpoint plotted) | 1,425 to 1,510 | 1 | form: ATI 430 sheet and strip (data sheet, typical); temper: not printed; temperature: melting range | ATI |
| Ferrous | Carbon steel 1018 | 1,480 to 1,526 (midpoint plotted) | 1,480 to 1,526 | 1 | processing: hot rolled | MfgRobots |
| Non-ferrous | Tin | 232 | 232 | 1 | form: pure tin; pressure: not stated | PubChem |
| Non-ferrous | Lead | 328 | 328 | 1 | form: elemental lead; pressure: not stated | PubChem |
| Non-ferrous | Zinc and zinc alloys | 375 to 404 (midpoint plotted) | 375 to 420 | 5 | alloy: ZA-8 (ZP8); condition: die-cast alloy | International Zinc Association |
| Non-ferrous | Aluminium alloy 7075-T6 | 532 to 635 (midpoint plotted) | 532 to 635 | 1 | product form: tube and pipe alloy | Kaiser Aluminum |
| Non-ferrous | Magnesium alloy AZ31B | 605 to 630 (midpoint plotted) | 605 to 630 | 1 | basis: range as printed on the listing | Goodfellow |
| Non-ferrous | Aluminium | 660 | 660 | 1 | form: metal | PubChem |
| Non-ferrous | Free-cutting brass C36000 | 954 | 954 to 1,049 | 2 | grade: C36000 (Fisk MA36B); pressure: not stated | Fisk Alloy |
| Non-ferrous | Silver | 962 | 962 | 1 | material: bar, purity 99.95% | Goodfellow |
| Non-ferrous | Aluminium bronze C95400 | 1,027 | 1,027 to 1,038 | 2 | grade: C95400; pressure: not stated | Wieland Concast |
| Non-ferrous | Gold | 1,065 | 1,065 | 1 | pressure: not stated; purity: not stated | PubChem |
| Non-ferrous | Copper | 1,083 | 1,083 to 1,085 | 2 | grade: C10200 (Cu-OF); pressure: not stated | Aurubis |
| Non-ferrous | Inconel 718 | 1,260 to 1,336 (midpoint plotted) | 1,260 to 1,336 | 1 | basis: melting range as printed in Table 2 (2300 to 2437 F) | INCONEL alloy 718 datasheet |
| Non-ferrous | Nickel | 1,455 | 1,455 | 1 | material: elemental nickel; pressure: not stated | PubChem |
| Non-ferrous | Titanium alloy Ti-6Al-4V (Grade 5) | 1,604 to 1,660 (midpoint plotted) | 1,604 to 1,660 | 1 | basis: melting range printed as a range | Ti-6Al-4V (Grade 5) titanium |
| Non-ferrous | Tungsten | 3,422 | 3,422 to 3,422 | 2 | basis: ITIA gives 3,422 +/- 15 degC; the value here is the central figure | ITIA |
| Ferrous | Carbon steel 1010 | Not found in any source we hold | ||||
| Ferrous | Carbon steel 1045 | Not found in any source we hold | ||||
| Ferrous | Carbon steel 1070 | Not found in any source we hold | ||||
| Ferrous | ASTM A36 structural carbon steel | Not found in any source we hold | ||||
| Ferrous | Alloy steel AISI 4140 (chromium-molybdenum) | Not found in any source we hold | ||||
| Ferrous | Alloy steel AISI 4340 (nickel-chromium-molybdenum) | Not found in any source we hold | ||||
| Ferrous | Gray cast iron (flake graphite iron) | Not found in any source we hold | ||||
| Ferrous | Ductile iron (nodular iron, SG iron) | Not found in any source we hold | ||||
| Ferrous | AISI D2 cold-work tool steel (EN 1.2379, X153CrMoV12) | Not found in any source we hold | ||||
| Non-ferrous | Aluminium alloy 6061 | Not found in any source we hold | ||||
Every melting point record behind this chart (30 records, including those left out)
| Profile | As printed | In °C | On chart | Conditions | Status | Source |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Carbon steel 1018 | 1480 to 1526 °C | 1,480 to 1,526 | plotted | processing: hot rolled | ground | MfgRobots |
| Stainless steel 304L | 1399 to 1421 °C | 1,399 to 1,421 | plotted | temperature: not applicable | ground | ATI |
| Stainless steel 316 | 1390 to 1440 °C | 1,390 to 1,440 | plotted | form: not stated; temper: not stated; temperature: melting range | ground | United Performance Metals |
| Stainless steel 316 | 1648 to 1673 K | 1,375 to 1,400 | counted | form: not stated; temper: not stated; temperature: melting range | ground | AZoM |
| Duplex stainless steel 2205 | 2525 to 2625 °F | 1,385 to 1,441 | plotted | form: not stated; heat treatment: not stated; temperature: melting range | ground | Rolled Alloys |
| Stainless steel 430 | 1425 to 1510 °C | 1,425 to 1,510 | plotted | form: ATI 430 sheet and strip (data sheet, typical); temper: not printed; temperature: melting range | ground | ATI |
| 17-4 PH stainless steel | 1404 to 1440 °C | 1,404 to 1,440 | plotted | basis: melting range as printed, no solidus or liquidus split; unit in source: 2560-2625 F (1404-1440 C) | ground | United Performance Metals |
| Aluminium | 660 °C | 660 | plotted | form: metal | ground | PubChem |
| Aluminium alloy 7075-T6 | 532 to 635 °C | 532 to 635 | plotted | product form: tube and pipe alloy | ground | Kaiser Aluminum |
| Copper | 1083 °C | 1,083 | plotted | grade: C10200 (Cu-OF); pressure: not stated | ground | Aurubis |
| Copper | 1084.62 °C | 1,085 | counted | form: copper, CAS 7440-50-8; pressure: not stated | ground | PubChem |
| Free-cutting brass C36000 | 954 °C | 954 | plotted | grade: C36000 (Fisk MA36B); pressure: not stated | ground | Fisk Alloy |
| Free-cutting brass C36000 | 1049 °C | 1,049 | counted | grade: C36000 (Fisk MA36B); pressure: not stated | ground | Fisk Alloy |
| Aluminium bronze C95400 | 1027 °C | 1,027 | plotted | grade: C95400; pressure: not stated | ground | Wieland Concast |
| Aluminium bronze C95400 | 1038 °C | 1,038 | counted | grade: C95400; pressure: not stated | ground | Wieland Concast |
| Titanium alloy Ti-6Al-4V | 1604 to 1660 degC | 1,604 to 1,660 | plotted | basis: melting range printed as a range | ground | Ti-6Al-4V (Grade 5) titanium |
| Nickel | 1455 °C | 1,455 | plotted | material: elemental nickel; pressure: not stated | ground | PubChem |
| Inconel 718 | 1260 to 1336 °C | 1,260 to 1,336 | plotted | basis: melting range as printed in Table 2 (2300 to 2437 F) | ground | INCONEL alloy 718 datasheet |
| Zinc and zinc alloys | 419.53 °C | 420 | counted | alloy: pure zinc (element); condition: form not stated in the PubChem record | ground | PubChem |
| Zinc and zinc alloys | 420 °C | 420 | counted | alloy: rolled titanium-zinc (NedZink; Zn 99.995 % base with small Cu, Ti and Al additions); condition: rolled sheet, manufacturer's physical property table | ground | NedZink titanium zinc |
| Zinc and zinc alloys | 381 to 387 °C | 381 to 387 | counted | alloy: Zamak 3 (ZP3); condition: die-cast alloy | ground | International Zinc Association |
| Zinc and zinc alloys | 380 to 386 °C | 380 to 386 | counted | alloy: Zamak 5 (ZP5); condition: die-cast alloy | ground | International Zinc Association |
| Zinc and zinc alloys | 375 to 404 °C | 375 to 404 | plotted | alloy: ZA-8 (ZP8); condition: die-cast alloy | ground | International Zinc Association |
| Magnesium alloy AZ31B | 605 to 630 °C | 605 to 630 | plotted | basis: range as printed on the listing | ground | Goodfellow |
| Lead | 327.5 degC | 328 | plotted | form: elemental lead; pressure: not stated | ground | PubChem |
| Tin | 231.9 °C | 232 | plotted | form: pure tin; pressure: not stated | ground | PubChem |
| Silver | 961.9 degC | 962 | plotted | material: bar, purity 99.95% | ground | Goodfellow |
| Gold | 1064.76 degC | 1,065 | plotted | pressure: not stated; purity: not stated | ground | PubChem |
| Tungsten | 3695 K | 3,422 | counted | basis: printed as 3695 K [3422 degC (6192 degF)] | ground | WebElements |
| Tungsten | 3422 degC | 3,422 | plotted | basis: ITIA gives 3,422 +/- 15 degC; the value here is the central figure | ground | ITIA |
Thermal conductivity of ferrous and non-ferrous profiles, W/(m·K)
Ferrous median 33.2 W/(m·K) (10 profiles, 14 to 64.2); non-ferrous median 116 W/(m·K) (15 profiles, 6.7 to 429, from Titanium alloy Ti-6Al-4V to Silver). The lanes overlap from 14 to 64.2 W/(m·K), and 2 of 15 non-ferrous profiles sit inside the ferrous range.
Hover or focus a dot to read its value, conditions and source. Circles are ferrous profiles, diamonds are non-ferrous; a thin line behind a dot runs from the lowest to the highest record of that profile.
| Lane | Profile | Value plotted, W/(m·K) | Lowest to highest, W/(m·K) | Records | Conditions of the plotted record | Source |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Ferrous | Duplex stainless steel 2205 | 14 | 14 to 15 | 2 | form: seamless tube and pipe (SAF 2205 datasheet); heat treatment: not printed; temperature: 20 C | Alleima |
| Ferrous | Stainless steel 316 | 13 to 17 (midpoint plotted) | 13 to 17 | 2 | form: not stated; temper: not stated; temperature: not stated | AZoM |
| Ferrous | Stainless steel 304L | 16.3 | 16.3 | 1 | temperature: 100 C (212 F) | ATI |
| Ferrous | AISI D2 cold-work tool steel (EN 1.2379, X153CrMoV12) | 20 | 20 | 1 | heat treatment: hardened and tempered to 62 HRC (the sheet's state for physical data); temperature: 20 C (68 F) | Uddeholm |
| Ferrous | Stainless steel 430 | 23.9 | 23.9 | 1 | form: ATI 430 sheet (data sheet, typical); temper: not printed; temperature: 20 to 100 C | ATI |
| Ferrous | Alloy steel AISI 4140 (chromium-molybdenum) | 42.6 | 42.6 | 1 | temperature: 100 C (212 F) | Elgin |
| Ferrous | Carbon steel 1070 | 50 | 50 | 1 | temperature: not stated | Matmake |
| Ferrous | Gray cast iron (flake graphite iron) | 50 | 50 | 1 | grade: EN-GJL-250; temperature: 20.0 °C | MfgRobots |
| Ferrous | Carbon steel 1018 | 25 to 93 (midpoint plotted) | 25 to 93 | 2 | processing: hot rolled; temperature: 23 °C | MfgRobots |
| Ferrous | Carbon steel 1010 | 64.2 | 64.2 | 1 | processing: form not stated; temperature: 0 to 30 °C | Total Materia |
| Non-ferrous | Titanium alloy Ti-6Al-4V (Grade 5) | 6.7 | 6.7 | 1 | temperature: 20 degC | Ti-6Al-4V (Grade 5) titanium |
| Non-ferrous | Inconel 718 | 11.4 | 11.4 to 21.3 | 2 | basis: annealed and aged, at 70 F | INCONEL alloy 718 datasheet |
| Non-ferrous | Lead | 35 | 35 | 1 | form: elemental lead; temperature: not stated on the page | WebElements |
| Non-ferrous | Aluminium bronze C95400 | 58.7 | 58.7 | 1 | grade: C95400; temperature: 20 °C | Aviva Metals |
| Non-ferrous | Tin | 66.6 | 66.6 to 66.8 | 2 | form: polycrystalline; temperature: not stated on the page | WebElements |
| Non-ferrous | Nickel | 70.3 | 70.3 | 1 | temperature: 20 °C; grade: Nickel 200 | Special Metals |
| Non-ferrous | Magnesium alloy AZ31B | 96 | 96 | 1 | temperature: not stated | Goodfellow |
| Non-ferrous | Free-cutting brass C36000 | 116 | 116 | 1 | grade: C36000 (Fisk MA36B); temperature: 20 °C; temper: not stated; one value printed for the alloy | Fisk Alloy |
| Non-ferrous | Aluminium alloy 7075-T6 | 130 | 130 | 1 | temperature: 20 °C; temper: T6; product form: tube and pipe alloy | Kaiser Aluminum |
| Non-ferrous | Aluminium alloy 6061 | 167 | 167 | 1 | temperature: 77 °F; temper: T6 and T651 | ASM |
| Non-ferrous | Tungsten | 174 | 174 | 1 | basis: no temperature stated on the page | WebElements |
| Non-ferrous | Aluminium | 220 | 211.8 to 247 | 3 | alloy: 1100-O; temper: O, annealed; temperature: not stated | MakeItFrom.com |
| Non-ferrous | Gold | 320 | 320 | 1 | temperature: not stated; purity: not stated (element data) | Advent Research Materials |
| Non-ferrous | Copper | 391 | 391 | 1 | grade: C10200 (Cu-OF); temperature: 20 °C | Aurubis |
| Non-ferrous | Silver | 429 | 429 | 1 | material: bar, purity 99.95%; temperature: 0 to 100 degC | Goodfellow |
| Ferrous | Carbon steel 1045 | Not found in any source we hold | ||||
| Ferrous | ASTM A36 structural carbon steel | Not found in any source we hold | ||||
| Ferrous | Alloy steel AISI 4340 (nickel-chromium-molybdenum) | Not found in any source we hold | ||||
| Ferrous | Ductile iron (nodular iron, SG iron) | Not found in any source we hold | ||||
| Ferrous | 17-4 PH stainless steel | Not found in any source we hold | ||||
| Non-ferrous | Zinc and zinc alloys | Not found in any source we hold | ||||
Every thermal conductivity record behind this chart (44 records, including those left out)
| Profile | As printed | In W/(m·K) | On chart | Conditions | Status | Source |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Carbon steel 1010 | 64.21 W/(m∙°C) | 64.2 | plotted | processing: form not stated; temperature: 0 to 30 °C | ground | Total Materia |
| Carbon steel 1018 | 51.9 W/m-K | 51.9 | counted | processing: cold drawn; temperature: not stated | ground | Elgin |
| Carbon steel 1018 | 25 to 93 W/(m·K) | 25 to 93 | plotted | processing: hot rolled; temperature: 23 °C | ground | MfgRobots |
| Carbon steel 1070 | 50 W/(m·K) | 50 | plotted | temperature: not stated | ground | Matmake |
| Alloy steel AISI 4140 | 42.6 W/mK | 42.6 | plotted | temperature: 100 C (212 F) | ground | Elgin |
| Gray cast iron | 50 W/(m·K) | 50 | plotted | grade: EN-GJL-250; temperature: 20.0 °C | ground | MfgRobots |
| Stainless steel 304L | 16.3 W/m·K | 16.3 | plotted | temperature: 100 C (212 F) | ground | ATI |
| Stainless steel 304L | 21.4 W/m·K | 21.4 | left out: test temperature 500 to 500 C, outside room temperature | temperature: 500 C (932 F) | ground | ATI |
| Stainless steel 316 | 14.6 W/m.K | 14.6 | counted | form: sheet, coil and bar (datasheet product standards AMS 5524, 5507, 5648); temper: not printed in this row; temperature: 20 to 100 C | ground | United Performance Metals |
