Ti-15Mo (UNS R58150, ASTM F2066 beta titanium) Ti-15Mo
Ti-15Mo, titanium with about 15% molybdenum (metastable beta alloy) · Body-centred cubic beta phase
Also known as UNS R58150, ASTM F 2066, ATI 15Mo
Ti-15Mo is a metastable beta titanium alloy with about 15% molybdenum, sold as UNS R58150 and specified under ASTM F 2066 for surgical implants.
Evidence level
2 of 5
Lab-measured
- 0Predicted only. No one has made it, or no measurement exists.
- 1Calculated. Only calculated or predicted values from sources.
- 2Lab-measured. Measured properties with their conditions stated.
- 3Space-relevant tests. Measured in conditions relevant to space, such as vacuum or atomic oxygen.
- 4Ground-qualified. Qualified for an application on the ground.
- 5Flown or field-proven. Flight or field results exist.
Stiffness
78 GPa (beta annealed)
Strength
690 MPa minimum (beta annealed)
Ductility
20 % minimum (beta annealed)
Fatigue
800 MPa smooth, 250 to 300 MPa notched (Ringer's)
Recipe, share of the weight
- Ti balanceTitanium
- Mo 14 to 16%Molybdenum
Best for
Implant-type parts that need low stiffness and good ductility in the beta-annealed condition (ATI 15Mo data sheet)
Weakest at
Heat treatment control, since omega-phase embrittlement must be avoided, and notched fatigue (run-out of 250 to 300 MPa in Ringer's solution)
Risk at a glance
- People None found. No hazard class found for the bulk alloy
- If it fails Moderate. Embrittling omega phase after heat treatment
- Corrosion Moderate. Notched fatigue run-out falls to 250 to 300 MPa in Ringer's solution, against 800 MPa for smooth specimens.
Quick facts: Ti-15Mo
| Property | Value | Basis |
|---|---|---|
| Density | 4.95 g/cm³ | 1 sourced value |
| Yield strength | at least 483 MPa | 5 sourced values across conditions |
| Tensile strength | 690 to 1,590 MPa | 8 sourced values across conditions |
| Young's modulus | 60 to 130 GPa | 5 sourced values across conditions |
| Melting point | 1,704 to 1,760 °C | 1 sourced value |
What is the density of Ti-15Mo?
Ti-15Mo has a density of 4.95 g/cm³. The source and test conditions are listed in the properties table on this page.
What is the melting point of Ti-15Mo?
Ti-15Mo has a melting point of 1,704 to 1,760 °C. The source and test conditions are listed in the properties table on this page.
What is the yield strength of Ti-15Mo?
Ti-15Mo has a yield strength of at least 483 MPa. The range covers 5 sourced values across the tempers, forms and test conditions the sources report; room-temperature values are used where a source states a temperature.
What is the tensile strength of Ti-15Mo?
Ti-15Mo has a tensile strength of 690 to 1,590 MPa. The range covers 8 sourced values across the tempers, forms and test conditions the sources report; room-temperature values are used where a source states a temperature.
What is the Young's modulus of Ti-15Mo?
Ti-15Mo has a Young's modulus of 60 to 130 GPa. The range covers 5 sourced values across the tempers, forms and test conditions the sources report; room-temperature values are used where a source states a temperature.
What are the other names and codes for Ti-15Mo?
Ti-15Mo is also written as UNS R58150, ASTM F 2066, ATI 15Mo. Each code is printed in the source listed beside it in the designations table.
What is Ti-15Mo used for?
Uses recorded in the sources include Orthopedic, trauma and spinal implants; Dental, orthodontic and cardiovascular implants.
Why it exists
Ti-15Mo is a metastable beta titanium alloy, specified as UNS R58150 under ASTM F 2066. Metastable means it has enough molybdenum to keep the body-centred cubic beta phase when quenched from high temperature. ATI says its elastic modulus is about two-thirds that of ATI Ti-6Al-4V, and that its ductility and corrosion fatigue properties are better in the beta annealed condition. The alloy is made as bar, rod and wire for orthopedic, trauma, spinal, dental, orthodontic and cardiovascular applications. The sources read for this profile report no space or aerospace use of the alloy itself.
