Commercially pure titanium, Grade 1 (UNS R50250) CP Ti Grade 1
Unalloyed titanium, UNS R50250 (ASTM Grade 1): maximum limits on O, Fe, C, N and H, titanium the balance · CAS 7440-32-6
Also known as UNS R50250, BS TA1, ASTM B265, ASTM B348, ASTM F67, AMS 4921 · 5 more
Commercially pure titanium Grade 1, UNS R50250, is unalloyed titanium.
Evidence level
2 of 5
Lab-measured
- 0Predicted only. No one has made it, or no measurement exists.
- 1Calculated. Only calculated or predicted values from sources.
- 2Lab-measured. Measured properties with their conditions stated.
- 3Space-relevant tests. Measured in conditions relevant to space, such as vacuum or atomic oxygen.
- 4Ground-qualified. Qualified for an application on the ground.
- 5Flown or field-proven. Flight or field results exist.
Strength
> 240 MPa
Ductility
> 24 %
Stiffness
103 GPa
Density
4.51 g/cm³
Recipe, share of the weight
- Ti balance (the rest)Titanium
- O maximum 0.18 %Oxygen
- Fe maximum 0.2 %Iron
- C maximum 0.08 %Carbon
- N maximum 0.03 %Nitrogen
- H maximum 0.015 %Hydrogen
Best for
Formable, corrosion-resistant parts such as plate heat exchangers and chemical-plant equipment, where ductility matters more than strength (Alleima and Smiths)
Weakest at
Strength: 240 MPa minimum tensile (ASTM B265 Table 1); ATI says CP titanium has limited formability at room temperature
Risk at a glance
- People Low. Solid: no class. Powder and swarf: flammable
- If it fails Moderate. Loss of ductility from hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen or carbon pickup
- Corrosion Low. Smiths says Grade 1 offers high corrosion resistance in oxidising, neutral and mildly reducing media, including chlorides.
Quick facts: CP Ti Grade 1
| Property | Value | Basis |
|---|---|---|
| Density | 4.51 g/cm³ | 1 sourced value |
| Yield strength | 138 to 310 MPa | 4 sourced values across conditions |
| Tensile strength | 240 to 345 MPa | 3 sourced values across conditions |
| Young's modulus | 103 GPa | 1 sourced value |
What is the density of Commercially pure titanium, Grade 1 (UNS R50250)?
Commercially pure titanium, Grade 1 (UNS R50250) has a density of 4.51 g/cm³. The source and test conditions are listed in the properties table on this page.
What is the yield strength of Commercially pure titanium, Grade 1 (UNS R50250)?
Commercially pure titanium, Grade 1 (UNS R50250) has a yield strength of 138 to 310 MPa. The range covers 4 sourced values across the tempers, forms and test conditions the sources report; room-temperature values are used where a source states a temperature.
What is the tensile strength of Commercially pure titanium, Grade 1 (UNS R50250)?
Commercially pure titanium, Grade 1 (UNS R50250) has a tensile strength of 240 to 345 MPa. The range covers 3 sourced values across the tempers, forms and test conditions the sources report; room-temperature values are used where a source states a temperature.
What is the Young's modulus of Commercially pure titanium, Grade 1 (UNS R50250)?
Commercially pure titanium, Grade 1 (UNS R50250) has a Young's modulus of 103 GPa. The source and test conditions are listed in the properties table on this page.
What are the other names and codes for Commercially pure titanium, Grade 1 (UNS R50250)?
Commercially pure titanium, Grade 1 (UNS R50250) is also written as UNS R50250, BS TA1, ASTM B265, ASTM B348, ASTM F67, AMS 4921. Each code is printed in the source listed beside it in the designations table.
What is Commercially pure titanium, Grade 1 (UNS R50250) used for?
Uses recorded in the sources include Plate heat exchangers; Components and equipment for chemical plant and marine service; Airframe skin, structural components and cryogenic vessels (listed for CP Grades 1 to 4 together).
Why it exists
Grade 1 is an unalloyed titanium grade chosen where ductility, formability and corrosion resistance matter more than strength. Alleima describes it as having relatively low strength and high ductility, and says it is typically used for plate heat exchangers. Smiths says it provides optimum ductility and cold formability with useful mechanical strength, and that it resists oxidising, neutral and mildly reducing media, including chlorides.
Where it's used
Plate heat exchangers
Alleima says Ti Grade 1 is typically used for plate heat exchangers. The datasheet describes the grade as having low oxygen content, relatively low strength and high ductility.
Chemical plant and marine equipment
Smiths lists typical applications for Grade 1 that include chemical plant, pharmaceutical, food, oil and gas, and marine industries.
Airframe and cryogenic parts (shared CP range)
ATI lists airframe skin, structural components and cryogenic vessels for its CP grades together. The ATI sheet does not give a Grade 1 specific list.
Recipe
Unalloyed titanium, UNS R50250 (ASTM Grade 1): maximum limits on O, Fe, C, N and H, titanium the balance
Unalloyed titanium with no deliberate alloying additions. ASTM B265 Table 2 limits the Grade 1 composition to maximum oxygen, iron, carbon, nitrogen and hydrogen, with titanium as the balance. Process routes are not described in the sources fetched for this profile.
| Ingredient | Share of the weight | What it does |
|---|---|---|
| Titanium Ti | balance (the rest) | Base metal. ASTM B265 gives titanium as the balance after the listed maxima. |
| Oxygen O | maximum 0.18 % | Interstitial impurity with a maximum limit. The Alleima datasheet prints a lower nominal limit (see gaps). |
| Iron Fe | maximum 0.2 % | Impurity with a maximum limit. |
| Carbon C | maximum 0.08 % | Interstitial impurity with a maximum limit. |
| Nitrogen N | maximum 0.03 % | Interstitial impurity with a maximum limit. |
| Hydrogen H | maximum 0.015 % | Interstitial impurity with a maximum limit. |
Weight shares are as printed in the sources.
What it can do
Strength
> 240 MPa
measured
ASTM B265 Table 1 gives a minimum tensile strength of 240 MPa (35 ksi) and a minimum 0.2 % yield strength of 138 MPa (20 ksi) for strip, sheet and plate. Smiths prints typical values of 345 MPa tensile and 221 MPa yield.
Ductility
> 24 %
measured
The ASTM minimum elongation is 24 % in 2 in or 50 mm. Smiths prints a typical elongation of 37 % on 2 in.
