Steel classification
Types of steel: carbon, alloy, stainless and tool steel compared
The Space Mushroom database sorts 55 steel profiles into four types: 7 carbon steels, 4 alloy steels, 7 tool steels and 37 stainless steels, with 2 cast irons profiled beside them as the neighbouring iron family. Stainless steel is the one type with a compositional line: Wikipedia, quoted in the stainless steel 409 profile, says a Fe-base alloy must contain at least 10.5 percent Cr to qualify, and the other three are told apart by carbon share, alloy additions and hardening route.
What are the main types of steel?
The main types of steel in the Space Mushroom database are carbon steel (7 profiles), alloy steel (4), tool steel (7) and stainless steel (37). Stainless steel is the largest group and splits into five sub-families: austenitic (16), ferritic (4), martensitic (8), duplex (4) and precipitation-hardening (5). Cast iron (2 profiles) is the neighbouring iron family and is not counted as steel.
The map below sizes each tile by the number of profiled grades, not by tonnage or market share. Choose a tile to open that type; the panel beside it shows the ranges of yield strength, tensile strength, elongation and density, with the grades named and linked. Use Tab to move between tiles, the arrow keys to jump to a neighbour, Enter to open and Escape to go up.
Tile area = number of profiled grades. Colour = type. Each view is one level of the tree; the panel always shows the level you are on.
Steel and cast iron
57 profiled grades: 55 steels and 2 cast irons
Steel here means an iron alloy that is not cast iron. The map sorts it by its carbon share, its alloy additions, whether it carries enough chromium to be stainless, and its hardening route.
Lowest 165 MPa for Gray cast iron (flake graphite iron) (20.0 °C; range as printed; per MfgRobots). Highest 1,896 MPa for Stainless steel 440C (hardened 1900 F, oil quench, tempered 600 F; 0.2 percent offset yield, as printed…; as printed; per Rolled Alloys). Recorded for 52 of 57 grades; for the rest it is not found in any source we hold.
Lowest 138 MPa for Gray cast iron (flake graphite iron) (tensile strength as printed; minimum or typical not stated; 20; ASTM A48; as printed; per Align Manufacturing). Highest 2,200 MPa for AISI 302 stainless steel (UNS S30200, EN 1.4310) (spring temper; approximate, as supplied; range as printed; per Alloy Wire International). Recorded for 54 of 57 grades; for the rest it is not found in any source we hold.
Lowest 0 percent for Gray cast iron (flake graphite iron) (20.0 °C; range as printed; per MfgRobots). Highest 70 percent for Stainless steel 304 (infobox value, condition not stated; as printed; per Wikipedia). Recorded for 51 of 57 grades; for the rest it is not found in any source we hold.
Lowest 7.20 g/cm3 for Gray cast iron (flake graphite iron) (20.0 °C; as printed; per MfgRobots). Highest 8.10 g/cm3 for Martensitic stainless steel 13Cr-4Ni (UNS S41500) (0 - 30 C; range as printed; per Total Materia). Recorded for 55 of 57 grades; for the rest it is not found in any source we hold.
| Type | Grades | Yield, MPa | Tensile, MPa | Elongation, % | Density, g/cm3 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 7 | 170 to 1,517 | 310 to 1,862 | 8 to 40 | 7.67 to 8.03 | |
| 4 | 435 to 1,330 | 655 to 1,600 | 3 to 26 | 7.67 to 8.03 | |
| 7 | 826 to 1,520 | 700 to 1,820 | 17 to 20 | 7.70 to 8.00 | |
| 37 | 170 to 1,896 | 210 to 2,200 | 2 to 70 | 7.60 to 8.10 | |
| 2 | 165 to 621 | 138 to 827 | 0 to 18 | 7.20 |
Grades: 1.2316, 1.2738, 1.4418, 15-5 PH, 15-7 PH, 17-4 PH, 17-7 PH, 300M, 301, 302, 303, 304, 304L, 309, 310S, 316, 316L, 317L, 317LMN, 321, 347, 347H, 409, 410, 410S, 416, 420, 430, 430F, 431, 440C, 444, 904L, 1010, 1018, 1045, 1070, 1215, 2101, 2205, 2304, 2507, 4130, 4140, 4340, 52100, A2, A36, BS 1407, Custom 465, D2, Gray iron, H13, Nitronic 60, P20, S41500, SG iron.
Carbon steel
7 profiled grades
Carbon steel is iron with carbon and manganese as its main additions, and the carbon share sorts it: AISI 1018 is a plain low-carbon steel (about 0.14 to 0.20 percent carbon), AISI 1045 a plain medium-carbon steel (about 0.43 to 0.50 percent) and AISI 1070 a plain high-carbon steel (0.65 to 0.75 percent).
Lowest 170 MPa for Carbon steel 1010 (condition not stated in the record; range as printed; per MWAlloys). Highest 1,517 MPa for 300M ultra-high-strength steel (UNS K44220) (normalise 927 °C, harden 871 °C in oil, temper 204 to 649 °C (SSA heat treatment…; specified minimum; per 300M). Recorded for 7 of 7 grades.
Lowest 310 MPa for Carbon steel 1010 (condition not stated in the record; range as printed; per MWAlloys). Highest 1,862 MPa for 300M ultra-high-strength steel (UNS K44220) (normalise 927 °C, harden 871 °C in oil, temper 204 to 649 °C (SSA heat treatment…; specified minimum; per 300M). Recorded for 7 of 7 grades.
Lowest 8 percent for 300M ultra-high-strength steel (UNS K44220) (condition not stated in the record; specified minimum; per 300M). Highest 40 percent for Carbon steel 1010 (condition not stated in the record; range as printed; per MWAlloys). Recorded for 7 of 7 grades.
Lowest 7.67 g/cm3 for Carbon steel 1018 (0 to 30 °C; range as printed; per Total Materia). Highest 8.03 g/cm3 for Carbon steel 1070 (condition not stated in the record; as printed; per AZoM). Recorded for 6 of 7 grades; for the rest it is not found in any source we hold.
| Grade | Yield, MPa | Tensile, MPa | Elongation, % | Density, g/cm3 |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 300M | 1,517 | 1,862 | 8 | 7.85 |
| 1010 | 170 to 345 | 310 to 450 | 20 to 40 | 7.90 |
| 1018 | 240 to 370 | 430 to 440 | 15 to 27 | 7.67 to 7.90 |
| 1045 | 300 to 540 | 552 to 700 | 8 to 30 | not found in any source we hold |
| 1070 | 390 to 495 | 640 to 700 | 10 | 7.70 to 8.03 |
| 1215 | 415 | 540 | 10 | 7.67 to 7.87 |
| A36 | 220 to 250 | 400 to 552 | 18 to 21 | 7.80 |
Alloy steel
4 profiled grades
Alloy steel adds elements such as chromium, molybdenum and nickel to the iron-carbon base: AISI 4140 is a chromium-molybdenum steel, AISI 4340 adds nickel, and AISI 52100 is a high-carbon chromium bearing steel. Strength then depends on heat treatment.
Lowest 435 MPa for Alloy steel AISI 4130 (chromium-molybdenum) (normalised at 870 C (1600 F), as the MatWeb record title states…; as printed; per MatWeb). Highest 1,330 MPa for Alloy steel AISI 4130 (chromium-molybdenum) (quenched and tempered: austenitize 1116 K, water quench, temper between 523 K and…; as printed; per Technical Reference on Hydrogen). Recorded for 3 of 4 grades; for the rest it is not found in any source we hold.
Lowest 655 MPa for Alloy steel AISI 4130 (chromium-molybdenum) (cold drawn tube, AMS 6371; as printed; per Aircraft Materials). Highest 1,600 MPa for Alloy steel AISI 4130 (chromium-molybdenum) (quenched and tempered: austenitize 1116 K, water quench, temper between 523 K and…; as printed; per Technical Reference on Hydrogen). Recorded for 3 of 4 grades; for the rest it is not found in any source we hold.
Lowest 3 percent for Alloy steel AISI 4140 (chromium-molybdenum) (A 1116 K/60 min, water quench, T 755 K/120 min (A 843 C 1 h, water quench, temper…; as printed; per Technical Reference on Hydrogen). Highest 26 percent for Alloy steel AISI 4130 (chromium-molybdenum) (normalised at 870 C (1600 F), as the MatWeb record title states; as printed; per MatWeb). Recorded for 3 of 4 grades; for the rest it is not found in any source we hold.
Lowest 7.67 g/cm3 for AISI 52100 bearing steel (0 to 30 °C; range as printed; per Total Materia). Highest 8.03 g/cm3 for Alloy steel AISI 4340 (nickel-chromium-molybdenum) (25 C; range as printed; per eFunda). Recorded for 4 of 4 grades.
| Grade | Yield, MPa | Tensile, MPa | Elongation, % | Density, g/cm3 |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 4130 | 435 to 1,330 | 655 to 1,600 | 26 | 7.85 |
| 4140 | 570 to 1,235 | 745 to 1,283 | 3 to 18 | 7.85 |
| 4340 | 665 to 1,125 | 745 to 1,550 | 5 to 13 | 7.70 to 8.03 |
| 52100 | not found in any source we hold | not found in any source we hold | not found in any source we hold | 7.67 to 7.86 |
Tool steel
7 profiled grades
Tool steel is alloy steel for cutting, forming and moulding tools, and its hardness depends on the hardening and tempering cycle: AISI D2 is a cold-work grade, AISI H13 a hot-work grade and AISI P20 a pre-hardened mould steel.
Lowest 826 MPa for 1.2738 plastic mould steel (40CrMnNiMo8-6-4, AISI P20+Ni) (quenched and tempered, 300 HB typical (as printed); tensile, method not stated; as printed; per Industeel). Highest 1,520 MPa for AISI H13 hot-work tool steel (EN 1.2344, X40CrMoV5-1) (Austenitising, quench and tempering for this column are not stated in the sheet…; as printed; per Uddeholm). Recorded for 3 of 7 grades; for the rest it is not found in any source we hold.
Lowest 700 MPa for Silver steel (BS 1407 high-carbon bright tool steel) (annealed, as supplied; range as printed; per Certificate of Conformity). Highest 1,820 MPa for AISI H13 hot-work tool steel (EN 1.2344, X40CrMoV5-1) (Austenitising, quench and tempering for this column are not stated in the sheet…; as printed; per Uddeholm). Recorded for 5 of 7 grades; for the rest it is not found in any source we hold.
Lowest 17 percent for 1.2738 plastic mould steel (40CrMnNiMo8-6-4, AISI P20+Ni) (quenched and tempered, 300 HB typical (as printed); as printed; per Industeel). Highest 20 percent for P20 plastic mould steel (AISI P20, UNS T51620, EN 1.2311) (pre-hardened P20, typical (about 300 HB, 30 HRC as printed); as printed; per Smith). Recorded for 2 of 7 grades; for the rest it is not found in any source we hold.
Lowest 7.70 g/cm3 for 1.2316 stainless plastic mould steel (EN 1.2316, printed name X38CrMo16) (typical value as printed; room temperature (as printed); as printed; per Abrams). Highest 8.00 g/cm3 for AISI D2 cold-work tool steel (EN 1.2379, X153CrMoV12) (condition not stated in the record; range as printed; per Total Materia). Recorded for 7 of 7 grades.
| Grade | Yield, MPa | Tensile, MPa | Elongation, % | Density, g/cm3 |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1.2316 | not found in any source we hold | 950 to 1,100 | not found in any source we hold | 7.70 |
| 1.2738 | 826 | 950 to 1,100 | 17 | 7.80 |
| A2 | not found in any source we hold | not found in any source we hold | not found in any source we hold | 7.86 |
| BS 1407 | not found in any source we hold | 700 to 850 | not found in any source we hold | 7.80 |
| D2 | not found in any source we hold | not found in any source we hold | not found in any source we hold | 7.70 to 8.00 |
| H13 | 1,280 to 1,520 | 1,420 to 1,820 | not found in any source we hold | 7.80 |
| P20 | 827 to 862 | 950 to 1,100 | 20 | 7.83 to 7.86 |
Stainless steel
37 profiled grades
Stainless steel is iron with enough chromium to resist rust: Wikipedia, quoted in the stainless steel 409 profile, says a Fe-base alloy must contain at least 10.5 percent Cr to qualify. Its five sub-families differ in crystal structure and hardening route.
Lowest 170 MPa for Stainless steel 304L (plate, sheet and strip; minimum, printed as 25 ksi min and 170 MPa min; specified minimum; per ATI). Highest 1,896 MPa for Stainless steel 440C (hardened 1900 F, oil quench, tempered 600 F; 0.2 percent offset yield, as printed…; as printed; per Rolled Alloys). Recorded for 37 of 37 grades.
Lowest 210 MPa for Stainless steel 304 (range across tempers, from weakest annealed to strongest full-hard; as printed; per Wikipedia). Highest 2,200 MPa for AISI 302 stainless steel (UNS S30200, EN 1.4310) (spring temper; approximate, as supplied; range as printed; per Alloy Wire International). Recorded for 37 of 37 grades.
Lowest 2 percent for 17-7 PH stainless steel (CH 900; typical; as printed; per Cleveland-Cliffs 17-7 PH Stainless). Highest 70 percent for Stainless steel 304 (infobox value, condition not stated; as printed; per Wikipedia). Recorded for 37 of 37 grades.
Lowest 7.60 g/cm3 for Stainless steel 409 (409 / 1.4512 sheet (Aalco datasheet, EN 10088-2:2005 basis, indicative); as printed; per Aalco). Highest 8.10 g/cm3 for Martensitic stainless steel 13Cr-4Ni (UNS S41500) (0 - 30 C; range as printed; per Total Materia). Recorded for 37 of 37 grades.
| Type | Grades | Yield, MPa | Tensile, MPa | Elongation, % | Density, g/cm3 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 16 | 170 to 1,103 | 210 to 2,200 | 9 to 70 | 7.62 to 8.09 | |
| 4 | 170 to 500 | 380 to 850 | 15 to 37 | 7.60 to 7.75 | |
| 8 | 205 to 1,896 | 414 to 1,965 | 2 to 34 | 7.61 to 8.10 | |
| 4 | 400 to 895 | 600 to 1,000 | 25 to 30 | 7.80 to 7.82 | |
| 5 | 310 to 1,896 | 827 to 2,034 | 2 to 35 | 7.65 to 7.86 |
Grades: 1.4418, 15-5 PH, 15-7 PH, 17-4 PH, 17-7 PH, 301, 302, 303, 304, 304L, 309, 310S, 316, 316L, 317L, 317LMN, 321, 347, 347H, 409, 410, 410S, 416, 420, 430, 430F, 431, 440C, 444, 904L, 2101, 2205, 2304, 2507, Custom 465, Nitronic 60, S41500.
