Titanium alloys

titanium-alloys

11 materials across 1 types

About titanium alloys

Titanium alloys (grade 2, Ti-6Al-4V): strength, density and corrosion data with sources.

Titanium combines low density with high strength and strong corrosion resistance. Commercially pure grades are softer and more formable; Ti-6Al-4V is the standard high-strength alloy.

At a glance

Highest yield strength: Minor titanium alloys, Ti-Mo, Ti-V, Ti-Fe, Ti-Si reaches 1,282 MPa. Lowest: Commercially pure titanium with palladium, Grade 11 (UNS R52250) starts at 138 MPa. (11 of 11 grades have a sourced value.)
Highest tensile strength: Minor titanium alloys, Ti-Mo, Ti-V, Ti-Fe, Ti-Si reaches 1,300 MPa. Lowest: Commercially pure titanium with palladium, Grade 11 (UNS R52250) starts at 240 MPa. (10 of 11 grades have a sourced value.)

Ranges run across the conditions each source reports (temper, heat treatment, form), measured at room temperature where the source says so.

How they compare

The same measurements for every material in the collection. A range means the grade has values under several conditions; "at least" means the source gives a specified minimum. "no data" means no sourced value yet. For ranked tables, open a benchmark.

Titanium alloys: how the grades compare
Material	Yield strength	Tensile strength	Density	Young's modulus	Thermal conductivity	Melting point
Commercially pure titanium, Grade 2 (UNS R50400)corrosion-resistant unalloyed metal	275 to 352 MPa	345 to 483 MPa	4.51 g/cm³	103 GPa	22 W/(m·K)	no data
Ti-6Al-4Vstructural alloy	830 to 1,100 MPa	no data	4.43 g/cm³	114 GPa	6.7 W/(m·K)	1,604 to 1,660 °C
Titanium alloy Ti-6Al-4V ELI (Grade 23)structural alloy	759 to 908 MPa	828 to 953 MPa	4.42 g/cm³	107 to 122 GPa	6.6 W/(m·K)	1,650 to 1,660 °C
Titanium Grade 9, Ti-3Al-2.5V (UNS R56320)medium-strength alpha-beta alloy, mostly sold as seamless tube	483 to 860 MPa	620 to 965 MPa	4.48 g/cm³	91 to 110 GPa	no data	no data
TiAlhigh-temperature structural intermetallic	326 MPa	422 to 620 MPa	3.8 to 8.3 g/cm³	110 to 207 GPa	no data	no data
Beta 3structural alloy	793 to 1,172 MPa	827 to 1,241 MPa	4.78 to 5.07 g/cm³	82 to 111 GPa	no data	1,649 °C
Commercially pure titanium with palladium, Grade 11 (UNS R52250)corrosion-resistant unalloyed metal	138 to 310 MPa	240 to 345 MPa	4.51 g/cm³	112 GPa	16 to 21.8 W/(m·K)	1,670 °C
Ti Gr 12corrosion-resistant lean titanium alloy	at least 345 MPa	at least 483 MPa	4.51 g/cm³	103 GPa	19 W/(m·K)	1,660 °C
Commercially pure titanium, Grade 3 (UNS R50550)higher-strength unalloyed metal	380 to 462 MPa	450 to 593 MPa	4.51 g/cm³	103 GPa	21.8 W/(m·K)	no data
Commercially pure titanium, Grade 7corrosion-resistant unalloyed metal with palladium	at least 275 MPa	345 to 448 MPa	4.51 g/cm³	112 GPa	21.8 W/(m·K)	no data
Minor titanium alloys, Ti-Mo, Ti-V, Ti-Fe, Ti-Sistructural alloys and intermetallic additions	793 to 1,282 MPa	685 to 1,300 MPa	4.54 g/cm³	103 GPa	0.71 to 7.8 W/(m·K)	1,649 °C

What these materials are made of

Composition by weight, as printed in the sources for each grade (the first constituents listed).