| Stainless steel 316 | 13 to 17 W/m.K | 13 to 17 | plotted | form: not stated; temper: not stated; temperature: not stated | ground | AZoM |
| Duplex stainless steel 2205 | 14 W/(m °C) | 14 | plotted | form: seamless tube and pipe (SAF 2205 datasheet); heat treatment: not printed; temperature: 20 C | ground | Alleima |
| Duplex stainless steel 2205 | 15 W/m.K | 15 | counted | form: not stated; heat treatment: not stated; temperature: 20 C | ground | Langley Alloys |
| Stainless steel 430 | 23.86 W/m.K | 23.9 | plotted | form: ATI 430 sheet (data sheet, typical); temper: not printed; temperature: 20 to 100 C | ground | ATI |
| Stainless steel 430 | 25.96 W/m.K | 26 | left out: test temperature 500 C, outside room temperature | form: ATI 430 sheet (data sheet, typical); temper: not printed; temperature: 20 to 500 C | ground | ATI |
| 17-4 PH stainless steel | 17.9 W/m.K | 17.9 | left out: test temperature 149 to 149 C, outside room temperature | condition: H900; temperature: 149 C (300 F) | ground | Carpenter Technology |
| 17-4 PH stainless steel | 22.6 W/m.K | 22.6 | left out: test temperature 482 to 482 C, outside room temperature | condition: H900; temperature: 482 C (900 F) | ground | Carpenter Technology |
| AISI D2 cold-work tool steel | 20 W/mK | 20 | plotted | heat treatment: hardened and tempered to 62 HRC (the sheet's state for physical data); temperature: 20 C (68 F) | ground | Uddeholm |
| AISI D2 cold-work tool steel | 21 W/mK | 21 | left out: test temperature 200 to 199 C, outside room temperature | heat treatment: hardened and tempered to 62 HRC (the sheet's state for physical data); temperature: 200 C (390 F) | ground | Uddeholm |
| AISI D2 cold-work tool steel | 23 W/mK | 23 | left out: test temperature 400 to 399 C, outside room temperature | heat treatment: hardened and tempered to 62 HRC (the sheet's state for physical data); temperature: 400 C (750 F) | ground | Uddeholm |
| Aluminium | 247 W/(m·K) | 247 | counted | temperature: 25 °C; purity: 99.95% to above 99.996% grades | calculated | AlumiPlate |
| Aluminium | 220 W/(m·K) | 220 | plotted | alloy: 1100-O; temper: O, annealed; temperature: not stated | ground | MakeItFrom.com |
| Aluminium | 211.8 W/(m·K) | 211.8 | counted | temperature: 293 K; alloy: 1100 (UNS A91100) | calculated | Material Properties |
| Aluminium | 290.2 W/(m·K) | 290.2 | left out: test temperature -196 C, outside room temperature | temperature: 77 K; alloy: 1100 (UNS A91100) | calculated | Material Properties |
| Aluminium alloy 6061 | 167 W/(m·K) | 167 | plotted | temperature: 77 °F; temper: T6 and T651 | ground | ASM |
| Aluminium alloy 6061 | 83.5 W/(m·K) | 83.5 | left out: test temperature -196 C, outside room temperature | temperature: 77 K; temper: T6 | calculated | Material Properties |
| Aluminium alloy 7075-T6 | 130 W/m·K | 130 | plotted | temperature: 20 °C; temper: T6; product form: tube and pipe alloy | ground | Kaiser Aluminum |
| Copper | 391 W/(m·K) | 391 | plotted | grade: C10200 (Cu-OF); temperature: 20 °C | ground | Aurubis |
| Copper | 547 W/(m·K) | 547 | left out: test temperature -196 C, outside room temperature | temperature: 77 K; grade: OFHC copper UNS C10100/C10200, fit for residual resistivity ratio (RRR) 100 | calculated | Material Properties |
| Free-cutting brass C36000 | 116 W/(m·K) | 116 | plotted | grade: C36000 (Fisk MA36B); temperature: 20 °C; temper: not stated; one value printed for the alloy | ground | Fisk Alloy |
| Aluminium bronze C95400 | 58.7 W/(m·K) | 58.7 | plotted | grade: C95400; temperature: 20 °C | ground | Aviva Metals |
| Titanium alloy Ti-6Al-4V | 6.7 W/(m K) | 6.7 | plotted | temperature: 20 degC | ground | Ti-6Al-4V (Grade 5) titanium |
| Nickel | 70.3 W/(m·K) | 70.3 | plotted | temperature: 20 °C; grade: Nickel 200 | ground | Special Metals |
| Inconel 718 | 79 BTU·in/ft²·h·°F | 11.4 | plotted | basis: annealed and aged, at 70 F | ground | INCONEL alloy 718 datasheet |
| Inconel 718 | 148 BTU·in/ft²·h·°F | 21.3 | counted | basis: annealed and aged, at 1200 F | ground | INCONEL alloy 718 datasheet |
| Zinc and zinc alloys | 113 W/(m·K) | 113 | left out: test temperature 140 C, outside room temperature | alloy: Zamak 3 (ZP3); condition: die-cast alloy; temperature: 70 to 140 °C | ground | International Zinc Association |
| Zinc and zinc alloys | 108.9 W/(m·K) | 108.9 | left out: test temperature 140 C, outside room temperature | alloy: Zamak 5 (ZP5); condition: die-cast alloy; temperature: 70 to 140 °C | ground | International Zinc Association |
| Zinc and zinc alloys | 114.7 W/(m·K) | 114.7 | left out: test temperature 140 C, outside room temperature | alloy: ZA-8 (ZP8); condition: die-cast alloy; temperature: 70 to 140 °C | ground | International Zinc Association |
| Magnesium alloy AZ31B | 96 W/(m·K) | 96 | plotted | temperature: not stated | ground | Goodfellow |
| Lead | 35 W/(m.K) | 35 | plotted | form: elemental lead; temperature: not stated on the page | ground | WebElements |
| Tin | 66.8 W/(m·K) | 66.8 | counted | temperature: 0 to 100 °C; form: pellets, Sn 99.995 % | ground | Goodfellow |
| Tin | 66.6 W/(m·K) | 66.6 | plotted | form: polycrystalline; temperature: not stated on the page | ground | WebElements |
| Silver | 429 W/(m K) | 429 | plotted | material: bar, purity 99.95%; temperature: 0 to 100 degC | ground | Goodfellow |
| Gold | 320 W/(m K) | 320 | plotted | temperature: not stated; purity: not stated (element data) | ground | Advent Research Materials |
| Tungsten | 174 W m-1 K-1 | 174 | plotted | basis: no temperature stated on the page | ground | WebElements |
Electrical resistivity of ferrous and non-ferrous profiles, µΩ·cm
Ferrous median 72 µΩ·cm (7 profiles, 14.2 to 98); non-ferrous median 6.02 µΩ·cm (12 profiles, 1.63 to 121, from Silver to Inconel 718). The lanes overlap from 14.2 to 98 µΩ·cm, and 1 of 12 non-ferrous profile sits inside the ferrous range.
Hover or focus a dot to read its value, conditions and source. Circles are ferrous profiles, diamonds are non-ferrous; a thin line behind a dot runs from the lowest to the highest record of that profile.
| Lane | Profile | Value plotted, µΩ·cm | Lowest to highest, µΩ·cm | Records | Conditions of the plotted record | Source |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Ferrous | ASTM A36 structural carbon steel | 14.2 | 14.2 | 1 | form: not stated (general A36); temperature: 68 °F (20 °C) | Wikipedia |
| Ferrous | Carbon steel 1018 | 15.9 | 15.9 | 1 | processing: annealed; temperature: 0 °C | Elgin |
| Ferrous | Stainless steel 430 | 60 | 60 | 1 | form: ATI 430 sheet (data sheet, typical); temper: not printed; temperature: 20 C | ATI |
| Ferrous | Stainless steel 304L | 72 | 72 | 1 | temperature: 20 C (68 F) | ATI |
| Ferrous | Duplex stainless steel 2205 | 74 | 74 to 85 | 2 | form: seamless tube and pipe (SAF 2205 datasheet); heat treatment: not printed; temperature: 20 C | Alleima |
| Ferrous | Stainless steel 316 | 69 to 81 (midpoint plotted) | 69 to 81 | 1 | form: not stated; temper: not stated; temperature: not stated | AZoM |
| Ferrous | 17-4 PH stainless steel | 98 | 77 to 98 | 2 | condition: Condition A (annealed); temperature: room temperature | Jacquet Metal Service |
| Non-ferrous | Silver | 1.63 | 1.63 | 1 | material: bar, purity 99.95%; temperature: 20 degC | Goodfellow |
| Non-ferrous | Gold | 2.2 | 2.2 | 1 | temperature: not stated; purity: not stated (element data) | Advent Research Materials |
| Non-ferrous | Aluminium | 2.65 | 2.65 | 1 | temperature: 20 °C; purity: 99.95% to above 99.996% grades | AlumiPlate |
| Non-ferrous | Aluminium alloy 6061 | 4 | 4 | 1 | temperature: 20 °C; temper: T6 | NASA |
| Non-ferrous | Aluminium alloy 7075-T6 | 5.2 | 5.2 | 1 | temperature: 20 °C; temper: T6; product form: not stated in the tabular abstract | NASA |
| Non-ferrous | Tungsten | 5.4 | 5.4 | 1 | basis: no temperature stated on the page | WebElements |
| Non-ferrous | Free-cutting brass C36000 | 6.63 | 6.63 | 1 | grade: C36000 (Fisk MA36B); temper: annealed (O60); temperature: 20 °C | Fisk Alloy |
| Non-ferrous | Nickel | 9.6 | 9.6 | 1 | temperature: 20 °C; grade: Nickel 200 | Special Metals |
| Non-ferrous | Tin | 12.6 | 12.6 | 1 | temperature: 20 °C; form: pellets, Sn 99.995 % | Goodfellow |
| Non-ferrous | Aluminium bronze C95400 | 13.3 | 13.3 | 1 | grade: C95400; temperature: 20 °C | Aviva Metals |
| Non-ferrous | Lead | 21 | 21 | 1 | form: elemental lead; temperature: not stated on the page | WebElements |
| Non-ferrous | Inconel 718 | 121 | 121 | 1 | basis: annealed and aged, at 70 F | INCONEL alloy 718 datasheet |
| Ferrous | Carbon steel 1010 | Not found in any source we hold | ||||
| Ferrous | Carbon steel 1045 | Not found in any source we hold | ||||
| Ferrous | Carbon steel 1070 | Not found in any source we hold | ||||
| Ferrous | Alloy steel AISI 4140 (chromium-molybdenum) | Not found in any source we hold | ||||
| Ferrous | Alloy steel AISI 4340 (nickel-chromium-molybdenum) | Not found in any source we hold | ||||
| Ferrous | Gray cast iron (flake graphite iron) | Not found in any source we hold | ||||
| Ferrous | Ductile iron (nodular iron, SG iron) | Not found in any source we hold | ||||
| Ferrous | AISI D2 cold-work tool steel (EN 1.2379, X153CrMoV12) | Not found in any source we hold | ||||
| Non-ferrous | Copper | Not found in any source we hold | ||||
| Non-ferrous | Titanium alloy Ti-6Al-4V (Grade 5) | Not found in any source we hold | ||||
| Non-ferrous | Zinc and zinc alloys | Not found in any source we hold | ||||
| Non-ferrous | Magnesium alloy AZ31B | Not found in any source we hold | ||||
Every electrical resistivity record behind this chart (21 records, including those left out)
| Profile | As printed | In µΩ·cm | On chart | Conditions | Status | Source |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Carbon steel 1018 | 0.0000159 ohm-cm | 15.9 | plotted | processing: annealed; temperature: 0 °C | ground | Elgin |
| ASTM A36 structural carbon steel | 0.142 μΩ·m | 14.2 | plotted | form: not stated (general A36); temperature: 68 °F (20 °C) | ground | Wikipedia |
| Stainless steel 304L | 72 microhm-cm | 72 | plotted | temperature: 20 C (68 F) | ground | ATI |
| Stainless steel 316 | 69 to 81 10-8 ohm.m | 69 to 81 | plotted | form: not stated; temper: not stated; temperature: not stated | ground | AZoM |
| Duplex stainless steel 2205 | 0.74 10-6 ohm.m | 74 | plotted | form: seamless tube and pipe (SAF 2205 datasheet); heat treatment: not printed; temperature: 20 C | ground | Alleima |
| Duplex stainless steel 2205 | 0.85 10-6 ohm.m | 85 | counted | form: not stated; heat treatment: not stated; temperature: 20 C | ground | Langley Alloys |
| Stainless steel 430 | 60 micro-ohm-cm | 60 | plotted | form: ATI 430 sheet (data sheet, typical); temper: not printed; temperature: 20 C | ground | ATI |
| 17-4 PH stainless steel | 98 microhm-cm | 98 | plotted | condition: Condition A (annealed); temperature: room temperature | ground | Jacquet Metal Service |
| 17-4 PH stainless steel | 77 microhm-cm | 77 | counted | condition: H900; temperature: room temperature | ground | Jacquet Metal Service |
| Aluminium | 2.6458 µΩ·cm | 2.65 | plotted | temperature: 20 °C; purity: 99.95% to above 99.996% grades | ground | AlumiPlate |
| Aluminium alloy 6061 | 4 µΩ·cm | 4 | plotted | temperature: 20 °C; temper: T6 | ground | NASA |
| Aluminium alloy 7075-T6 | 5.2 µΩ·cm | 5.2 | plotted | temperature: 20 °C; temper: T6; product form: not stated in the tabular abstract | ground | NASA |
| Free-cutting brass C36000 | 6.63 µΩ·cm | 6.63 | plotted | grade: C36000 (Fisk MA36B); temper: annealed (O60); temperature: 20 °C | ground | Fisk Alloy |
| Aluminium bronze C95400 | 13.33 µΩ·cm | 13.3 | plotted | grade: C95400; temperature: 20 °C | ground | Aviva Metals |
| Nickel | 0.096 µΩ·m | 9.6 | plotted | temperature: 20 °C; grade: Nickel 200 | ground | Special Metals |
| Inconel 718 | 725 ohm circ mil/ft | 121 | plotted | basis: annealed and aged, at 70 F | ground | INCONEL alloy 718 datasheet |
| Lead | 2.1e-7 ohm.m | 21 | plotted | form: elemental lead; temperature: not stated on the page | ground | WebElements |
| Tin | 12.6 µΩ·cm | 12.6 | plotted | temperature: 20 °C; form: pellets, Sn 99.995 % | ground | Goodfellow |
| Silver | 1.63 microohm cm | 1.63 | plotted | material: bar, purity 99.95%; temperature: 20 degC | ground | Goodfellow |
| Gold | 2.2e-8 ohm m | 2.2 | plotted | temperature: not stated; purity: not stated (element data) | ground | Advent Research Materials |
| Tungsten | 5.4e-8 ohm m | 5.4 | plotted | basis: no temperature stated on the page | ground | WebElements |
Elastic modulus of ferrous and non-ferrous profiles, GPa
Ferrous median 200 GPa (15 profiles, 111 to 210); non-ferrous median 78 GPa (13 profiles, 16 to 411, from Lead to Tungsten). The lanes overlap from 111 to 210 GPa, and 4 of 13 non-ferrous profiles sit inside the ferrous range.
Hover or focus a dot to read its value, conditions and source. Circles are ferrous profiles, diamonds are non-ferrous; a thin line behind a dot runs from the lowest to the highest record of that profile.