Austenitic stainless
16 profiled grades
Austenitic stainless steels are the chromium-nickel grades, and stainless steel 304, with about 18 percent chromium and 8 to 11 percent nickel, is called the most common of them.
Lowest 170 MPa for Stainless steel 304L (plate, sheet and strip; minimum, printed as 25 ksi min and 170 MPa min; specified minimum; per ATI). Highest 1,103 MPa for Stainless steel 301 (full hard (as rolled); typical; as printed; per ATI). Recorded for 16 of 16 grades.
Lowest 210 MPa for Stainless steel 304 (range across tempers, from weakest annealed to strongest full-hard; as printed; per Wikipedia). Highest 2,200 MPa for AISI 302 stainless steel (UNS S30200, EN 1.4310) (spring temper; approximate, as supplied; range as printed; per Alloy Wire International). Recorded for 16 of 16 grades.
Lowest 9 percent for Stainless steel 301 (full hard; plate, sheet and strip (ASTM A240 and A666 minimum)…; as printed; per ATI). Highest 70 percent for Stainless steel 304 (infobox value, condition not stated; as printed; per Wikipedia). Recorded for 16 of 16 grades.
Lowest 7.62 g/cm3 for Nitronic 60 stainless steel (75 F (24 C); as printed; per Nitronic 60). Highest 8.09 g/cm3 for AISI 321 stainless steel (UNS S32100, EN 1.4541) (20 °C; as printed; per Combined Metals). Recorded for 16 of 16 grades.
| Grade | Yield, MPa | Tensile, MPa | Elongation, % | Density, g/cm3 |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 301 | 205 to 1,103 | 515 to 1,276 | 9 to 40 | 7.88 to 8.03 |
| 302 | 195 to 338 | 500 to 2,200 | 40 to 55 | 7.90 |
| 303 | 172 to 207 | 500 to 517 | 35 | 7.89 to 8.03 |
| 304 | 205 to 210 | 210 to 1,050 | 40 to 70 | 7.85 to 8.06 |
| 304L | 170 to 241 | 485 to 586 | 40 to 55 | 7.90 |
| 309 | 207 to 290 | 517 to 621 | 40 to 49 | 8.03 |
| 310S | 205 to 290 | 500 to 750 | 40 to 42 | 7.80 to 8.03 |
| 316 | 193 to 213 | 480 to 620 | 40 | 7.87 to 8.07 |
| 316L | 170 to 290 | 485 to 558 | 40 to 50 | 7.99 to 8.03 |
| 317L | 200 to 260 | 500 to 700 | 40 | 8.03 |
| 317LMN | 240 to 280 | 550 to 800 | 35 to 40 | 8.00 |
| 321 | 205 to 320 | 515 to 586 | 35 to 55 | 7.92 to 8.09 |
| 347 | 205 to 250 | 515 to 640 | 40 to 45 | 7.96 |
| 347H | 205 to 252 | 515 to 643 | 35 to 40 | 7.90 to 7.98 |
| 904L | 220 to 270 | 490 to 730 | 35 to 36 | 7.95 to 8.00 |
| Nitronic 60 | 345 to 393 | 655 to 717 | 35 to 62 | 7.62 |
Grades: 301, 302, 303, 304, 304L, 309, 310S, 316, 316L, 317L, 317LMN, 321, 347, 347H, 904L, Nitronic 60.
Ferritic stainless
4 profiled grades
Ferritic stainless steels are chromium stainless steels that cannot be hardened by heat treatment, such as stainless steel 430 with 16.0 to 18.0 percent chromium.
Lowest 170 MPa for Stainless steel 409 (annealed (Min); 409 sheet, ASTM A240 basis (Combined Metals data sheet)…; specified minimum; per Combined Metals). Highest 500 MPa for Stainless steel 430F (QT650 (hardened 950 to 1070 C, tempered 550 to 650 C)…; specified minimum; per Deutsche Edelstahlwerke). Recorded for 4 of 4 grades.
Lowest 380 MPa for Stainless steel 409 (annealed (Min); 409 sheet, ASTM A240 basis (Combined Metals data sheet)…; specified minimum; per Combined Metals). Highest 850 MPa for Stainless steel 430F (QT650 (hardened 950 to 1070 C, tempered 550 to 650 C)…; range as printed; per Deutsche Edelstahlwerke). Recorded for 4 of 4 grades.
Lowest 15 percent for Stainless steel 430F (annealed; 1.4104 bar, annealed; room temperature (specification); specified maximum; per Deutsche Edelstahlwerke). Highest 37 percent for Stainless steel 430 (cold rolled and annealed (ATI footnote); sheet and strip, 0.04 to 0.115 in thick…; range as printed; per ATI). Recorded for 4 of 4 grades.
Lowest 7.60 g/cm3 for Stainless steel 409 (409 / 1.4512 sheet (Aalco datasheet, EN 10088-2:2005 basis, indicative); as printed; per Aalco). Highest 7.75 g/cm3 for Stainless steel 409 (409 sheet (Combined Metals data sheet, ASTM A240 basis); 20 C (At 20C column); as printed; per Combined Metals). Recorded for 4 of 4 grades.
Martensitic stainless
8 profiled grades
Martensitic stainless steels are the hardenable stainless grades: stainless steel 410, with about 12 percent chromium and 0.08 to 0.15 percent carbon, is called the basic hardenable martensitic stainless steel.
Lowest 205 MPa for Stainless steel 410 (A (annealed); typical range, printed as 30 (205) to 42 (290) ksi (MPa); range as printed; per United Performance Metals). Highest 1,896 MPa for Stainless steel 440C (hardened 1900 F, oil quench, tempered 600 F; 0.2 percent offset yield, as printed…; as printed; per Rolled Alloys). Recorded for 8 of 8 grades.
Lowest 414 MPa for Stainless steel 410S (minimum, plate; specified minimum; per Rolled Alloys). Highest 1,965 MPa for Stainless steel 440C (hardened 1900 F, oil quench, tempered 600 F; 70 F; as printed; per Rolled Alloys). Recorded for 8 of 8 grades.
Lowest 2 percent for Stainless steel 440C (hardened 1900 F, oil quench, tempered 600 F; as printed; per AircraftMaterials UK). Highest 34 percent for Stainless steel 410 (A (annealed); typical range; range as printed; per United Performance Metals). Recorded for 8 of 8 grades.
Lowest 7.61 g/cm3 for Martensitic stainless steel 13Cr-4Ni (UNS S41500) (0 - 30 C; range as printed; per Total Materia). Highest 8.10 g/cm3 for Martensitic stainless steel 13Cr-4Ni (UNS S41500) (0 - 30 C; range as printed; per Total Materia). Recorded for 8 of 8 grades.
| Grade | Yield, MPa | Tensile, MPa | Elongation, % | Density, g/cm3 |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1.4418 | 550 to 920 | 760 to 1,100 | 14 to 18 | 7.70 |
| 410 | 205 to 1,089 | 448 to 1,331 | 17 to 34 | 7.73 to 7.75 |
| 410S | 207 to 290 | 414 to 448 | 22 to 33 | 7.73 |
| 416 | 276 to 951 | 517 to 1,172 | 12 to 30 | 7.70 to 7.81 |
| 420 | 355 to 1,311 | 592 to 1,760 | 12 to 13 | 7.70 to 7.75 |
| 431 | 600 to 1,034 | 800 to 1,379 | 10 to 20 | 7.80 |
| 440C | 1,896 | 1,965 | 2 | 7.61 to 7.70 |
| S41500 | 517 to 800 | 700 to 1,100 | 15 to 18 | 7.61 to 8.10 |
Duplex stainless
4 profiled grades
Duplex stainless steels mix austenite and ferrite in one structure: duplex stainless steel 2205, with 22 to 23 percent chromium, is an austenite-ferrite stainless steel.
Lowest 400 MPa for Lean duplex stainless steel 2304 (annealed (ASTM A240 minimum); ATI 2304 plate, ASTM A240 minimum; room temperature; specified minimum; per ATI). Highest 895 MPa for Duplex stainless steel 2205 (cold worked, no subsequent heat treatment; seamless tube and pipe, cold worked for…; specified minimum; per Alleima). Recorded for 4 of 4 grades.
Lowest 600 MPa for Lean duplex stainless steel 2304 (annealed (ASTM A240 minimum); ATI 2304 plate, ASTM A240 minimum; room temperature; specified minimum; per ATI). Highest 1,000 MPa for Super duplex stainless steel 2507 (solution annealed and quenched; seamless tube and pipe, wall up to 20 mm; 20 °C; range as printed; per Alleima). Recorded for 4 of 4 grades.
Lowest 25 percent for Duplex stainless steel 2205 (plate, sheet and strip (ASTM A240, UNS S32205); specified minimum; per ATI). Highest 30 percent for Lean duplex stainless steel 2101 (UNS S32101) (plate over 5 mm thick; ASTM A240; specified minimum; per Atlas). Recorded for 4 of 4 grades.
Lowest 7.80 g/cm3 for Lean duplex stainless steel 2101 (UNS S32101) (annealed; typical values in the annealed condition; as printed; per Atlas). Highest 7.82 g/cm3 for Duplex stainless steel 2205 (plate, sheet and strip (ASTM A240, UNS S32205); as printed; per ATI). Recorded for 4 of 4 grades.
Precipitation-hardening stainless
5 profiled grades
Precipitation-hardening stainless steels gain their strength from an ageing step after annealing: 17-4 PH stainless steel is supplied annealed and then aged in one step at about 480 to 620 C.
Lowest 310 MPa for 17-7 PH stainless steel (A (annealed); typical, room temperature; as printed; per Cleveland-Cliffs 17-7 PH Stainless). Highest 1,896 MPa for 17-7 PH stainless steel (CH 900; typical, room temperature; as printed; per Cleveland-Cliffs 17-7 PH Stainless). Recorded for 5 of 5 grades.
Lowest 827 MPa for 17-7 PH stainless steel (A (annealed); typical, room temperature; as printed; per Cleveland-Cliffs 17-7 PH Stainless). Highest 2,034 MPa for 17-7 PH stainless steel (CH 900; typical, room temperature; as printed; per Cleveland-Cliffs 17-7 PH Stainless). Recorded for 5 of 5 grades.
Lowest 2 percent for 17-7 PH stainless steel (CH 900; typical; as printed; per Cleveland-Cliffs 17-7 PH Stainless). Highest 35 percent for 17-7 PH stainless steel (A (annealed); typical; as printed; per Cleveland-Cliffs 17-7 PH Stainless). Recorded for 5 of 5 grades.
Lowest 7.65 g/cm3 for 17-7 PH stainless steel (TH 1050; as printed; per Cleveland-Cliffs 17-7 PH Stainless). Highest 7.86 g/cm3 for 17-4 PH stainless steel (H1150; sheet, strip, plate and long products; typical, room temperature; as printed; per Jacquet). Recorded for 5 of 5 grades.
| Grade | Yield, MPa | Tensile, MPa | Elongation, % | Density, g/cm3 |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 15-5 PH | 724 to 1,172 | 931 to 1,310 | 6 to 11 | 7.80 |
| 15-7 PH | 380 to 1,515 | 860 to 1,690 | 6 to 30 | 7.67 to 7.80 |
| 17-4 PH | 725 to 1,262 | 930 to 1,365 | 5 to 20 | 7.75 to 7.86 |
| 17-7 PH | 310 to 1,896 | 827 to 2,034 | 2 to 35 | 7.65 to 7.81 |
| Custom 465 | 1,172 to 1,862 | 1,310 to 1,931 | 2 to 14 | 7.81 to 7.84 |
Grades: 15-5 PH, 15-7 PH, 17-4 PH, 17-7 PH, Custom 465.
Cast iron
2 profiled grades
Cast iron is the neighbouring iron family, not steel: gray cast iron is cast iron with 2.5 to 4.0 percent carbon held mostly as flake graphite, and in ductile iron the graphite is spheroidal.
Lowest 165 MPa for Gray cast iron (flake graphite iron) (20.0 °C; range as printed; per MfgRobots). Highest 621 MPa for Ductile iron (nodular iron, SG iron) (quench and temper, normalize and temper, or isothermal (ASTM A536 summary)…; as printed; per Goldens). Recorded for 2 of 2 grades.
Lowest 138 MPa for Gray cast iron (flake graphite iron) (tensile strength as printed; minimum or typical not stated; 20; ASTM A48; as printed; per Align Manufacturing). Highest 827 MPa for Ductile iron (nodular iron, SG iron) (quench and temper, normalize and temper, or isothermal (ASTM A536 summary)…; as printed; per Goldens). Recorded for 2 of 2 grades.
Lowest 0 percent for Gray cast iron (flake graphite iron) (20.0 °C; range as printed; per MfgRobots). Highest 18 percent for Ductile iron (nodular iron, SG iron) (full ferritizing anneal (ASTM A536 summary); grade value as printed; as printed; per Goldens). Recorded for 2 of 2 grades.
Lowest 7.20 g/cm3 for Gray cast iron (flake graphite iron) (20.0 °C; as printed; per MfgRobots). Highest 7.20 g/cm3 for Gray cast iron (flake graphite iron) (20.0 °C; as printed; per MfgRobots). Recorded for 1 of 2 grades; for the rest it is not found in any source we hold.
1.2316 stainless plastic mould steel (EN 1.2316, printed name X38CrMo16)
Tool steel · EN 1.2316
Profile description: stainless, martensitic chromium-molybdenum steel for plastic moulds.
Not found in any source we hold.
Lowest 950 MPa (quenched and tempered, delivery condition; range as printed; per Dörrenberg). Highest 1,100 MPa (approximate value as printed; heat treatment and test temperature…; as printed; per Abrams). 2 records; grey band = range of its type.
Not found in any source we hold.
Lowest 7.70 g/cm3 (typical value as printed; room temperature (as printed); as printed; per Abrams). Highest 7.70 g/cm3 (typical value as printed; room temperature (as printed); as printed; per Abrams). 1 record; grey band = range of its type.
1.2738 plastic mould steel (40CrMnNiMo8-6-4, AISI P20+Ni)
Tool steel · AISI P20+Ni; EN 1.2738
Profile description: pre-hardened, low-sulphur plastic mould steel.
Lowest 826 MPa (quenched and tempered, 300 HB typical (as printed)…; as printed; per Industeel). Highest 826 MPa (quenched and tempered, 300 HB typical (as printed)…; as printed; per Industeel). 1 record; grey band = range of its type.
Lowest 950 MPa (delivered quenched and tempered, 280 to 325 HB (as printed by…; range as printed; per Dörrenberg). Highest 1,100 MPa (as-delivered tempered condition, printed as approximate; as printed; per ABRAMS). 3 records; grey band = range of its type.
Lowest 17 percent (quenched and tempered, 300 HB typical (as printed); as printed; per Industeel). Highest 17 percent (quenched and tempered, 300 HB typical (as printed); as printed; per Industeel). 1 record; grey band = range of its type.