Stiffness
103 GPa
measured
Smiths prints a typical elastic modulus of 103 GPa, without stating the loading mode.
Density
4.51 g/cm³
measured
The ATI 30 product page prints a density of 4.51 g/cm3.
Corrosion
Smiths says Grade 1 offers high corrosion resistance in oxidising, neutral and mildly reducing media, including chlorides. No Grade 1 seawater or crevice test was found.
How it compares
Grade 1 is described by Alleima as having relatively low strength and high ductility. Its ASTM B265 minimum tensile strength is 240 MPa, and the Smiths datasheet prints a typical elastic modulus of 103 GPa. The ATI 30 product page prints a density of 4.51 g/cm3. This profile does not compare Grade 1 numerically with other grades, because those grades are recorded in their own profiles. The table below sets out the three values recorded here.
The same measurements for each material, so you can compare them. Each row names the key condition under the value; the full conditions and methods are in the numbered notes under Technical details. Other materials are shown beside it; each was measured under its own conditions, so open its page before comparing closely. Compare every grade in the family.
| Measurement | CP Ti Grade 1 | CP Ti Grade 2 | Ti-6Al-4V | Ti-6Al-4V ELI | Ti-3Al-2.5V (Grade 9) | TiAl | Beta 3 | Ti Grade 11 | Ti Gr 12 | CP Ti Grade 3 | CP Ti Grade 7 | Ti minor alloys |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Physical and electrical | ||||||||||||
| Density, bar | 4.51 g/cm³1 | 4.51 g/cm³ | 4.43 g/cm³ | 4.42 g/cm³ | 4.48 g/cm³ | 3.8 g/cm³ | 5.07 g/cm³ | 4.51 g/cm³ | 4.51 g/cm³ | 4.51 g/cm³ | 4.51 g/cm³ | 4.54 g/cm³ |
| Hardness, typical | 120 HV14 | 160 HV | 30 HRC | no data | 15 HRC | no data | 24 to 38 HRC | no data | no data | 200 HV | no data | 24 to 38 HRC |
| Other measurements | ||||||||||||
| Tensile strength, minimum, bar | > 240 MPa2 | > 345 MPa | no data | 828 MPa | > 620 MPa | 422 MPa | 1000 MPa | > 240 MPa | > 483 MPa | > 450 MPa | > 345 MPa | < 175 ksi |
| Yield strength, minimum, bar | > 138 MPa3 | > 275 MPa | 830 MPa | 759 MPa | > 483 MPa | 326 MPa | 965 MPa | > 138 MPa | > 345 MPa | > 380 MPa | > 275 MPa | < 186 ksi |
| Elongation, minimum, barPrinted as 24% min on the ATI 30 product page | > 24 %4 | > 20 % | 10 % | 10 % | > 15 % | 1.7 % | 7 % | > 24 % | > 18 % | > 18 % | > 20 % | < 10 % |
| Tensile strength, minimum (strip, sheet and plate) | > 240 MPa5 | > 345 MPa | no data | 828 MPa | > 620 MPa | 422 MPa | 1000 MPa | > 240 MPa | > 483 MPa | > 450 MPa | > 345 MPa | < 175 ksi |
| Yield strength, 0.2 % offset, minimum (strip, sheet and plate) | > 138 MPa6 | > 275 MPa | 830 MPa | 759 MPa | > 483 MPa | 326 MPa | 965 MPa | > 138 MPa | > 345 MPa | > 380 MPa | > 275 MPa | < 186 ksi |
| Yield strength, 0.2 % offset, maximum (strip, sheet and plate) | < 310 MPa7 | > 275 MPa | 830 MPa | 759 MPa | > 483 MPa | 326 MPa | 965 MPa | > 138 MPa | > 345 MPa | > 380 MPa | > 275 MPa | < 186 ksi |
| Elongation, minimum (strip, sheet and plate) | > 24 %8 | > 20 % | 10 % | 10 % | > 15 % | 1.7 % | 7 % | > 24 % | > 18 % | > 18 % | > 20 % | < 10 % |
| Tensile strength, typical | 345 MPa9 | > 345 MPa | no data | 828 MPa | > 620 MPa | 422 MPa | 1000 MPa | > 240 MPa | > 483 MPa | > 450 MPa | > 345 MPa | < 175 ksi |
| Yield strength, 0.2 % offset, typical | 221 MPa10 | > 275 MPa | 830 MPa | 759 MPa | > 483 MPa | 326 MPa | 965 MPa | > 138 MPa | > 345 MPa | > 380 MPa | > 275 MPa | < 186 ksi |
| Elongation on 2 in, typical | 37 %11 | > 20 % | 10 % | 10 % | > 15 % | 1.7 % | 7 % | > 24 % | > 18 % | > 18 % | > 20 % | < 10 % |
| Reduction of area, minimum | > 30 %12 | > 35 % | no data | 41.5 % | no data | no data | no data | no data | no data | > 35 % | > 30 % | no data |
| Elastic modulus, typical | 103 GPa13 | 103 GPa | 113.8 GPa | 107 to 122 GPa | 91 GPa | 168 GPa | 82 GPa | 112 GPa | 103 GPa | 103 GPa | 112 GPa | 15000 ksi |
| Beta transus, ATI 30 (CP Grade 1) | 888 °C15 | 913 °C | 995 °C | 966 °C | no data | no data | 750 °C | 888 °C | 890 °C | 1690 °F | no data | 800 °C |
Why choose it, and why not
Good for
- Plate heat exchangers, where Alleima says the grade is typically used.
- Forming and welding of sheet and plate where ductility matters more than strength (Smiths and ATI).
- Chemical plant and marine equipment, where corrosion resistance matters (Smiths).
Watch out for
- Low strength: 240 MPa minimum tensile (ASTM B265), with typical 345 MPa tensile (Smiths).
- Hydrogen, oxygen and nitrogen pickup lowers ductility and notch resistance (ATI).
- Powder and swarf are a flammable-solid fire hazard (PubChem).
- No Grade 1 seawater or crevice test was found in the sources read.
Grade 1 is the unalloyed titanium choice where ductility and formability come before strength. ASTM B265 sets a 240 MPa minimum tensile strength, and Alleima points it at plate heat exchangers.
Technical details
For scientists and researchers. Everything above comes from the record below: every number with its method, its conditions and its source.