| Lane | Profile | Value plotted, GPa | Lowest to highest, GPa | Records | Conditions of the plotted record | Source |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Ferrous | Gray cast iron (flake graphite iron) | 103 to 118 (midpoint plotted) | 69 to 145 | 6 | grade: EN-GJL-250; temperature: 20.0 °C | MfgRobots |
| Ferrous | Ductile iron (nodular iron, SG iron) | 169 | 169 | 1 | grade: EN-GJS-400-15; heat treatment: not stated on the page; temperature: not stated beside the value; the page's first temperature column is 0 to 30 °C | Total Materia |
| Ferrous | 17-4 PH stainless steel | 196 | 196 to 201 | 2 | condition: all conditions printed (Condition A, H900, H1075, H1150) | Jacquet Metal Service |
| Ferrous | Carbon steel 1018 | 200 | 190 to 210 | 3 | processing: cold drawn; temperature: not stated | Elgin |
| Ferrous | Carbon steel 1045 | 190 to 210 (midpoint plotted) | 190 to 210 | 1 | processing: not stated; temperature: not stated on the extracted page | Total Materia |
| Ferrous | Carbon steel 1070 | 190 to 210 (midpoint plotted) | 190 to 210 | 1 | form: cold drawn; temperature: not stated | AZoM |
| Ferrous | ASTM A36 structural carbon steel | 200 | 200 | 1 | form: not stated (general A36); temperature: not stated | Wikipedia |
| Ferrous | Alloy steel AISI 4340 (nickel-chromium-molybdenum) | 190 to 210 (midpoint plotted) | 190 to 210 | 1 | temperature: 25 C | eFunda |
| Ferrous | Stainless steel 304L | 200 | 200 | 1 | temperature: not stated | ATI |
| Ferrous | Stainless steel 316 | 200 | 190 to 205 | 2 | form: sheet, coil and bar (datasheet product standards AMS 5524, 5507, 5648); temper: not printed in this row; temperature: not printed | United Performance Metals |
| Ferrous | Duplex stainless steel 2205 | 200 | 190 to 200 | 2 | form: seamless tube and pipe (SAF 2205 datasheet); heat treatment: not printed; temperature: 20 C | Alleima |
| Ferrous | Stainless steel 430 | 200 | 200 | 1 | form: 430 bar up to 100 mm (EN 10088-3:2005 typical); temper: not printed; temperature: not printed | Aalco |
| Ferrous | Alloy steel AISI 4140 (chromium-molybdenum) | 205 | 205 | 1 | basis: datasheet comment Typical for steel; no temperature or heat treatment stated | Elgin |
| Ferrous | Carbon steel 1010 | 210 | 190 to 210 | 3 | processing: hot rolled; temperature: 23 °C | MfgRobots |
| Ferrous | AISI D2 cold-work tool steel (EN 1.2379, X153CrMoV12) | 210 | 190 to 210 | 2 | heat treatment: hardened and tempered to 62 HRC (the sheet's state for physical data); temperature: 20 C (68 F) | Uddeholm |
| Non-ferrous | Lead | 16 | 16 | 1 | form: elemental lead, temperature, purity and test method not stated | WebElements |
| Non-ferrous | Magnesium alloy AZ31B | 45 | 45 | 1 | temper: As Rolled (printed on the listing); product form: foil, film and sheet listing (a 0.25 mm disc is also listed); temperature: not stated | Goodfellow |
| Non-ferrous | Tin | 50 | 50 to 50 | 2 | form: polycrystalline; temperature: not stated on the page | WebElements |
| Non-ferrous | Aluminium alloy 6061 | 69 | 69 | 1 | temper: T6 and T651 | ASM |
| Non-ferrous | Aluminium | 69 | 69 | 1 | alloy: 1100-O; temper: O, annealed; temperature: not stated | MakeItFrom.com |
| Non-ferrous | Aluminium alloy 7075-T6 | 71 | 71 to 72 | 2 | temper: T6; product form: tube and pipe | Kaiser Aluminum |
| Non-ferrous | Gold | 78 | 78 | 1 | form: not stated (element data); temperature: not stated | Advent Research Materials |
| Non-ferrous | Aluminium bronze C95400 | 107 | 107 | 1 | grade: C95400; temperature: not stated | Wieland Concast |
| Non-ferrous | Titanium alloy Ti-6Al-4V (Grade 5) | 114 | 114 | 1 | condition: not stated | Ti-6Al-4V (Grade 5) titanium |
| Non-ferrous | Copper | 117 | 117 | 1 | grade: C10200 (Cu-OF); temperature: 20 °C | Aurubis |
| Non-ferrous | Inconel 718 | 200 | 159 to 200 | 2 | basis: Young's modulus at 70 F, hot-rolled flat heat treated 1800 F/1 hr, A.C. plus 1325 F/8 hr, F.C.; unit in source: ksi x 10^3 (printed 29.0, the column header) | INCONEL alloy 718 datasheet |
| Non-ferrous | Nickel | 205 | 205 | 1 | temperature: 26 °C; condition: annealed, determined dynamically; grade: Nickel 200 | Special Metals |
| Non-ferrous | Tungsten | 411 | 411 | 1 | basis: no temperature stated on the page | WebElements |
| Non-ferrous | Free-cutting brass C36000 | Not found in any source we hold | ||||
| Non-ferrous | Zinc and zinc alloys | Not found in any source we hold | ||||
| Non-ferrous | Silver | Not found in any source we hold | ||||
Every elastic modulus record behind this chart (46 records, including those left out)
| Profile | As printed | In GPa | On chart | Conditions | Status | Source |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Carbon steel 1010 | 210 GPa | 210 | plotted | processing: hot rolled; temperature: 23 °C | ground | MfgRobots |
| Carbon steel 1010 | 210 GPa | 210 | counted | processing: cold drawn; temperature: 23 °C | ground | MfgRobots |
| Carbon steel 1010 | 190 to 210 GPa | 190 to 210 | counted | processing: form not stated; temperature: 0 to 30 °C | ground | Total Materia |
| Carbon steel 1018 | 200 GPa | 200 | plotted | processing: cold drawn; temperature: not stated | ground | Elgin |
| Carbon steel 1018 | 190 to 210 GPa | 190 to 210 | counted | processing: not stated (form not given in the database entry); temperature: 0 to 30 °C | ground | Total Materia |
| Carbon steel 1018 | 210 GPa | 210 | counted | processing: hot rolled; temperature: 23 °C | ground | MfgRobots |
| Carbon steel 1045 | 190 to 210 GPa | 190 to 210 | plotted | processing: not stated; temperature: not stated on the extracted page | ground | Total Materia |
| Carbon steel 1070 | 190 to 210 GPa | 190 to 210 | plotted | form: cold drawn; temperature: not stated | ground | AZoM |
| ASTM A36 structural carbon steel | 200 GPa | 200 | plotted | form: not stated (general A36); temperature: not stated | ground | Wikipedia |
| Alloy steel AISI 4140 | 205 GPa | 205 | plotted | basis: datasheet comment Typical for steel; no temperature or heat treatment stated | ground | Elgin |
| Alloy steel AISI 4340 | 190 to 210 GPa | 190 to 210 | plotted | temperature: 25 C | ground | eFunda |
| Gray cast iron | 103 to 118 GPa | 103 to 118 | plotted | grade: EN-GJL-250; temperature: 20.0 °C | ground | MfgRobots |
| Gray cast iron | 103 to 118 GPa | 103 to 118 | counted | grade: DIN EN-GJL-250 (EN-GJL-250); temperature: band not identified in the text (the block lists several bands) | ground | Total Materia |
| Gray cast iron | 10 Mpsi | 69 | counted | standard: ASTM A48 | ground | Wikipedia |
| Gray cast iron | 14 Mpsi | 97 | counted | standard: ASTM A48 | ground | Wikipedia |
| Gray cast iron | 18 Mpsi | 124 | counted | standard: ASTM A48 | ground | Wikipedia |
| Gray cast iron | 21 Mpsi | 145 | counted | standard: ASTM A48 | ground | Wikipedia |
| Ductile iron | 169 GPa | 169 | plotted | grade: EN-GJS-400-15; heat treatment: not stated on the page; temperature: not stated beside the value; the page's first temperature column is 0 to 30 °C | ground | Total Materia |
| Stainless steel 304L | 200 GPa | 200 | plotted | temperature: not stated | ground | ATI |
| Stainless steel 316 | 200 GPa | 200 | plotted | form: sheet, coil and bar (datasheet product standards AMS 5524, 5507, 5648); temper: not printed in this row; temperature: not printed | ground | United Performance Metals |
| Stainless steel 316 | 190 to 205 GPa | 190 to 205 | counted | form: not stated; temper: not stated; temperature: not stated | ground | AZoM |
| Duplex stainless steel 2205 | 200 GPa | 200 | plotted | form: seamless tube and pipe (SAF 2205 datasheet); heat treatment: not printed; temperature: 20 C | ground | Alleima |
| Duplex stainless steel 2205 | 180 GPa | 180 | left out: test temperature 300 C, outside room temperature | form: seamless tube and pipe (SAF 2205 datasheet); heat treatment: not printed; temperature: 300 C | ground | Alleima |
| Duplex stainless steel 2205 | 190 kN/mm2 | 190 | counted | form: not stated; heat treatment: not stated; temperature: not stated | ground | Langley Alloys |
| Stainless steel 430 | 200 GPa | 200 | plotted | form: 430 bar up to 100 mm (EN 10088-3:2005 typical); temper: not printed; temperature: not printed | ground | Aalco |
| 17-4 PH stainless steel | 196 GPa | 196 | plotted | condition: all conditions printed (Condition A, H900, H1075, H1150) | ground | Jacquet Metal Service |
| 17-4 PH stainless steel | 200 to 201 GPa | 200 to 201 | counted | condition: tension, printed as a range across conditions | ground | Austral Wright Metals |
| AISI D2 cold-work tool steel | 210000 MPa | 210 | plotted | heat treatment: hardened and tempered to 62 HRC (the sheet's state for physical data); temperature: 20 C (68 F) | ground | Uddeholm |
| AISI D2 cold-work tool steel | 180000 MPa | 180 | left out: test temperature 400 to 399 C, outside room temperature | heat treatment: hardened and tempered to 62 HRC (the sheet's state for physical data); temperature: 400 C (750 F) | ground | Uddeholm |
| AISI D2 cold-work tool steel | 190 to 210 GPa | 190 to 210 | counted | heat treatment: not shown in the free preview; temperature: not shown in the free preview (the page has four temperature bands) | ground | Total Materia |
| Aluminium | 69 GPa | 69 | plotted | alloy: 1100-O; temper: O, annealed; temperature: not stated | ground | MakeItFrom.com |
| Aluminium alloy 6061 | 68.9 GPa | 69 | plotted | temper: T6 and T651 | ground | ASM |
| Aluminium alloy 7075-T6 | 71 GPa | 71 | plotted | temper: T6; product form: tube and pipe | ground | Kaiser Aluminum |
| Aluminium alloy 7075-T6 | 10.4 10^3 ksi | 72 | counted | temper: not stated; product form: not stated | ground | NASA |
| Copper | 117 GPa | 117 | plotted | grade: C10200 (Cu-OF); temperature: 20 °C | ground | Aurubis |
| Aluminium bronze C95400 | 107000 MPa | 107 | plotted | grade: C95400; temperature: not stated | ground | Wieland Concast |
| Titanium alloy Ti-6Al-4V | 113.8 GPa | 114 | plotted | condition: not stated | ground | Ti-6Al-4V (Grade 5) titanium |
| Nickel | 205 GPa | 205 | plotted | temperature: 26 °C; condition: annealed, determined dynamically; grade: Nickel 200 | ground | Special Metals |
| Inconel 718 | 29 ksi x 10^3 | 200 | plotted | basis: Young's modulus at 70 F, hot-rolled flat heat treated 1800 F/1 hr, A.C. plus 1325 F/8 hr, F.C.; unit in source: ksi x 10^3 (printed 29.0, the column header) | ground | INCONEL alloy 718 datasheet |
| Inconel 718 | 23 ksi x 10^3 | 159 | counted | basis: Young's modulus at 1300 F, same heat treatment as Table 4; unit in source: ksi x 10^3 (printed 23.0, the column header) | ground | INCONEL alloy 718 datasheet |
| Magnesium alloy AZ31B | 45 GPa | 45 | plotted | temper: As Rolled (printed on the listing); product form: foil, film and sheet listing (a 0.25 mm disc is also listed); temperature: not stated | ground | Goodfellow |
| Lead | 16 GPa | 16 | plotted | form: elemental lead, temperature, purity and test method not stated | ground | WebElements |
| Tin | 50 GPa | 50 | plotted | form: polycrystalline; temperature: not stated on the page | ground | WebElements |
| Tin | 49.9 GPa | 50 | counted | form: polycrystalline | ground | Goodfellow |
| Gold | 78 GPa | 78 | plotted | form: not stated (element data); temperature: not stated | ground | Advent Research Materials |
| Tungsten | 411 GPa | 411 | plotted | basis: no temperature stated on the page | ground | WebElements |
Yield strength of ferrous and non-ferrous profiles, MPa
Ferrous median 375 MPa (14 profiles, 170 to 1,000); non-ferrous median 221 MPa (10 profiles, 29 to 1,179, from Aluminium to Inconel 718). The lanes overlap from 170 to 1,000 MPa, and 6 of 10 non-ferrous profiles sit inside the ferrous range.
Hover or focus a dot to read its value, conditions and source. Circles are ferrous profiles, diamonds are non-ferrous; a thin line behind a dot runs from the lowest to the highest record of that profile.
| Lane | Profile | Value plotted, MPa | Lowest to highest, MPa | Records | Conditions of the plotted record | Source |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Ferrous | Stainless steel 304L | 170 | 170 to 241 | 3 | form: plate, sheet and strip; temper: not stated | ATI |
| Ferrous | Gray cast iron (flake graphite iron) | 165 to 228 (midpoint plotted) | 165 to 228 | 1 | grade: EN-GJL-250; temperature: 20.0 °C | MfgRobots |
| Ferrous | Stainless steel 316 | 205 | 193 to 213 | 3 | form: sheet, coil and bar (datasheet product standards AMS 5524, 5507, 5648); temper: not printed in this row (magnetic row of the same datasheet is labelled annealed); temperature: not printed | United Performance Metals |
| Ferrous | ASTM A36 structural carbon steel | 248 | 220 to 250 | 3 | form: mill plate and temper-leveled plate (SSAB product table); test: transverse tension test per ASTM A6, as printed by SSAB | SSAB |
| Ferrous | Carbon steel 1010 | 275 | 170 to 345 | 5 | processing: DOM (drawn) round mechanical tube; temperature: not stated | MWAlloys |
| Ferrous | Stainless steel 430 | 300 | 207 to 386 | 4 | form: annealed, longitudinal test direction (datasheet); temper: annealed; temperature: not printed | Deutsche Edelstahlwerke |
| Ferrous | Carbon steel 1018 | 370 | 240 to 370 | 2 | processing: cold drawn; temperature: not stated | Elgin |
| Ferrous | Ductile iron (nodular iron, SG iron) | 379 | 276 to 621 | 7 | grade: 80-55-06; heat treatment: as-cast (ASTM A536 summary); temperature: not stated | Goldens' Guide to Ductile Iron |
| Ferrous | Carbon steel 1070 | 390 | 390 to 495 | 2 | temperature: not stated; condition: not specified in the table | Gravity Cast |
| Ferrous | Carbon steel 1045 | 407 | 300 to 540 | 7 | processing: as rolled (hot rolled bar); product: bar (page section C1045 Bar Products); temperature: not stated | Metal Supermarkets |
| Ferrous | Duplex stainless steel 2205 | 450 | 450 to 895 | 4 | form: plate, sheet and strip (ASTM A240, UNS S32205); heat treatment: not printed on the page; temperature: not printed | ATI |
| Ferrous | Alloy steel AISI 4140 (chromium-molybdenum) | 665 | 570 to 1,235 | 7 | condition: quenched and tempered: oil quench from 830 to 860 C, temper 540 to 680 C for at least 1 h, air cool | voestalpine |
| Ferrous | Alloy steel AISI 4340 (nickel-chromium-molybdenum) | 925 | 665 to 1,125 | 7 | condition: quenched and tempered to condition W; heat treatment: harden 815 to 845 C, oil or polymer quench; temper 455 to 650 C for at least 2 h, air cool (recommended ranges) | voestalpine |
| Ferrous | 17-4 PH stainless steel | 1,000 | 725 to 1,262 | 9 | condition: H1025; heat treatment: 550 C, 4 h, air cool; form: bar and shapes | Austral Wright Metals |
| Non-ferrous | Aluminium | 29 | 22 to 29 | 2 | alloy: 1100-O; temper: O, annealed | MakeItFrom.com |
| Non-ferrous | Copper | 69 | 69 | 1 | grade: C10200 (Cu-OF); temper: soft; measure: Rp0.2 nominal; product form: strip, rolled product (Aurubis) | Aurubis |
| Non-ferrous | Nickel | 105 to 210 (midpoint plotted) | 105 to 210 | 1 | form: cold-drawn annealed or hot-finished annealed rod and bar; temperature: room temperature (not stated) | Special Metals |
| Non-ferrous | Free-cutting brass C36000 | 170 | 130 to 240 | 4 | grade: C36000 (Fisk MA36B); temper: H02, half hard (1/2 hard); product form: round rod, mill limits 1.59 to 6.35 mm; measure: minimum, 0.5 % extension under load | Fisk Alloy |
| Non-ferrous | Aluminium bronze C95400 | 221 | 205 to 310 | 5 | grade: C95400 (ASTM B505/B505M-23); heat treatment: as cast (standard sheet; the heat-treated grade has its own sheet, C95400HT); measure: minimum, 0.5 % extension under load | Wieland Concast |
| Non-ferrous | Zinc and zinc alloys | 221 | 110 to 290 | 4 | alloy: Zamak 3 (ASTM B86 AG40A; ZP3; UNS Z33521); condition: as-cast or aging (heat-treatment column of the sheet) | ICAST |
| Non-ferrous | Aluminium alloy 6061 | 276 | 276 | 1 | temper: T6 and T651 (datasheet covers both); temperature: room temperature (not stated); product form: not stated | ASM |
| Non-ferrous | Aluminium alloy 7075-T6 | 503 | 503 | 1 | temper: T6; product form: tube and pipe | Kaiser Aluminum |
| Non-ferrous | Titanium alloy Ti-6Al-4V (Grade 5) | 830 to 950 (midpoint plotted) | 830 to 1,100 | 3 | condition: annealed | Ti-6Al-4V (Grade 5) titanium |
| Non-ferrous | Inconel 718 | 1,179 | 917 to 1,196 | 4 | basis: 0.2 percent offset, room temperature, same bar as the row above | INCONEL alloy 718 datasheet |
| Ferrous | AISI D2 cold-work tool steel (EN 1.2379, X153CrMoV12) | Not found in any source we hold | ||||
| Non-ferrous | Magnesium alloy AZ31B | Not found in any source we hold | ||||
| Non-ferrous | Lead | Not found in any source we hold | ||||
| Non-ferrous | Tin | Not found in any source we hold | ||||
| Non-ferrous | Silver | Not found in any source we hold | ||||
| Non-ferrous | Gold | Not found in any source we hold | ||||
| Non-ferrous | Tungsten | Not found in any source we hold | ||||
Every yield strength record behind this chart (94 records, including those left out)
| Profile | As printed | In MPa | On chart | Conditions | Status | Source |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Carbon steel 1010 | 190 MPa | 190 | counted | processing: hot rolled; temperature: 23 °C | ground | MfgRobots |
| Carbon steel 1010 | 330 MPa | 330 | counted | processing: cold drawn; temperature: 23 °C | ground | MfgRobots |
| Carbon steel 1010 | 275 to 345 MPa | 275 to 345 | counted | processing: normalized round mechanical tube; temperature: not stated | ground | MWAlloys |