Composition of each grade
Material	Main constituents
Commercially pure titanium, Grade 2 (UNS R50400)	Ti balance · O up to 0.25% · Fe up to 0.30% · C up to 0.08% · N up to 0.03% · H up to 0.015%
Ti-6Al-4V	Ti balance · Al 5.5 to 6.75% · V 3.5 to 4.5% · Fe up to 0.4% · O up to 0.2%
Titanium alloy Ti-6Al-4V ELI (Grade 23)	Ti balance · Al 5.5 to 6.5% · V 3.5 to 4.5% · Fe up to 0.25% · O up to 0.13% · C up to 0.080% · N up to 0.030%
Titanium Grade 9, Ti-3Al-2.5V (UNS R56320)	Ti balance · Fe up to 0.25% · O up to 0.15% · C up to 0.08% · N up to 0.03% · H up to 0.015%
TiAl	Ti balance · Al 48% · Cr 2% · Nb 2%
Beta 3	Mo 11.5% · Zr 6% · Sn 4.5%
Commercially pure titanium with palladium, Grade 11 (UNS R52250)	Ti balance · O up to 0.18% · Fe up to 0.20% · C up to 0.08% · N up to 0.03% · H up to 0.015%
Ti Gr 12	Ti balance · O up to 0.25% · Fe up to 0.30% · C up to 0.08% · N up to 0.03% · H up to 0.015%
Commercially pure titanium, Grade 3 (UNS R50550)	Ti balance · O up to 0.35% · Fe up to 0.3% · C up to 0.08% · N up to 0.05% · H up to 0.015%
Commercially pure titanium, Grade 7	Ti balance · O up to 0.25% · Fe up to 0.3% · C up to 0.08% · N up to 0.03% · H up to 0.015%
Minor titanium alloys, Ti-Mo, Ti-V, Ti-Fe, Ti-Si	V 10% · Fe 2% · Al 3%

Where they are used

Uses
Use	Grades
Seawater-cooled heat exchanger and condenser tubing	Commercially pure titanium, Grade 2 (UNS R50400)
Desalination pipe and reverse-osmosis pressure vessels	Commercially pure titanium, Grade 2 (UNS R50400)
Aerospace hydraulic tubing (AMS 4943 annealed; AMS 4944 and 4945 cold worked and stress relieved)	Commercially pure titanium, Grade 2 (UNS R50400)
Aerospace forging and bar (example of an AMS 4928 bar forging)	Ti-6Al-4V
Aircraft and spacecraft structural parts made to AMS 4928 and AMS 4911	Ti-6Al-4V
Aero-engine components and airframe components	Ti-6Al-4V
Air frames and aircraft structural parts	Titanium alloy Ti-6Al-4V ELI (Grade 23)
Jet and engine rocket components; pressure vessels	Titanium alloy Ti-6Al-4V ELI (Grade 23)
Cryogenic and high-pressure vessels	Titanium alloy Ti-6Al-4V ELI (Grade 23)
Aircraft and engine hydraulic tubing	Titanium Grade 9, Ti-3Al-2.5V (UNS R56320)
Corrosion-resistant pipe and vessels	Titanium Grade 9, Ti-3Al-2.5V (UNS R56320)
Bicycle frames and sporting goods	Titanium Grade 9, Ti-3Al-2.5V (UNS R56320)
Low-pressure turbine blades, GEnx engine	TiAl
Low-pressure turbine blades, LEAP engine (CFM International)	TiAl
Engine-tested low-pressure turbine blades, Ti-48Al-2Cr-2Nb (GE, 1993)	TiAl
Propellant tanks	Beta 3