Other names and standards
The same grade under other systems, as datasheets and standards print them. Each code was checked against the page it comes from.
| System | Codes |
|---|---|
| UNS | R50250 |
| BS | TA1 |
| ASTM | B265 (strip, sheet and plate), B348 (bars and billets), F67 |
| AMS | 4921, 4940 |
| ASME | SB-265 |
| Name | CP Grade 1 |
| Trade name | ATI 30, Ti Grade 1 |
Notes
The method, full conditions and any caveat for the numbered rows above.
| # | Measurement | Method | Conditions | Caveat |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Density, bar | Printed in the Density row of the ATI 30 product page, which also gives 0.163 lb/in3 | form bar (the ATI 30 product page prints the same density under each product form)condition not stated | — |
| 2 | Tensile strength, minimum, bar | Printed as 35 min (ksi) and 240 min (MPa) on the ATI 30 product page | form bar (ATI 30 product page, Bar block)minimum yes | — |
| 3 | Yield strength, minimum, bar | Printed as 20 min (ksi) and 138 min (MPa) on the ATI 30 product page | form bar (ATI 30 product page, Bar block)offset not printed on the product pageminimum yes | — |
| 4 | Elongation, minimum, bar | — | form bar (ATI 30 product page, Bar block)gauge not printed on the product pageminimum yes | — |
| 5 | Tensile strength, minimum (strip, sheet and plate) | Minimum in Table 1 (Tensile Requirements) of the ASTM B265-08b copy, with 35 ksi printed beside 240 MPa | form strip, sheet and plate (ASTM B265-08b product)condition as specified for Grade 1 in ASTM B265-08b Table 1minimum yes | — |
| 6 | Yield strength, 0.2 % offset, minimum (strip, sheet and plate) | Minimum in Table 1 of the ASTM B265-08b copy, with 20 ksi printed beside 138 MPa | form strip, sheet and plate (ASTM B265-08b product)offset 0.2 %minimum yes | — |
| 7 | Yield strength, 0.2 % offset, maximum (strip, sheet and plate) | Maximum in Table 1 of the ASTM B265-08b copy, with 45 ksi printed beside 310 MPa | form strip, sheet and plate (ASTM B265-08b product)offset 0.2 %maximum yes | — |
| 8 | Elongation, minimum (strip, sheet and plate) | Minimum elongation in Table 1 of the ASTM B265-08b copy | form strip, sheet and plate (ASTM B265-08b product)gauge 2 in or 50 mmminimum yes | — |
| 9 | Tensile strength, typical | Printed in the UTS row, typical column, of the Smiths CP Grade 1 datasheet | basis typical, not a minimumform not split by form in the datasheet | — |
| 10 | Yield strength, 0.2 % offset, typical | Printed as typical yield strength 221 MPa in the Product Description and in the 0.2% PS row of the Smiths datasheet | basis typical, not a minimumoffset 0.2 %form not split by form in the datasheet | — |
| 11 | Elongation on 2 in, typical | Printed in the Elongation on 2 in row, typical column, of the Smiths CP Grade 1 datasheet | basis typical, not a minimumgauge 2 inform not split by form in the datasheet | — |
| 12 | Reduction of area, minimum | Printed in the Mechanical Properties table of the Smiths CP Grade 1 datasheet. reduction_of_area is not in the canonical list, so a snake_case name is used (see gaps). | form not split by form in the datasheetminimum yes | — |
| 13 | Elastic modulus, typical | Printed in the Mechanical Properties table, Elastic modulus row, Typical column, of the Smiths CP Grade 1 datasheet | basis typical, not a minimumloading not stated in the datasheet | — |
| 14 | Hardness, typical | Printed as Hardness HV, typical 120, in the Smiths CP Grade 1 datasheet. hardness is not in the canonical list (see gaps). | basis typicalform not split by form in the datasheet | — |
| 15 | Beta transus, ATI 30 (CP Grade 1) | Printed for ATI 30 in the Physical Properties section of the ATI CP Grade 1 to 4 datasheet (version 1, 2012). The Fahrenheit value 1,630°F is printed alongside. beta_transus is not in the canonical list (see gaps). | grade mapping ATI 30 row of the ATI sheet; the ATI 30 product page names ATI 30 as CP Grade 1tolerance ± 4 °C, printed as 888°C ± 4C° | — |
Corrosion and compatibility
What happens when it meets other materials and environments.
| Environment | Concern | What happens |
|---|---|---|
| Oxidising, neutral and mildly reducing media, including chlorides | low | Smiths says Grade 1 offers high corrosion resistance in oxidising, neutral and mildly reducing media, including chlorides.1 |
| General corrosion across the ATI commercially pure titanium range | low | ATI describes the CP titanium range, Grades 1 to 4, as having excellent corrosion resistance. The sheet gives no Grade 1 test data.2 |
| # | Environment | Details | Test conditions |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Oxidising, neutral and mildly reducing media, including chlorides | The Smiths CP Grade 1 datasheet states that the material offers high corrosion resistance in oxidising, neutral and mildly reducing media, including chlorides. The datasheet prints no test conditions, concentrations or temperatures. | basis manufacturer statement; no test conditions printed |
| 2 | General corrosion across the ATI commercially pure titanium range | The ATI technical data sheet covering CP Grades 1 to 4 says those grades are used where high ductility, excellent corrosion resistance, moderate strength and good weldability are desired. This is a general statement for the four grades together, not a Grade 1 test. | basis general statement for four grades together; no test conditions |
Risks and side effects
Hazards to people, what happens when a cell overheats, and how the material is handled and stored.
For people
The solid metal is not hazard-classed in the sources fetched here. PubChem gives titanium a flammable-solid classification (H228), which applies to powder and swarf.
- Solid metal
- Sheet, plate, bar and tube are covered by the Smiths and Alleima datasheets, which carry no hazard classification.
- Powder and swarf
- PubChem gives H228 (flammable solid) from aggregated reports. Treat powder and swarf as a fire hazard.
Test details
The original wording and numbers from the sources, for readers who want them.
Failure risks
| Failure | Trigger and consequence |
|---|---|
| Loss of ductility from hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen or carbon pickupmoderate severity | Improper pickling, or forging, heat treating or brazing without protectionATI says the contamination deteriorates ductility, which adversely affects notch sensitivity and forming characteristics. |
| Limited formability at room temperaturelow severity | Forming Grade 1 at room temperatureATI says CP titanium has limited formability at room temperature and recommends warm forming for deep drawing and spinning. Smiths says Grade 1 gives optimum ductility and cold formability, so the two sources conflict. |
Handling and storage
- Smiths lists weldability as excellent for Grade 1.