Lowest 7.80 g/cm3 (typical value, heat-treatment state not stated on the page…; as printed; per ABRAMS). Highest 7.80 g/cm3 (typical value, heat-treatment state not stated on the page…; as printed; per ABRAMS). 1 record; grey band = range of its type.
Martensitic stainless steel (EN 1.4418, X4CrNiMo16-5-1)
Martensitic stainless · EN 1.4418
Lowest 550 MPa (+QT760 (quenched and tempered, minimum tensile strength 760 MPa)…; specified minimum; per Deutsche Edelstahlwerke). Highest 920 MPa (+QT900 (quenched and tempered, minimum tensile strength 900 MPa)…; as printed; per Deutsche Edelstahlwerke). 4 records; grey band = range of its type.
Lowest 760 MPa (+QT760 (quenched and tempered, minimum tensile strength 760 MPa)…; range as printed; per Deutsche Edelstahlwerke). Highest 1,100 MPa (+QT900 (quenched and tempered, minimum tensile strength 900 MPa)…; range as printed; per Deutsche Edelstahlwerke). 5 records; grey band = range of its type.
Lowest 14 percent (+QT760 (quenched and tempered, minimum tensile strength 760 MPa)…; specified minimum; per Deutsche Edelstahlwerke). Highest 18 percent (+QT760 (quenched and tempered, minimum tensile strength 760 MPa)…; as printed; per Deutsche Edelstahlwerke). 6 records; grey band = range of its type.
Lowest 7.70 g/cm3 (condition not stated in the record; as printed; per Deutsche Edelstahlwerke). Highest 7.70 g/cm3 (condition not stated in the record; as printed; per Deutsche Edelstahlwerke). 1 record; grey band = range of its type.
15-5 PH stainless steel
Precipitation-hardening stainless · UNS S15500; EN 1.4545
Lowest 724 MPa (H1150; row printed as yield 0.2% offset…; as printed; per 15-5 PH). Highest 1,172 MPa (H900; row printed as yield 0.2% offset…; as printed; per 15-5 PH). 4 records; grey band = range of its type.
Lowest 931 MPa (H1150; row printed as tensile; the page does not say minimum or…; as printed; per 15-5 PH). Highest 1,310 MPa (H900; row printed as tensile; the page does not say minimum or typical; as printed; per 15-5 PH). 4 records; grey band = range of its type.
Lowest 6 percent (H900; as printed; per 15-5 PH). Highest 11 percent (H1025 (AMS 5659); row printed as min.; the table heading says typical; specified minimum; per 15-5PH). 4 records; grey band = range of its type.
Lowest 7.80 g/cm3 (condition not stated in the record; as printed; per 15-5PH). Highest 7.80 g/cm3 (condition not stated in the record; as printed; per 15-5PH). 1 record; grey band = range of its type.
PH 15-7 Mo stainless steel
Precipitation-hardening stainless · UNS S15700; AISI 632; EN 1.4532
Lowest 380 MPa (A (annealed); sheet and strip; as printed; per ATI). Highest 1,515 MPa (RH 950; solution treat 1950 F, air cool…; as printed; per ATI). 4 records; grey band = range of its type.
Lowest 860 MPa (A (annealed); sheet and strip; as printed; per ATI). Highest 1,690 MPa (RH 950; sheet and strip; as printed; per ATI). 5 records; grey band = range of its type.
Lowest 6 percent (RH 950; sheet and strip; as printed; per ATI). Highest 30 percent (A (annealed); sheet and strip; as printed; per ATI). 2 records; grey band = range of its type.
Lowest 7.67 g/cm3 (RH 950 (precipitation-hardened from Condition A via sub-zero…; as printed; per ATI). Highest 7.80 g/cm3 (A (annealed, mostly austenite); as printed; per 15-7 MO Stainless Steel). 2 records; grey band = range of its type.
17-4 PH stainless steel
Precipitation-hardening stainless · UNS S17400; AISI 630; EN 1.4542
Profile description: martensitic, precipitation-hardening stainless steel.
Lowest 725 MPa (H1150; 620 C, 4 h, air cool; bar and shapes…; as printed; per Austral Wright Metals). Highest 1,262 MPa (H900; bar, cold finished; typical, room temperature, 0.2 percent…; as printed; per Carpenter). 9 records; grey band = range of its type.
Lowest 930 MPa (H1150; 620 C, 4 h, air cool; bar and shapes…; as printed; per Austral Wright Metals). Highest 1,365 MPa (H900; bar, cold finished; typical, room temperature; as printed; per Carpenter). 9 records; grey band = range of its type.
Lowest 5 percent (H900; wire; minimum, wire datasheet; as printed; per Ulbrich Stainless Steels). Highest 20 percent (H1150; bar, cold finished; typical, elongation in 2 in (50.8 mm); as printed; per Carpenter). 12 records; grey band = range of its type.
Lowest 7.75 g/cm3 (Condition A (annealed); sheet, strip, plate and long products…; as printed; per Jacquet). Highest 7.86 g/cm3 (H1150; sheet, strip, plate and long products…; as printed; per Jacquet). 3 records; grey band = range of its type.
17-7 PH stainless steel
Precipitation-hardening stainless · UNS S17700; AISI 631; EN 1.4568
Lowest 310 MPa (A (annealed); typical, room temperature; as printed; per Cleveland-Cliffs 17-7 PH Stainless). Highest 1,896 MPa (CH 900; typical, room temperature; as printed; per Cleveland-Cliffs 17-7 PH Stainless). 4 records; grey band = range of its type.
Lowest 827 MPa (A (annealed); typical, room temperature; as printed; per Cleveland-Cliffs 17-7 PH Stainless). Highest 2,034 MPa (CH 900; typical, room temperature; as printed; per Cleveland-Cliffs 17-7 PH Stainless). 4 records; grey band = range of its type.
Lowest 2 percent (CH 900; typical; as printed; per Cleveland-Cliffs 17-7 PH Stainless). Highest 35 percent (A (annealed); typical; as printed; per Cleveland-Cliffs 17-7 PH Stainless). 3 records; grey band = range of its type.
Lowest 7.65 g/cm3 (TH 1050; as printed; per Cleveland-Cliffs 17-7 PH Stainless). Highest 7.81 g/cm3 (A (annealed); as printed; per Cleveland-Cliffs 17-7 PH Stainless). 2 records; grey band = range of its type.
300M ultra-high-strength steel (UNS K44220)
Carbon steel · UNS K44220; AISI 300M
Lowest 1,517 MPa (normalise 927 °C, harden 871 °C in oil, temper 204 to 649 °C (SSA…; specified minimum; per 300M). Highest 1,517 MPa (normalise 927 °C, harden 871 °C in oil, temper 204 to 649 °C (SSA…; specified minimum; per 300M). 2 records; grey band = range of its type.
Lowest 1,862 MPa (normalise 927 °C, harden 871 °C in oil, temper 204 to 649 °C (SSA…; specified minimum; per 300M). Highest 1,862 MPa (normalise 927 °C, harden 871 °C in oil, temper 204 to 649 °C (SSA…; specified minimum; per 300M). 2 records; grey band = range of its type.
Lowest 8 percent (condition not stated in the record; specified minimum; per 300M). Highest 8 percent (condition not stated in the record; specified minimum; per 300M). 1 record; grey band = range of its type.
Lowest 7.85 g/cm3 (condition not stated in the record; as printed; per 300M/S155 High Performance Alloy). Highest 7.85 g/cm3 (condition not stated in the record; as printed; per 300M). 2 records; grey band = range of its type.
Stainless steel 301
Austenitic stainless · UNS S30100; AISI 301; EN 1.4310
Lowest 205 MPa (annealed; plate, sheet and strip (ASTM A240 and A666 minimum)…; as printed; per ATI). Highest 1,103 MPa (full hard (as rolled); typical; as printed; per ATI). 10 records; grey band = range of its type.
Lowest 515 MPa (annealed; plate, sheet and strip (ASTM A240 and A666 minimum); as printed; per ATI). Highest 1,276 MPa (full hard; plate, sheet and strip (ASTM A240 and A666 minimum); as printed; per ATI). 5 records; grey band = range of its type.
Lowest 9 percent (full hard; plate, sheet and strip (ASTM A240 and A666 minimum)…; as printed; per ATI). Highest 40 percent (annealed; plate, sheet and strip (ASTM A240 and A666 minimum); as printed; per ATI). 5 records; grey band = range of its type.
Lowest 7.88 g/cm3 (coil and sheet (AMS 5901 datasheet); as printed; per United Performance Metals). Highest 8.03 g/cm3 (annealed (the TDS gives its physical values as representative of the…; as printed; per ATI). 3 records; grey band = range of its type.
AISI 302 stainless steel (UNS S30200, EN 1.4310)
Austenitic stainless · UNS S30200; AISI 302; EN 1.4310
Lowest 195 MPa (solution annealed; minimum, EN ISO 6931-1; specified minimum; per AGST Draht & Biegetechnik). Highest 338 MPa (wire; typical, values may not represent all diameters; as printed; per fwmetals). 4 records; grey band = range of its type.
Lowest 500 MPa (solution annealed; range as printed; per AGST Draht & Biegetechnik). Highest 2,200 MPa (spring temper; approximate, as supplied; range as printed; per Alloy Wire International). 4 records; grey band = range of its type.
Lowest 40 percent (solution annealed; specified minimum; per AGST Draht & Biegetechnik). Highest 55 percent (annealed; typical; as printed; per Elgiloy Specialty Metals). 2 records; grey band = range of its type.
Lowest 7.90 g/cm3 (20 °C; as printed; per Elgiloy Specialty Metals). Highest 7.90 g/cm3 (20 °C; as printed; per Elgiloy Specialty Metals). 2 records; grey band = range of its type.
Stainless steel 303
Austenitic stainless · UNS S30300; AISI 303; EN 1.4305
Lowest 172 MPa (annealed (Annealed Typical block); wire (Ulbrich wire data sheet)…; specified minimum; per Ulbrich). Highest 207 MPa (typical; as printed; per Rolled Alloys). 5 records; grey band = range of its type.
Lowest 500 MPa (hot rolled plate, transverse (Table 7 note: EN and ASTM min values…; specified minimum; per Outokumpu). Highest 517 MPa (typical; as printed; per Rolled Alloys). 5 records; grey band = range of its type.
Lowest 35 percent (annealed (Annealed Typical block); wire (Ulbrich wire data sheet)…; specified minimum; per Ulbrich). Highest 35 percent (annealed (Annealed Typical block); wire (Ulbrich wire data sheet)…; specified minimum; per Ulbrich). 3 records; grey band = range of its type.
Lowest 7.89 g/cm3 (plate (UPMET ASTM A895 data sheet); as printed; per United Performance Metals). Highest 8.03 g/cm3 (bar (Aalco note: typical for ASTM A582 bar products); as printed; per Aalco). 4 records; grey band = range of its type.
Stainless steel 304
Austenitic stainless · UNS S30400; AISI 304; EN 1.4301
Profile description: most common austenitic stainless steel.
Lowest 205 MPa (annealed (A240 product condition); plate, sheet and strip (ASTM…; specified minimum; per Outokumpu). Highest 210 MPa (annealed (product standard condition, not restated in the table)…; specified minimum; per Outokumpu). 2 records; grey band = range of its type.
Lowest 210 MPa (range across tempers, from weakest annealed to strongest full-hard; as printed; per Wikipedia). Highest 1,050 MPa (range across tempers, from weakest annealed to strongest full-hard; as printed; per Wikipedia). 4 records; grey band = range of its type.
Lowest 40 percent (annealed (A240 product condition); plate, sheet and strip (ASTM A240); specified minimum; per Outokumpu). Highest 70 percent (infobox value, condition not stated; as printed; per Wikipedia). 3 records; grey band = range of its type.
Lowest 7.85 g/cm3 (no temperature stated in the table; as printed; per AZoM). Highest 8.06 g/cm3 (no temperature stated in the table; as printed; per AZoM). 2 records; grey band = range of its type.
Stainless steel 304L
Austenitic stainless · UNS S30403; AISI 304L; EN 1.4307
Lowest 170 MPa (plate, sheet and strip; minimum, printed as 25 ksi min and 170 MPa min; specified minimum; per ATI). Highest 241 MPa (table value; minimum or typical not stated; as printed; per UPMET). 3 records; grey band = range of its type.
Lowest 485 MPa (plate, sheet and strip; minimum, printed as 70 ksi min and 485 MPa min; specified minimum; per ATI). Highest 586 MPa (table value; minimum or typical not stated; as printed; per UPMET). 3 records; grey band = range of its type.
Lowest 40 percent (plate, sheet and strip; minimum as printed; specified minimum; per ATI). Highest 55 percent (table value; minimum or typical not stated; as printed; per UPMET). 3 records; grey band = range of its type.
Lowest 7.90 g/cm3 (plate, sheet and strip; as printed; per ATI). Highest 7.90 g/cm3 (plate, sheet and strip; as printed; per ATI). 1 record; grey band = range of its type.
AISI 309 stainless steel
Austenitic stainless · UNS S30900; AISI 309
Lowest 207 MPa (sheet and strip; ASTM A167 (309); specified minimum; per 309 & 309S Stainless). Highest 290 MPa (typical short-term values, ASTM E8, average of two to ten samples…; as printed; per Jacquet). 2 records; grey band = range of its type.
Lowest 517 MPa (sheet and strip; ASTM A167 (309); specified minimum; per 309 & 309S Stainless). Highest 621 MPa (typical short-term values, ASTM E8, average of two to ten samples…; as printed; per Jacquet). 2 records; grey band = range of its type.
Lowest 40 percent (sheet and strip; ASTM A167 (309); specified minimum; per 309 & 309S Stainless). Highest 49 percent (typical short-term values, ASTM E8; 77 °F (25 °C); as printed; per Jacquet). 2 records; grey band = range of its type.
Lowest 8.03 g/cm3 (representative for average composition in the annealed condition…; as printed; per Jacquet). Highest 8.03 g/cm3 (representative for average composition in the annealed condition…; as printed; per Jacquet). 1 record; grey band = range of its type.
Stainless steel 310S
Austenitic stainless · UNS S31008; AISI 310S; EN 1.4845
Lowest 205 MPa (flat rolled product (plate, sheet and coil) to ASTM A240…; specified minimum; per Atlas). Highest 290 MPa (annealed; typical value; 20 °C; as printed; per Aperam). 3 records; grey band = range of its type.
Lowest 500 MPa (range printed in a datasheet; 20 °C; range as printed; per Team Edelstahl). Highest 750 MPa (range printed in a datasheet; 20 °C; range as printed; per Team Edelstahl). 3 records; grey band = range of its type.
Lowest 40 percent (flat rolled product to ASTM A240; minimum specified; specified minimum; per Atlas). Highest 42 percent (annealed; typical value, length 50 mm for thickness below 3 mm; as printed; per Aperam). 2 records; grey band = range of its type.