Where it's used
Orthopedic, trauma and spinal implants
ATI's data sheet says the alloy is manufactured as bar, rod and wire primarily for orthopedic, trauma and spinal applications.
Dental, orthodontic and cardiovascular implants
The same data sheet lists dental, orthodontic and cardiovascular applications for those product forms.
Space and aerospace
No space or aerospace part made from Ti-15Mo was found in the sources read. The USGS says most titanium metal goes to aerospace, but that statement covers titanium metal as a whole.
Recipe
Ti-15Mo, titanium with about 15% molybdenum (metastable beta alloy)
Ti-15Mo is a titanium alloy with about 15 percent molybdenum by weight. Bibus prints 14 to 16 percent Mo, and the ATI reference title reads Titanium-15% Molybdenum. ATI melts it in a plasma arc furnace and re-melts it in a vacuum arc (VAR) furnace to limit molybdenum segregation. Iron, carbon, oxygen, nitrogen and hydrogen are kept as low maximum impurities in the Bibus specification.
| Ingredient | Share of the weight | What it does |
|---|---|---|
| Titanium Ti | balance | The matrix metal. Titanium with the molybdenum forms the metastable body-centred cubic beta phase when quenched from the solution treatment. |
| Molybdenum Mo | 14 to 16% | Beta stabiliser. It keeps the beta phase when the alloy is quenched, which makes the alloy metastable. |
Weight shares are as printed in the sources.
What it can do
Stiffness
78 GPa (beta annealed)
measured
ATI gives an elastic modulus of 78 GPa for the beta annealed condition, 106 GPa for alpha plus beta annealed, and 114 GPa for micrograined alpha plus beta aged. The beta annealed value is about two-thirds of the modulus of ATI Ti-6Al-4V, as the data sheet states.
Strength
690 MPa minimum (beta annealed)
measured
ATI's ASTM F 2066 minimum tensile strength is 690 MPa for the beta annealed condition and 1150 MPa for alpha plus beta annealed and aged. A 2022 paper reached 1590 MPa with ultrafine-grained processing, a research condition and not a commercial grade.
Ductility
20 % minimum (beta annealed)
measured
The beta annealed condition has a 20 % minimum elongation in ATI's specification table, against 10 % for the alpha plus beta conditions. The totalmateria database page prints a standard minimum of 10 %, so the two sources are shown side by side.
Fatigue
800 MPa smooth, 250 to 300 MPa notched (Ringer's)
measured
In Ringer's solution at 37 °C, ATI reports a smooth-specimen fatigue run-out limit of 800 MPa and a notched run-out limit of 250 to 300 MPa for the micrograined alpha plus beta aged alloy.
How it compares
Ti-15Mo is a low-stiffness titanium alloy. Its beta annealed modulus of 78 GPa is below the 106 and 114 GPa of ATI's other two conditions, and below the 80 to 130 GPa range printed on the database page for the standard. The ATI data sheet compares it with ATI Ti-6Al-4V and ATI Ti-6Al-7Nb: the beta annealed modulus is about two-thirds of Ti-6Al-4V, and the data sheet says ATI 15Mo has better ductility and superior notch sensitivity resistance than the alpha-beta alloys it names. No space or flight comparison was found, so the table compares the alloy only on its own properties.
The same measurements for each material, so you can compare them. Each row names the key condition under the value; the full conditions and methods are in the numbered notes under Technical details. Other materials are shown beside it; each was measured under its own conditions, so open its page before comparing closely. Compare every grade in the family.