- ATI says commercially pure titanium is easily welded if precautions prevent oxygen, nitrogen and hydrogen contamination, using inert-gas shielding of the weld metal and the heated zones next to it.
- ATI says CP titanium can be machined using austenitic stainless steel practice, with slow speeds, heavy feeds, rigid tooling and large amounts of non-chlorinated cutting fluid.
Mitigations
- Shield welds and heated zones with inert gas, and control pickling and forging so the metal does not pick up hydrogen, oxygen or nitrogen (ATI).
Supply and geography
How common the raw materials are and where they come from.
Titanium sponge (feedstock for titanium mill products)
The USGS 2026 titanium summary read for this profile gives no crustal abundance figure. It refers to a separate titanium mineral concentrates chapter.
- Top producers (2025)
- China 70.3%, Japan 14.3%, Russia 6.8%, Kazakhstan 4.3%, Saudi Arabia 3.2%
Documents
Datasheets, safety data sheets, papers and standards you can open.
Full record
The complete spore, as stored. Free to reuse under CC-BY-4.0. Images keep the licence shown with each one.
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spore: profile
id: titanium-grade-1
spore_version: 0.2
family: titanium-alloys
name: Commercially pure titanium, Grade 1 (UNS R50250)
abbreviation: CP Ti Grade 1
role: corrosion-resistant unalloyed metal
category: metals
type: titanium
summary: Commercially pure titanium Grade 1, UNS R50250, is unalloyed titanium. ASTM B265 Table 1 sets its minimum tensile strength at 240 MPa (35 ksi) and its minimum 0.2 % offset yield strength at 138 MPa (20 ksi) for strip, sheet and plate. The ATI 30 product page gives a density of 4.51 g/cm3. Alleima describes Grade 1 as having relatively low strength and high ductility, and says it is typically used for plate heat exchangers.
best_for: Formable, corrosion-resistant parts such as plate heat exchangers and chemical-plant equipment, where ductility matters more than strength (Alleima and Smiths)
weakest_at: 'Strength: 240 MPa minimum tensile (ASTM B265 Table 1); ATI says CP titanium has limited formability at room temperature'
identity:
formula: 'Unalloyed titanium, UNS R50250 (ASTM Grade 1): maximum limits on O, Fe, C, N and H, titanium the balance'
cas: 7440-32-6
source: astm-b265
where: Table 2 Chemical Requirements, Grade 1 column (ASTM B265-08b copy); CAS from PubChem CID 23963 (pubchem-ti)
designations:
- system: UNS
code: R50250
source: alleima-ti1
where: Standards list, UNS line
- system: Name
code: CP Grade 1
source: ati-cp1
where: Page heading, ATI 30, CP Grade 1 Titanium
- system: Trade name
code: ATI 30
source: ati-cp1
where: Page heading, ATI 30, CP Grade 1 Titanium
- system: Trade name
code: Ti Grade 1
source: alleima-ti1
where: Datasheet title, Alleima Ti Grade 1
- system: ASTM
code: B265
note: strip, sheet and plate
source: astm-b265
where: Designation line; Table 1 and Table 2, Grade 1 rows and columns
- system: ASTM
code: B348
note: bars and billets
source: smiths-cp1
where: Material Specifications list, ASTM B348 Grade 1 line
- system: ASTM
code: F67
source: ati-cp1
where: Specifications list on the ATI 30 product page, ASTM F 67
- system: AMS
code: '4921'
source: ati-cp1
where: Specifications list on the ATI 30 product page, AMS 4921
- system: AMS
code: '4940'
source: smiths-cp1
where: Material Specifications list, AMS 4940 line
- system: BS
code: TA1
source: smiths-cp1
where: Material Specifications list, BS TA1 line
- system: ASME
code: SB-265
source: tpc-sheet
where: Commercially pure titanium list, GRADE 1 CP 4 / UNS R50250 block, ASME-SB-265 Grade 1 line
tags:
environments: []
stresses: []
applications:
- thermal-control
- structures
properties:
- benchmark: density
label: Density, bar
value: 4.51
unit: g/cm3
scope: material
conditions:
form: bar (the ATI 30 product page prints the same density under each product form)
condition: not stated
method: Printed in the Density row of the ATI 30 product page, which also gives 0.163 lb/in3
status: ground
source: ati-cp1
where: Product Specifications By Form, Bar block, Density row
- benchmark: ultimate_tensile_strength
label: Tensile strength, minimum, bar
value: 240
bound: lower
unit: MPa
scope: material
conditions:
form: bar (ATI 30 product page, Bar block)
minimum: 'yes'
method: Printed as 35 min (ksi) and 240 min (MPa) on the ATI 30 product page
status: ground
source: ati-cp1
where: Product Specifications By Form, Bar block, Tensile Strength row
- benchmark: yield_strength
label: Yield strength, minimum, bar
value: 138
bound: lower
unit: MPa
scope: material
conditions:
form: bar (ATI 30 product page, Bar block)
offset: not printed on the product page
minimum: 'yes'
method: Printed as 20 min (ksi) and 138 min (MPa) on the ATI 30 product page
status: ground
source: ati-cp1
where: Product Specifications By Form, Bar block, Yield Strength row
- benchmark: elongation
label: Elongation, minimum, bar
value: 24
bound: lower
unit: '%'
scope: material
conditions:
form: bar (ATI 30 product page, Bar block)
gauge: not printed on the product page
minimum: 'yes'
method: Printed as 24% min on the ATI 30 product page
status: ground
source: ati-cp1
where: Product Specifications By Form, Bar block, Elongation row
- benchmark: ultimate_tensile_strength
label: Tensile strength, minimum (strip, sheet and plate)
value: 240
bound: lower
unit: MPa
scope: material
conditions:
form: strip, sheet and plate (ASTM B265-08b product)
condition: as specified for Grade 1 in ASTM B265-08b Table 1
minimum: 'yes'
method: Minimum in Table 1 (Tensile Requirements) of the ASTM B265-08b copy, with 35 ksi printed beside 240 MPa
status: ground
source: astm-b265
where: Table 1 Tensile Requirements, Grade 1 row (ksi 35, MPa 240)
- benchmark: yield_strength
label: Yield strength, 0.2 % offset, minimum (strip, sheet and plate)
value: 138
bound: lower
unit: MPa
scope: material
conditions:
form: strip, sheet and plate (ASTM B265-08b product)
offset: 0.2 %
minimum: 'yes'
method: Minimum in Table 1 of the ASTM B265-08b copy, with 20 ksi printed beside 138 MPa