Lowest 7.80 g/cm3 (cold rolled and annealed sheet; 20 °C; as printed; per Aperam). Highest 8.03 g/cm3 (condition not stated in the record; as printed; per Goodfellow). 2 records; grey band = range of its type.
Stainless steel 316
Austenitic stainless · UNS S31600; EN 1.4401
Lowest 193 MPa (annealed (Table I title); plate, 25.4 mm thick…; as printed; per NBSIR 80-1627). Highest 213 MPa (annealed (Table I title); plate, 25.4 mm thick…; as printed; per NBSIR 80-1627). 3 records; grey band = range of its type.
Lowest 480 MPa (condition not stated in the record; as printed; per AZoM). Highest 620 MPa (condition not stated in the record; as printed; per AZoM). 3 records; grey band = range of its type.
Lowest 40 percent (sheet, coil and bar (datasheet product standards AMS 5524, 5507, 5648); as printed; per United Performance Metals). Highest 40 percent (sheet, coil and bar (datasheet product standards AMS 5524, 5507, 5648); as printed; per United Performance Metals). 2 records; grey band = range of its type.
Lowest 7.87 g/cm3 (condition not stated in the record; as printed; per AZoM). Highest 8.07 g/cm3 (condition not stated in the record; as printed; per AZoM). 2 records; grey band = range of its type.
Stainless steel 316L
Austenitic stainless · UNS S31603; AISI 316L; EN 1.4404
Lowest 170 MPa (plate, sheet, strip; minimum value as printed…; as printed; per ATI). Highest 290 MPa (annealed; Annealed (Min) row of the typical room temperature table; as printed; per Combined Metals). 3 records; grey band = range of its type.
Lowest 485 MPa (plate, sheet, strip; minimum value as printed (ASTM A240 per the page); as printed; per ATI). Highest 558 MPa (annealed; Annealed (Min) row of the typical room temperature table; as printed; per Combined Metals). 3 records; grey band = range of its type.
Lowest 40 percent (plate, sheet, strip; minimum as printed; as printed; per ATI). Highest 50 percent (annealed; Annealed (Min) row of the typical room temperature table; as printed; per Combined Metals). 3 records; grey band = range of its type.
Lowest 7.99 g/cm3 (Physical Properties table, metric column; 20 C (printed as At 20oC); as printed; per Combined Metals). Highest 8.03 g/cm3 (plate, sheet, strip; density row, shown for plate, sheet and strip; as printed; per ATI). 3 records; grey band = range of its type.
AISI 317L stainless steel
Austenitic stainless · UNS S31703; AISI 317L; EN 1.4438
Lowest 200 MPa (minimum as printed; 20 °C; specified minimum; per 1.4438). Highest 260 MPa (typical table value, no test temperature or condition stated by the…; as printed; per AZoM). 4 records; grey band = range of its type.
Lowest 500 MPa (20 °C; range as printed; per 1.4438). Highest 700 MPa (20 °C; range as printed; per 1.4438). 4 records; grey band = range of its type.
Lowest 40 percent (annealed; plate, sheet and strip; specified minimum; per ATI). Highest 40 percent (annealed; plate, sheet and strip; specified minimum; per ATI). 1 record; grey band = range of its type.
Lowest 8.03 g/cm3 (condition not stated in the record; as printed; per ATI). Highest 8.03 g/cm3 (condition not stated in the record; as printed; per ATI). 1 record; grey band = range of its type.
AISI 317LMN stainless steel
Austenitic stainless · UNS S31726; AISI 317LMN; EN 1.4439
Lowest 240 MPa (annealed; plate, sheet and strip; ASTM A240 minimum; specified minimum; per ATI). Highest 280 MPa (minimum printed in the German datasheet; product form not stated…; specified minimum; per TEAM EDELSTAHL). 2 records; grey band = range of its type.
Lowest 550 MPa (annealed; plate, sheet and strip; ASTM A240 minimum; specified minimum; per ATI). Highest 800 MPa (range printed in the German datasheet; product form not stated; 20 °C; range as printed; per TEAM EDELSTAHL). 2 records; grey band = range of its type.
Lowest 35 percent (20 °C; specified minimum; per TEAM EDELSTAHL). Highest 40 percent (annealed; plate, sheet and strip; specified minimum; per ATI). 2 records; grey band = range of its type.
Lowest 8.00 g/cm3 (ATI says its physical data are applicable to the 317LMN, 317LM and…; as printed; per ATI). Highest 8.00 g/cm3 (ATI says its physical data are applicable to the 317LMN, 317LM and…; as printed; per ATI). 1 record; grey band = range of its type.
AISI 321 stainless steel (UNS S32100, EN 1.4541)
Austenitic stainless · UNS S32100; AISI 321; EN 1.4541
Lowest 205 MPa (sheet; specified minimum; per Righton Blackburns Ltd). Highest 320 MPa (solution annealed; typical; as printed; per Swiss Steel Group). 3 records; grey band = range of its type.
Lowest 515 MPa (sheet; specified minimum; per Righton Blackburns Ltd). Highest 586 MPa (annealed; typical, based on ASTM A240; as printed; per Combined Metals). 2 records; grey band = range of its type.
Lowest 35 percent (sheet; specified minimum; per Righton Blackburns Ltd). Highest 55 percent (annealed; typical, based on ASTM A240; as printed; per Combined Metals). 2 records; grey band = range of its type.
Lowest 7.92 g/cm3 (condition not stated in the record; as printed; per 321 Stainless Steel Datasheet). Highest 8.09 g/cm3 (20 °C; as printed; per Combined Metals). 2 records; grey band = range of its type.
AISI 347 stainless steel
Austenitic stainless · UNS S34700; AISI 347; EN 1.4550
Lowest 205 MPa (sheet; ASTM A240; specified minimum; per Aalco). Highest 250 MPa (annealed; typical values based on ATI source, ASTM A240; as printed; per Combined Metals). 2 records; grey band = range of its type.
Lowest 515 MPa (sheet; ASTM A240; specified minimum; per Aalco). Highest 640 MPa (annealed; typical values based on ATI source, ASTM A240; as printed; per Combined Metals). 2 records; grey band = range of its type.
Lowest 40 percent (sheet; ASTM A240; specified minimum; per Aalco). Highest 45 percent (annealed; typical values based on ATI source, ASTM A240; as printed; per Combined Metals). 2 records; grey band = range of its type.
Lowest 7.96 g/cm3 (condition not stated in the record; as printed; per Datasheet for 347 Stainless). Highest 7.96 g/cm3 (condition not stated in the record; as printed; per Datasheet for 347 Stainless). 1 record; grey band = range of its type.
AISI 347H stainless steel
Austenitic stainless · UNS S34709; AISI 347H
Lowest 205 MPa (ASTM A213 tube; as printed; per 347 vs 347H vs). Highest 252 MPa (68 degF; as printed; per Rolled Alloys). 3 records; grey band = range of its type.
Lowest 515 MPa (ASTM A213 tube; as printed; per 347 vs 347H vs). Highest 643 MPa (typical tensile and impact properties; 68 degF; as printed; per Rolled Alloys). 3 records; grey band = range of its type.
Lowest 35 percent (ASTM A213 tube; specified minimum; per 347 vs 347H vs). Highest 40 percent (sheet, plate and strip; ASTM A240; specified minimum; per Rolled Alloys). 2 records; grey band = range of its type.
Lowest 7.90 g/cm3 (condition not stated in the record; as printed; per Goodfellow). Highest 7.98 g/cm3 (condition not stated in the record; as printed; per 347 vs 347H vs). 2 records; grey band = range of its type.
Stainless steel 409
Ferritic stainless · UNS S40900; AISI 409; EN 1.4512
Lowest 170 MPa (annealed (Min); 409 sheet, ASTM A240 basis (Combined Metals data…; specified minimum; per Combined Metals). Highest 255 MPa (cold rolled coil and sheet (Outokumpu product code C)…; as printed; per Outokumpu). 5 records; grey band = range of its type.
Lowest 380 MPa (annealed (Min); 409 sheet, ASTM A240 basis (Combined Metals data…; specified minimum; per Combined Metals). Highest 560 MPa (sheet up to 8 mm thick (EN 10088-2:2005); range as printed; per Aalco). 4 records; grey band = range of its type.
Lowest 20 percent (annealed (Min); 409 sheet, ASTM A240 basis (Combined Metals data…; specified minimum; per Combined Metals). Highest 33 percent (cold rolled coil and sheet (Outokumpu product code C)…; as printed; per Outokumpu). 4 records; grey band = range of its type.
Lowest 7.60 g/cm3 (409 / 1.4512 sheet (Aalco datasheet, EN 10088-2:2005 basis…; as printed; per Aalco). Highest 7.75 g/cm3 (409 sheet (Combined Metals data sheet, ASTM A240 basis)…; as printed; per Combined Metals). 3 records; grey band = range of its type.
Stainless steel 410
Martensitic stainless · UNS S41000; AISI 410; EN 1.4006
Profile description: basic hardenable martensitic stainless steel.
Lowest 205 MPa (A (annealed); typical range, printed as 30 (205) to 42 (290) ksi (MPa); range as printed; per United Performance Metals). Highest 1,089 MPa (T; 1010 C (1850 F), 30 min, oil quench; 260 C (500 F), 4 h; typical; as printed; per AircraftMaterials UK). 10 records; grey band = range of its type.
Lowest 448 MPa (A (annealed); typical, based on ASTM A240; as printed; per Combined Metals). Highest 1,331 MPa (T; 1010 C (1850 F), 30 min, oil quench; 260 C (500 F), 4 h; typical; as printed; per AircraftMaterials UK). 10 records; grey band = range of its type.
Lowest 17 percent (T; 1010 C (1850 F), 30 min, oil quench; 260 C (500 F), 4 h; typical; as printed; per AircraftMaterials UK). Highest 34 percent (A (annealed); typical range; range as printed; per United Performance Metals). 5 records; grey band = range of its type.
Lowest 7.73 g/cm3 (20 C (At 20 C column); as printed; per Combined Metals). Highest 7.75 g/cm3 (condition not stated in the record; as printed; per Aalco). 2 records; grey band = range of its type.
Stainless steel 410S
Martensitic stainless · UNS S41008; AISI 410S; EN 1.4000
Lowest 207 MPa (minimum, plate; specified minimum; per Rolled Alloys). Highest 290 MPa (typical; as printed; per Rolled Alloys). 3 records; grey band = range of its type.
Lowest 414 MPa (minimum, plate; specified minimum; per Rolled Alloys). Highest 448 MPa (annealed; typical, based on ASTM A240; as printed; per Combined Metals). 3 records; grey band = range of its type.
Lowest 22 percent (minimum, plate; specified minimum; per Rolled Alloys). Highest 33 percent (typical; as printed; per Rolled Alloys). 3 records; grey band = range of its type.
Lowest 7.73 g/cm3 (20 C (At 20 C column); as printed; per Combined Metals). Highest 7.73 g/cm3 (20 C (At 20 C column); as printed; per Combined Metals). 1 record; grey band = range of its type.
AISI 416 stainless steel
Martensitic stainless · UNS S41600; AISI 416; EN 1.4005
Lowest 276 MPa (annealed; 70 °F (room temperature); range as printed; per Rolled Alloys). Highest 951 MPa (heat treated at 900 °F, tested at room temperature; as printed; per Rolled Alloys). 5 records; grey band = range of its type.
Lowest 517 MPa (annealed; 70 °F (room temperature); range as printed; per Rolled Alloys). Highest 1,172 MPa (heat treated at 900 °F, tested at room temperature; as printed; per Rolled Alloys). 6 records; grey band = range of its type.
Lowest 12 percent (QT650; EN 10088-3; specified minimum; per Deutsche Edelstahlwerke). Highest 30 percent (annealed; 70 °F (room temperature); range as printed; per Rolled Alloys). 4 records; grey band = range of its type.
Lowest 7.70 g/cm3 (condition not stated in the record; as printed; per Deutsche Edelstahlwerke). Highest 7.81 g/cm3 (416 plate; as printed; per United Performance Metals). 3 records; grey band = range of its type.
Stainless steel 420
Martensitic stainless · UNS S42000; AISI 420; EN 1.4021
Lowest 355 MPa (annealed (Condition A, ASTM A276); as printed; per Rolled Alloys). Highest 1,311 MPa (tempered at 440 °F; as printed; per Rolled Alloys). 5 records; grey band = range of its type.
Lowest 592 MPa (annealed (Condition A, ASTM A276); as printed; per Rolled Alloys). Highest 1,760 MPa (tempered at 440 °F; as printed; per Rolled Alloys). 5 records; grey band = range of its type.
Lowest 12 percent (EN 10088-3:2005; range as printed; per Aalco). Highest 13 percent (EN 10088-3:2005; range as printed; per Aalco). 2 records; grey band = range of its type.
Lowest 7.70 g/cm3 (condition not stated in the record; as printed; per Rolled Alloys). Highest 7.75 g/cm3 (EN 10088-3:2005; as printed; per Aalco). 3 records; grey band = range of its type.
Stainless steel 430
Ferritic stainless · UNS S43000; AISI 430; EN 1.4016
Profile description: ferritic chromium stainless steel.
Lowest 207 MPa (annealed (Min); ASTM A240 sheet and strip basis (Combined Metals…; specified minimum; per Combined Metals). Highest 386 MPa (cold rolled and annealed (ATI footnote)…; range as printed; per ATI). 4 records; grey band = range of its type.
Lowest 400 MPa (bar up to 100 mm diameter or thickness (EN 10088-3:2005); range as printed; per Aalco). Highest 630 MPa (bar up to 100 mm diameter or thickness (EN 10088-3:2005); range as printed; per Aalco). 4 records; grey band = range of its type.
Lowest 20 percent (bar up to 100 mm diameter or thickness (EN 10088-3:2005); specified minimum; per Aalco). Highest 37 percent (cold rolled and annealed (ATI footnote)…; range as printed; per ATI). 4 records; grey band = range of its type.
Lowest 7.70 g/cm3 (ATI 430 ferritic stainless steel sheet and strip (data sheet, typical); as printed; per ATI). Highest 7.74 g/cm3 (430 stainless steel (Combined Metals data sheet, nominal)…; as printed; per Combined Metals). 2 records; grey band = range of its type.
Stainless steel 430F
Ferritic stainless · UNS S43020; AISI 430F; EN 1.4104
Lowest 379 MPa (annealed; 430F bar, ASTM A582 basis (Atlas typical)…; as printed; per Atlas). Highest 500 MPa (QT650 (hardened 950 to 1070 C, tempered 550 to 650 C)…; specified minimum; per Deutsche Edelstahlwerke). 2 records; grey band = range of its type.