| Measurement | Ti-15Mo | CP Ti Grade 2 | Ti-6Al-4V | Ti-6Al-4V ELI | Ti-3Al-2.5V (Grade 9) | TiAl | Beta 3 | Ti Grade 11 | Ti Gr 12 | CP Ti Grade 3 | CP Ti Grade 7 | Ti minor alloys |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Thermal behavior and safety | ||||||||||||
| Melting range, ATI 15Mo | 1704 to 1760 °C3 | no data | 1604 °C | 1650 to 1660 °C | no data | no data | 3000 degF | 1670 °C | 1660 °C | no data | no data | 3000 degF |
| Physical and electrical | ||||||||||||
| Density, ATI 15Mo | 4.95 g/cm³1 | 4.51 g/cm³ | 4.43 g/cm³ | 4.42 g/cm³ | 4.48 g/cm³ | 3.8 g/cm³ | 5.07 g/cm³ | 4.51 g/cm³ | 4.51 g/cm³ | 4.51 g/cm³ | 4.51 g/cm³ | 4.54 g/cm³ |
| Hardness, beta annealed | 22 to 26 HRc15 | 160 HV | 30 HRC | no data | 15 HRC | no data | 24 to 38 HRC | no data | no data | 200 HV | no data | 24 to 38 HRC |
| Hardness maximum, bar in 1,475 °F anneal | < 24 HRc21 | 160 HV | 30 HRC | no data | 15 HRC | no data | 24 to 38 HRC | no data | no data | 200 HV | no data | 24 to 38 HRC |
| Other measurements | ||||||||||||
| Beta transus, ATI 15Mo | 774 °C2 | 913 °C | 995 °C | 966 °C | no data | no data | 750 °C | 888 °C | 890 °C | 1690 °F | no data | 800 °C |
| Elastic modulus, beta annealed | 78 GPa4 | 103 GPa | 113.8 GPa | 107 to 122 GPa | 91 GPa | 168 GPa | 82 GPa | 112 GPa | 103 GPa | 103 GPa | 112 GPa | 15000 ksi |
| Elastic modulus, alpha plus beta annealed | 106 GPa5 | 103 GPa | 113.8 GPa | 107 to 122 GPa | 91 GPa | 168 GPa | 82 GPa | 112 GPa | 103 GPa | 103 GPa | 112 GPa | 15000 ksi |
| Elastic modulus, micrograined alpha plus beta aged | 114 GPa6 | 103 GPa | 113.8 GPa | 107 to 122 GPa | 91 GPa | 168 GPa | 82 GPa | 112 GPa | 103 GPa | 103 GPa | 112 GPa | 15000 ksi |
| Tensile strength minimum, ASTM F 2066 beta annealed | > 690 MPa7 | > 345 MPa | no data | 828 MPa | > 620 MPa | 422 MPa | 1000 MPa | > 240 MPa | > 483 MPa | > 450 MPa | > 345 MPa | < 175 ksi |
| Yield strength minimum, ASTM F 2066 beta annealed | > 483 MPa8 | > 275 MPa | 830 MPa | 759 MPa | > 483 MPa | 326 MPa | 965 MPa | > 138 MPa | > 345 MPa | > 380 MPa | > 275 MPa | < 186 ksi |
| Elongation minimum, ASTM F 2066 beta annealed | > 20 %9 | > 20 % | 10 % | 10 % | > 15 % | 1.7 % | 7 % | > 24 % | > 18 % | > 18 % | > 20 % | < 10 % |
| Tensile strength minimum, alpha plus beta annealed | > 900 MPa10 | > 345 MPa | no data | 828 MPa | > 620 MPa | 422 MPa | 1000 MPa | > 240 MPa | > 483 MPa | > 450 MPa | > 345 MPa | < 175 ksi |
| Yield strength minimum, alpha plus beta annealed | > 800 MPa11 | > 275 MPa | 830 MPa | 759 MPa | > 483 MPa | 326 MPa | 965 MPa | > 138 MPa | > 345 MPa | > 380 MPa | > 275 MPa | < 186 ksi |
| Elongation minimum, alpha plus beta annealed | > 10 %12 | > 20 % | 10 % | 10 % | > 15 % | 1.7 % | 7 % | > 24 % | > 18 % | > 18 % | > 20 % | < 10 % |
| Tensile strength minimum, alpha plus beta annealed and aged | > 1150 MPa13 | > 345 MPa | no data | 828 MPa | > 620 MPa | 422 MPa | 1000 MPa | > 240 MPa | > 483 MPa | > 450 MPa | > 345 MPa | < 175 ksi |
| Yield strength minimum, alpha plus beta annealed and aged | > 1050 MPa14 | > 275 MPa | 830 MPa | 759 MPa | > 483 MPa | 326 MPa | 965 MPa | > 138 MPa | > 345 MPa | > 380 MPa | > 275 MPa | < 186 ksi |