status: ground
source: astm-b265
where: Table 1 Tensile Requirements, Grade 1 row, yield strength 0.2 % offset min (ksi 20, MPa 138)
- benchmark: yield_strength
label: Yield strength, 0.2 % offset, maximum (strip, sheet and plate)
value: 310
bound: upper
unit: MPa
scope: material
conditions:
form: strip, sheet and plate (ASTM B265-08b product)
offset: 0.2 %
maximum: 'yes'
method: Maximum in Table 1 of the ASTM B265-08b copy, with 45 ksi printed beside 310 MPa
status: ground
source: astm-b265
where: Table 1 Tensile Requirements, Grade 1 row, yield strength 0.2 % offset max (ksi 45, MPa 310)
- benchmark: elongation
label: Elongation, minimum (strip, sheet and plate)
value: 24
bound: lower
unit: '%'
scope: material
conditions:
form: strip, sheet and plate (ASTM B265-08b product)
gauge: 2 in or 50 mm
minimum: 'yes'
method: Minimum elongation in Table 1 of the ASTM B265-08b copy
status: ground
source: astm-b265
where: Table 1 Tensile Requirements, Grade 1 row, elongation in 2 in. or 50 mm min %
- benchmark: ultimate_tensile_strength
label: Tensile strength, typical
value: 345
unit: MPa
scope: material
conditions:
basis: typical, not a minimum
form: not split by form in the datasheet
method: Printed in the UTS row, typical column, of the Smiths CP Grade 1 datasheet
status: ground
source: smiths-cp1
where: Mechanical Properties table, UTS row, Typical column
- benchmark: yield_strength
label: Yield strength, 0.2 % offset, typical
value: 221
unit: MPa
scope: material
conditions:
basis: typical, not a minimum
offset: 0.2 %
form: not split by form in the datasheet
method: Printed as typical yield strength 221 MPa in the Product Description and in the 0.2% PS row of the Smiths datasheet
status: ground
source: smiths-cp1
where: Product Description; Mechanical Properties table, 0.2% PS row, Typical column
- benchmark: elongation
label: Elongation on 2 in, typical
value: 37
unit: '%'
scope: material
conditions:
basis: typical, not a minimum
gauge: 2 in
form: not split by form in the datasheet
method: Printed in the Elongation on 2 in row, typical column, of the Smiths CP Grade 1 datasheet
status: ground
source: smiths-cp1
where: Mechanical Properties table, Elongation on 2 in., % row, Typical column
- benchmark: reduction_of_area
label: Reduction of area, minimum
value: 30
bound: lower
unit: '%'
scope: material
conditions:
form: not split by form in the datasheet
minimum: 'yes'
method: Printed in the Mechanical Properties table of the Smiths CP Grade 1 datasheet. reduction_of_area is not in the canonical list, so a snake_case name is used (see gaps).
status: ground
source: smiths-cp1
where: Mechanical Properties table, Reduction of area row, Minimum column
- benchmark: elastic_modulus
label: Elastic modulus, typical
value: 103
unit: GPa
scope: material
conditions:
basis: typical, not a minimum
loading: not stated in the datasheet
method: Printed in the Mechanical Properties table, Elastic modulus row, Typical column, of the Smiths CP Grade 1 datasheet
status: ground
source: smiths-cp1
where: Mechanical Properties table, Elastic modulus GPa row, Typical column
- benchmark: hardness
label: Hardness, typical
value: 120
unit: HV
scope: material
conditions:
basis: typical
form: not split by form in the datasheet
method: Printed as Hardness HV, typical 120, in the Smiths CP Grade 1 datasheet. hardness is not in the canonical list (see gaps).
status: ground
source: smiths-cp1
where: Mechanical Properties table, Hardness HV row, Typical column
- benchmark: beta_transus
label: Beta transus, ATI 30 (CP Grade 1)
value: 888
unit: °C
scope: material
conditions:
grade_mapping: ATI 30 row of the ATI sheet; the ATI 30 product page names ATI 30 as CP Grade 1
tolerance: ± 4 °C, printed as 888°C ± 4C°
method: Printed for ATI 30 in the Physical Properties section of the ATI CP Grade 1 to 4 datasheet (version 1, 2012). The Fahrenheit value 1,630°F is printed alongside. beta_transus is not in the canonical list (see gaps).
status: ground
source: ati-tds
where: Physical Properties, Beta Transus Temperature, ATI 30 row
corrosion:
- environment: Oxidising, neutral and mildly reducing media, including chlorides
headline: Smiths says Grade 1 offers high corrosion resistance in oxidising, neutral and mildly reducing media, including chlorides.
effect: The Smiths CP Grade 1 datasheet states that the material offers high corrosion resistance in oxidising, neutral and mildly reducing media, including chlorides. The datasheet prints no test conditions, concentrations or temperatures.
rating: low
conditions:
basis: manufacturer statement; no test conditions printed
source: smiths-cp1
where: Corrosion Resistance section
- environment: General corrosion across the ATI commercially pure titanium range
headline: ATI describes the CP titanium range, Grades 1 to 4, as having excellent corrosion resistance. The sheet gives no Grade 1 test data.
effect: The ATI technical data sheet covering CP Grades 1 to 4 says those grades are used where high ductility, excellent corrosion resistance, moderate strength and good weldability are desired. This is a general statement for the four grades together, not a Grade 1 test.
rating: low
conditions:
basis: general statement for four grades together; no test conditions
source: ati-tds
where: Introduction
risks:
hazards:
- text: PubChem aggregates GHS reports for titanium (CID 23963) and gives H228, Flammable solid, with signal word Danger under Flammable solids, Category 1. The record does not separate bulk metal from powder or swarf. Check the safety data sheet for the form you handle.
ghs:
- 'H228: Flammable solid'
source: pubchem-ti
where: Safety and Hazards, GHS Classification (CID 23963)
failure_risks:
- mode: Loss of ductility from hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen or carbon pickup
trigger: Improper pickling, or forging, heat treating or brazing without protection
consequence: ATI says the contamination deteriorates ductility, which adversely affects notch sensitivity and forming characteristics.