| Carbon steel 1010 | 170 to 300 MPa | 170 to 300 | counted | processing: as-welded ERW round mechanical tube; temperature: not stated | ground | MWAlloys |
| Carbon steel 1010 | 275 MPa | 275 | plotted | processing: DOM (drawn) round mechanical tube; temperature: not stated | ground | MWAlloys |
| Carbon steel 1018 | 370 MPa | 370 | plotted | processing: cold drawn; temperature: not stated | ground | Elgin |
| Carbon steel 1018 | 240 MPa | 240 | counted | processing: hot rolled; temperature: 23 °C | ground | MfgRobots |
| Carbon steel 1045 | 540 MPa | 540 | counted | processing: cold drawn; temperature: not stated | ground | voestalpine |
| Carbon steel 1045 | 510 MPa | 510 | counted | processing: cold drawn; temperature: not stated | ground | voestalpine |
| Carbon steel 1045 | 500 MPa | 500 | counted | processing: cold drawn; temperature: not stated | ground | voestalpine |
| Carbon steel 1045 | 300 MPa | 300 | counted | processing: hot rolled; temperature: not stated | ground | voestalpine |
| Carbon steel 1045 | 59000 psi | 407 | plotted | processing: as rolled (hot rolled bar); product: bar (page section C1045 Bar Products); temperature: not stated | ground | Metal Supermarkets |
| Carbon steel 1045 | 58000 psi | 400 | counted | processing: normalized; product: bar (page section C1045 Bar Products); temperature: not stated | ground | Metal Supermarkets |
| Carbon steel 1045 | 48000 psi | 331 | counted | processing: annealed; product: bar (page section C1045 Bar Products); temperature: not stated | ground | Metal Supermarkets |
| Carbon steel 1070 | 390 MPa | 390 | plotted | temperature: not stated; condition: not specified in the table | ground | Gravity Cast |
| Carbon steel 1070 | 495 MPa | 495 | counted | temperature: not printed; condition: not printed | ground | eFunda |
| ASTM A36 structural carbon steel | 36 ksi | 248 | plotted | form: mill plate and temper-leveled plate (SSAB product table); test: transverse tension test per ASTM A6, as printed by SSAB | ground | SSAB |
| ASTM A36 structural carbon steel | 250 MPa | 250 | counted | form: plates, bars and shapes | ground | Wikipedia |
| ASTM A36 structural carbon steel | 220 MPa | 220 | counted | form: plates | ground | Wikipedia |
| Alloy steel AISI 4140 | 740 MPa | 740 | counted | condition: quenched and tempered: oil quench from 830 to 860 C, temper 540 to 680 C for at least 1 h, air cool | ground | voestalpine |
| Alloy steel AISI 4140 | 665 MPa | 665 | plotted | condition: quenched and tempered: oil quench from 830 to 860 C, temper 540 to 680 C for at least 1 h, air cool | ground | voestalpine |
| Alloy steel AISI 4140 | 770 MPa | 770 | counted | condition: hardened and tempered, supplied to condition T (the temper temperature is not stated) | ground | Aircraft Materials |
| Alloy steel AISI 4140 | 570 MPa | 570 | counted | condition: hardened and tempered, supplied to condition T (the temper temperature is not stated) | ground | Aircraft Materials |
| Alloy steel AISI 4140 | 655 MPa | 655 | counted | condition: normalised at 870 C, air cooled | ground | Elgin |
| Alloy steel AISI 4140 | 1235 MPa | 1,235 | counted | heat treatment: A 1116 K/60 min, water quench, T 755 K/120 min (A 843 C 1 h, water quench, temper 482 C 2 h); strength level high; test: smooth tensile, room temperature, strain rate 3.3e-5 per s | ground | Technical Reference on Hydrogen Compatibility |
| Alloy steel AISI 4140 | 642 MPa | 642 | counted | heat treatment: A 1116 K/60 min, oil quench, T 977 K/120 min, air cool (A 843 C 1 h, oil quench, temper 704 C 2 h, air cool); strength level low | ground | Technical Reference on Hydrogen Compatibility |
| Alloy steel AISI 4340 | 665 MPa | 665 | counted | condition: quenched and tempered to condition T; heat treatment: harden 815 to 845 C, oil or polymer quench; temper 455 to 650 C for at least 2 h, air cool (recommended ranges) | ground | voestalpine |
| Alloy steel AISI 4340 | 740 MPa | 740 | counted | condition: quenched and tempered to condition U; heat treatment: harden 815 to 845 C, oil or polymer quench; temper 455 to 650 C for at least 2 h, air cool (recommended ranges) | ground | voestalpine |
| Alloy steel AISI 4340 | 835 MPa | 835 | counted | condition: quenched and tempered to condition V; heat treatment: harden 815 to 845 C, oil or polymer quench; temper 455 to 650 C for at least 2 h, air cool (recommended ranges) | ground | voestalpine |
| Alloy steel AISI 4340 | 925 MPa | 925 | plotted | condition: quenched and tempered to condition W; heat treatment: harden 815 to 845 C, oil or polymer quench; temper 455 to 650 C for at least 2 h, air cool (recommended ranges) | ground | voestalpine |
| Alloy steel AISI 4340 | 1005 MPa | 1,005 | counted | condition: quenched and tempered to condition X* (asterisked: typically ordered annealed for machining, then heat treated); heat treatment: harden 815 to 845 C, oil or polymer quench; temper 455 to 650 C for at least 2 h, air cool (recommended ranges) | ground | voestalpine |
| Alloy steel AISI 4340 | 1080 MPa | 1,080 | counted | condition: quenched and tempered to condition Y* (asterisked: typically ordered annealed for machining, then heat treated); heat treatment: harden 815 to 845 C, oil or polymer quench; temper 455 to 650 C for at least 2 h, air cool (recommended ranges) | ground | voestalpine |
| Alloy steel AISI 4340 | 1125 MPa | 1,125 | counted | condition: quenched and tempered to condition Z* (asterisked: typically ordered annealed for machining, then heat treated); heat treatment: harden 815 to 845 C, oil or polymer quench; temper 455 to 650 C for at least 2 h, air cool (recommended ranges) | ground | voestalpine |
| Gray cast iron | 165 to 228 MPa | 165 to 228 | plotted | grade: EN-GJL-250; temperature: 20.0 °C | ground | MfgRobots |
| Ductile iron | 40000 psi | 276 | counted | grade: 60-40-18; heat treatment: full ferritizing anneal (ASTM A536 summary); Daycounter says may be annealed; temperature: not stated | ground | Goldens' Guide to Ductile Iron |
| Ductile iron | 45000 psi | 310 | counted | grade: 65-45-12; heat treatment: as-cast (ASTM A536 summary); temperature: not stated | ground | Goldens' Guide to Ductile Iron |
| Ductile iron | 50000 psi | 345 | counted | grade: 70-50-07; heat treatment: not stated in the fetched sources; temperature: not stated | ground | Goldens' Guide to Ductile Iron |
| Ductile iron | 55000 psi | 379 | plotted | grade: 80-55-06; heat treatment: as-cast (ASTM A536 summary); temperature: not stated | ground | Goldens' Guide to Ductile Iron |
| Ductile iron | 60000 psi | 414 | counted | grade: 80-60-03; heat treatment: not stated in the fetched sources; temperature: not stated | ground | Goldens' Guide to Ductile Iron |
| Ductile iron | 70000 psi | 483 | counted | grade: 100-70-03; heat treatment: quench and temper, normalize and temper, or isothermal (ASTM A536 summary); Daycounter says usually normalized; temperature: not stated | ground | Goldens' Guide to Ductile Iron |
| Ductile iron | 90000 psi | 621 | counted | grade: 120-90-02; heat treatment: quench and temper, normalize and temper, or isothermal (ASTM A536 summary); Daycounter says quenched and tempered; temperature: not stated | ground | Goldens' Guide to Ductile Iron |
| Stainless steel 304L | 170 MPa | 170 | plotted | form: plate, sheet and strip; temper: not stated | ground | ATI |
| Stainless steel 304L | 170 MPa | 170 | counted | product: ASTM A240 plate, sheet and strip, UNS S30403; heat treatment: solution annealing, printed under the Heat Treatment column | ground | ICAST |
| Stainless steel 304L | 241 MPa | 241 | counted | temper: not stated | ground | UPMET datasheet |
| Stainless steel 316 | 205 MPa | 205 | plotted | form: sheet, coil and bar (datasheet product standards AMS 5524, 5507, 5648); temper: not printed in this row (magnetic row of the same datasheet is labelled annealed); temperature: not printed | ground | United Performance Metals |
| Stainless steel 316 | 205 MPa | 205 | counted | form: plate, sheet and strip (ASTM A240, ASME SA-240); temper: not named on the page; temperature: not printed | ground | ATI |
| Stainless steel 316 | 656 to 663 MPa | 656 to 663 | left out: test temperature -269 C, outside room temperature | form: plate, 25.4 mm thick; temper: annealed (Table I title); temperature: 4 K; test: 0.2 percent offset tensile yield, strain rate 0.02 mm/s | ground | NBSIR 80-1627 |
| Stainless steel 316 | 193 to 213 MPa | 193 to 213 | counted | form: plate, 25.4 mm thick; temper: annealed (Table I title); temperature: 295 K; test: 0.2 percent offset tensile yield, strain rate 0.02 mm/s | ground | NBSIR 80-1627 |
| Stainless steel 316 | 102 MPa | 102 | left out: test temperature 649 C, outside room temperature | form: plate, 25.4 mm thick; temper: annealed (Table I title); temperature: 922 K; test: 0.2 percent offset tensile yield | ground | NBSIR 80-1627 |
| Duplex stainless steel 2205 | 450 MPa | 450 | plotted | form: plate, sheet and strip (ASTM A240, UNS S32205); heat treatment: not printed on the page; temperature: not printed | ground | ATI |
| Duplex stainless steel 2205 | 450 MPa | 450 | counted | form: plate, sheet and strip (ASTM A240, UNS S32205); heat treatment: solution annealing (ICAST heat treatment column); temperature: not printed | ground | ICAST |
| Duplex stainless steel 2205 | 485 MPa | 485 | counted | form: seamless tube and pipe, wall up to 20 mm; heat treatment: solution annealed; temperature: 20 C | ground | Alleima |
| Duplex stainless steel 2205 | 895 MPa | 895 | counted | form: seamless tube and pipe, cold worked for oil and gas production; heat treatment: cold worked, no subsequent heat treatment; temperature: not printed | ground | Alleima |
| Duplex stainless steel 2205 | 280 MPa | 280 | left out: test temperature 300 C, outside room temperature | form: seamless tube and pipe, wall up to 20 mm; heat treatment: solution annealed (mechanical properties section); temperature: 300 C | ground | Alleima |
| Duplex stainless steel 2205 | 48.5 ksi | 334 | left out: test temperature 150 to 150 C, outside room temperature | form: plate (Rolled Alloys minimum elevated tensile table); heat treatment: not printed; temperature: 302 F (150 C) | ground | Rolled Alloys |
| Stainless steel 430 | 30 ksi | 207 | counted | form: ASTM A240 sheet and strip basis (Combined Metals data sheet); temper: annealed (Min); temperature: room temperature (typical room temperature table) | ground | Combined Metals |
| Stainless steel 430 | 43 to 56 ksi | 296 to 386 | counted | form: sheet and strip, 0.04 to 0.115 in thick; temper: cold rolled and annealed (ATI footnote); temperature: room temperature (typical) | ground | ATI |
| Stainless steel 430 | 300 MPa | 300 | plotted | form: annealed, longitudinal test direction (datasheet); temper: annealed; temperature: not printed | ground | Deutsche Edelstahlwerke |
| Stainless steel 430 | 240 MPa | 240 | counted | form: bar up to 100 mm diameter or thickness (EN 10088-3:2005); temper: not printed; temperature: not printed | ground | Aalco |
| 17-4 PH stainless steel | 1262 MPa | 1,262 | counted | condition: H900; form: bar, cold finished | ground | Carpenter Technology |
| 17-4 PH stainless steel | 1117 MPa | 1,117 | counted | condition: H1025; form: bar, cold finished | ground | Carpenter Technology |
| 17-4 PH stainless steel | 869 MPa | 869 | counted | condition: H1150; form: bar, cold finished | ground | Carpenter Technology |
| 17-4 PH stainless steel | 760 MPa | 760 | counted | condition: Condition A; form: sheet, strip, plate and long products | ground | Jacquet Metal Service |
| 17-4 PH stainless steel | 1240 MPa | 1,240 | counted | condition: H900; form: sheet, strip, plate and long products | ground | Jacquet Metal Service |
| 17-4 PH stainless steel | 860 MPa | 860 | counted | condition: H1150; form: sheet, strip, plate and long products | ground | Jacquet Metal Service |
| 17-4 PH stainless steel | 1170 MPa | 1,170 | counted | condition: H900; heat treatment: 480 C, 1 h, air cool; form: bar and shapes | ground | Austral Wright Metals |
| 17-4 PH stainless steel | 1000 MPa | 1,000 | plotted | condition: H1025; heat treatment: 550 C, 4 h, air cool; form: bar and shapes | ground | Austral Wright Metals |
| 17-4 PH stainless steel | 725 MPa | 725 | counted | condition: H1150; heat treatment: 620 C, 4 h, air cool; form: bar and shapes | ground | Austral Wright Metals |
| Aluminium | 22.06 MPa | 22 | counted | temperature: room temperature; purity: 99.95% to above 99.996% grades | calculated | AlumiPlate |
| Aluminium | 29 MPa | 29 | plotted | alloy: 1100-O; temper: O, annealed | ground | MakeItFrom.com |
| Aluminium alloy 6061 | 276 MPa | 276 | plotted | temper: T6 and T651 (datasheet covers both); temperature: room temperature (not stated); product form: not stated | ground | ASM |
| Aluminium alloy 7075-T6 | 503 MPa | 503 | plotted | temper: T6; product form: tube and pipe | ground | Kaiser Aluminum |
| Copper | 69 MPa | 69 | plotted | grade: C10200 (Cu-OF); temper: soft; measure: Rp0.2 nominal; product form: strip, rolled product (Aurubis) | ground | Aurubis |
| Free-cutting brass C36000 | 130 MPa | 130 | counted | grade: C36000 (Fisk MA36B); temper: O60, annealed (soft); product form: round rod, mill limits 1.59 to 6.35 mm; measure: minimum, 0.5 % extension under load | ground | Fisk Alloy |
| Free-cutting brass C36000 | 170 MPa | 170 | plotted | grade: C36000 (Fisk MA36B); temper: H02, half hard (1/2 hard); product form: round rod, mill limits 1.59 to 6.35 mm; measure: minimum, 0.5 % extension under load | ground | Fisk Alloy |
| Free-cutting brass C36000 | 240 MPa | 240 | counted | grade: C36000 (Fisk MA36B); temper: H04, hard; product form: round rod, mill limits 4.77 to 6.35 mm; measure: minimum, 0.5 % extension under load | ground | Fisk Alloy |
| Free-cutting brass C36000 | 170 MPa | 170 | counted | grade: C36000; temper: H02, 1/2 hard; product form: bar, diameter or distance between parallel surfaces 12.7 mm and under; measure: minimum, 0.5 % extension under load | ground | Aviva Metals |
| Aluminium bronze C95400 | 221 MPa | 221 | plotted | grade: C95400 (ASTM B505/B505M-23); heat treatment: as cast (standard sheet; the heat-treated grade has its own sheet, C95400HT); measure: minimum, 0.5 % extension under load | ground | Wieland Concast |
| Aluminium bronze C95400 | 32000 psi | 221 | counted | grade: C95400; heat treatment: as cast; measure: minimum | ground | Bunting Bearings |
| Aluminium bronze C95400 | 310 MPa | 310 | counted | grade: C95400HT (ASTM B505/B505M-23); heat treatment: heat treated (C95400HT sheet); measure: minimum, 0.5 % extension under load | ground | Wieland Concast |
| Aluminium bronze C95400 | 45000 psi | 310 | counted | grade: C95400; heat treatment: heat treated; measure: minimum | ground | Bunting Bearings |
| Aluminium bronze C95400 | 205 MPa | 205 | counted | grade: C95400 (ASTM B148 sand casting); heat treatment: as cast or solution annealed or normalized (the sheet's heat-treatment column; minimums not split by route); measure: minimum | ground | iCast |
| Titanium alloy Ti-6Al-4V | 830 to 950 MPa | 830 to 950 | plotted | condition: annealed | ground | Ti-6Al-4V (Grade 5) titanium |
| Titanium alloy Ti-6Al-4V | 1000 to 1100 MPa | 1,000 to 1,100 | counted | condition: solution treated and aged (STA) | ground | Ti-6Al-4V (Grade 5) titanium |
| Titanium alloy Ti-6Al-4V | 862 MPa | 862 | counted | specification: AMS 4928, annealed bar, diameter under 2.00 in; minimum: yes | ground | aircraft materials |
| Nickel | 105 to 210 MPa | 105 to 210 | plotted | form: cold-drawn annealed or hot-finished annealed rod and bar; temperature: room temperature (not stated) | ground | Special Metals |
| Inconel 718 | 171 ksi | 1,179 | plotted | basis: 0.2 percent offset, room temperature, same bar as the row above | ground | INCONEL alloy 718 datasheet |
| Inconel 718 | 145 ksi | 1,000 | counted | basis: 0.2 percent offset, 1200 F, same bar | ground | INCONEL alloy 718 datasheet |
| Inconel 718 | 133 ksi | 917 | counted | basis: 0.2 percent offset, 1300 F, same bar | ground | INCONEL alloy 718 datasheet |
| Inconel 718 | 173.5 ksi | 1,196 | counted | basis: -320 F, 0.2 percent offset, same test set as Table 20 | ground | INCONEL alloy 718 datasheet |
| Zinc and zinc alloys | 110 N/mm2 | 110 | counted | alloy: rolled titanium-zinc (NedZink; Zn 99.995 % base with small Cu, Ti and Al additions); condition: rolled sheet; product requirement (minimum); test: Rp 0,2 (yield strength) | ground | NedZink titanium zinc |
| Zinc and zinc alloys | 221 MPa | 221 | plotted | alloy: Zamak 3 (ASTM B86 AG40A; ZP3; UNS Z33521); condition: as-cast or aging (heat-treatment column of the sheet) | ground | ICAST |
| Zinc and zinc alloys | 228 MPa | 228 | counted | alloy: Zamak 5 (ASTM B86 AC41A; ZP5; UNS Z33531 as printed); condition: as-cast or aging (heat-treatment column of the sheet) | ground | ICAST |
| Zinc and zinc alloys | 198 to 290 MPa | 198 to 290 | counted | alloy: ZA-8 (ASTM B86 ZA-8; UNS Z35636; ZP8); condition: as-cast or aging (heat-treatment column of the sheet) | ground | ICAST |
Tensile strength of ferrous and non-ferrous profiles, MPa
Ferrous median 500 MPa (14 profiles, 241 to 1,075); non-ferrous median 350 MPa (10 profiles, 88 to 1,134, from Aluminium to Inconel 718). The lanes overlap from 241 to 1,075 MPa, and 7 of 10 non-ferrous profiles sit inside the ferrous range.