| Smooth-specimen fatigue run-out limit in Ringer's solution | 800 MPa16 | no data | no data | no data | no data | no data | no data | no data | no data | no data | no data | no data |
| Notched fatigue run-out limit in Ringer's solution | 250 to 300 MPa17 | no data | no data | no data | no data | no data | no data | no data | no data | no data | no data | no data |
| Tensile strength minimum, bar in 1,475 °F anneal | > 793 MPa18 | > 345 MPa | no data | 828 MPa | > 620 MPa | 422 MPa | 1000 MPa | > 240 MPa | > 483 MPa | > 450 MPa | > 345 MPa | < 175 ksi |
| Yield strength minimum (0.2 %), bar in 1,475 °F anneal | > 655 MPa19 | > 275 MPa | 830 MPa | 759 MPa | > 483 MPa | 326 MPa | 965 MPa | > 138 MPa | > 345 MPa | > 380 MPa | > 275 MPa | < 186 ksi |
| Elongation minimum, bar in 1,475 °F anneal | > 22 %20 | > 20 % | 10 % | 10 % | > 15 % | 1.7 % | 7 % | > 24 % | > 18 % | > 18 % | > 20 % | < 10 % |
| Elastic modulus range, ASTM F2066 standard data | 80 to 130 GPa22 | 103 GPa | 113.8 GPa | 107 to 122 GPa | 91 GPa | 168 GPa | 82 GPa | 112 GPa | 103 GPa | 103 GPa | 112 GPa | 15000 ksi |
| Tensile strength minimum, ASTM F2066 standard data | > 690 MPa23 | > 345 MPa | no data | 828 MPa | > 620 MPa | 422 MPa | 1000 MPa | > 240 MPa | > 483 MPa | > 450 MPa | > 345 MPa | < 175 ksi |
| Yield strength minimum (Rp0.2), ASTM F2066 standard data | > 483 MPa24 | > 275 MPa | 830 MPa | 759 MPa | > 483 MPa | 326 MPa | 965 MPa | > 138 MPa | > 345 MPa | > 380 MPa | > 275 MPa | < 186 ksi |
| Elongation minimum, ASTM F2066 standard data | > 10 %25 | > 20 % | 10 % | 10 % | > 15 % | 1.7 % | 7 % | > 24 % | > 18 % | > 18 % | > 20 % | < 10 % |
| Tensile strength, alpha plus beta initial state before processing | 1017 MPa26 | > 345 MPa | no data | 828 MPa | > 620 MPa | 422 MPa | 1000 MPa | > 240 MPa | > 483 MPa | > 450 MPa | > 345 MPa | < 175 ksi |
| Fracture elongation, alpha plus beta initial state | 24 %27 | > 20 % | 10 % | 10 % | > 15 % | 1.7 % | 7 % | > 24 % | > 18 % | > 18 % | > 20 % | < 10 % |
| Fatigue limit, alpha plus beta initial state | 500 MPa28 | no data | no data | no data | no data | no data | no data | no data | no data | no data | no data | no data |
| Tensile strength after ECAP-Conform, drawing and annealing | 1590 MPa29 | > 345 MPa | no data | 828 MPa | > 620 MPa | 422 MPa | 1000 MPa | > 240 MPa | > 483 MPa | > 450 MPa | > 345 MPa | < 175 ksi |
| Fatigue limit after ECAP-Conform, drawing and annealing | 710 MPa30 | no data | no data | no data | no data | no data | no data | no data | no data | no data | no data | no data |
| Fracture elongation after ECAP-Conform, drawing and annealing | 10 %31 | > 20 % | 10 % | 10 % | > 15 % | 1.7 % | 7 % | > 24 % | > 18 % | > 18 % | > 20 % | < 10 % |
| Elastic modulus range, Ti-15Mo review | 60 to 80 GPa32 | 103 GPa | 113.8 GPa | 107 to 122 GPa | 91 GPa | 168 GPa | 82 GPa | 112 GPa | 103 GPa | 103 GPa | 112 GPa | 15000 ksi |
| Tensile strength, Ti-15Mo review | 900 MPa33 | > 345 MPa | no data | 828 MPa | > 620 MPa | 422 MPa | 1000 MPa | > 240 MPa | > 483 MPa | > 450 MPa | > 345 MPa | < 175 ksi |
Why choose it, and why not
Good for
- Low stiffness: 78 GPa in the beta annealed condition, against 106 and 114 GPa for the other two ATI conditions.