severity: moderate
source: ati-tds
where: Special Precautions section
- mode: Limited formability at room temperature
trigger: Forming Grade 1 at room temperature
consequence: ATI says CP titanium has limited formability at room temperature and recommends warm forming for deep drawing and spinning. Smiths says Grade 1 gives optimum ductility and cold formability, so the two sources conflict.
severity: low
source: ati-tds
where: Forgeability/Formability section; compare Smiths product description
side_effects: []
handling:
- text: Smiths lists weldability as excellent for Grade 1.
source: smiths-cp1
where: Fabrication list, Weldability line
- text: ATI says commercially pure titanium is easily welded if precautions prevent oxygen, nitrogen and hydrogen contamination, using inert-gas shielding of the weld metal and the heated zones next to it.
source: ati-tds
where: Weldability section
- text: ATI says CP titanium can be machined using austenitic stainless steel practice, with slow speeds, heavy feeds, rigid tooling and large amounts of non-chlorinated cutting fluid.
source: ati-tds
where: Machinability section
mitigations:
- text: Shield welds and heated zones with inert gas, and control pickling and forging so the metal does not pick up hydrogen, oxygen or nitrogen (ATI).
source: ati-tds
where: Weldability and Special Precautions sections
uses:
- application: thermal-control
device: Plate heat exchangers
example: Alleima says Ti Grade 1 is typically used for plate heat exchangers.
source: alleima-ti1
where: Datasheet introduction paragraph
- application: structures
device: Components and equipment for chemical plant and marine service
example: Smiths lists typical applications as components and equipment for architecture, medical engineering, automotive, chemical plant, pharmaceutical, brewing, food, oil and gas, pulp and paper and marine industries.
source: smiths-cp1
where: Typical Applications list
- application: structures
device: Airframe skin, structural components and cryogenic vessels (listed for CP Grades 1 to 4 together)
example: ATI lists airframe skin and structural components, cryogenic vessels, heat exchangers, chemical processing equipment, and medical and surgical devices for its CP grades together. The sheet does not give a Grade 1 specific list.
source: ati-tds
where: Introduction, typical product forms and applications
supply:
- subject: Titanium sponge (feedstock for titanium mill products)
abundance: The USGS 2026 titanium summary read for this profile gives no crustal abundance figure. It refers to a separate titanium mineral concentrates chapter.
producers:
- country: China
share_percent: 70.3
year: 2025
basis: 'computed: 260,000 t of 370,000 t world sponge (USGS table, World Sponge Metal Production)'
- country: Japan
share_percent: 14.3
year: 2025
basis: 'computed: 53,000 t of 370,000 t'
- country: Russia
share_percent: 6.8
year: 2025
basis: 'computed: 25,000 t of 370,000 t'
- country: Kazakhstan
share_percent: 4.3
year: 2025
basis: 'computed: 16,000 t of 370,000 t'
- country: Saudi Arabia
share_percent: 3.2
year: 2025
basis: 'computed: 12,000 t of 370,000 t'
us_position: The United States did not produce titanium sponge metal in 2025. U.S. imports of sponge were an estimated 44,000 tons in 2025, with Japan (73%), Kazakhstan (13%) and Saudi Arabia (13%) the leading sources through July.
source: usgs-ti-2026
where: Domestic Production and Use; Events, Trends, and Issues; World Sponge Metal Production table (2025 column, world total rounded 370,000)
critical_lists: []
supply_note: Shares are computed by the assistant from the printed tonnage and the printed world total (USGS rounds its world totals), not printed by USGS.
media: []
documents:
- title: 'Smiths Metal Centres: CP Grade 1 technical datasheet'
type: datasheet
url: https://www.smithmetal.com/pdf/titanium/cp-grade-1.pdf
year: 2023
- title: 'Alleima: Ti Grade 1 datasheet (updated 2025-05-09)'
type: datasheet
url: https://www.alleima.com/en/technical-center/material-datasheets/tube-and-pipe-seamless/alleima-ti-grade-1/
year: 2025
- title: 'ATI 30, CP Grade 1 Titanium: ATI product page with specification list'
type: datasheet
url: https://www.atimaterials.com/Products/ati-cp1
year: 2026
- title: ATI CP Grade 1 to 4 commercially pure titanium technical data sheet, version 1
type: datasheet
url: https://www.atimaterials.com/Products/Documents/datasheets/titanium/commerciallypure/ati_cp1_cp2_cp3_cp4_tds_en1_v1.pdf
year: 2012
- title: 'ASTM B265-08b: Titanium and Titanium Alloy Strip, Sheet, and Plate (copy hosted by GS Alloy)'
type: standard
url: https://gsalloy.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/ASTM-B265.pdf
year: 2008
- title: 'USGS Mineral Commodity Summaries 2026: Titanium'
type: report
url: https://pubs.usgs.gov/periodicals/mcs2026/mcs2026-titanium.pdf
year: 2026
- title: 'PubChem: Titanium (CID 23963), GHS classification (PUG View JSON)'
type: database
url: https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/rest/pug_view/data/compound/23963/JSON
year: 2026
- title: 'Titanium Processing Center: titanium sheet product page (commercially pure titanium specifications list)'
type: datasheet
url: https://www.titaniumprocessingcenter.com/products/titanium-sheet/
year: 2026
gaps:
- 'Melting point: the ATI sheet prints one melting range (3,000-3,040 F) for CP Grades 1 to 4 together, not for Grade 1 alone, so no value is recorded.'
- 'Specific heat, coefficient of thermal expansion, thermal conductivity and Poisson''s ratio: not printed for Grade 1 in any source read for this profile.'
- 'Hardness: the ATI 30 product page prints a hardness row that does not match the other grade-specific sources; that row is not used. The Smiths typical value (120 HV) is recorded instead.'
- 'Oxygen maximum conflicts between sources: the ASTM B265-08b Table 2 Grade 1 column, the ATI 30 product page and the Smiths datasheet give 0.18; the Alleima datasheet gives a nominal oxygen limit of 0.12 (printed as <=0.12). Both are recorded in composition; the ASTM value is used for the record.'