Hover or focus a dot to read its value, conditions and source. Circles are ferrous profiles, diamonds are non-ferrous; a thin line behind a dot runs from the lowest to the highest record of that profile.
| Lane | Profile | Value plotted, MPa | Lowest to highest, MPa | Records | Conditions of the plotted record | Source |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Ferrous | Gray cast iron (flake graphite iron) | 241 | 138 to 431 | 12 | standard: ASTM A48 | Align Manufacturing |
| Ferrous | Carbon steel 1010 | 345 to 450 (midpoint plotted) | 310 to 450 | 5 | processing: normalized round mechanical tube; temperature: not stated | MWAlloys |
| Ferrous | Carbon steel 1018 | 440 | 430 to 440 | 2 | processing: cold drawn; temperature: not stated | Elgin |
| Ferrous | ASTM A36 structural carbon steel | 400 to 552 (midpoint plotted) | 400 to 552 | 2 | form: mill plate and temper-leveled plate (SSAB product table); test: transverse tension test per ASTM A6, as printed by SSAB | SSAB |
| Ferrous | Stainless steel 430 | 480 | 400 to 630 | 4 | form: annealed, longitudinal test direction (datasheet); temper: annealed; temperature: not printed | Deutsche Edelstahlwerke |
| Ferrous | Ductile iron (nodular iron, SG iron) | 483 | 350 to 827 | 9 | grade: 70-50-07; heat treatment: not stated in the fetched sources; temperature: not stated | Goldens' Guide to Ductile Iron |
| Ferrous | Stainless steel 304L | 485 | 485 to 586 | 3 | form: plate, sheet and strip; temper: not stated | ATI |
| Ferrous | Stainless steel 316 | 515 | 480 to 620 | 3 | form: sheet, coil and bar (datasheet product standards AMS 5524, 5507, 5648); temper: not printed in this row (magnetic row of the same datasheet is labelled annealed); temperature: not printed | United Performance Metals |
| Ferrous | Carbon steel 1045 | 570 to 700 (midpoint plotted) | 552 to 700 | 7 | processing: hot rolled; temperature: not stated | voestalpine |
| Ferrous | Carbon steel 1070 | 640 | 640 to 700 | 2 | temperature: 25 °C; condition: cold drawn, spheroidized annealed | eFunda |
| Ferrous | Duplex stainless steel 2205 | 655 | 655 to 965 | 4 | form: plate, sheet and strip (ASTM A240, UNS S32205); heat treatment: not printed on the page; temperature: not printed | ATI |
| Ferrous | Alloy steel AISI 4140 (chromium-molybdenum) | 930 | 745 to 1,283 | 8 | condition: hardened and tempered, supplied to condition T (the temper temperature is not stated) | Aircraft Materials |
| Ferrous | 17-4 PH stainless steel | 1,070 | 930 to 1,365 | 9 | condition: H1025; heat treatment: 550 C, 4 h, air cool; form: bar and shapes | Austral Wright Metals |
| Ferrous | Alloy steel AISI 4340 (nickel-chromium-molybdenum) | 1,000 to 1,150 (midpoint plotted) | 745 to 1,550 | 8 | condition: quenched and tempered to condition V; heat treatment: harden 815 to 845 C, oil or polymer quench; temper 455 to 650 C for at least 2 h, air cool (recommended ranges) | voestalpine |
| Non-ferrous | Aluminium | 88 | 49 to 310 | 3 | alloy: 1100-O; temper: O, annealed | MakeItFrom.com |
| Non-ferrous | Copper | 179 to 262 (midpoint plotted) | 179 to 262 | 1 | grade: C10200 (Cu-OF); temper: soft; product form: strip, rolled product (Aurubis) | Aurubis |
| Non-ferrous | Zinc and zinc alloys | 283 | 150 to 374 | 4 | alloy: Zamak 3 (ASTM B86 AG40A; ZP3; UNS Z33521); condition: as-cast or aging (heat-treatment column of the sheet) | ICAST |
| Non-ferrous | Magnesium alloy AZ31B | 290 | 290 | 1 | temper: As Rolled (printed on the listing; not O or H24); product form: foil, film and sheet listing; temperature: not stated | Goodfellow |
| Non-ferrous | Aluminium alloy 6061 | 310 | 310 | 1 | temper: T6 and T651 (datasheet covers both); temperature: room temperature (not stated); product form: not stated | ASM |
| Non-ferrous | Free-cutting brass C36000 | 390 | 330 to 480 | 4 | grade: C36000 (Fisk MA36B); temper: H02, half hard (1/2 hard); product form: round rod, mill limits 1.59 to 6.35 mm; measure: minimum | Fisk Alloy |
| Non-ferrous | Nickel | 380 to 520 (midpoint plotted) | 380 to 520 | 1 | form: cold-drawn annealed or hot-finished annealed rod and bar; temperature: room temperature (not stated) | Special Metals |
| Non-ferrous | Aluminium alloy 7075-T6 | 572 | 572 | 1 | temper: T6; product form: tube and pipe | Kaiser Aluminum |
| Non-ferrous | Aluminium bronze C95400 | 586 | 515 to 655 | 5 | grade: C95400; heat treatment: as cast; measure: minimum | Bunting Bearings |
| Non-ferrous | Inconel 718 | 1,134 | 1,003 to 1,634 | 4 | basis: 1200 F, same bar and heat treatment | INCONEL alloy 718 datasheet |
| Ferrous | AISI D2 cold-work tool steel (EN 1.2379, X153CrMoV12) | Not found in any source we hold | ||||
| Non-ferrous | Titanium alloy Ti-6Al-4V (Grade 5) | Not found in any source we hold | ||||
| Non-ferrous | Lead | Not found in any source we hold | ||||
| Non-ferrous | Tin | Not found in any source we hold | ||||
| Non-ferrous | Silver | Not found in any source we hold | ||||
| Non-ferrous | Gold | Not found in any source we hold | ||||
| Non-ferrous | Tungsten | Not found in any source we hold | ||||
Every ultimate tensile strength record behind this chart (108 records, including those left out)
| Profile | As printed | In MPa | On chart | Conditions | Status | Source |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Carbon steel 1010 | 350 MPa | 350 | counted | processing: hot rolled; temperature: 23 °C | ground | MfgRobots |
| Carbon steel 1010 | 400 MPa | 400 | counted | processing: cold drawn; temperature: 23 °C | ground | MfgRobots |
| Carbon steel 1010 | 345 to 450 MPa | 345 to 450 | plotted | processing: normalized round mechanical tube; temperature: not stated | ground | MWAlloys |
| Carbon steel 1010 | 310 to 450 MPa | 310 to 450 | counted | processing: as-welded ERW round mechanical tube; temperature: not stated | ground | MWAlloys |
| Carbon steel 1010 | 415 MPa | 415 | counted | processing: DOM (drawn) round mechanical tube; temperature: not stated | ground | MWAlloys |
| Carbon steel 1018 | 440 MPa | 440 | plotted | processing: cold drawn; temperature: not stated | ground | Elgin |
| Carbon steel 1018 | 430 MPa | 430 | counted | processing: hot rolled; temperature: 23 °C | ground | MfgRobots |
| Carbon steel 1045 | 690 MPa | 690 | counted | processing: cold drawn; temperature: not stated | ground | voestalpine |
| Carbon steel 1045 | 650 MPa | 650 | counted | processing: cold drawn; temperature: not stated | ground | voestalpine |
| Carbon steel 1045 | 640 MPa | 640 | counted | processing: cold drawn; temperature: not stated | ground | voestalpine |
| Carbon steel 1045 | 570 to 700 MPa | 570 to 700 | plotted | processing: hot rolled; temperature: not stated | ground | voestalpine |
| Carbon steel 1045 | 90000 psi | 621 | counted | processing: as rolled (hot rolled bar); product: bar (page section C1045 Bar Products); temperature: not stated | ground | Metal Supermarkets |
| Carbon steel 1045 | 87000 psi | 600 | counted | processing: normalized; product: bar (page section C1045 Bar Products); temperature: not stated | ground | Metal Supermarkets |
| Carbon steel 1045 | 80000 psi | 552 | counted | processing: annealed; product: bar (page section C1045 Bar Products); temperature: not stated | ground | Metal Supermarkets |
| Carbon steel 1070 | 640 to 700 MPa | 640 to 700 | counted | temperature: not stated; condition: not specified in the table; the heat treatment column lists As Raw, Annealing, Normalizing, Hardening and Tempering | ground | Gravity Cast |
| Carbon steel 1070 | 640 MPa | 640 | plotted | temperature: 25 °C; condition: cold drawn, spheroidized annealed | ground | eFunda |
| ASTM A36 structural carbon steel | 58 to 80 ksi | 400 to 552 | plotted | form: mill plate and temper-leveled plate (SSAB product table); test: transverse tension test per ASTM A6, as printed by SSAB | ground | SSAB |
| ASTM A36 structural carbon steel | 400 to 550 MPa | 400 to 550 | counted | form: plates, bars and shapes | ground | Wikipedia |
| ASTM A36 structural carbon steel | 370 MPa | 370 | left out: test temperature 371 to 371 C, outside room temperature | form: bars and shapes; temperature: 700 °F (371 °C) | ground | Wikipedia |
| ASTM A36 structural carbon steel | 260 MPa | 260 | left out: test temperature 427 to 427 C, outside room temperature | form: bars and shapes; temperature: 800 °F (427 °C) | ground | Wikipedia |
| Alloy steel AISI 4140 | 930 to 1080 MPa | 930 to 1,080 | counted | condition: quenched and tempered: oil quench from 830 to 860 C, temper 540 to 680 C for at least 1 h, air cool | ground | voestalpine |
| Alloy steel AISI 4140 | 850 to 1000 MPa | 850 to 1,000 | counted | condition: quenched and tempered: oil quench from 830 to 860 C, temper 540 to 680 C for at least 1 h, air cool | ground | voestalpine |
| Alloy steel AISI 4140 | 930 MPa | 930 | plotted | condition: hardened and tempered, supplied to condition T (the temper temperature is not stated) | ground | Aircraft Materials |
| Alloy steel AISI 4140 | 850 MPa | 850 | counted | condition: hardened and tempered, supplied to condition T (the temper temperature is not stated) | ground | Aircraft Materials |
| Alloy steel AISI 4140 | 1020 MPa | 1,020 | counted | condition: normalised at 870 C, air cooled | ground | Elgin |
| Alloy steel AISI 4140 | 1283 MPa | 1,283 | counted | heat treatment: A 1116 K/60 min, water quench, T 755 K/120 min (A 843 C 1 h, water quench, temper 482 C 2 h); strength level high; test: smooth tensile, room temperature | ground | Technical Reference on Hydrogen Compatibility |
| Alloy steel AISI 4140 | 1228 MPa | 1,228 | counted | heat treatment: A 1116 K/60 min, water quench, T 755 K/120 min (A 843 C 1 h, water quench, temper 482 C 2 h); strength level high; test: smooth tensile, room temperature | ground | Technical Reference on Hydrogen Compatibility |
| Alloy steel AISI 4140 | 745 MPa | 745 | counted | heat treatment: A 1116 K/60 min, oil quench, T 977 K/120 min, air cool (A 843 C 1 h, oil quench, temper 704 C 2 h, air cool); strength level low | ground | Technical Reference on Hydrogen Compatibility |
| Alloy steel AISI 4340 | 850 to 1000 MPa | 850 to 1,000 | counted | condition: quenched and tempered to condition T; heat treatment: harden 815 to 845 C, oil or polymer quench; temper 455 to 650 C for at least 2 h, air cool (recommended ranges) | ground | voestalpine |
| Alloy steel AISI 4340 | 930 to 1080 MPa | 930 to 1,080 | counted | condition: quenched and tempered to condition U; heat treatment: harden 815 to 845 C, oil or polymer quench; temper 455 to 650 C for at least 2 h, air cool (recommended ranges) | ground | voestalpine |
| Alloy steel AISI 4340 | 1000 to 1150 MPa | 1,000 to 1,150 | plotted | condition: quenched and tempered to condition V; heat treatment: harden 815 to 845 C, oil or polymer quench; temper 455 to 650 C for at least 2 h, air cool (recommended ranges) | ground | voestalpine |
| Alloy steel AISI 4340 | 1080 to 1230 MPa | 1,080 to 1,230 | counted | condition: quenched and tempered to condition W; heat treatment: harden 815 to 845 C, oil or polymer quench; temper 455 to 650 C for at least 2 h, air cool (recommended ranges) | ground | voestalpine |
| Alloy steel AISI 4340 | 1150 to 1300 MPa | 1,150 to 1,300 | counted | condition: quenched and tempered to condition X* (asterisked: typically ordered annealed for machining, then heat treated); heat treatment: harden 815 to 845 C, oil or polymer quench; temper 455 to 650 C for at least 2 h, air cool (recommended ranges) | ground | voestalpine |
| Alloy steel AISI 4340 | 1230 to 1380 MPa | 1,230 to 1,380 | counted | condition: quenched and tempered to condition Y* (asterisked: typically ordered annealed for machining, then heat treated); heat treatment: harden 815 to 845 C, oil or polymer quench; temper 455 to 650 C for at least 2 h, air cool (recommended ranges) | ground | voestalpine |
| Alloy steel AISI 4340 | 1550 MPa | 1,550 | counted | condition: quenched and tempered to condition Z* (asterisked: typically ordered annealed for machining, then heat treated); heat treatment: harden 815 to 845 C, oil or polymer quench; temper 455 to 650 C for at least 2 h, air cool (recommended ranges) | ground | voestalpine |
| Alloy steel AISI 4340 | 744.6 MPa | 745 | counted | temperature: 25 C | ground | eFunda |
| Gray cast iron | 200 to 350 MPa | 200 to 350 | counted | grade: EN-GJL-250; temperature: 20.0 °C | ground | MfgRobots |
| Gray cast iron | 240 MPa | 240 | left out: test temperature 300 C, outside room temperature | grade: EN-GJL-250; temperature: 300.0 °C | ground | MfgRobots |
| Gray cast iron | 130 MPa | 130 | left out: test temperature 600 C, outside room temperature | grade: EN-GJL-250; temperature: 600.0 °C | ground | MfgRobots |
| Gray cast iron | 160 to 350 MPa | 160 to 350 | counted | grade: DIN EN-GJL-250 (EN-GJL-250); temperature: 0 to 30 °C (block heading) | ground | Total Materia |
| Gray cast iron | 22 ksi | 152 | counted | standard: ASTM A48 | ground | Wikipedia |
| Gray cast iron | 31 ksi | 214 | counted | standard: ASTM A48 | ground | Wikipedia |
| Gray cast iron | 57 ksi | 393 | counted | standard: ASTM A48 | ground | Wikipedia |
| Gray cast iron | 62.5 ksi | 431 | counted | standard: ASTM A48 | ground | Wikipedia |
| Gray cast iron | 20000 psi | 138 | counted | standard: ASTM A48 | ground | Align Manufacturing |
| Gray cast iron | 25000 psi | 172 | counted | standard: ASTM A48 | ground | Align Manufacturing |
| Gray cast iron | 30000 psi | 207 | counted | standard: ASTM A48 | ground | Align Manufacturing |
| Gray cast iron | 35000 psi | 241 | plotted | standard: ASTM A48 | ground | Align Manufacturing |
| Gray cast iron | 40000 psi | 276 | counted | standard: ASTM A48 | ground | Align Manufacturing |
| Gray cast iron | 50000 psi | 345 | counted | standard: ASTM A48 | ground | Align Manufacturing |
| Ductile iron | 60000 psi | 414 | counted | grade: 60-40-18; heat treatment: full ferritizing anneal (ASTM A536 summary); Daycounter says may be annealed; temperature: not stated | ground | Goldens' Guide to Ductile Iron |
| Ductile iron | 65000 psi | 448 | counted | grade: 65-45-12; heat treatment: as-cast (ASTM A536 summary); temperature: not stated | ground | Goldens' Guide to Ductile Iron |
| Ductile iron | 70000 psi | 483 | plotted | grade: 70-50-07; heat treatment: not stated in the fetched sources; temperature: not stated | ground | Goldens' Guide to Ductile Iron |
| Ductile iron | 80000 psi | 552 | counted | grade: 80-55-06; heat treatment: as-cast (ASTM A536 summary); temperature: not stated | ground | Goldens' Guide to Ductile Iron |
| Ductile iron | 80000 psi | 552 | counted | grade: 80-60-03; heat treatment: not stated in the fetched sources; temperature: not stated | ground | Goldens' Guide to Ductile Iron |
| Ductile iron | 100000 psi | 689 | counted | grade: 100-70-03; heat treatment: quench and temper, normalize and temper, or isothermal (ASTM A536 summary); Daycounter says usually normalized; temperature: not stated | ground | Goldens' Guide to Ductile Iron |
| Ductile iron | 120000 psi | 827 | counted | grade: 120-90-02; heat treatment: quench and temper, normalize and temper, or isothermal (ASTM A536 summary); Daycounter says quenched and tempered; temperature: not stated | ground | Goldens' Guide to Ductile Iron |
| Ductile iron | 350 MPa | 350 | counted | grade: EN-GJS-400-15; heat treatment: not stated on the page; temperature: not stated beside the value; the page's first temperature column is 0 to 30 °C | ground | Total Materia |
| Ductile iron | 400 N/mm2 | 400 | counted | grade: EN GJS 400-15 (SG iron); heat treatment: not stated | ground | West Yorkshire Steel |
| Stainless steel 304L | 485 MPa | 485 | plotted | form: plate, sheet and strip; temper: not stated | ground | ATI |
| Stainless steel 304L | 485 MPa | 485 | counted | product: ASTM A240 plate, sheet and strip, UNS S30403; heat treatment: solution annealing, printed under the Heat Treatment column | ground | ICAST |
| Stainless steel 304L | 586 MPa | 586 | counted | temper: not stated | ground | UPMET datasheet |
| Stainless steel 316 | 515 MPa | 515 | plotted | form: sheet, coil and bar (datasheet product standards AMS 5524, 5507, 5648); temper: not printed in this row (magnetic row of the same datasheet is labelled annealed); temperature: not printed | ground | United Performance Metals |
| Stainless steel 316 | 515 MPa | 515 | counted | form: plate, sheet and strip (ASTM A240, ASME SA-240); temper: not named on the page; temperature: not printed | ground | ATI |
| Stainless steel 316 | 480 to 620 MPa | 480 to 620 | counted | form: not stated; temper: not stated; temperature: not stated | ground | AZoM |
| Duplex stainless steel 2205 | 655 MPa | 655 | plotted | form: plate, sheet and strip (ASTM A240, UNS S32205); heat treatment: not printed on the page; temperature: not printed | ground | ATI |