When each grade fits

Best use and weak spots of each grade
Material	Best for	Weakest at
Commercially pure titanium, Grade 2 (UNS R50400)	Seawater, brine and chloride service where corrosion resistance and formability matter more than strength (Alleima and Smiths datasheets)	Strength: 345 MPa minimum tensile, well below Ti-6Al-4V (see the Ti-6Al-4V profile). Crevice attack in hot seawater from about 80 °C (Pang and Blackwood 2016)
Ti-6Al-4V	Strength-to-weight structures that must stay strong up to about 400 degC, such as aerospace forgings and bars (the datasheet gives 4.43 g/cm3 density and 830 to 950 MPa yield)	Low thermal conductivity (6.7 W/(m K) at 20 degC), and lower ductility once it is solution-treated and aged (6 to 10 % elongation)
Titanium alloy Ti-6Al-4V ELI (Grade 23)	Cold-service hardware and medical implants where toughness and low interstitial content matter (Carpenter; UPMET; Titanium Industries).	Thermal conduction: 6.6 W/(m K) at 20 degC is low for a metal (UPMET). The sources read give no room-temperature fracture toughness for commercial bar.
Titanium Grade 9, Ti-3Al-2.5V (UNS R56320)	Seamless hydraulic and fluid tube, corrosion-resistant pipe and sporting frames, where more strength than commercially pure titanium is needed with more formability than Grade 5 (Smiths datasheets, Bibus)	Strength below Grade 5: 620 MPa minimum tensile when annealed, against 895 MPa for Grade 5 (ASTM B265). No thermal, cryogenic or space data for this grade were read in this run.
TiAl	Light rotating parts that run hot, such as low-pressure turbine blades in GE engines, where a density near 3.8 g/cm3 and a stiffness of 168 GPa matter more than ductility	Room-temperature ductility, since cast Ti-48-2-2 elongates only 1.70 % at 23 degC and impact can crack thin sections
Beta 3	Parts that are cold formed in the solution-treated state and then aged to high strength, such as TIMETAL 15-3 strip (1000 MPa minimum tensile after 8 h at 538 degC)	Ductility after ageing (TIMETAL 15-3 strip falls to 5 to 7 % elongation), and the Beta 3 strength data are missing from the sources read
Commercially pure titanium with palladium, Grade 11 (UNS R52250)	Chloride and reducing-acid chemical plant equipment, and desalination or marine service, where crevice corrosion resistance matters more than strength (S+D Metals and Elgiloy datasheets)	Strength: 240 MPa minimum tensile, below the 345 MPa minimum of Grade 2 (ASTM B265). No Grade 11 crevice-corrosion test temperature was found in the sources read for this profile
Ti Gr 12	Chemical process equipment and heat exchangers where corrosion resistance matters and the extra strength over unalloyed titanium is wanted (TIMETAL and Alleima datasheets)	Crevice attack still possible in hot brine: the TIMETAL datasheet shows an improvement over unalloyed titanium, not immunity. Its strength is well below Ti-6Al-4V.
Commercially pure titanium, Grade 3 (UNS R50550)	Formed and welded parts that need more strength than Grade 2 while keeping weldability and corrosion resistance in oxidising, neutral and mildly reducing media (Smiths)	Strength: 450 MPa minimum tensile, well below Ti-6Al-4V (see the Ti-6Al-4V profile). Oxygen limit of 0.35 %, the highest of CP grades 1 to 3 in ASTM B265 Table 2
Commercially pure titanium, Grade 7	Chemical processing and hot chloride or acid service where crevice corrosion is the main concern and Grade 2 is not enough (ATI corrosion data sheet; Elgiloy datasheet)	Strength: 345 MPa minimum tensile, the same as Grade 2 and well below Ti-6Al-4V. Its crevice limit depends on pH and temperature, and no Grade 7 test at pH 1 or below was read in this run
Minor titanium alloys, Ti-Mo, Ti-V, Ti-Fe, Ti-Si	Ti-10V-2Fe-3Al for forged, heat-treated structural parts that must hold about 1000 N/mm2 tensile strength at room temperature and about 900 N/mm2 at 315 degC	Ti-Mo binaries lose ductility when aged or cast (Ti-15.05Mo falls to 6.95 % elongation after solution treatment), and Ti-Ga, Ti-Si and Ti-V have no alloy-level property value in the sources read