- 'Carbon and hydrogen conflicts: Smiths prints C max 0.1 and H max 0.015 for sheet and 0.0125 for bar, while ASTM Table 2 gives C max 0.08 and H max 0.015. The ASTM values are used. Alleima prints nominal H <= 0.01 and N <= 0.02.'
- 'Formability conflict: Smiths calls Grade 1 optimum in ductility and cold formability, while ATI says CP titanium has limited formability at room temperature. Both statements are kept in failure_risks.'
- No Grade 1 test was found for seawater, brine, crevice corrosion or stress corrosion cracking. The seawater crevice test read in this run was on a different grade and is not used here.
- 'Space and orbital data (atomic oxygen erosion, outgassing, thermal cycling in orbit, cryogenic properties): no NASA or NIST source with Grade 1 numbers was fetched.'
- 'Standard edition: the ASTM B265 copy is the 08b edition. The ATI sheet is version 1 dated 2012. Check current editions before specifying.'
- 'Designations not found on any page read in this run: EN 3.7025, DIN, EN name, ISO 5832-2 (ATI lists ISO 5832-2 for unalloyed titanium as a family, not Grade 1 specifically), JIS and GB.'
- 'Property names: hardness, beta_transus and reduction_of_area are not in spores/property-canon.yaml and use snake_case or the plain name.'
- Atomic weights of the constituents were not fetched, so recipe parts carry share limits only.
- Alleima's datasheet URL with ?show=pdf returned the HTML product page, so the Alleima values were read from that page (datasheet updated 2025-05-09). Alleima prints no density, mechanical or physical values for Grade 1.
- 'Critical-mineral lists: the USGS 2026 titanium summary fetched here does not list them, and the EU and USGS critical lists were not fetched for titanium.'
sources:
ati-cp1:
title: ATI 30, CP Grade 1 Titanium (ATI product page, product specifications by form)
id: ATI 30; UNS R50250
url: https://www.atimaterials.com/Products/ati-cp1
year: 2026
kind: web
license: supplier web page, cited not reproduced
ati-tds:
title: 'ATI CP Grade 1, 2, 3 and 4 Commercially Pure Titanium: technical data sheet (version 1, 2012)'
id: ATI; UNS R50250, R50400, R50550, R50700
url: https://www.atimaterials.com/Products/Documents/datasheets/titanium/commerciallypure/ati_cp1_cp2_cp3_cp4_tds_en1_v1.pdf
year: 2012
kind: datasheet
license: supplier datasheet, cited not reproduced
alleima-ti1:
title: Alleima Ti Grade 1 datasheet (seamless tube and pipe page, updated 2025-05-09)
id: Alleima; UNS R50250
url: https://www.alleima.com/en/technical-center/material-datasheets/tube-and-pipe-seamless/alleima-ti-grade-1/
year: 2025
kind: datasheet
license: supplier datasheet, cited not reproduced
smiths-cp1:
title: CP Grade 1 Technical Datasheet (Smiths Metal Centres)
id: Smiths Metal Centres; UNS R50250; ASTM B348 Grade 1; BS TA1; AMS 4940
url: https://www.smithmetal.com/pdf/titanium/cp-grade-1.pdf
year: 2023
kind: datasheet
license: supplier datasheet, cited not reproduced
astm-b265:
title: 'ASTM B265-08b: Standard Specification for Titanium and Titanium Alloy Strip, Sheet, and Plate (copy hosted by GS Alloy)'
id: ASTM B265-08b
url: https://gsalloy.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/ASTM-B265.pdf
year: 2008
kind: standard
license: standard copy, cited not reproduced
usgs-ti-2026:
title: 'Mineral Commodity Summaries 2026: Titanium (USGS, February 2026)'
id: USGS MCS 2026, Titanium
url: https://pubs.usgs.gov/periodicals/mcs2026/mcs2026-titanium.pdf
year: 2026
kind: report
license: US Government work, public domain
pubchem-ti:
title: 'PubChem: Titanium (CID 23963), GHS classification and identifiers'
id: PubChem CID 23963
url: https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/rest/pug_view/data/compound/23963/JSON
year: 2026
kind: database
license: PubChem, public
tpc-sheet:
title: 'Titanium Processing Center: titanium sheet product page (commercially pure titanium specifications list)'
id: Titanium Processing Center
url: https://www.titaniumprocessingcenter.com/products/titanium-sheet/
year: 2026
kind: web
license: supplier web page, cited not reproduced
license: CC-BY-4.0
updated: '2026-11-01'
review:
status: draft
method: assistant
checked_values: 15
unreachable: 0
caveats: 3
note: 'Written 2026-11-01 by an assistant from pages read in this run: ATI 30 product page, ATI CP Grade 1 to 4 technical data sheet, Alleima Ti Grade 1 page, Smiths CP Grade 1 datasheet, ASTM B265-08b copy, USGS MCS 2026 titanium and PubChem CID 23963. Conflicts in oxygen, carbon and formability are stated in gaps.'
story:
recipe:
line: Unalloyed titanium with no deliberate alloying additions. ASTM B265 Table 2 limits the Grade 1 composition to maximum oxygen, iron, carbon, nitrogen and hydrogen, with titanium as the balance. Process routes are not described in the sources fetched for this profile.
parts:
- name: Titanium
symbol: Ti
share_note: balance (the rest)
role: Base metal. ASTM B265 gives titanium as the balance after the listed maxima.
source: astm-b265
where: Table 2 Chemical Requirements, Titanium balance row, Grade 1 column
- name: Oxygen
symbol: O
share_high: 0.18
share_note: maximum 0.18 %
role: Interstitial impurity with a maximum limit. The Alleima datasheet prints a lower nominal limit (see gaps).
source: astm-b265
where: Table 2 Chemical Requirements, Oxygen max, Grade 1 column
- name: Iron
symbol: Fe
share_high: 0.2
share_note: maximum 0.2 %
role: Impurity with a maximum limit.
source: astm-b265
where: Table 2 Chemical Requirements, Iron max, Grade 1 column
- name: Carbon
symbol: C
share_high: 0.08
share_note: maximum 0.08 %
role: Interstitial impurity with a maximum limit.
source: astm-b265
where: Table 2 Chemical Requirements, Carbon max, Grade 1 column
- name: Nitrogen
symbol: 'N'
share_high: 0.03
share_note: maximum 0.03 %
role: Interstitial impurity with a maximum limit.
source: astm-b265
where: Table 2 Chemical Requirements, Nitrogen max, Grade 1 column
- name: Hydrogen
symbol: H
share_high: 0.015
share_note: maximum 0.015 %
role: Interstitial impurity with a maximum limit.
source: astm-b265
where: Table 2 Chemical Requirements, Hydrogen max, Grade 1 column
risk_groups:
- title: For people
level: 1
verdict: 'Solid: no class. Powder and swarf: flammable'
lead: The solid metal is not hazard-classed in the sources fetched here. PubChem gives titanium a flammable-solid classification (H228), which applies to powder and swarf.
points:
- label: Solid metal
line: Sheet, plate, bar and tube are covered by the Smiths and Alleima datasheets, which carry no hazard classification.