Lowest 552 MPa (annealed; 430F bar, ASTM A582 basis (Atlas typical)…; as printed; per Atlas). Highest 850 MPa (QT650 (hardened 950 to 1070 C, tempered 550 to 650 C)…; range as printed; per Deutsche Edelstahlwerke). 3 records; grey band = range of its type.
Lowest 15 percent (annealed; 1.4104 bar, annealed; room temperature (specification); specified maximum; per Deutsche Edelstahlwerke). Highest 25 percent (annealed; 430F bar, ASTM A582 basis (Atlas typical)…; specified minimum; per Atlas). 3 records; grey band = range of its type.
Lowest 7.70 g/cm3 (annealed; 430F bar (Atlas typical physical properties, annealed…; as printed; per Atlas). Highest 7.70 g/cm3 (annealed; 430F bar (Atlas typical physical properties, annealed…; as printed; per Atlas). 2 records; grey band = range of its type.
Stainless steel 431
Martensitic stainless · UNS S43100; AISI 431; EN 1.4057
Lowest 600 MPa (heat treated (recommended heat treatment); as printed; per voestalpine). Highest 1,034 MPa (heat treated to AMS 5628; as printed; per Stainless Steel Grade 431). 5 records; grey band = range of its type.
Lowest 800 MPa (QT800 quench and tempered; BS EN 10088-3, 1.4057; 60 to 160 mm; range as printed; per Smiths). Highest 1,379 MPa (heat treated to AMS 5628; as printed; per Stainless Steel Grade 431). 4 records; grey band = range of its type.
Lowest 10 percent (heat treated to AMS 5628; as printed; per Stainless Steel Grade 431). Highest 20 percent (annealed; as printed; per Stainless Steel Grade 431). 3 records; grey band = range of its type.
Lowest 7.80 g/cm3 (condition not stated in the record; as printed; per Smiths). Highest 7.80 g/cm3 (condition not stated in the record; as printed; per Smiths). 1 record; grey band = range of its type.
Stainless steel 440C
Martensitic stainless · UNS S44004; AISI 440C; EN 1.4125
Lowest 1,896 MPa (hardened 1900 F, oil quench, tempered 600 F…; as printed; per AircraftMaterials UK). Highest 1,896 MPa (hardened 1900 F, oil quench, tempered 600 F…; as printed; per Rolled Alloys). 2 records; grey band = range of its type.
Lowest 1,965 MPa (hardened 1900 F, oil quench, tempered 600 F; as printed; per AircraftMaterials UK). Highest 1,965 MPa (hardened 1900 F, oil quench, tempered 600 F; 70 F; as printed; per Rolled Alloys). 2 records; grey band = range of its type.
Lowest 2 percent (hardened 1900 F, oil quench, tempered 600 F; as printed; per AircraftMaterials UK). Highest 2 percent (hardened 1900 F, oil quench, tempered 600 F; as printed; per AircraftMaterials UK). 2 records; grey band = range of its type.
Lowest 7.61 g/cm3 (condition not stated in the record; as printed; per Rolled Alloys). Highest 7.70 g/cm3 (condition not stated in the record; as printed; per NASA). 3 records; grey band = range of its type.
Stainless steel 444
Ferritic stainless · UNS S44400; AISI 444; EN 1.4521
Lowest 275 MPa (sheet, strip and plate (ASTM A240 and ASME SA-240 minimum)…; specified minimum; per ATI). Highest 350 MPa (cold rolled coil and sheet (typical, product code C); Rp0.2, typical…; as printed; per Outokumpu). 5 records; grey band = range of its type.
Lowest 415 MPa (sheet, strip and plate (ASTM A240 and ASME SA-240 minimum); specified minimum; per ATI). Highest 600 MPa (turned bars (indicative data); 20 C; range as printed; per Ugitech). 5 records; grey band = range of its type.
Lowest 20 percent (sheet, strip and plate (ASTM A240 and ASME SA-240 minimum); specified minimum; per ATI). Highest 30 percent (condition not stated in the record; as printed; per ATI). 3 records; grey band = range of its type.
Lowest 7.70 g/cm3 (20 C; as printed; per Ugitech). Highest 7.75 g/cm3 (22 C (72 F); as printed; per ATI). 2 records; grey band = range of its type.
Super-austenitic stainless steel 904L
Austenitic stainless · UNS N08904; AISI 904L; EN 1.4539
Lowest 220 MPa (hot-rolled coil and sheet, and plate; minimum, EN 10088-2; 20 °C; specified minimum; per Outokumpu). Highest 270 MPa (annealed; typical, not a minimum; 20 °C; as printed; per ATI). 4 records; grey band = range of its type.
Lowest 490 MPa (plate, sheet and strip, annealed; minimum, ASTM and ASME specified…; specified minimum; per Sandmeyer). Highest 730 MPa (cold-rolled coil and sheet; range printed as minimum-to-maximum, EN…; range as printed; per Outokumpu). 3 records; grey band = range of its type.
Lowest 35 percent (cold-rolled and hot-rolled; minimum, EN 10088-2; 20 °C; specified minimum; per Outokumpu). Highest 36 percent (plate, sheet and strip, annealed; minimum, ASTM and ASME specified…; specified minimum; per Sandmeyer). 2 records; grey band = range of its type.
Lowest 7.95 g/cm3 (condition not stated in the record; as printed; per Sandmeyer). Highest 8.00 g/cm3 (EN 10088-1 table, rounded to one decimal; 20 °C; as printed; per Outokumpu). 2 records; grey band = range of its type.
Carbon steel 1010
Carbon steel · UNS G10100; AISI 1010
Profile description: plain low-carbon steel.
Lowest 170 MPa (condition not stated in the record; range as printed; per MWAlloys). Highest 345 MPa (condition not stated in the record; range as printed; per MWAlloys). 5 records; grey band = range of its type.
Lowest 310 MPa (condition not stated in the record; range as printed; per MWAlloys). Highest 450 MPa (condition not stated in the record; range as printed; per MWAlloys). 5 records; grey band = range of its type.
Lowest 20 percent (condition not stated in the record; range as printed; per MWAlloys). Highest 40 percent (condition not stated in the record; range as printed; per MWAlloys). 5 records; grey band = range of its type.
Lowest 7.90 g/cm3 (23 °C; as printed; per MfgRobots). Highest 7.90 g/cm3 (23 °C; as printed; per MfgRobots). 2 records; grey band = range of its type.
Carbon steel 1018
Carbon steel · UNS G10180; AISI 1018; EN 1.0453
Profile description: plain low-carbon steel.
Lowest 240 MPa (23 °C; as printed; per MfgRobots). Highest 370 MPa (condition not stated in the record; as printed; per Elgin). 2 records; grey band = range of its type.
Lowest 430 MPa (23 °C; as printed; per MfgRobots). Highest 440 MPa (condition not stated in the record; as printed; per Elgin). 2 records; grey band = range of its type.
Lowest 15 percent (condition not stated in the record; as printed; per Elgin). Highest 27 percent (23 °C; as printed; per MfgRobots). 2 records; grey band = range of its type.
Lowest 7.67 g/cm3 (0 to 30 °C; range as printed; per Total Materia). Highest 7.90 g/cm3 (23 °C; as printed; per MfgRobots). 3 records; grey band = range of its type.
Carbon steel 1045
Carbon steel · UNS G10450; AISI 1045
Profile description: plain medium-carbon steel.
Lowest 300 MPa (minimum (datasheet Min); under 250 mm; specified minimum; per voestalpine). Highest 540 MPa (minimum (datasheet Min); under 16 mm; specified minimum; per voestalpine). 7 records; grey band = range of its type.
Lowest 552 MPa (bar (page section C1045 Bar Products); typical, representative tests; as printed; per Metal Supermarkets). Highest 700 MPa (range as printed; under 250 mm; range as printed; per voestalpine). 7 records; grey band = range of its type.
Lowest 8 percent (minimum (datasheet Min); under 16 mm; specified minimum; per voestalpine). Highest 30 percent (bar (page section C1045 Bar Products); typical, representative tests; as printed; per Metal Supermarkets). 7 records; grey band = range of its type.
Not found in any source we hold.
Carbon steel 1070
Carbon steel · UNS G10700; AISI 1070; EN 1.1231
Profile description: plain high-carbon steel.
Lowest 390 MPa (condition not stated in the record; specified minimum; per Gravity Cast Pvt. Ltd.). Highest 495 MPa (condition not stated in the record; as printed; per eFunda). 2 records; grey band = range of its type.
Lowest 640 MPa (condition not stated in the record; as printed; per Gravity Cast Pvt. Ltd.). Highest 700 MPa (condition not stated in the record; as printed; per Gravity Cast Pvt. Ltd.). 2 records; grey band = range of its type.
Lowest 10 percent (condition not stated in the record; specified minimum; per Gravity Cast Pvt. Ltd.). Highest 10 percent (condition not stated in the record; specified minimum; per Gravity Cast Pvt. Ltd.). 1 record; grey band = range of its type.
Lowest 7.70 g/cm3 (condition not stated in the record; as printed; per AZoM). Highest 8.03 g/cm3 (condition not stated in the record; as printed; per AZoM). 2 records; grey band = range of its type.
Carbon steel 1215
Carbon steel · UNS G12150; AISI 1215
Profile description: free-machining carbon steel.
Lowest 415 MPa (round bar, 19 to 38 mm; as printed; per AISI 1215 Steel). Highest 415 MPa (typical; Alro says the grade may not be required to meet it; as printed; per Alro). 2 records; grey band = range of its type.
Lowest 540 MPa (typical; Alro says the grade may not be required to meet it; as printed; per Alro). Highest 540 MPa (round bar, 19 to 38 mm; as printed; per AISI 1215 Steel). 2 records; grey band = range of its type.
Lowest 10 percent (round bar, 19 to 38 mm; as printed; per AISI 1215 Steel). Highest 10 percent (round bar, 19 to 38 mm; as printed; per AISI 1215 Steel). 2 records; grey band = range of its type.
Lowest 7.67 g/cm3 (0 to 30 °C; range as printed; per Total Materia). Highest 7.87 g/cm3 (round bar, 19 to 38 mm; as printed; per AISI 1215 Steel). 2 records; grey band = range of its type.
Lean duplex stainless steel 2101 (UNS S32101)
Duplex stainless · UNS S32101; EN 1.4162
Lowest 450 MPa (plate over 5 mm thick; ASTM A240; specified minimum; per Atlas). Highest 450 MPa (plate over 5 mm thick; ASTM A240; specified minimum; per Atlas). 1 record; grey band = range of its type.
Lowest 650 MPa (plate over 5 mm thick; ASTM A240; specified minimum; per Atlas). Highest 650 MPa (plate over 5 mm thick; ASTM A240; specified minimum; per Atlas). 1 record; grey band = range of its type.
Lowest 30 percent (plate over 5 mm thick; ASTM A240; specified minimum; per Atlas). Highest 30 percent (plate over 5 mm thick; ASTM A240; specified minimum; per Atlas). 1 record; grey band = range of its type.
Lowest 7.80 g/cm3 (annealed; typical values in the annealed condition; as printed; per Atlas). Highest 7.80 g/cm3 (annealed; typical values in the annealed condition; as printed; per Atlas). 1 record; grey band = range of its type.
Duplex stainless steel 2205
Duplex stainless · UNS S32205; EN 1.4462
Profile description: austenite-ferrite stainless steel.
Lowest 450 MPa (plate, sheet and strip (ASTM A240, UNS S32205); specified minimum; per ATI). Highest 895 MPa (cold worked, no subsequent heat treatment…; specified minimum; per Alleima). 4 records; grey band = range of its type.
Lowest 655 MPa (plate, sheet and strip (ASTM A240, UNS S32205); specified minimum; per ATI). Highest 965 MPa (cold worked, no subsequent heat treatment…; specified minimum; per Alleima). 4 records; grey band = range of its type.
Lowest 25 percent (plate, sheet and strip (ASTM A240, UNS S32205); specified minimum; per ATI). Highest 25 percent (plate, sheet and strip (ASTM A240, UNS S32205); specified minimum; per ATI). 1 record; grey band = range of its type.
Lowest 7.80 g/cm3 (seamless tube and pipe (SAF 2205 datasheet); as printed; per Alleima). Highest 7.82 g/cm3 (plate, sheet and strip (ASTM A240, UNS S32205); as printed; per ATI). 2 records; grey band = range of its type.
Lean duplex stainless steel 2304
Duplex stainless · UNS S32304; EN 1.4362
Lowest 400 MPa (annealed (ASTM A240 minimum); ATI 2304 plate, ASTM A240 minimum…; specified minimum; per ATI). Highest 400 MPa (annealed (ASTM A240 minimum); ATI 2304 plate, ASTM A240 minimum…; specified minimum; per ATI). 2 records; grey band = range of its type.
Lowest 600 MPa (annealed (ASTM A240 minimum); ATI 2304 plate, ASTM A240 minimum…; specified minimum; per ATI). Highest 820 MPa (solution annealed; seamless tube and pipe, wall up to 20 mm; 20 C; range as printed; per Alleima). 2 records; grey band = range of its type.
Lowest 25 percent (annealed (ASTM A240 minimum); ATI 2304 plate, ASTM A240 minimum…; specified minimum; per ATI). Highest 25 percent (annealed (ASTM A240 minimum); ATI 2304 plate, ASTM A240 minimum…; specified minimum; per ATI). 1 record; grey band = range of its type.
Lowest 7.80 g/cm3 (ATI 2304 plate (TDS typical data); as printed; per ATI). Highest 7.80 g/cm3 (ATI 2304 plate (TDS typical data); as printed; per ATI). 2 records; grey band = range of its type.
Super duplex stainless steel 2507
Duplex stainless · UNS S32750; EN 1.4410
Lowest 530 MPa (solution annealed and quenched; forgings produced from billets (ASTM…; specified minimum; per Alleima). Highest 550 MPa (solution annealed and quenched; seamless tube and pipe, wall up to…; specified minimum; per Alleima). 2 records; grey band = range of its type.
Lowest 750 MPa (solution annealed and quenched; forgings produced from billets (ASTM…; range as printed; per Alleima). Highest 1,000 MPa (solution annealed and quenched; seamless tube and pipe, wall up to…; range as printed; per Alleima). 3 records; grey band = range of its type.
Lowest 25 percent (solution annealed and quenched; seamless tube and pipe, wall up to…; specified minimum; per Alleima). Highest 25 percent (solution annealed and quenched; seamless tube and pipe, wall up to…; specified minimum; per Alleima). 2 records; grey band = range of its type.
Lowest 7.80 g/cm3 (seamless tube and pipe; typical value as printed; as printed; per Alleima). Highest 7.80 g/cm3 (seamless tube and pipe; typical value as printed; as printed; per Alleima). 1 record; grey band = range of its type.
Alloy steel AISI 4130 (chromium-molybdenum)
Alloy steel · UNS G41300; AISI 4130
Profile description: low-alloy chromium-molybdenum steel.