- High strength after ageing: at least 1150 MPa tensile in the alpha plus beta annealed and aged condition, per ATI.
Watch out for
- Omega-phase embrittlement during cooling, so the heat treatment route must match the condition.
- Notched fatigue: run-out of 250 to 300 MPa in Ringer's solution, against 800 MPa for smooth specimens.
- The strength values are from a 2014 manufacturer data sheet and a standard page; the current ASTM F 2066 revision was not read.
- No flight, vacuum or radiation data were found for this alloy.
Ti-15Mo is a low-stiffness beta titanium alloy with good ductility in the beta annealed condition and high strength after ageing. The sources read for this profile give terrestrial data only, so flight suitability is not established.
Technical details
For scientists and researchers. Everything above comes from the record below: every number with its method, its conditions and its source.
Other names and standards
The same grade under other systems, as datasheets and standards print them. Each code was checked against the page it comes from.
| System | Codes |
|---|---|
| UNS | R58150 |
| ASTM | F 2066 |
| Trade name | ATI 15Mo |
Notes
The method, full conditions and any caveat for the numbered rows above.
| # | Measurement | Method | Conditions | Caveat |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Density, ATI 15Mo | Printed value in the Physical Properties section of the ATI technical data sheet, Version 2 (2014) | grade ATI 15Mo (UNS R58150)basis printed as 4.95 gm/cc and 0.179 lbs/cu. in.; no temperature printedunit in source gm/cc | — |
| 2 | Beta transus, ATI 15Mo | Printed value in the Physical Properties section of the ATI technical data sheet | grade ATI 15Mo (UNS R58150)tolerance ± 14 C° as printedprinted f 1,425° F (± 25 F°) | — |
| 3 | Melting range, ATI 15Mo | Range printed in the Physical Properties section of the ATI technical data sheet | grade ATI 15Mo (UNS R58150)basis range printed as 3,100 - 3,200° F (1,704 - 1,760° C) | — |
| 4 | Elastic modulus, beta annealed | Printed value in the Physical Properties section of the ATI technical data sheet | grade ATI 15Mo (UNS R58150)condition beta annealed | — |
| 5 | Elastic modulus, alpha plus beta annealed | Printed value in the Physical Properties section of the ATI technical data sheet | grade ATI 15Mo (UNS R58150)condition alpha plus beta annealed | — |
| 6 | Elastic modulus, micrograined alpha plus beta aged | Printed value in the Physical Properties section of the ATI technical data sheet | grade ATI 15Mo (UNS R58150)condition micrograined alpha plus beta aged | — |
| 7 | Tensile strength minimum, ASTM F 2066 beta annealed | Specification minimum printed in the SPECIFICATIONS table of the ATI data sheet | grade ATI 15Mo (UNS R58150)condition beta annealedthickness up to 2.0 in, as printedbasis specification minimum; printed as 100 (690) ksi (MPa) | — |
| 8 | Yield strength minimum, ASTM F 2066 beta annealed | Specification minimum printed in the SPECIFICATIONS table of the ATI data sheet | grade ATI 15Mo (UNS R58150)condition beta annealedbasis specification minimum; printed as 70 (483) ksi (MPa); offset not stated | — |
| 9 | Elongation minimum, ASTM F 2066 beta annealed | Specification minimum printed in the SPECIFICATIONS table of the ATI data sheet | grade ATI 15Mo (UNS R58150)condition beta annealedbasis specification minimum; reduction in area minimum 40 % printed beside it | — |
| 10 | Tensile strength minimum, alpha plus beta annealed | Specification minimum printed in the SPECIFICATIONS table of the ATI data sheet | grade ATI 15Mo (UNS R58150)condition alpha plus beta annealedbasis specification minimum; printed as 130.5 (900) ksi (MPa) | — |