| Duplex stainless steel 2205 | 655 MPa | 655 | counted | form: plate, sheet and strip (ASTM A240, UNS S32205); heat treatment: solution annealing (ICAST heat treatment column); temperature: not printed | ground | ICAST |
| Duplex stainless steel 2205 | 680 to 880 MPa | 680 to 880 | counted | form: seamless tube and pipe, wall up to 20 mm; heat treatment: solution annealed; temperature: 20 C | ground | Alleima |
| Duplex stainless steel 2205 | 965 MPa | 965 | counted | form: seamless tube and pipe, cold worked for oil and gas production; heat treatment: cold worked, no subsequent heat treatment; temperature: not printed | ground | Alleima |
| Stainless steel 430 | 65 ksi | 448 | counted | form: ASTM A240 sheet and strip basis (Combined Metals data sheet); temper: annealed (Min); temperature: room temperature (typical room temperature table) | ground | Combined Metals |
| Stainless steel 430 | 66 to 78 ksi | 455 to 538 | counted | form: sheet and strip, 0.04 to 0.115 in thick; temper: cold rolled and annealed (ATI footnote); temperature: room temperature (typical) | ground | ATI |
| Stainless steel 430 | 480 MPa | 480 | plotted | form: annealed, longitudinal test direction (datasheet); temper: annealed; temperature: not printed | ground | Deutsche Edelstahlwerke |
| Stainless steel 430 | 400 to 630 MPa | 400 to 630 | counted | form: bar up to 100 mm diameter or thickness (EN 10088-3:2005); temper: not printed; temperature: not printed | ground | Aalco |
| Stainless steel 430 | 315 MPa | 315 | left out: test temperature 500 C, outside room temperature | form: 430 and 430 DDQ (Macsteel data sheet); temper: not printed for this row; temperature: 500 C; test: short-time elevated temperature tensile strength | ground | Macsteel |
| 17-4 PH stainless steel | 1365 MPa | 1,365 | counted | condition: H900; form: bar, cold finished | ground | Carpenter Technology |
| 17-4 PH stainless steel | 1158 MPa | 1,158 | counted | condition: H1025; form: bar, cold finished | ground | Carpenter Technology |
| 17-4 PH stainless steel | 993 MPa | 993 | counted | condition: H1150; form: bar, cold finished | ground | Carpenter Technology |
| 17-4 PH stainless steel | 1030 MPa | 1,030 | counted | condition: Condition A; form: sheet, strip, plate and long products | ground | Jacquet Metal Service |
| 17-4 PH stainless steel | 1340 MPa | 1,340 | counted | condition: H900; form: sheet, strip, plate and long products | ground | Jacquet Metal Service |
| 17-4 PH stainless steel | 1000 MPa | 1,000 | counted | condition: H1150; form: sheet, strip, plate and long products | ground | Jacquet Metal Service |
| 17-4 PH stainless steel | 1310 MPa | 1,310 | counted | condition: H900; heat treatment: 480 C, 1 h, air cool; form: bar and shapes | ground | Austral Wright Metals |
| 17-4 PH stainless steel | 1070 MPa | 1,070 | plotted | condition: H1025; heat treatment: 550 C, 4 h, air cool; form: bar and shapes | ground | Austral Wright Metals |
| 17-4 PH stainless steel | 930 MPa | 930 | counted | condition: H1150; heat treatment: 620 C, 4 h, air cool; form: bar and shapes | ground | Austral Wright Metals |
| Aluminium | 48.95 MPa | 49 | counted | temperature: room temperature; purity: 99.95% to above 99.996% grades | calculated | AlumiPlate |
| Aluminium | 88 MPa | 88 | plotted | alloy: 1100-O; temper: O, annealed | ground | MakeItFrom.com |
| Aluminium | 245 to 310 MPa | 245 to 310 | counted | product form: battery cathode foil, gauge 10 to 15 µm; temper: H18/H19 (hard); product: Gränges FA5100, an AA1100 variant | ground | Gränges |
| Aluminium alloy 6061 | 310 MPa | 310 | plotted | temper: T6 and T651 (datasheet covers both); temperature: room temperature (not stated); product form: not stated | ground | ASM |
| Aluminium alloy 7075-T6 | 572 MPa | 572 | plotted | temper: T6; product form: tube and pipe | ground | Kaiser Aluminum |
| Copper | 179 to 262 MPa | 179 to 262 | plotted | grade: C10200 (Cu-OF); temper: soft; product form: strip, rolled product (Aurubis) | ground | Aurubis |
| Free-cutting brass C36000 | 330 MPa | 330 | counted | grade: C36000 (Fisk MA36B); temper: O60, annealed (soft); product form: round rod, mill limits 1.59 to 6.35 mm; measure: minimum | ground | Fisk Alloy |
| Free-cutting brass C36000 | 390 MPa | 390 | plotted | grade: C36000 (Fisk MA36B); temper: H02, half hard (1/2 hard); product form: round rod, mill limits 1.59 to 6.35 mm; measure: minimum | ground | Fisk Alloy |
| Free-cutting brass C36000 | 480 MPa | 480 | counted | grade: C36000 (Fisk MA36B); temper: H04, hard; product form: round rod, mill limits 4.77 to 6.35 mm; measure: minimum | ground | Fisk Alloy |
| Free-cutting brass C36000 | 395 MPa | 395 | counted | grade: C36000; temper: H02, 1/2 hard; product form: bar, diameter or distance between parallel surfaces 12.7 mm and under; measure: minimum | ground | Aviva Metals |
| Aluminium bronze C95400 | 586 MPa | 586 | counted | grade: C95400 (ASTM B505/B505M-23); heat treatment: as cast (standard sheet; the heat-treated grade has its own sheet, C95400HT); measure: minimum | ground | Wieland Concast |
| Aluminium bronze C95400 | 85000 psi | 586 | plotted | grade: C95400; heat treatment: as cast; measure: minimum | ground | Bunting Bearings |
| Aluminium bronze C95400 | 655 MPa | 655 | counted | grade: C95400HT (ASTM B505/B505M-23); heat treatment: heat treated (C95400HT sheet); measure: minimum | ground | Wieland Concast |
| Aluminium bronze C95400 | 95000 psi | 655 | counted | grade: C95400; heat treatment: heat treated; measure: minimum | ground | Bunting Bearings |
| Aluminium bronze C95400 | 515 MPa | 515 | counted | grade: C95400 (ASTM B148 sand casting); heat treatment: as cast or solution annealed or normalized (the sheet's heat-treatment column; minimums not split by route); measure: minimum | ground | iCast |
| Nickel | 380 to 520 MPa | 380 to 520 | plotted | form: cold-drawn annealed or hot-finished annealed rod and bar; temperature: room temperature (not stated) | ground | Special Metals |
| Inconel 718 | 201 ksi | 1,386 | counted | basis: room temperature, hot-rolled 0.625-in diameter bar, annealed 1800 F/1 hr and aged 1325 F/8 hr (typical, not a specification minimum) | ground | INCONEL alloy 718 datasheet |
| Inconel 718 | 164.5 ksi | 1,134 | plotted | basis: 1200 F, same bar and heat treatment | ground | INCONEL alloy 718 datasheet |
| Inconel 718 | 145.5 ksi | 1,003 | counted | basis: 1300 F, same bar and heat treatment | ground | INCONEL alloy 718 datasheet |
| Inconel 718 | 237 ksi | 1,634 | counted | basis: -320 F, hot-rolled 5/8-in diameter round, annealed 1800 F/1 hr and aged (a different test set from Table 22) | ground | INCONEL alloy 718 datasheet |
| Zinc and zinc alloys | 150 N/mm2 | 150 | counted | alloy: rolled titanium-zinc (NedZink; Zn 99.995 % base with small Cu, Ti and Al additions); condition: rolled sheet; product requirement (minimum); test: tensile strength Rm | ground | NedZink titanium zinc |
| Zinc and zinc alloys | 283 MPa | 283 | plotted | alloy: Zamak 3 (ASTM B86 AG40A; ZP3; UNS Z33521); condition: as-cast or aging (heat-treatment column of the sheet) | ground | ICAST |
| Zinc and zinc alloys | 328 MPa | 328 | counted | alloy: Zamak 5 (ASTM B86 AC41A; ZP5; UNS Z33531 as printed); condition: as-cast or aging (heat-treatment column of the sheet) | ground | ICAST |
| Zinc and zinc alloys | 221 to 374 MPa | 221 to 374 | counted | alloy: ZA-8 (ASTM B86 ZA-8; UNS Z35636; ZP8); condition: as-cast or aging (heat-treatment column of the sheet) | ground | ICAST |
| Magnesium alloy AZ31B | 290 MPa | 290 | plotted | temper: As Rolled (printed on the listing; not O or H24); product form: foil, film and sheet listing; temperature: not stated | ground | Goodfellow |
Specific heat of ferrous and non-ferrous profiles, J/(kg·K)
Ferrous median 460 J/(kg·K) (9 profiles, 419 to 500); non-ferrous median 427 J/(kg·K) (12 profiles, 129 to 1,001, from Gold to Magnesium alloy AZ31B). The lanes overlap from 419 to 500 J/(kg·K), and 3 of 12 non-ferrous profiles sit inside the ferrous range.
Hover or focus a dot to read its value, conditions and source. Circles are ferrous profiles, diamonds are non-ferrous; a thin line behind a dot runs from the lowest to the highest record of that profile.
| Lane | Profile | Value plotted, J/(kg·K) | Lowest to highest, J/(kg·K) | Records | Conditions of the plotted record | Source |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Ferrous | 17-4 PH stainless steel | 419 | 419 to 460 | 2 | condition: not split by condition in the table; temperature: 0 to 100 C (32 to 212 F) | Carpenter Technology |
| Ferrous | Carbon steel 1010 | 450 | 450 | 2 | processing: hot rolled; temperature: 23 °C | MfgRobots |
| Ferrous | Stainless steel 316 | 450 | 450 to 530 | 2 | form: sheet, coil and bar (datasheet product standards AMS 5524, 5507, 5648); temper: not printed in this row; temperature: 20 C | United Performance Metals |
| Ferrous | Stainless steel 430 | 460 | 460 | 1 | form: ATI 430 sheet (data sheet, typical); temper: not printed; temperature: 0 to 100 C | ATI |
| Ferrous | AISI D2 cold-work tool steel (EN 1.2379, X153CrMoV12) | 460 | 460 | 1 | heat treatment: hardened and tempered to 62 HRC (the sheet's state for physical data); temperature: 20 C (68 F) | Uddeholm |
| Ferrous | Carbon steel 1070 | 470 | 470 | 1 | temperature: not stated | Matmake |
| Ferrous | Duplex stainless steel 2205 | 480 | 400 to 480 | 2 | form: seamless tube and pipe (SAF 2205 datasheet); heat treatment: not printed; temperature: 20 C | Alleima |
| Ferrous | Carbon steel 1018 | 486 | 450 to 486 | 2 | processing: annealed; temperature: 100 °C or above | Elgin |
| Ferrous | Stainless steel 304L | 500 | 500 | 1 | temperature range: 0 to 100 C (32 to 212 F); basis: one table shared by ATI 302, 304, 304L and 305 | ATI |
| Non-ferrous | Gold | 129 | 129 | 1 | state: solid; temperature: not stated | Advent Research Materials |
| Non-ferrous | Tin | 213 | 213 | 1 | temperature: 25 °C; form: pellets, Sn 99.995 % | Goodfellow |
| Non-ferrous | Silver | 237 | 237 | 1 | material: bar, purity 99.95%; temperature: 25 degC | Goodfellow |
| Non-ferrous | Copper | 394 | 394 | 1 | grade: C10200 (Cu-OF); temperature: 20 °C | Aurubis |
| Non-ferrous | Zinc and zinc alloys | 419 | 419 to 435 | 3 | alloy: Zamak 3 (ZP3); condition: die-cast alloy; temperature: 20 to 100 °C | International Zinc Association |
| Non-ferrous | Aluminium bronze C95400 | 419 | 419 | 1 | grade: C95400; temperature: 293 K (20 °C) | Aviva Metals |
| Non-ferrous | Inconel 718 | 435 | 435 | 1 | basis: at 70 F (21 C); printed as 0.104 Btu/lb F | INCONEL alloy 718 datasheet |
| Non-ferrous | Nickel | 456 | 456 | 1 | grade: Nickel 200; temperature: not stated | Special Metals |
| Non-ferrous | Titanium alloy Ti-6Al-4V (Grade 5) | 526 | 526 | 1 | temperature: 20 degC | Ti-6Al-4V (Grade 5) titanium |
| Non-ferrous | Aluminium | 900 | 900 | 1 | alloy: 1100-O; temper: O, annealed; temperature: not stated | MakeItFrom.com |
| Non-ferrous | Aluminium alloy 7075-T6 | 962 | 960 to 962 | 2 | temperature: 100 °C; temper: not stated; product form: not stated in the tabular abstract | NASA |
| Non-ferrous | Magnesium alloy AZ31B | 1,001 | 1,001 | 1 | temperature: not stated | Goodfellow |
| Ferrous | Carbon steel 1045 | Not found in any source we hold | ||||
| Ferrous | ASTM A36 structural carbon steel | Not found in any source we hold | ||||
| Ferrous | Alloy steel AISI 4140 (chromium-molybdenum) | Not found in any source we hold | ||||
| Ferrous | Alloy steel AISI 4340 (nickel-chromium-molybdenum) | Not found in any source we hold | ||||
| Ferrous | Gray cast iron (flake graphite iron) | Not found in any source we hold | ||||
| Ferrous | Ductile iron (nodular iron, SG iron) | Not found in any source we hold | ||||
| Non-ferrous | Aluminium alloy 6061 | Not found in any source we hold | ||||
| Non-ferrous | Free-cutting brass C36000 | Not found in any source we hold | ||||
| Non-ferrous | Lead | Not found in any source we hold | ||||
| Non-ferrous | Tungsten | Not found in any source we hold | ||||
Every specific heat record behind this chart (31 records, including those left out)
| Profile | As printed | In J/(kg·K) | On chart | Conditions | Status | Source |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Carbon steel 1010 | 450 J/(kg·K) | 450 | plotted | processing: hot rolled; temperature: 23 °C | ground | MfgRobots |
| Carbon steel 1010 | 450 J/(kg·K) | 450 | counted | processing: cold drawn; temperature: 23 °C | ground | MfgRobots |
| Carbon steel 1018 | 0.486 J/g-°C | 486 | plotted | processing: annealed; temperature: 100 °C or above | ground | Elgin |
| Carbon steel 1018 | 450 J/(kg·K) | 450 | counted | processing: hot rolled; temperature: 23 °C | ground | MfgRobots |
| Carbon steel 1070 | 470 J/(kg·K) | 470 | plotted | temperature: not stated | ground | Matmake |
| Alloy steel AISI 4140 | 0.473 J/gK | 473 | left out: test temperature 200 to 200 C, outside room temperature | temperature: 150 to 200 C (302 to 392 F) | ground | Elgin |
| Gray cast iron | 460 J/(kg·K) | 460 | left out: test temperature 200 C, outside room temperature | grade: EN-GJL-250; temperature: 200.0 °C | ground | MfgRobots |
| Stainless steel 304L | 500 J/kg·K | 500 | plotted | temperature range: 0 to 100 C (32 to 212 F); basis: one table shared by ATI 302, 304, 304L and 305 | ground | ATI |
| Stainless steel 316 | 450 J/kg.K | 450 | plotted | form: sheet, coil and bar (datasheet product standards AMS 5524, 5507, 5648); temper: not printed in this row; temperature: 20 C | ground | United Performance Metals |
| Stainless steel 316 | 490 to 530 J/kg.K | 490 to 530 | counted | form: not stated; temper: not stated; temperature: not stated | ground | AZoM |
| Duplex stainless steel 2205 | 480 J/(kg °C) | 480 | plotted | form: seamless tube and pipe (SAF 2205 datasheet); heat treatment: not printed; temperature: 20 C | ground | Alleima |
| Duplex stainless steel 2205 | 400 J/kg.K | 400 | counted | form: not stated; heat treatment: not stated; temperature: 20 C | ground | Langley Alloys |
| Stainless steel 430 | 460 J/kg.K | 460 | plotted | form: ATI 430 sheet (data sheet, typical); temper: not printed; temperature: 0 to 100 C | ground | ATI |
| 17-4 PH stainless steel | 419 J/kg.K | 419 | plotted | condition: not split by condition in the table; temperature: 0 to 100 C (32 to 212 F) | ground | Carpenter Technology |
| 17-4 PH stainless steel | 460 J/kg.K | 460 | counted | condition: Condition A (annealed); temperature: 0 to 100 C (32 to 212 F) | ground | United Performance Metals |
| AISI D2 cold-work tool steel | 460 J/kg °C | 460 | plotted | heat treatment: hardened and tempered to 62 HRC (the sheet's state for physical data); temperature: 20 C (68 F) | ground | Uddeholm |
| Aluminium | 900 J/(kg·K) | 900 | plotted | alloy: 1100-O; temper: O, annealed; temperature: not stated | ground | MakeItFrom.com |
| Aluminium alloy 7075-T6 | 960 J/kg·K | 960 | counted | temperature: 100 °C; product form: tube and pipe alloy | ground | Kaiser Aluminum |
| Aluminium alloy 7075-T6 | 0.23 cal/g·°C | 962 | plotted | temperature: 100 °C; temper: not stated; product form: not stated in the tabular abstract | ground | NASA |
| Copper | 0.394 kJ/(kg·K) | 394 | plotted | grade: C10200 (Cu-OF); temperature: 20 °C | ground | Aurubis |
| Aluminium bronze C95400 | 419 J/(kg·K) | 419 | plotted | grade: C95400; temperature: 293 K (20 °C) | ground | Aviva Metals |
| Titanium alloy Ti-6Al-4V | 0.526 J/(g K) | 526 | plotted | temperature: 20 degC | ground | Ti-6Al-4V (Grade 5) titanium |
| Nickel | 456 J/(kg·K) | 456 | plotted | grade: Nickel 200; temperature: not stated | ground | Special Metals |
| Inconel 718 | 435 J/kg °C | 435 | plotted | basis: at 70 F (21 C); printed as 0.104 Btu/lb F | ground | INCONEL alloy 718 datasheet |
| Zinc and zinc alloys | 418.7 J/(kg·K) | 419 | plotted | alloy: Zamak 3 (ZP3); condition: die-cast alloy; temperature: 20 to 100 °C | ground | International Zinc Association |
| Zinc and zinc alloys | 418.7 J/(kg·K) | 419 | counted | alloy: Zamak 5 (ZP5); condition: die-cast alloy; temperature: 20 to 100 °C | ground | International Zinc Association |
| Zinc and zinc alloys | 435.4 J/(kg·K) | 435 | counted | alloy: ZA-8 (ZP8); condition: die-cast alloy; temperature: 20 to 100 °C | ground | International Zinc Association |
| Magnesium alloy AZ31B | 1001 J/(kg·K) | 1,001 | plotted | temperature: not stated | ground | Goodfellow |
| Tin | 213 J/(kg·K) | 213 | plotted | temperature: 25 °C; form: pellets, Sn 99.995 % | ground | Goodfellow |
| Silver | 237 J/(K kg) | 237 | plotted | material: bar, purity 99.95%; temperature: 25 degC | ground | Goodfellow |
| Gold | 129.1 J/(kg K) | 129 | plotted | state: solid; temperature: not stated | ground | Advent Research Materials |
Can you tell if a metal is ferrous from its formula?