Lowest 435 MPa (normalised at 870 C (1600 F), as the MatWeb record title states…; as printed; per MatWeb). Highest 1,330 MPa (quenched and tempered: austenitize 1116 K, water quench, temper…; as printed; per Technical Reference on Hydrogen). 6 records; grey band = range of its type.
Lowest 655 MPa (cold drawn tube, AMS 6371; as printed; per Aircraft Materials). Highest 1,600 MPa (quenched and tempered: austenitize 1116 K, water quench, temper…; as printed; per Technical Reference on Hydrogen). 6 records; grey band = range of its type.
Lowest 26 percent (normalised at 870 C (1600 F), as the MatWeb record title states; as printed; per MatWeb). Highest 26 percent (normalised at 870 C (1600 F), as the MatWeb record title states; as printed; per MatWeb). 1 record; grey band = range of its type.
Lowest 7.85 g/cm3 (physical properties table; no temperature stated…; as printed; per MatWeb). Highest 7.85 g/cm3 (physical properties table; no temperature stated…; as printed; per MatWeb). 1 record; grey band = range of its type.
Alloy steel AISI 4140 (chromium-molybdenum)
Alloy steel · UNS G41400; AISI 4140; EN 1.7225
Profile description: medium-carbon chromium-molybdenum alloy steel.
Lowest 570 MPa (hardened and tempered, supplied to condition T (the temper…; as printed; per Aircraft Alloy Steel AISI). Highest 1,235 MPa (A 1116 K/60 min, water quench, T 755 K/120 min (A 843 C 1 h, water…; as printed; per Technical Reference on Hydrogen). 7 records; grey band = range of its type.
Lowest 745 MPa (A 1116 K/60 min, oil quench, T 977 K/120 min, air cool (A 843 C 1 h…; as printed; per Technical Reference on Hydrogen). Highest 1,283 MPa (A 1116 K/60 min, water quench, T 755 K/120 min (A 843 C 1 h, water…; as printed; per Technical Reference on Hydrogen). 8 records; grey band = range of its type.
Lowest 3 percent (A 1116 K/60 min, water quench, T 755 K/120 min (A 843 C 1 h, water…; as printed; per Technical Reference on Hydrogen). Highest 18 percent (normalised at 870 C, air cooled; 25 mm (1 in.) round; as printed; per Elgin). 4 records; grey band = range of its type.
Lowest 7.85 g/cm3 (physical properties table; no temperature or heat treatment stated; as printed; per Elgin). Highest 7.85 g/cm3 (physical properties table; no temperature or heat treatment stated; as printed; per Elgin). 1 record; grey band = range of its type.
Alloy steel AISI 4340 (nickel-chromium-molybdenum)
Alloy steel · UNS G43400; AISI 4340
Profile description: nickel-chromium-molybdenum low-alloy steel.
Lowest 665 MPa (quenched and tempered to condition T…; specified minimum; per voestalpine). Highest 1,125 MPa (quenched and tempered to condition Z* (asterisked: typically ordered…; specified minimum; per voestalpine). 7 records; grey band = range of its type.
Lowest 745 MPa (annealed at 810 C (as printed by eFunda); 25 C; as printed; per eFunda). Highest 1,550 MPa (quenched and tempered to condition Z* (asterisked: typically ordered…; specified minimum; per voestalpine). 8 records; grey band = range of its type.
Lowest 5 percent (quenched and tempered to condition Z* (asterisked: typically ordered…; specified minimum; per voestalpine). Highest 13 percent (quenched and tempered to condition T…; specified minimum; per voestalpine). 7 records; grey band = range of its type.
Lowest 7.70 g/cm3 (25 C; range as printed; per eFunda). Highest 8.03 g/cm3 (25 C; range as printed; per eFunda). 1 record; grey band = range of its type.
AISI 52100 bearing steel
Alloy steel · UNS G52986; AISI 52100; EN 1.3505
Profile description: high-carbon chromium alloy steel.
Not found in any source we hold.
Not found in any source we hold.
Not found in any source we hold.
Lowest 7.67 g/cm3 (0 to 30 °C; range as printed; per Total Materia). Highest 7.86 g/cm3 (0 to 30 °C; range as printed; per Total Materia). 2 records; grey band = range of its type.
AISI A2 air-hardening cold-work tool steel (EN 1.2363, X100CrMoV5)
Tool steel · UNS T30102; AISI A2; EN 1.2363
Profile description: air-hardening cold-work tool steel.
Not found in any source we hold.
Not found in any source we hold.
Not found in any source we hold.
Lowest 7.86 g/cm3 (25 C; as printed; per eFunda). Highest 7.86 g/cm3 (25 C; as printed; per eFunda). 1 record; grey band = range of its type.
ASTM A36 structural carbon steel
Carbon steel · UNS K02600
Profile description: low-carbon structural steel.
Lowest 220 MPa (plates; Wikipedia prints 32 ksi (220 MPa) for plates thicker than 8…; specified minimum; per Wikipedia). Highest 250 MPa (plates, bars and shapes; minimum as printed with its MPa conversion…; specified minimum; per Wikipedia). 3 records; grey band = range of its type.
Lowest 400 MPa (mill plate and temper-leveled plate (SSAB product table)…; range as printed; per SSAB). Highest 552 MPa (mill plate and temper-leveled plate (SSAB product table)…; range as printed; per SSAB). 2 records; grey band = range of its type.
Lowest 18 percent (mill plate and temper-leveled plate (SSAB product table)…; specified minimum; per SSAB). Highest 21 percent (mill plate and temper-leveled plate (SSAB product table)…; specified minimum; per SSAB). 2 records; grey band = range of its type.
Lowest 7.80 g/cm3 (Wikipedia prints 0.28 lb/in3 (7.8 g/cm3); as printed; per Wikipedia). Highest 7.80 g/cm3 (Wikipedia prints 0.28 lb/in3 (7.8 g/cm3); as printed; per Wikipedia). 1 record; grey band = range of its type.
Silver steel (BS 1407 high-carbon bright tool steel)
Tool steel · UNS T61202; AISI L2; EN 1.2210
Not found in any source we hold.
Lowest 700 MPa (annealed, as supplied; range as printed; per Certificate of Conformity). Highest 850 MPa (annealed, as supplied; range as printed; per Certificate of Conformity). 1 record; grey band = range of its type.
Not found in any source we hold.
Lowest 7.80 g/cm3 (ambient, as the datasheet heading says; as printed; per SIHARD 2210 Steel). Highest 7.80 g/cm3 (ambient, as the datasheet heading says; as printed; per SIHARD 2210 Steel). 1 record; grey band = range of its type.
Custom 465 stainless steel
Precipitation-hardening stainless · UNS S46500
Lowest 1,172 MPa (minimum and maximum of the yield strength range printed in Table 3…; range as printed; per Stainless Steel Grade 465). Highest 1,862 MPa (minimum and maximum of the yield strength range printed in Table 3…; range as printed; per Stainless Steel Grade 465). 5 records; grey band = range of its type.
Lowest 1,310 MPa (minimum and maximum of the tensile strength range printed in Table 3…; range as printed; per Stainless Steel Grade 465). Highest 1,931 MPa (minimum and maximum of the tensile strength range printed in Table 3…; range as printed; per Stainless Steel Grade 465). 4 records; grey band = range of its type.
Lowest 2 percent (minimum and maximum printed in Table 3…; range as printed; per Stainless Steel Grade 465). Highest 14 percent (minimum and maximum printed in Table 3…; range as printed; per Stainless Steel Grade 465). 3 records; grey band = range of its type.
Lowest 7.81 g/cm3 (Annealed (solution annealed, the condition in which the alloy is…; as printed; per Custom 465 Stainless Steel). Highest 7.84 g/cm3 (H1000 (age condition as printed in the table); as printed; per Custom 465 Stainless Steel). 2 records; grey band = range of its type.
AISI D2 cold-work tool steel (EN 1.2379, X153CrMoV12)
Tool steel · UNS T30402; AISI D2; EN 1.2379
Profile description: cold-work tool steel.
Not found in any source we hold.
Not found in any source we hold.
Not found in any source we hold.
Lowest 7.70 g/cm3 (hardened and tempered to 62 HRC (the sheet's state for physical…; as printed; per Uddeholm). Highest 8.00 g/cm3 (condition not stated in the record; range as printed; per Total Materia). 3 records; grey band = range of its type.
Gray cast iron (flake graphite iron)
Cast iron · EN 5.1203
Profile description: cast iron with flake graphite.
Lowest 165 MPa (20.0 °C; range as printed; per MfgRobots). Highest 228 MPa (20.0 °C; range as printed; per MfgRobots). 1 record; grey band = range of its type.
Lowest 138 MPa (tensile strength as printed; minimum or typical not stated; 20…; as printed; per Align Manufacturing). Highest 431 MPa (table value; minimum or typical not stated on the page; 60; ASTM A48; as printed; per Wikipedia). 12 records; grey band = range of its type.
Lowest 0 percent (20.0 °C; range as printed; per MfgRobots). Highest 1 percent (20.0 °C; range as printed; per MfgRobots). 1 record; grey band = range of its type.
Lowest 7.20 g/cm3 (20.0 °C; as printed; per MfgRobots). Highest 7.20 g/cm3 (20.0 °C; as printed; per MfgRobots). 1 record; grey band = range of its type.
AISI H13 hot-work tool steel (EN 1.2344, X40CrMoV5-1)
Tool steel · AISI H13; EN 1.2344
Profile description: hot-work tool steel.
Lowest 1,280 MPa (austenitised 1025 °C for 30 min, air quenched, tempered 2 + 2 h at…; as printed; per Uddeholm). Highest 1,520 MPa (Austenitising, quench and tempering for this column are not stated…; as printed; per Uddeholm). 2 records; grey band = range of its type.
Lowest 1,420 MPa (austenitised 1025 °C for 30 min, air quenched, tempered 2 + 2 h at…; as printed; per Uddeholm). Highest 1,820 MPa (Austenitising, quench and tempering for this column are not stated…; as printed; per Uddeholm). 2 records; grey band = range of its type.
Not found in any source we hold.
Lowest 7.80 g/cm3 (Uddeholm PROPERTIES note, default for the section: austenitised 1025…; as printed; per Uddeholm). Highest 7.80 g/cm3 (Uddeholm PROPERTIES note, default for the section: austenitised 1025…; as printed; per Uddeholm). 1 record; grey band = range of its type.
Nitronic 60 stainless steel
Austenitic stainless · UNS S21800
Lowest 345 MPa (annealed; bar over 12.7 mm diameter; specified minimum; per Smiths). Highest 393 MPa (annealed; nominal 1 inch (25.4 mm) diameter bar; 70 F (21 C); as printed; per Nitronic 60 Stainless Steel). 2 records; grey band = range of its type.
Lowest 655 MPa (annealed; bar over 12.7 mm diameter; specified minimum; per Smiths). Highest 717 MPa (annealed; nominal 1 inch (25.4 mm) diameter bar; 70 F (21 C); as printed; per Nitronic 60 Stainless Steel). 2 records; grey band = range of its type.
Lowest 35 percent (annealed; specified minimum; per Smiths). Highest 62 percent (annealed; nominal 1 inch (25.4 mm) diameter bar; 70 F (21 C); as printed; per Nitronic 60 Stainless Steel). 2 records; grey band = range of its type.
Lowest 7.62 g/cm3 (75 F (24 C); as printed; per Nitronic 60). Highest 7.62 g/cm3 (75 F (24 C); as printed; per Nitronic 60). 1 record; grey band = range of its type.
P20 plastic mould steel (AISI P20, UNS T51620, EN 1.2311)
Tool steel · UNS T51620; AISI P-20; EN 1.2311
Profile description: pre-hardened chromium-molybdenum mould steel.
Lowest 827 MPa (pre-hardened P20, typical (about 300 HB, 30 HRC as printed)…; range as printed; per Smith). Highest 862 MPa (pre-hardened P20, typical (about 300 HB, 30 HRC as printed)…; range as printed; per Smith). 1 record; grey band = range of its type.
Lowest 950 MPa (supplied quenched and tempered, 280 to 325 HB as delivered; range as printed; per Wilhelm Oberste-Beulmann). Highest 1,100 MPa (supplied quenched and tempered, 280 to 325 HB as delivered; range as printed; per Wilhelm Oberste-Beulmann). 2 records; grey band = range of its type.
Lowest 20 percent (pre-hardened P20, typical (about 300 HB, 30 HRC as printed); as printed; per Smith). Highest 20 percent (pre-hardened P20, typical (about 300 HB, 30 HRC as printed); as printed; per Smith). 1 record; grey band = range of its type.
Lowest 7.83 g/cm3 (pre-hardened plastic mould steel, average value as printed…; as printed; per SIJ Metal Ravne). Highest 7.86 g/cm3 (condition not stated in the record; as printed; per Alro). 2 records; grey band = range of its type.
Martensitic stainless steel 13Cr-4Ni (UNS S41500)
Martensitic stainless · UNS S41500; AISI CA6-NM; EN 10088-3
Lowest 517 MPa (hardened and double tempered, NACE-approved grade (Howco)…; specified minimum; per Howco Group). Highest 800 MPa (+QT900 (quenched and tempered, minimum strength index 900 MPa)…; specified minimum; per Deutsche Edelstahlwerke). 7 records; grey band = range of its type.
Lowest 700 MPa (+QT700 (quenched and tempered, minimum strength index 700 MPa)…; range as printed; per Deutsche Edelstahlwerke). Highest 1,100 MPa (+A (soft annealed), all diameters; maximum; DIN EN 10088-3; specified maximum; per Deutsche Edelstahlwerke). 7 records; grey band = range of its type.
Lowest 15 percent (+QT700 (quenched and tempered, minimum strength index 700 MPa)…; as printed; per Deutsche Edelstahlwerke). Highest 18 percent (hardened and double tempered, NACE-approved grade (Howco); as printed; per Howco Group). 5 records; grey band = range of its type.
Lowest 7.61 g/cm3 (0 - 30 C; range as printed; per Total Materia). Highest 8.10 g/cm3 (0 - 30 C; range as printed; per Total Materia). 1 record; grey band = range of its type.
Ductile iron (nodular iron, SG iron)
Cast iron · EN 0.7040
Profile description: cast iron with spheroidal graphite.
Lowest 276 MPa (full ferritizing anneal (ASTM A536 summary)…; as printed; per Goldens). Highest 621 MPa (quench and temper, normalize and temper, or isothermal (ASTM A536…; as printed; per Goldens). 7 records; grey band = range of its type.
Lowest 350 MPa (condition not stated in the record; specified minimum; per Total Materia). Highest 827 MPa (quench and temper, normalize and temper, or isothermal (ASTM A536…; as printed; per Goldens). 9 records; grey band = range of its type.