| 11 | Yield strength minimum, alpha plus beta annealed | Specification minimum printed in the SPECIFICATIONS table of the ATI data sheet | grade ATI 15Mo (UNS R58150)condition alpha plus beta annealedbasis specification minimum; printed as 116 (800) ksi (MPa) | — |
| 12 | Elongation minimum, alpha plus beta annealed | Specification minimum printed in the SPECIFICATIONS table of the ATI data sheet | grade ATI 15Mo (UNS R58150)condition alpha plus beta annealedbasis specification minimum | — |
| 13 | Tensile strength minimum, alpha plus beta annealed and aged | Specification minimum printed in the SPECIFICATIONS table of the ATI data sheet | grade ATI 15Mo (UNS R58150)condition alpha plus beta annealed plus agedbasis specification minimum; printed as 166.75 (1150) ksi (MPa) | — |
| 14 | Yield strength minimum, alpha plus beta annealed and aged | Specification minimum printed in the SPECIFICATIONS table of the ATI data sheet | grade ATI 15Mo (UNS R58150)condition alpha plus beta annealed plus agedbasis specification minimum; printed as 152.25 (1050) ksi (MPa) | — |
| 15 | Hardness, beta annealed | Range printed in the HARDNESS table of the ATI data sheet, under the HRc Range heading | grade ATI 15Mo (UNS R58150)condition beta annealed | — |
| 16 | Smooth-specimen fatigue run-out limit in Ringer's solution | Run-out limit stated in the micrograined ATI 15Mo stress corrosion cracking and fatigue section of the ATI data sheet | grade ATI 15Mo (UNS R58150)condition micrograined alpha plus beta aged (ATI wording: ATI 15Mo alpha/beta alloy)environment Ringer's solution, 37 °C, aeratedspecimen smoothtest tension-tension, R = 0.053, ASTM F1801 guidelines | — |
| 17 | Notched fatigue run-out limit in Ringer's solution | Range stated in the micrograined ATI 15Mo stress corrosion cracking and fatigue section of the ATI data sheet | grade ATI 15Mo (UNS R58150)condition micrograined alpha plus beta aged (ATI wording: ATI 15Mo alpha/beta alloy)environment Ringer's solution, 37 °C, aeratedspecimen notchedtest tension-tension, R = 0.053, ASTM F1801 guidelines | — |
| 18 | Tensile strength minimum, bar in 1,475 °F anneal | Minimum printed in the Tensile Strength section of the ATI 15Mo product page | grade ATI 15Mo (bar and billet)condition 1,475°F anneal, as printedbasis minimum; printed as 115 min ksi and 793 min MPa | — |
| 19 | Yield strength minimum (0.2 %), bar in 1,475 °F anneal | Minimum printed in the Yield Strength section of the ATI 15Mo product page | grade ATI 15Mo (bar and billet)condition 1,475°F anneal, as printedoffset 0.2 %basis minimum; printed as 95 min ksi and 655 min MPa | — |
| 20 | Elongation minimum, bar in 1,475 °F anneal | Minimum printed in the Elongation section of the ATI 15Mo product page | grade ATI 15Mo (bar and billet)condition 1,475°F anneal, as printedbasis minimum | — |
| 21 | Hardness maximum, bar in 1,475 °F anneal | Maximum printed in the Hardness section of the ATI 15Mo product page | grade ATI 15Mo (bar and billet)condition 1,475°F anneal, as printedbasis maximum | — |
| 22 | Elastic modulus range, ASTM F2066 standard data | Range printed in the Physical Properties table on a Japanese-language database page for ASTM F2066 R58150; that page calls it a 2023 revision of F2066 | grade R58150 (ASTM F2066 alloy)basis range printed for 0 to 30 degrees C in the physical properties table; the standard data, not one condition | — |