- label: Powder and swarf
line: PubChem gives H228 (flammable solid) from aggregated reports. Treat powder and swarf as a fire hazard.
why: Grade 1 is an unalloyed titanium grade chosen where ductility, formability and corrosion resistance matter more than strength. Alleima describes it as having relatively low strength and high ductility, and says it is typically used for plate heat exchangers. Smiths says it provides optimum ductility and cold formability with useful mechanical strength, and that it resists oxidising, neutral and mildly reducing media, including chlorides.
uses:
- where: Plate heat exchangers
line: Alleima says Ti Grade 1 is typically used for plate heat exchangers. The datasheet describes the grade as having low oxygen content, relatively low strength and high ductility.
- where: Chemical plant and marine equipment
line: Smiths lists typical applications for Grade 1 that include chemical plant, pharmaceutical, food, oil and gas, and marine industries.
- where: Airframe and cryogenic parts (shared CP range)
line: ATI lists airframe skin, structural components and cryogenic vessels for its CP grades together. The ATI sheet does not give a Grade 1 specific list.
can_do:
- label: Strength
benchmark: ultimate_tensile_strength
line: ASTM B265 Table 1 gives a minimum tensile strength of 240 MPa (35 ksi) and a minimum 0.2 % yield strength of 138 MPa (20 ksi) for strip, sheet and plate. Smiths prints typical values of 345 MPa tensile and 221 MPa yield.
- label: Ductility
benchmark: elongation
line: The ASTM minimum elongation is 24 % in 2 in or 50 mm. Smiths prints a typical elongation of 37 % on 2 in.
- label: Stiffness
benchmark: elastic_modulus
line: Smiths prints a typical elastic modulus of 103 GPa, without stating the loading mode.
- label: Density
benchmark: density
line: The ATI 30 product page prints a density of 4.51 g/cm3.
- label: Corrosion
line: Smiths says Grade 1 offers high corrosion resistance in oxidising, neutral and mildly reducing media, including chlorides. No Grade 1 seawater or crevice test was found.
compare: Grade 1 is described by Alleima as having relatively low strength and high ductility. Its ASTM B265 minimum tensile strength is 240 MPa, and the Smiths datasheet prints a typical elastic modulus of 103 GPa. The ATI 30 product page prints a density of 4.51 g/cm3. This profile does not compare Grade 1 numerically with other grades, because those grades are recorded in their own profiles. The table below sets out the three values recorded here.
compare_rows:
- label: Density
benchmark: density
- label: Elastic modulus
benchmark: elastic_modulus
- label: Yield strength
benchmark: yield_strength
handling:
- Weldability is excellent (Smiths). Use inert-gas shielding of the weld metal and heated zones, and keep oxygen, nitrogen and hydrogen out (ATI).
- 'Bending and forming: ATI notes limited formability at room temperature, and Smiths reports good cold formability. Test a sample first.'
- 'Machining: use slow speeds, heavy feeds, rigid tooling and non-chlorinated coolant (ATI).'
good_for:
- Plate heat exchangers, where Alleima says the grade is typically used.
- Forming and welding of sheet and plate where ductility matters more than strength (Smiths and ATI).
- Chemical plant and marine equipment, where corrosion resistance matters (Smiths).
watch_out:
- 'Low strength: 240 MPa minimum tensile (ASTM B265), with typical 345 MPa tensile (Smiths).'
- Hydrogen, oxygen and nitrogen pickup lowers ductility and notch resistance (ATI).
- Powder and swarf are a flammable-solid fire hazard (PubChem).
- No Grade 1 seawater or crevice test was found in the sources read.
verdict: Grade 1 is the unalloyed titanium choice where ductility and formability come before strength. ASTM B265 sets a 240 MPa minimum tensile strength, and Alleima points it at plate heat exchangers.
composition:
basis: weight percent, ASTM B265-08b Table 2, Grade 1 column
source: astm-b265
where: Table 2 Chemical Requirements, Grade 1 column
limits:
- element: O
max: 0.18
- element: Fe
max: 0.2
- element: C
max: 0.08
- element: 'N'
max: 0.03
- element: H
max: 0.015
note: 'ASTM B265-08b Table 2 and the ATI 30 product page both print O max 0.18, Fe max 0.20, C max 0.08, N max 0.03 and H max 0.015. The Alleima datasheet prints nominal values: Fe <= 0.20, O <= 0.12, C <= 0.08, H <= 0.01 and N <= 0.02. The Smiths datasheet prints C max 0.1, O 0.18 and H max 0.015 for sheet. The ASTM values are used.'
References
Every number above carries a reference number. Click one to see the source and where in it the value comes from.
| # | Source | Type | Year | Used for |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| ATI 30, CP Grade 1 Titanium (ATI product page, product specifications by form) | web | 2026 | 4 values | |
| ATI CP Grade 1, 2, 3 and 4 Commercially Pure Titanium: technical data sheet (version 1, 2012) | datasheet | 2012 | 8 values | |
| Alleima Ti Grade 1 datasheet (seamless tube and pipe page, updated 2025-05-09) | datasheet | 2025 | 1 value | |
| CP Grade 1 Technical Datasheet (Smiths Metal Centres) | datasheet | 2023 | 9 values | |
| ASTM B265-08b: Standard Specification for Titanium and Titanium Alloy Strip, Sheet, and Plate (copy hosted by GS Alloy) | standard | 2008 | 5 values | |
| Mineral Commodity Summaries 2026: Titanium (USGS, February 2026) | report | 2026 | 1 value | |
| PubChem: Titanium (CID 23963), GHS classification and identifiers | database | 2026 | 1 value | |
| Titanium Processing Center: titanium sheet product page (commercially pure titanium specifications list) | web | 2026 | 0 values |
Updated