Lowest 2 percent (quench and temper, normalize and temper, or isothermal (ASTM A536…; as printed; per Goldens). Highest 18 percent (full ferritizing anneal (ASTM A536 summary); grade value as printed; as printed; per Goldens). 9 records; grey band = range of its type.
Not found in any source we hold.
Which grades belong to each type of steel?
The table lists all 57 profiled grades by type: 7 carbon steels, 4 alloy steels, 7 tool steels, 37 stainless steels in five sub-families and 2 cast irons. Each range runs from the lowest to the highest value recorded across the tempers, forms and tests on that grade's profile page, so it is a spread, not a design value. A cell reading "not found" means not found in any source we hold.
| Grade | Designations | Yield strength, MPa | Tensile strength, MPa | Elongation, % | Density, g/cm3 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Carbon steel · 7 grades | |||||
| 300M ultra-high-strength steel (UNS K44220) | UNS K44220; AISI 300M | 1,517 | 1,862 | 8 | 7.85 |
| Carbon steel 1010 | UNS G10100; AISI 1010 | 170 to 345 | 310 to 450 | 20 to 40 | 7.90 |
| Carbon steel 1018 | UNS G10180; AISI 1018; EN 1.0453 | 240 to 370 | 430 to 440 | 15 to 27 | 7.67 to 7.90 |
| Carbon steel 1045 | UNS G10450; AISI 1045 | 300 to 540 | 552 to 700 | 8 to 30 | not found |
| Carbon steel 1070 | UNS G10700; AISI 1070; EN 1.1231 | 390 to 495 | 640 to 700 | 10 | 7.70 to 8.03 |
| Carbon steel 1215 | UNS G12150; AISI 1215 | 415 | 540 | 10 | 7.67 to 7.87 |
| ASTM A36 structural carbon steel | UNS K02600 | 220 to 250 | 400 to 552 | 18 to 21 | 7.80 |
| Alloy steel · 4 grades | |||||
| Alloy steel AISI 4130 (chromium-molybdenum) | UNS G41300; AISI 4130 | 435 to 1,330 | 655 to 1,600 | 26 | 7.85 |
| Alloy steel AISI 4140 (chromium-molybdenum) | UNS G41400; AISI 4140; EN 1.7225 | 570 to 1,235 | 745 to 1,283 | 3 to 18 | 7.85 |
| Alloy steel AISI 4340 (nickel-chromium-molybdenum) | UNS G43400; AISI 4340 | 665 to 1,125 | 745 to 1,550 | 5 to 13 | 7.70 to 8.03 |
| AISI 52100 bearing steel | UNS G52986; AISI 52100; EN 1.3505 | not found | not found | not found | 7.67 to 7.86 |
| Tool steel · 7 grades | |||||
| 1.2316 stainless plastic mould steel (EN 1.2316, printed name X38CrMo16) | EN 1.2316 | not found | 950 to 1,100 | not found | 7.70 |
| 1.2738 plastic mould steel (40CrMnNiMo8-6-4, AISI P20+Ni) | AISI P20+Ni; EN 1.2738 | 826 | 950 to 1,100 | 17 | 7.80 |
| AISI A2 air-hardening cold-work tool steel (EN 1.2363, X100CrMoV5) | UNS T30102; AISI A2; EN 1.2363 | not found | not found | not found | 7.86 |
| Silver steel (BS 1407 high-carbon bright tool steel) | UNS T61202; AISI L2; EN 1.2210 | not found | 700 to 850 | not found | 7.80 |
| AISI D2 cold-work tool steel (EN 1.2379, X153CrMoV12) | UNS T30402; AISI D2; EN 1.2379 | not found | not found | not found | 7.70 to 8.00 |
| AISI H13 hot-work tool steel (EN 1.2344, X40CrMoV5-1) | AISI H13; EN 1.2344 | 1,280 to 1,520 | 1,420 to 1,820 | not found | 7.80 |
| P20 plastic mould steel (AISI P20, UNS T51620, EN 1.2311) | UNS T51620; AISI P-20; EN 1.2311 | 827 to 862 | 950 to 1,100 | 20 | 7.83 to 7.86 |
| Stainless steel › Austenitic stainless · 16 grades | |||||
| Stainless steel 301 | UNS S30100; AISI 301; EN 1.4310 | 205 to 1,103 | 515 to 1,276 | 9 to 40 | 7.88 to 8.03 |
| AISI 302 stainless steel (UNS S30200, EN 1.4310) | UNS S30200; AISI 302; EN 1.4310 | 195 to 338 | 500 to 2,200 | 40 to 55 | 7.90 |
| Stainless steel 303 | UNS S30300; AISI 303; EN 1.4305 | 172 to 207 | 500 to 517 | 35 | 7.89 to 8.03 |
| Stainless steel 304 | UNS S30400; AISI 304; EN 1.4301 | 205 to 210 | 210 to 1,050 | 40 to 70 | 7.85 to 8.06 |
| Stainless steel 304L | UNS S30403; AISI 304L; EN 1.4307 | 170 to 241 | 485 to 586 | 40 to 55 | 7.90 |
| AISI 309 stainless steel | UNS S30900; AISI 309 | 207 to 290 | 517 to 621 | 40 to 49 | 8.03 |
| Stainless steel 310S | UNS S31008; AISI 310S; EN 1.4845 | 205 to 290 | 500 to 750 | 40 to 42 | 7.80 to 8.03 |
| Stainless steel 316 | UNS S31600; EN 1.4401 | 193 to 213 | 480 to 620 | 40 | 7.87 to 8.07 |
| Stainless steel 316L | UNS S31603; AISI 316L; EN 1.4404 | 170 to 290 | 485 to 558 | 40 to 50 | 7.99 to 8.03 |
| AISI 317L stainless steel | UNS S31703; AISI 317L; EN 1.4438 | 200 to 260 | 500 to 700 | 40 | 8.03 |
| AISI 317LMN stainless steel | UNS S31726; AISI 317LMN; EN 1.4439 | 240 to 280 | 550 to 800 | 35 to 40 | 8.00 |
| AISI 321 stainless steel (UNS S32100, EN 1.4541) | UNS S32100; AISI 321; EN 1.4541 | 205 to 320 | 515 to 586 | 35 to 55 | 7.92 to 8.09 |
| AISI 347 stainless steel | UNS S34700; AISI 347; EN 1.4550 | 205 to 250 | 515 to 640 | 40 to 45 | 7.96 |
| AISI 347H stainless steel | UNS S34709; AISI 347H | 205 to 252 | 515 to 643 | 35 to 40 | 7.90 to 7.98 |
| Super-austenitic stainless steel 904L | UNS N08904; AISI 904L; EN 1.4539 | 220 to 270 | 490 to 730 | 35 to 36 | 7.95 to 8.00 |
| Nitronic 60 stainless steel | UNS S21800 | 345 to 393 | 655 to 717 | 35 to 62 | 7.62 |
| Stainless steel › Ferritic stainless · 4 grades | |||||
| Stainless steel 409 | UNS S40900; AISI 409; EN 1.4512 | 170 to 255 | 380 to 560 | 20 to 33 | 7.60 to 7.75 |
| Stainless steel 430 | UNS S43000; AISI 430; EN 1.4016 | 207 to 386 | 400 to 630 | 20 to 37 | 7.70 to 7.74 |
| Stainless steel 430F | UNS S43020; AISI 430F; EN 1.4104 | 379 to 500 | 552 to 850 | 15 to 25 | 7.70 |
| Stainless steel 444 | UNS S44400; AISI 444; EN 1.4521 | 275 to 350 | 415 to 600 | 20 to 30 | 7.70 to 7.75 |
| Stainless steel › Martensitic stainless · 8 grades | |||||
| Martensitic stainless steel (EN 1.4418, X4CrNiMo16-5-1) | EN 1.4418 | 550 to 920 | 760 to 1,100 | 14 to 18 | 7.70 |
| Stainless steel 410 | UNS S41000; AISI 410; EN 1.4006 | 205 to 1,089 | 448 to 1,331 | 17 to 34 | 7.73 to 7.75 |
| Stainless steel 410S | UNS S41008; AISI 410S; EN 1.4000 | 207 to 290 | 414 to 448 | 22 to 33 | 7.73 |
| AISI 416 stainless steel | UNS S41600; AISI 416; EN 1.4005 | 276 to 951 | 517 to 1,172 | 12 to 30 | 7.70 to 7.81 |
| Stainless steel 420 | UNS S42000; AISI 420; EN 1.4021 | 355 to 1,311 | 592 to 1,760 | 12 to 13 | 7.70 to 7.75 |
| Stainless steel 431 | UNS S43100; AISI 431; EN 1.4057 | 600 to 1,034 | 800 to 1,379 | 10 to 20 | 7.80 |
| Stainless steel 440C | UNS S44004; AISI 440C; EN 1.4125 | 1,896 | 1,965 | 2 | 7.61 to 7.70 |
| Martensitic stainless steel 13Cr-4Ni (UNS S41500) | UNS S41500; AISI CA6-NM; EN 10088-3 | 517 to 800 | 700 to 1,100 | 15 to 18 | 7.61 to 8.10 |
| Stainless steel › Duplex stainless · 4 grades | |||||
| Lean duplex stainless steel 2101 (UNS S32101) | UNS S32101; EN 1.4162 | 450 | 650 | 30 | 7.80 |
| Duplex stainless steel 2205 | UNS S32205; EN 1.4462 | 450 to 895 | 655 to 965 | 25 | 7.80 to 7.82 |
| Lean duplex stainless steel 2304 | UNS S32304; EN 1.4362 | 400 | 600 to 820 | 25 | 7.80 |
| Super duplex stainless steel 2507 | UNS S32750; EN 1.4410 | 530 to 550 | 750 to 1,000 | 25 | 7.80 |
| Stainless steel › Precipitation-hardening stainless · 5 grades | |||||
| 15-5 PH stainless steel | UNS S15500; EN 1.4545 | 724 to 1,172 | 931 to 1,310 | 6 to 11 | 7.80 |
| PH 15-7 Mo stainless steel | UNS S15700; AISI 632; EN 1.4532 | 380 to 1,515 | 860 to 1,690 | 6 to 30 | 7.67 to 7.80 |
| 17-4 PH stainless steel | UNS S17400; AISI 630; EN 1.4542 | 725 to 1,262 | 930 to 1,365 | 5 to 20 | 7.75 to 7.86 |
| 17-7 PH stainless steel | UNS S17700; AISI 631; EN 1.4568 | 310 to 1,896 | 827 to 2,034 | 2 to 35 | 7.65 to 7.81 |
| Custom 465 stainless steel | UNS S46500 | 1,172 to 1,862 | 1,310 to 1,931 | 2 to 14 | 7.81 to 7.84 |
| Cast iron (not steel) · 2 grades | |||||
| Gray cast iron (flake graphite iron) | EN 5.1203 | 165 to 228 | 138 to 431 | 0 to 1 | 7.20 |
| Ductile iron (nodular iron, SG iron) | EN 0.7040 | 276 to 621 | 350 to 827 | 2 to 18 | not found |
"Not found" means not found in any source we hold. Ranges run across tempers, forms and tests; the condition behind the lowest and highest value of each grade is on the grade's profile page and in the CSV. Elongation depends on gauge length, which differs between sources.
What is carbon steel, and how is it graded by carbon content?
Carbon steel is iron with carbon and manganese as its main additions, and the carbon share grades it: AISI 1018 is a plain low-carbon steel with about 0.14 to 0.20 percent carbon, AISI 1045 a plain medium-carbon steel with about 0.43 to 0.50 percent, and AISI 1070 a plain high-carbon steel with 0.65 to 0.75 percent, per the composition on each profile page. The database holds 7 carbon steel profiles.
Within the database, AISI 1018 is described as cheap, easy to machine and easy to weld, ASTM A36 as the common low-carbon structural steel of the United States, and AISI 1215 as a free-machining grade. Yield strength of the 7 carbon steels runs from 170 MPa for Carbon steel 1010 (condition not stated in the record; range as printed; per MWAlloys) up to 1,517 MPa for 300M ultra-high-strength steel (UNS K44220) (normalise 927 °C, harden 871 °C in oil, temper 204 to 649 °C (SSA heat treatment…; specified minimum; per 300M).
| Grade | Profile description | Lowest yield, MPa | Condition at lowest | Highest yield, MPa | Condition at highest |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 300M ultra-high-strength steel (UNS K44220) | see the profile | 1,517 | normalise 927 °C, harden 871 °C in oil, temper 204 to 649 °C (SSA heat…; specified minimum | 1,517 | normalise 927 °C, harden 871 °C in oil, temper 204 to 649 °C (SSA heat…; specified minimum |
| Carbon steel 1010 | plain low-carbon steel | 170 | condition not stated in the record; range as printed | 345 | condition not stated in the record; range as printed |
| Carbon steel 1018 | plain low-carbon steel | 240 | 23 °C; as printed | 370 | condition not stated in the record; as printed |
| Carbon steel 1045 | plain medium-carbon steel | 300 | minimum (datasheet Min); under 250 mm; specified minimum | 540 | minimum (datasheet Min); under 16 mm; specified minimum |
| Carbon steel 1070 | plain high-carbon steel | 390 | condition not stated in the record; specified minimum | 495 | condition not stated in the record; as printed |
| Carbon steel 1215 | free-machining carbon steel | 415 | round bar, 19 to 38 mm; as printed | 415 | typical; Alro says the grade may not be required to meet it; as printed |
| ASTM A36 structural carbon steel | low-carbon structural steel | 220 | plates; Wikipedia prints 32 ksi (220 MPa) for plates thicker than 8 inches…; specified minimum | 250 | plates, bars and shapes; minimum as printed with its MPa conversion…; specified minimum |
A specified minimum and a typical value are different kinds of number, so the table names which each is. Compare like with like. For choosing between grades read which carbon or alloy steel to pick. Strength by condition is in tensile and yield strength of carbon and alloy steel.
What is alloy steel, and how does it differ from carbon steel?
Alloy steel adds elements such as chromium, molybdenum and nickel to the iron-carbon base: AISI 4140 is a chromium-molybdenum steel, AISI 4340 adds nickel, and AISI 52100 is a high-carbon chromium bearing steel. Strength then depends on heat treatment, so the 4 alloy steel profiles record yield strength from 435 to 1,330 MPa across their conditions, against 170 to 1,517 MPa for the 7 carbon steels.