| 23 | Tensile strength minimum, ASTM F2066 standard data | Minimum printed in the Mechanical Properties (0-30 °C) table on the database page for ASTM F2066 R58150 | grade R58150 (ASTM F2066 alloy)basis minimum printed for 0 to 30 degrees C; the page gives no condition | — |
| 24 | Yield strength minimum (Rp0.2), ASTM F2066 standard data | Minimum printed in the Mechanical Properties (0-30 °C) table on the database page for ASTM F2066 R58150 | grade R58150 (ASTM F2066 alloy)basis minimum printed for 0 to 30 degrees C; the page gives no condition | — |
| 25 | Elongation minimum, ASTM F2066 standard data | Minimum printed in the Mechanical Properties (0-30 °C) table on the database page for ASTM F2066 R58150 | grade R58150 (ASTM F2066 alloy)basis minimum printed for 0 to 30 degrees C; differs from the 20 % beta-annealed minimum on the ATI data sheet, and both are kept | — |
| 26 | Tensile strength, alpha plus beta initial state before processing | Measured tensile result in a 2022 open-access paper on Ti-15Mo; a research material, not a commercial product grade | grade Ti-15Mo (ASTM F2066), research materialcondition alpha plus beta initial state, before ECAP-Conform and drawingbasis printed as 1017 ± 10 MPa | Uncertainty: ± 10 MPa |
| 27 | Fracture elongation, alpha plus beta initial state | Measured elongation in a 2022 open-access paper on Ti-15Mo; a research material, not a commercial product grade | grade Ti-15Mo (ASTM F2066), research materialcondition alpha plus beta initial state, before ECAP-Conform and drawing | — |
| 28 | Fatigue limit, alpha plus beta initial state | Measured fatigue limit in a 2022 open-access paper on Ti-15Mo; a research material, not a commercial product grade | grade Ti-15Mo (ASTM F2066), research materialcondition alpha plus beta initial statetest tension-compression fatigue, 10 million cycles (table header N = 10 7) | — |
| 29 | Tensile strength after ECAP-Conform, drawing and annealing | Measured tensile result in a 2022 open-access paper on Ti-15Mo; a research material, not a commercial product grade | grade Ti-15Mo (ASTM F2066), research materialcondition ultrafine-grained, ECAP-Conform and drawing, then annealed at 200 °C for 1 hbasis printed as sigma uts = 1590 ± 30 MPa | Uncertainty: ± 30 MPa |
| 30 | Fatigue limit after ECAP-Conform, drawing and annealing | Measured fatigue limit in a 2022 open-access paper on Ti-15Mo; a research material, not a commercial product grade | grade Ti-15Mo (ASTM F2066), research materialcondition ultrafine-grained, ECAP-Conform and drawing, then annealed at 200 °C for 1 htest tension-compression fatigue, 10 million cycles (table header N = 10 7) | Uncertainty: ± 10 MPa |
| 31 | Fracture elongation after ECAP-Conform, drawing and annealing | Measured elongation in a 2022 open-access paper on Ti-15Mo; a research material, not a commercial product grade | grade Ti-15Mo (ASTM F2066), research materialcondition ultrafine-grained, ECAP-Conform and drawing, then annealed at 200 °C for 1 hbasis printed as delta = 10% | — |
| 32 | Elastic modulus range, Ti-15Mo review | Range stated in a 2026 review of Ti-15Mo fabrication, properties and applications | grade Ti-15Mo (general, as the review states it)basis range printed in the review; no processing condition given | — |
| 33 | Tensile strength, Ti-15Mo review | Approximate value stated in a 2026 review of Ti-15Mo fabrication, properties and applications | grade Ti-15Mo (general, as the review states it)basis approximate, printed as ∼900 MPa; no processing condition given | — |
Corrosion and compatibility
What happens when it meets other materials and environments.