Usually yes: all 15 ferrous profiles give iron as the balance in their formula text, and 15 of 16 non-ferrous profiles do not. The exception is Inconel 718, whose formula ends in a balance of iron although nickel is the main element. Try the card below: place each profile in a lane, then read the formula text that decides it.
Card 1 of 31
All 31 profiles with their lane, collection and formula text (the table version of the card)
| Lane | Profile | Designations | Family collection | Iron given as the balance? | Formula text (start) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Ferrous | Carbon steel 1010 | UNS G10100; AISI 1010 | Carbon and alloy steels | yes | Fe balance; 0.08 to 0.13 C, 0.30 to 0.60 Mn, max 0.04 P, max 0.05 S (wt%) |
| Ferrous | Carbon steel 1018 | UNS G10180; AISI 1018; SAE 1018; EN 1.0453 | Carbon and alloy steels | yes | Fe balance; 0.14 to 0.20 C, 0.60 to 0.90 Mn, max 0.040 P, max 0.050 S (wt%) |
| Ferrous | Carbon steel 1045 | UNS G10450; AISI 1045; SAE 1045 | Carbon and alloy steels | yes | Fe balance; 0.43 to 0.50 C, 0.60 to 0.90 Mn, max 0.040 P, max 0.050 S, max 0.100 Si (wt%) |
| Ferrous | Carbon steel 1070 | UNS G10700; AISI 1070; SAE 1070; EN 1.1231 | Carbon and alloy steels | yes | Iron with 0.65 to 0.75 % C, 0.60 to 0.90 % Mn, max 0.040 % P, max 0.050 % S and max 0.100 % Si (wt %) |
| Ferrous | ASTM A36 structural carbon steel | UNS K02600 | Carbon and alloy steels | yes | Fe balance; C 0.26, Si 0.40, Mn 1.03, P 0.04, S 0.05, Cu 0.20 maximum (wt%, shapes; Wikipedia table, Fe 98.0 as printed). Flanges over 3 in need Mn 0.85 to 1.35 and Si... |
| Ferrous | Alloy steel AISI 4140 (chromium-molybdenum) | UNS G41400; AISI 4140; SAE 4140; EN 1.7225 | Carbon and alloy steels | yes | Fe balance; 0.38 to 0.43 C, 0.75 to 1.00 Mn, 0.15 to 0.35 Si, 0.80 to 1.10 Cr, 0.15 to 0.25 Mo, 0.035 max P, 0.040 max S (wt%, ASTM A29 limits as printed in Table 1.1.1... |
| Ferrous | Alloy steel AISI 4340 (nickel-chromium-molybdenum) | UNS G43400; AISI 4340; SAE 4340 | Carbon and alloy steels | yes | Fe balance; 0.38 to 0.43 C, 0.60 to 0.80 Mn, 0.15 to 0.30 Si, 0.70 to 0.90 Cr, 1.65 to 2.00 Ni, 0.20 to 0.30 Mo, 0.035 max P, 0.04 max S (wt%, composition ranges as... |
| Ferrous | Gray cast iron (flake graphite iron) | EN 5.1203 | Cast irons | yes | Iron with 2.5 to 4.0 wt% carbon, mostly as flake graphite, 1 to 3 wt% silicon, below 1.0 wt% manganese, and the balance iron; graphite may take 6 to 10 percent of the... |
| Ferrous | Ductile iron (nodular iron, SG iron) | SAE J434B; EN 0.7040 | Cast irons | yes | Fe balance; 3.55 to 3.65 C, 2.30 to 2.70 Si, 0.030 to 0.045 Mg, 0.008 to 0.015 S, max 0.050 P (wt%, all grades); Mn 0.40 max or 0.40 to 0.60, Cu below 0.30 to 0.80, Ni... |
| Ferrous | Stainless steel 304L | UNS S30403; AISI 304L; EN 1.4307 | Stainless steels | yes | Fe balance; 18.0 to 20.0 Cr, 8.0 to 12.0 Ni, max 0.030 C, max 2.00 Mn, max 0.75 Si, max 0.045 P, max 0.030 S, max 0.10 N (wt%). ATI prints 17.5 to 19.5 Cr for the same... |
| Ferrous | Stainless steel 316 | UNS S31600; EN 1.4401 | Stainless steels | yes | Fe balance, 16 to 18 Cr, 10 to 14 Ni, 2 to 3 Mo, max 0.08 C, 2 Mn, 0.75 Si, 0.045 P, 0.03 S, 0.10 N (wt%) |
| Ferrous | Duplex stainless steel 2205 | UNS S32205; EN 1.4462 | Stainless steels | yes | Fe balance, 22.0 to 23.0 Cr, 4.5 to 6.5 Ni, 3.0 to 3.5 Mo, 0.14 to 0.20 N, max 0.030 C, max 2.0 Mn, max 1.0 Si, max 0.030 P, max 0.020 S (wt%, ASTM A240 UNS S32205) |
| Ferrous | Stainless steel 430 | UNS S43000; AISI 430; EN 1.4016 | Stainless steels | yes | Fe balance; 16.0 to 18.0 Cr; max 0.12 C, 1.00 Mn, 1.00 Si, 0.75 Ni, 0.040 P, 0.030 S (wt%, ASTM A240 limits); molybdenum max 0.50 (ATI typical analysis) |
| Ferrous | 17-4 PH stainless steel | UNS S17400; AISI 630; EN 1.4542 | Stainless steels | yes | Fe balance, 15.0 to 17.5 Cr, 3.0 to 5.0 Ni, 3.0 to 5.0 Cu, 0.15 to 0.45 Nb plus Ta, max 0.070 C, max 1.00 Mn, max 1.00 Si, max 0.040 P, max 0.030 S (wt%) |
| Ferrous | AISI D2 cold-work tool steel (EN 1.2379, X153CrMoV12) | UNS T30402; AISI D2; EN 1.2379 | Tool steels | yes | Fe balance; 1.40 to 1.60 C, 0.10 to 0.60 Si, 0.10 to 0.60 Mn, 11.00 to 13.00 Cr, 0.70 to 1.20 Mo, 0.50 to 1.10 V, 0.00 to 0.03 P, 0.00 to 0.03 S (wt%, composition ranges... |
| Non-ferrous | Aluminium | Al | Aluminium | no | Al (element); CAS 7429-90-5; PubChem CID 5359268 |
| Non-ferrous | Aluminium alloy 6061 | UNS A96061; EN 3.3211 | Aluminium | no | Al-Mg-Si alloy; composition limits in wt%: Al 95.8 to 98.6 (remainder), Mg 0.8 to 1.2, Si 0.4 to 0.8, Cu 0.15 to 0.4, Cr 0.04 to 0.35, Fe max 0.7, Zn max 0.25, Mn max... |
| Non-ferrous | Aluminium alloy 7075-T6 | UNS A97075 | Aluminium | no | Wrought Al-Zn-Mg-Cu-Cr alloy; nominal composition by weight: Al balance, Zn 5.6%, Mg 2.5%, Cu 1.6%, Cr 0.3% |
| Non-ferrous | Copper | Cu | Copper alloys | no | Cu (element, atomic number 29); commercially pure grade C10200 oxygen-free copper, Cu 99.95 % minimum, O2 10 ppm maximum |
| Non-ferrous | Free-cutting brass C36000 | UNS C36000 | Copper alloys | no | CuZn36Pb3, UNS C36000: copper 60.0 to 63.0 wt%, lead 2.5 to 3.0 wt%, iron 0.35 wt% maximum, zinc remainder |
| Non-ferrous | Aluminium bronze C95400 | UNS C95400; SAE J461 | Copper alloys | no | Cu-Al-Fe casting alloy, UNS C95400: copper 83.00 min, aluminium 10.00 to 11.50, iron 3.00 to 5.00, nickel 1.50 max (includes cobalt), manganese 0.50 max (wt %, ASTM B505... |
| Non-ferrous | Titanium alloy Ti-6Al-4V (Grade 5) | UNS R56400; EN 3.7165 | Titanium | no | Ti-6Al-4V: titanium with about 6 wt % aluminium and 4 wt % vanadium (alpha-beta alloy); nominal composition, no fixed chemical formula |
| Non-ferrous | Nickel | Ni | Nickel alloys | no | Ni |
| Non-ferrous | Inconel 718 | UNS N07718; EN 2.4668 | Nickel alloys | yes | Nickel-chromium-iron superalloy: 50.00 to 55.00 Ni (plus Co), 17.00 to 21.00 Cr, 4.75 to 5.50 Nb (plus Ta), 2.80 to 3.30 Mo, 0.65 to 1.15 Ti, 0.20 to 0.80 Al, balance Fe... |
| Non-ferrous | Zinc and zinc alloys | UNS Z33521; EN 988 | Zinc | no | Zn (element; CAS 7440-66-6). Zamak 3, ASTM B86 AG40A (weight %): Al 3.7 to 4.3, Mg 0.02 to 0.06, Cu 0.1 max, Fe 0.05 max, Pb 0.005 max, Cd 0.004 max, Sn 0.002 max, Zn... |
| Non-ferrous | Magnesium alloy AZ31B | UNS M11311 | Magnesium | no | Wrought Mg-Al-Zn alloy: Al 2.5 to 3.5 wt%, Zn 0.7 to 1.3 wt%, Mn 0.2 min, Si max 0.05, Cu max 0.05, Ca max 0.04, Fe max 0.005, Ni max 0.005, other max 0.30 total, Mg... |
| Non-ferrous | Lead | Pb | Low-melting metals (lead, tin) | no | Pb |
| Non-ferrous | Tin | Sn | Low-melting metals (lead, tin) | no | Sn (element, atomic number 50); high-purity pellet grade Sn 99.995 % (4N5) |
| Non-ferrous | Silver | Ag | Precious metals | no | Ag |
| Non-ferrous | Gold | Au | Precious metals | no | Au |
| Non-ferrous | Tungsten | W | Refractory metals | no | W |
Are ferrous metals heavier than non-ferrous metals?
No. Ferrous profiles span 7.2 to 8.03 g/cm3 (median 7.85, 13 profiles). Non-ferrous profiles span Magnesium alloy AZ31B 1.8 g/cm3 (per Goodfellow) to Gold 19.3 g/cm3 (per Advent Research Materials), with a median of 7.84 g/cm3 across 16 profiles. 2 of 16 non-ferrous profiles sit inside the ferrous range, so density alone does not separate the groups.
The lightest ferrous profile is Gray cast iron 7.2 g/cm3 (per MfgRobots), record conditions: grade: EN-GJL-250; temperature: 20.0 °C. The heaviest is Stainless steel 316 8.03 g/cm3 (per United Performance Metals), record conditions: form: sheet, coil and bar (datasheet product standards AMS 5524, 5507, 5648); temper: not printed in this row; temperature: not printed. Non-ferrous metals are both much lighter (aluminium, magnesium, titanium) and much heavier (lead, silver, gold, tungsten) than steel, which is why "non-ferrous" says nothing about weight by itself. Density is not found in any source we hold for Carbon steel 1045 and Ductile iron.
Which melts at a higher temperature, ferrous or non-ferrous metal?
Non-ferrous metals span a far wider melting range. The 6 ferrous profiles that hold a melting point lie between 1,410 and 1,503 °C (median 1,419), while 15 non-ferrous profiles run from Tin 232 °C (per PubChem) to Tungsten 3,422 °C (per ITIA), with a median of 962 °C. A melting point is not found in any source we hold for 9 of 15 ferrous profiles.
Alloys melt over a range, and several sources print only that range, so the chart plots its midpoint: Carbon steel 1018 is plotted at 1,503 °C, the midpoint of 1480 to 1526 °C printed (per MfgRobots; record conditions: processing: hot rolled). 1 of 15 non-ferrous profile sits inside the ferrous range. Melting point is not found in any source we hold for these ferrous profiles: Carbon steel 1010, Carbon steel 1045, Carbon steel 1070, ASTM A36 structural carbon steel, Alloy steel AISI 4140, Alloy steel AISI 4340, Gray cast iron, Ductile iron and AISI D2 cold-work tool steel.
Which conducts heat and electricity better, ferrous or non-ferrous metal?
Non-ferrous profiles conduct heat and electricity better at the median, but not every one. Median thermal conductivity is 116 W/(m·K) for non-ferrous and 33.2 for ferrous profiles; median electrical resistivity is 6.02 µΩ·cm against 72 (lower resistivity conducts better). Titanium alloy Ti-6Al-4V conducts heat at only 6.7 W/(m·K) (per Ti-6Al-4V (Grade 5) titanium), less than Duplex stainless steel 2205 at 14.