AISI 52100 is a bearing steel with 0.980 to 1.10 % carbon and 1.30 to 1.60 % chromium (per AZoM's composition table in its profile), It sits with the alloy steels here because chromium is a deliberate addition, and its yield strength is not found in any source we hold.
| Grade | Profile description | Lowest yield, MPa | Condition at lowest | Highest yield, MPa | Condition at highest |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Alloy steel AISI 4130 (chromium-molybdenum) | low-alloy chromium-molybdenum steel | 435 | normalised at 870 C (1600 F), as the MatWeb record title states…; as printed | 1,330 | quenched and tempered: austenitize 1116 K, water quench, temper between 523 K…; as printed |
| Alloy steel AISI 4140 (chromium-molybdenum) | medium-carbon chromium-molybdenum alloy steel | 570 | hardened and tempered, supplied to condition T (the temper temperature is not…; as printed | 1,235 | A 1116 K/60 min, water quench, T 755 K/120 min (A 843 C 1 h, water quench…; as printed |
| Alloy steel AISI 4340 (nickel-chromium-molybdenum) | nickel-chromium-molybdenum low-alloy steel | 665 | quenched and tempered to condition T; harden 815 to 845 C, oil or polymer…; specified minimum | 1,125 | quenched and tempered to condition Z* (asterisked: typically ordered annealed…; specified minimum |
| AISI 52100 bearing steel | high-carbon chromium alloy steel | Yield strength: not found in any source we hold | |||
What is tool steel?
Tool steel is alloy steel for cutting, forming and moulding tools, and its hardness depends on the hardening and tempering cycle. In the database AISI D2 is a cold-work tool steel, AISI H13 a hot-work tool steel and AISI P20 a pre-hardened chromium-molybdenum mould steel. Yield strength is recorded for only 3 of 7 tool steel profiles.
Hardness records for the tool steels: Rockwell C hardness of 28 to 68 HRC for 6 of 7 profiles and Brinell hardness of 180 to 330 HB for 7, on separate scales, each with its heat treatment. Tensile strength is recorded for 5 profiles (700 to 1,820 MPa).
| Grade | Profile description | Hardness, HRC | Hardness, HB | Yield, MPa | Tensile, MPa |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1.2316 stainless plastic mould steel (EN 1.2316, printed name X38CrMo16) | stainless, martensitic chromium-molybdenum steel for plastic moulds | 30 to 48 | 230 to 325 | not found | 950 to 1,100 |
| 1.2738 plastic mould steel (40CrMnNiMo8-6-4, AISI P20+Ni) | pre-hardened, low-sulphur plastic mould steel | 28 to 51 | 235 to 330 | 826 | 950 to 1,100 |
| AISI A2 air-hardening cold-work tool steel (EN 1.2363, X100CrMoV5) | air-hardening cold-work tool steel | not found | 241 | not found | not found |
| Silver steel (BS 1407 high-carbon bright tool steel) | see the profile | 51 to 68 | 207 to 285 | not found | 700 to 850 |
| AISI D2 cold-work tool steel (EN 1.2379, X153CrMoV12) | cold-work tool steel | 35 to 65 | 210 to 255 | not found | not found |
| AISI H13 hot-work tool steel (EN 1.2344, X40CrMoV5-1) | hot-work tool steel | 45 to 54 | 180 to 229 | 1,280 to 1,520 | 1,420 to 1,820 |
| P20 plastic mould steel (AISI P20, UNS T51620, EN 1.2311) | pre-hardened chromium-molybdenum mould steel | 28 to 51 | 230 to 325 | 827 to 862 | 950 to 1,100 |
Each hardness range spans every heat-treatment state recorded for that grade (annealed, delivery, hardened, tempered), so the low end is a soft state and the high end a hardened one. The state behind each end is on the grade's profile page. "Not found" means not found in any source we hold.
What are the types of stainless steel?
Stainless steel comes in five types in our data: austenitic (16 profiles), ferritic (4), martensitic (8), duplex (4) and precipitation-hardening (5). They differ in crystal structure and hardening route: austenitic stainless steel 304 holds about 18 percent chromium and 8 to 11 percent nickel, while ferritic stainless steel 430 holds 16.0 to 18.0 percent chromium and cannot be hardened by heat treatment.
Martensitic stainless steel 410 is called the basic hardenable martensitic stainless steel, with about 12 percent chromium and 0.08 to 0.15 percent carbon; duplex stainless steel 2205, with 22 to 23 percent chromium, is an austenite-ferrite stainless steel; and 17-4 PH is a martensitic, precipitation-hardening stainless steel. The sub-family decides how the steel is strengthened, which is why the ranges below differ so much.
| Sub-family | Grades | Yield, MPa | Tensile, MPa | Lowest yield: grade and condition | Highest yield: grade and condition |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Austenitic stainless | 16 | 170 to 1,103 | 210 to 2,200 | 304L: plate, sheet and strip; minimum, printed as 25 ksi min and 170 MPa min; specified minimum | 301: full hard (as rolled); typical; as printed |
| Ferritic stainless | 4 | 170 to 500 | 380 to 850 | 409: annealed (Min); 409 sheet, ASTM A240 basis (Combined Metals data…; specified minimum | 430F: QT650 (hardened 950 to 1070 C, tempered 550 to 650 C)…; specified minimum |
| Martensitic stainless | 8 | 205 to 1,896 | 414 to 1,965 | 410: A (annealed); typical range, printed as 30 (205) to 42 (290) ksi (MPa); range as printed | 440C: hardened 1900 F, oil quench, tempered 600 F…; as printed |
| Duplex stainless | 4 | 400 to 895 | 600 to 1,000 | 2304: annealed (ASTM A240 minimum); ATI 2304 plate, ASTM A240 minimum…; specified minimum | 2205: cold worked, no subsequent heat treatment…; specified minimum |
| Precipitation-hardening stainless | 5 | 310 to 1,896 | 827 to 2,034 | 17-7 PH: A (annealed); typical, room temperature; as printed | 17-7 PH: CH 900; typical, room temperature; as printed |
Cronidur 30, the only profile in the high-nitrogen steel family, has no strength record and is left off the map. To choose a grade, read which stainless steel to pick. Strength by condition is in yield and tensile strength of stainless steel.
How strong is each type of steel?
Yield strength overlaps across the types of steel in our data: 170 to 1,517 MPa for 7 carbon steels, 435 to 1,330 MPa for alloy steels, 826 to 1,520 MPa for tool steels and 170 to 1,896 MPa for stainless steels, each across the tempers and forms recorded on the profile pages. Stainless steel spans the widest range because it includes annealed austenitic plate and hardened martensitic bar.
The strips use one scale for every type. Each strip runs from the lowest to the highest recorded value; the dots are single grades. A wide strip means the type spans soft and hardened conditions, not that one steel varies.
Carbon steel7 grades
Alloy steel4 grades
Tool steel7 grades
Stainless steel37 grades
Cast iron2 grades
Reading it. The highest yield strength among the steels is 1,896 MPa for Stainless steel 440C (hardened 1900 F, oil quench, tempered 600 F…; per Rolled Alloys) and the highest tensile strength 2,200 MPa for AISI 302 stainless steel (UNS S30200, EN 1.4310) (spring temper; approximate, as supplied; range as printed; per Alloy Wire International). The lowest yield strength is 170 MPa for Stainless steel 304L (plate, sheet and strip; minimum, printed as 25 ksi min and 170 MPa min; specified minimum; per ATI).
| Type | Grades | Yield strength, MPa | Tensile strength, MPa | Elongation, % | Grades with a yield record |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Carbon steel | 7 | 170 to 1,517 | 310 to 1,862 | 8 to 40 | 7 of 7 |
| Alloy steel | 4 | 435 to 1,330 | 655 to 1,600 | 3 to 26 | 3 of 4 |
| Tool steel | 7 | 826 to 1,520 | 700 to 1,820 | 17 to 20 | 3 of 7 |
| Stainless steel | 37 | 170 to 1,896 | 210 to 2,200 | 2 to 70 | 37 of 37 |
| Cast iron (not steel) | 2 | 165 to 621 | 138 to 827 | 0 to 18 | 2 of 2 |
How do the types compare on density, stiffness, hardness and heat?
Density and stiffness barely separate the types of steel: the 54 steel profiles with a density record run from 7.60 to 8.10 g/cm3, and the 52 with an elastic modulus run from 174 to 221 GPa. Hardness separates them more, but Rockwell C and Brinell values sit on different scales and are never mixed here.
Thermal conductivity and melting point are shown at the temperatures and states the profiles print; records at 100 C or above are left out of the ranges. Expansion coefficients are in the CSV only, because each source quotes a mean over its own temperature interval, so the values are not ranked.
| Type | Density, g/cm3 | Elastic modulus, GPa | Thermal conductivity, W/(m K) | Melting point, °C | Rockwell C hardness, HRC | Brinell hardness, HB |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Carbon steel | 7.67 to 8.03(6) | 190 to 210(6) | 25.0 to 93.0(4) | 1,421 to 1,526(2) | 35 to 53(1) | 95 to 212(4) |
| Alloy steel | 7.67 to 8.03(4) | 190 to 210(4) | not found | 1,424 to 1,432(2) | 18 to 66(3) | 29 to 444(3) |
| Tool steel | 7.70 to 8.00(7) | 190 to 210(5) | 20.0 to 34.5(6) | not found | 28 to 68(6) | 180 to 330(7) |
| Stainless steel | 7.60 to 8.10(37) | 174 to 221(37) | 12.0 to 30.0(27) | 1,300 to 1,532(27) | 23 to 62(10) | 80 to 580(26) |
| Cast iron (not steel) | 7.20(1) | 69 to 169(2) | 50.0(1) | not found | not found | 120 to 269(2) |
Rockwell C (HRC) and Brinell (HB) hardness are separate columns on purpose: they are different scales and the profiles hold both, for different grades. Compare a column only with itself. Related pages: density of steel and stainless steel, modulus of elasticity of steel, melting point of steel and stainless steel.
Is cast iron a type of steel?
Cast iron is not a type of steel in this database. The 2 cast iron profiles, gray cast iron and ductile iron, are filed as a separate iron family because gray cast iron is cast iron with 2.5 to 4.0 percent carbon held mostly as flake graphite, and the graphite in ductile iron is spheroidal. Their yield strength is 165 to 621 MPa across the classes recorded.
Cast iron appears in the map so that a reader looking for a grade of iron finds the boundary, but it is excluded from every steel statement on this page. Where the page says "steel", it means the 55 carbon, alloy, tool and stainless profiles.
Which types of steel are not in the data yet?
Some types of steel are not covered. Silicon electrical steel has a profile but is filed with magnet alloys, so it is not in the map. Cronidur 30, the only profile in the high-nitrogen steel family, has no strength record and is left off the map. Yield strength is not found in any source we hold for 5 of 55 steel profiles.
- Yield strength: not found in any source we hold for 5 of 55 steel profiles (1.2316, 52100, A2, BS 1407 and D2).
- Tensile strength: not found in any source we hold for 3 of 55 steel profiles (52100, A2 and D2).
- Elongation: not found in any source we hold for 6 of 55 steel profiles (1.2316, 52100, A2, BS 1407, D2 and H13).
- Density: not found in any source we hold for 1 of 55 steel profiles (1045).
- Expansion coefficient: kept in the CSV only, because sources quote it over different temperature intervals.
Questions about types of steel
What are the 4 main types of steel?
The four main types of steel are carbon steel, alloy steel, tool steel and stainless steel. In the Space Mushroom database they hold 7, 4, 7 and 37 profiles, 55 steel profiles in all. Carbon steel is graded by carbon share, alloy steel adds chromium, molybdenum or nickel, tool steel is hardened for tooling, and stainless steel needs at least 10.5 percent chromium, per Wikipedia as quoted in the stainless steel 409 profile.
What is the difference between carbon steel and alloy steel?
Carbon steel owes its properties to carbon and manganese, while alloy steel adds deliberate elements such as chromium, molybdenum and nickel. In our data the 7 carbon steels record yield strength from 170 to 1,517 MPa and the 4 alloy steels from 435 to 1,330 MPa, each across the tempers recorded, so the alloy steel range sits higher in our records.
What makes a steel stainless?
Chromium makes a steel stainless: Wikipedia, quoted in the stainless steel 409 profile, says a Fe-base alloy must contain at least 10.5 percent Cr to qualify. Stainless steels are 37 of our 55 steel profiles, sorted into five sub-families by crystal structure and hardening route, and their density runs from 7.60 to 8.10 g/cm3 across the grades with a record.
What are the five types of stainless steel?
The five types of stainless steel are austenitic, ferritic, martensitic, duplex and precipitation-hardening. In our data they hold 16, 4, 8, 4 and 5 profiles. Austenitic stainless steel 304 is called the most common, stainless steel 410 the basic hardenable martensitic grade, and 17-4 PH stainless steel is supplied annealed and then aged at about 480 to 620 C.
Which type of steel is the strongest?
No single type is strongest, because strength depends on the condition. The highest yield strength among the steels in our records is 1,896 MPa for Stainless steel 440C, a martensitic stainless (hardened 1900 F, oil quench, tempered 600 F…; per Rolled Alloys). The lowest is 170 MPa, a specified minimum for Stainless steel 304L.
Is cast iron a type of steel?
Cast iron is not steel in this database. Gray cast iron is cast iron with 2.5 to 4.0 percent carbon held mostly as flake graphite, and ductile iron has spheroidal graphite. We hold 2 cast iron profiles, filed as a separate family beside the 55 steels, with yield strength of 165 to 621 MPa across the classes recorded.
How do I find which type my steel grade belongs to?
Type the designation into the lookup above the map: the UNS, AISI, SAE, EN and trade-name codes printed on the profiles are matched, and the tile opens in its type. For example 1.4301 finds Stainless steel 304, filed under austenitic stainless; D2 finds AISI D2 cold-work tool steel (EN 1.2379, X153CrMoV12), filed under tool steel. A code with no match belongs to a grade we have not profiled yet.
Which types of steel are missing from the data?
Some types of steel are not covered. Silicon electrical steel has a profile but is filed with magnet alloys, so it is not in the map. Cronidur 30, the only profile in the high-nitrogen steel family, has no strength record and is left off the map. Yield strength is not found in any source we hold for 5 of 55 steel profiles.
How this was made
Each grade is a profile in the Space Mushroom database. The profiles are drafted by AI assistants from the cited pages, and a script checks that every value appears in the source it cites; each profile page lists its sources. Every number on this page is read from those profiles or computed from them (ksi, psi, kg/m3, lb/in3, Btu and degrees F are converted to MPa, g/cm3, W/(m K) and degrees C; a record with a test temperature of 100 C or above, or a prediction, is left out of the ranges). The tile sizes are counts of profiles, so a new profile in a family changes the map by itself.
Data checked 2 November 2026. Download the underlying rows: data.csv (every record with its source, condition and the reason any record was left out; CC BY 4.0).
How to cite: Space Mushroom, "Types of steel: carbon, alloy, stainless and tool steel compared", https://spacemushroom.com/articles/types-of-steel/, data checked 2 November 2026.
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- Yield and tensile strength of stainless steel
- Density of steel and stainless steel
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- Melting point of steel and stainless steel
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- Carbon and alloy steels
- Tool steels
- Stainless steels
- Cast irons