The best heat conductor is Silver 429 W/(m·K) (per Goodfellow), record conditions: material: bar, purity 99.95%; temperature: 0 to 100 degC. The best ferrous profile is Carbon steel 1010 64.2 W/(m·K) (per Total Materia), record conditions: processing: form not stated; temperature: 0 to 30 °C. The lowest electrical resistivity is Silver 1.63 µΩ·cm (per Goodfellow) and the lowest ferrous value is ASTM A36 structural carbon steel 14.2 µΩ·cm (per Wikipedia). Missing values are not filled. Thermal conductivity is not found in any source we hold for these profiles (ferrous: Carbon steel 1045, ASTM A36 structural carbon steel, Alloy steel AISI 4340, Ductile iron and 17-4 PH stainless steel; non-ferrous: Zinc and zinc alloys). Electrical resistivity is not found for these (ferrous: Carbon steel 1010, Carbon steel 1045, Carbon steel 1070, Alloy steel AISI 4140, Alloy steel AISI 4340, Gray cast iron, Ductile iron and AISI D2 cold-work tool steel; non-ferrous: Copper, Titanium alloy Ti-6Al-4V, Zinc and zinc alloys and Magnesium alloy AZ31B).
Which is stronger and stiffer, ferrous or non-ferrous metal?
Neither lane is simply stronger or stiffer. Median yield strength is 375 MPa for 14 ferrous profiles and 221 MPa for 10 non-ferrous profiles, but the ranges overlap widely, from 29 MPa for Aluminium to 1,179 MPa for Inconel 718. Median elastic modulus is 200 GPa ferrous and 78 GPa non-ferrous.
Yield strength depends on temper and form, so the lane medians mix conditions and should be read as a rough guide only. The strongest ferrous record is 17-4 PH stainless steel 1,000 MPa (per Austral Wright Metals), record conditions: condition: H1025; heat treatment: 550 C, 4 h, air cool; form: bar and shapes. The strongest non-ferrous record is Inconel 718 1,179 MPa (per INCONEL alloy 718 datasheet), record conditions: basis: 0.2 percent offset, room temperature, same bar as the row above. The stiffest profile of all is Tungsten 411 GPa (per WebElements); the least stiff ferrous profile is Gray cast iron 111 GPa (per MfgRobots). Tensile strength follows the same overlap: 7 of 10 non-ferrous profiles lie inside the ferrous range.
Is stainless steel ferrous or non-ferrous?
Stainless steel is ferrous. The formulas of all 5 stainless steel profiles here state iron as the balance, so the base metal is iron even though the alloy resists corrosion better than plain steel. Their formulas add chromium: the Stainless steel 304L formula lists 18.0 to 20.0 Cr and the Stainless steel 430 formula 16.0 to 18.0 Cr, in wt%.
| Property, unit | Stainless steels (5 profiles) | Carbon and alloy steels (7 profiles) |
|---|---|---|
| Density, g/cm3 | 7.82 (7.74 to 8.03) | 7.86 (7.8 to 7.9) |
| Thermal conductivity, W/(m·K) | 15.7 (14 to 23.9) | 54.5 (42.6 to 64.2) |
| Electrical resistivity, µΩ·cm | 74 (60 to 98) | 15.1 (14.2 to 15.9) |
The usual explanation is that chromium forms a thin protective surface film, and that most austenitic stainless grades are not attracted to a magnet while ferritic grades such as Stainless steel 430 are (general engineering knowledge, not in our data; the database holds no magnetism record for stainless steel). Because stainless steel keeps iron as its base, it sits in the ferrous lane: Stainless steel 304L, Stainless steel 316, Duplex stainless steel 2205, Stainless steel 430 and 17-4 PH stainless steel.
Is magnetism a test for ferrous metals?
No. Magnetism does not define the group, and our data holds a Curie temperature (the temperature above which a metal loses ferromagnetism) for only 3 of 31 profiles. Nickel (Nickel 200, non-ferrous) prints 360 °C (Special Metals), so it is ferromagnetic below that; Inconel 718 prints -112 °C, so it is not at room temperature; carbon steel 1018 prints 770 °C (hot rolled).
| Profile | Lane | Curie temperature, °C | Conditions | Source |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Carbon steel 1018 | Ferrous | 770 | processing: hot rolled | MfgRobots |
| Nickel | Non-ferrous | 360 | grade: Nickel 200; above this temperature the metal loses its ferromagnetism | Special Metals |
| Inconel 718 | Non-ferrous | -112 | basis: annealed and aged material (printed as -170 F) | INCONEL alloy 718 datasheet |
The common rule that iron-based metals are attracted by a magnet is general engineering knowledge, not in our data, and the table shows why it is only a rough guide. No magnetism benchmark beyond Curie temperature is held for any profile in this selection.
What are the main types of metal?
Metals are first split into ferrous and non-ferrous, then into alloy families. This page groups 15 ferrous profiles into 4 families and 16 non-ferrous profiles into 9, using the family collections in the Space Mushroom database. The table gives each family's median density and melting point where profiles hold them.
| Lane | Family | Profiles | Density, g/cm3 | Melting point, °C | Thermal conductivity, W/(m·K) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Ferrous | Carbon and alloy steels | Carbon steel 1010, Carbon steel 1018, Carbon steel 1045, Carbon steel 1070, ASTM A36 structural carbon steel, Alloy steel AISI 4140, Alloy steel AISI 4340 | 7.86 (7.8 to 7.9) | 1,503 | 54.5 (42.6 to 64.2) |
| Ferrous | Cast irons | Gray cast iron, Ductile iron | 7.2 | not found in any source we hold | 50 |
| Ferrous | Stainless steels | Stainless steel 304L, Stainless steel 316, Duplex stainless steel 2205, Stainless steel 430, 17-4 PH stainless steel | 7.82 (7.74 to 8.03) | 1,415 (1,410 to 1,468) | 15.7 (14 to 23.9) |
| Ferrous | Tool steels | AISI D2 cold-work tool steel | 7.85 | not found in any source we hold | 20 |
| Non-ferrous | Aluminium | Aluminium, Aluminium alloy 6061, Aluminium alloy 7075-T6 | 2.7 (2.7 to 2.8) | 622 (584 to 660) | 167 (130 to 220) |
| Non-ferrous | Copper alloys | Copper, Free-cutting brass C36000, Aluminium bronze C95400 | 8.5 (7.45 to 8.9) | 1,027 (954 to 1,083) | 116 (58.7 to 391) |
| Non-ferrous | Titanium | Titanium alloy Ti-6Al-4V | 4.43 | 1,632 | 6.7 |
| Non-ferrous | Nickel alloys | Nickel, Inconel 718 | 8.56 (8.22 to 8.91) | 1,377 (1,298 to 1,455) | 40.8 (11.4 to 70.3) |
| Non-ferrous | Zinc | Zinc and zinc alloys | 6.76 | 390 | not found in any source we hold |
| Non-ferrous | Magnesium | Magnesium alloy AZ31B | 1.8 | 618 | 96 |
| Non-ferrous | Low-melting metals (lead, tin) | Lead, Tin | 9.3 (7.26 to 11.34) | 280 (232 to 328) | 50.8 (35 to 66.6) |
| Non-ferrous | Precious metals | Silver, Gold | 14.9 (10.5 to 19.3) | 1,013 (962 to 1,065) | 374.5 (320 to 429) |
| Non-ferrous | Refractory metals | Tungsten | 19.25 | 3,422 | 174 |
Aluminium, magnesium and titanium alloys are the light structural metals; copper, nickel and zinc alloys are the common base metals; gold and silver are precious metals; tungsten is a refractory metal, one with a very high melting point (general engineering grouping, not in our data). The tables give the numbers; the family collections hold the full lists: carbon and alloy steels, cast irons, stainless steels, tool steels, aluminium alloys, copper alloys, titanium alloys, nickel alloys, magnesium alloys, precious metals, refractory metals, low-melting metals.
When should you choose a non-ferrous metal instead of steel?
Choose a non-ferrous metal when weight, heat flow, electrical flow or melting temperature matters most; choose a ferrous metal when stiffness matters most. In our data the lightest non-ferrous profile is Magnesium alloy AZ31B 1.8 g/cm3 (per Goodfellow), the best heat conductor Silver 429 W/(m·K) (per Goodfellow), and the highest melting point Tungsten 3,422 °C (per ITIA). Steels lead only on median stiffness.
| Need | Lane that leads | Evidence from the profiles |
|---|---|---|
| Low weight | Non-ferrous | Magnesium alloy AZ31B 1.8 g/cm3 (per Goodfellow) and Aluminium alloy 6061 2.7 g/cm3 (per ASM) against a ferrous range of 7.2 to 8.03 g/cm3. |
| Heat flow | Non-ferrous | Silver 429 W/(m·K) (per Goodfellow); the best ferrous profile is Carbon steel 1010 64.2 W/(m·K) (per Total Materia). |
| Electrical flow | Non-ferrous | Silver 1.63 µΩ·cm (per Goodfellow) (µΩ·cm, lower is better); the best ferrous profile is ASTM A36 structural carbon steel 14.2 µΩ·cm (per Wikipedia). |
| Highest melting point | Non-ferrous | Tungsten 3,422 °C (per ITIA); the highest ferrous profile is Carbon steel 1018 1,503 °C (per MfgRobots). |
| Stiffness (median) | Ferrous | Median elastic modulus 200 GPa against 78 GPa, though Tungsten 411 GPa (per WebElements) is stiffer than every ferrous profile (highest 210 GPa). |
| Strength | Neither | Yield strength overlaps from 170 to 1,000 MPa; temper, not lane, decides. |
Price, availability, weldability and corrosion rates are not compared here: the database holds no consistent cost or corrosion-rate record for this selection, so those questions are not answered. Rust is iron oxide, which is why non-ferrous metals do not rust, though they can corrode in other ways (general engineering knowledge, not in our data).
What does the data on ferrous and non-ferrous metals not cover?
A pure iron profile exists in the database but is not part of this selection, and no magnetism benchmark beyond Curie temperature, which 3 of 31 profiles hold. Of 8 properties, the one with the most gaps is electrical resistivity, with 12 of 31 profiles missing. Every gap below is left blank and reads "not found in any source we hold".
- Density: not found in any source we hold for ferrous: Carbon steel 1045 and Ductile iron; non-ferrous: none.
- Melting point: not found in any source we hold for ferrous: Carbon steel 1010, Carbon steel 1045, Carbon steel 1070, ASTM A36 structural carbon steel, Alloy steel AISI 4140, Alloy steel AISI 4340, Gray cast iron, Ductile iron and AISI D2 cold-work tool steel; non-ferrous: Aluminium alloy 6061.
- Thermal conductivity: not found in any source we hold for ferrous: Carbon steel 1045, ASTM A36 structural carbon steel, Alloy steel AISI 4340, Ductile iron and 17-4 PH stainless steel; non-ferrous: Zinc and zinc alloys.
- Electrical resistivity: not found in any source we hold for ferrous: Carbon steel 1010, Carbon steel 1045, Carbon steel 1070, Alloy steel AISI 4140, Alloy steel AISI 4340, Gray cast iron, Ductile iron and AISI D2 cold-work tool steel; non-ferrous: Copper, Titanium alloy Ti-6Al-4V, Zinc and zinc alloys and Magnesium alloy AZ31B.
- Elastic modulus: not found in any source we hold for ferrous: none; non-ferrous: Free-cutting brass C36000, Zinc and zinc alloys and Silver.
- Yield strength: not found in any source we hold for ferrous: AISI D2 cold-work tool steel; non-ferrous: Magnesium alloy AZ31B, Lead, Tin, Silver, Gold and Tungsten.
- Tensile strength: not found in any source we hold for ferrous: AISI D2 cold-work tool steel; non-ferrous: Titanium alloy Ti-6Al-4V, Lead, Tin, Silver, Gold and Tungsten.
- Specific heat: not found in any source we hold for ferrous: Carbon steel 1045, ASTM A36 structural carbon steel, Alloy steel AISI 4140, Alloy steel AISI 4340, Gray cast iron and Ductile iron; non-ferrous: Aluminium alloy 6061, Free-cutting brass C36000, Lead and Tungsten.
- One record per profile. The chart plots one sourced record per profile; the lowest and highest records are in the tables, and the full list, including records left out for temperature or a unit that could not be converted, is in the CSV.
- A selection, not the whole database. 15 ferrous and 16 non-ferrous profiles were chosen to cover each alloy class; the lane medians describe this selection and would change with a different one.
- Mixed conditions. Yield and tensile strengths, melting ranges and conductivities were measured on different tempers, forms and purities; the conditions column of each table says which. The values should not be treated as one standardised test.
- Classification. The lane of each profile is assigned by this page from its family and formula text; the definitions of ferrous and non-ferrous are general engineering knowledge, not in our data.
Questions people ask about ferrous and non-ferrous metals
What is the difference between ferrous and non-ferrous metals?
Ferrous metals have iron as the base metal, and non-ferrous metals have a different base metal such as aluminium, copper or nickel (general engineering definition, not in our data). In 31 Space Mushroom profiles, all 15 ferrous formulas state iron as the balance. The measured properties overlap: for density, ferrous profiles span 7.2 to 8.03 g/cm3 and non-ferrous 1.8 to 19.3 g/cm3.
Is stainless steel ferrous or non-ferrous?
Stainless steel is ferrous because iron is its base metal. All 5 stainless steel profiles in this selection give iron as the balance in their formula text, with chromium at 18.0 to 20.0 wt% in Stainless steel 304L. Stainless steel conducts heat worse than carbon steel in our data: median 15.7 W/(m·K) against 54.5 W/(m·K) for carbon and alloy steels.
Is aluminium ferrous or non-ferrous?
Aluminium is non-ferrous because its base metal is aluminium, not iron. Aluminium alloy 6061 prints a density of 2.7 g/cm3 (temper: T6 and T651; temperature: room temperature (not stated); per ASM), about a third of the ferrous median of 7.85 g/cm3. Aluminium alloys also have no iron balance in their formula text, for example Al balance in Aluminium alloy 7075-T6.
Is cast iron ferrous?
Yes, cast iron is ferrous. The formula text of Gray cast iron (flake graphite iron) reads iron with 2.5 to 4.0 wt% carbon, and the balance iron. Its density is 7.2 g/cm3 (grade: EN-GJL-250; temperature: 20.0 °C; per MfgRobots) and its yield strength 197 MPa (grade: EN-GJL-250; temperature: 20.0 °C; per MfgRobots).
Are brass and bronze ferrous?
No, brass and bronze are non-ferrous because copper is the base metal. The formula text of Free-cutting brass C36000 lists copper 60.0 to 63.0 wt% with iron at 0.35 wt% maximum, and Aluminium bronze C95400 lists iron at 3.00 to 5.00, so a small iron content does not make an alloy ferrous. Densities are 8.5 and 7.45 g/cm3.
Is Inconel ferrous or non-ferrous?
Inconel 718 is classed as non-ferrous because nickel is its principal element (general engineering classification, not in our data). Its formula text lists 50.00 to 55.00 Ni (plus Co) and ends in balance Fe, so a rule that only looks for iron as the balance would misplace it. Its Curie temperature is -112 °C (INCONEL alloy 718 datasheet), so it is not ferromagnetic at room temperature.
Is magnetism a reliable test for ferrous metals?
No. Nickel 200, a non-ferrous metal, prints a Curie temperature of 360 °C (Special Metals), so it is ferromagnetic below that temperature. Carbon steel 1018 prints 770 °C (hot rolled, MfgRobots). Only 3 of 31 profiles hold a Curie temperature, so the test is not found in any source we hold for the other 28.
Which metal conducts electricity best?
Silver has the lowest electrical resistivity in our selection: 1.63 µΩ·cm (material: bar, purity 99.95%; temperature: 20 degC; per Goodfellow), ahead of gold at 2.2 µΩ·cm and aluminium at 2.65 µΩ·cm. Electrical resistivity of copper is not found in any source we hold. The best ferrous profile is ASTM A36 structural carbon steel at 14.2 µΩ·cm.
Related on Space Mushroom
- Density of steel and stainless steel, with a weight calculator
- Melting point of steel and stainless steel, grade by grade
- Modulus of elasticity of steel: why every steel is about as stiff
- Density of aluminium alloys by series, and how much weight you save over steel
- Density and hardness of copper alloys
- Stainless steel for seawater: 316, 2205 or 2507?
- Tensile strength of common engineering materials, ranked
- Which stainless steel to choose
- Which aluminium alloy to choose
- Stainless steel vs carbon steel
- Steel vs aluminium
- Titanium vs steel
How this was made
Each metal is a profile in the Space Mushroom database. The profiles are drafted by AI assistants from the cited pages, and a script checks that every value appears in the source it cites; each profile page lists its sources. Every number on this page is read from 427 records in those profiles or computed from them when the page is built, with units converted only where the conversion is exact. Records from temperatures outside −20 °C to 100 °C and predictions are left out of the charts. The CSV lists every record, including the ones left out and the reason.
Data checked 2 November 2026. Next review when a profile in the selection changes.
How to cite: Space Mushroom, "Ferrous vs non-ferrous metals: the difference, with the data", https://spacemushroom.com/articles/ferrous-vs-non-ferrous-metals/, data checked 2 November 2026.