| Environment | Concern | What happens |
|---|---|---|
| Phosphate buffered saline solution | low | ATI reports better corrosion resistance in phosphate buffered saline than Ti-6Al-4V ELI and Ti-6Al-7Nb.1 |
| Anodic polarization test in a corrosive test environment | low | Anodic polarization ranks ATI 15Mo above CP Ti-4, Ti-6Al-4V ELI and Ti-6Al-7Nb in one test.2 |
| Stress corrosion cracking test at a medical centre | none | No stress corrosion cracking was seen under the conditions tested.3 |
| Corrosion fatigue in Ringer's solution at 37 °C | moderate | Notched fatigue run-out falls to 250 to 300 MPa in Ringer's solution, against 800 MPa for smooth specimens.4 |
| # | Environment | Details | Test conditions |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Phosphate buffered saline solution | ATI states that ATI 15Mo alloys and ATI CP titanium exhibit better corrosion resistance in phosphate buffered saline solutions than ATI Ti-6Al-4V ELI and ATI Ti-6Al-7Nb. The data sheet gives no corrosion rate or test duration. | basis qualitative comparison in the manufacturer data sheet; no measured rate printed |
| 2 | Anodic polarization test in a corrosive test environment | ATI says anodic polarization measurements show that ATI 15Mo performs better in a test corrosive environment than ATI Ti CP-4, ATI Ti-6Al-4V ELI and ATI Ti-6Al-7Nb. The environment is not named on the data sheet. | basis manufacturer statement; environment and test details not printed |
| 3 | Stress corrosion cracking test at a medical centre | ATI reports that ATI 15Mo alloys, in both the beta and alpha plus beta annealed conditions, are not susceptible to stress corrosion cracking under the conditions tested at the University of Mississippi Medical Center. | basis only the conditions tested at the medical centre; those conditions are not printed on the data sheet |
| 4 | Corrosion fatigue in Ringer's solution at 37 °C | ATI reports that the micrograined alpha plus beta aged alloy had a smooth-specimen fatigue run-out limit of 800 MPa in Ringer's solution and a notched run-out limit between 250 MPa and 300 MPa in the same solution. | environment aerated Ringer's solution, 37 °Ctest tension-tension, R = 0.053, following ASTM F1801 |
Risks and side effects
Hazards to people, what happens when a cell overheats, and how the material is handled and stored.
For people
No safety data sheet for Ti-15Mo was read. The hazard codes available describe the element titanium, not this alloy.
- The alloy
- PubChem's titanium record lists H228, H250 and H251 from one notification, and Not Classified from the ECHA entry. Those codes describe titanium as a substance, not the bulk Ti-15Mo bar.
- Machining
- ATI advises irrigating the tooling and workpiece with large amounts of non-chlorinated cutting fluid.
If the part overheats in processing
These results come from the manufacturer and from a 2022 paper on the same alloy, not from field incidents.
- Omega phase
- The embrittling omega phase forms on cooling from near or above the beta transus, which ATI prints as 774 °C. Rapid cooling or slow cooling is used to avoid it, depending on the condition.
- Stress-induced omega
- The 2022 paper states that stress-induced omega phase precipitates embrittle the alloy when it is deformed after solution treatment.
Handling and storage
- Pick-up
- ATI warns to avoid hydrogen, oxygen and nitrogen pick-up at exposed surfaces during machining, cutting and grinding, and during improper pickling.
- Heat treatment
- Anneal at 1,475 to 1,800 °F (802 to 982 °C) for 0.5 to 1 hour, then quench or slow cool depending on the condition, as ATI sets out.
Test details
The original wording and numbers from the sources, for readers who want them.
Failure risks
| Failure | Trigger and consequence |
|---|---|
| Embrittling omega phase after heat treatmentmoderate severity | Cooling from temperatures near or above the beta transus, which ATI prints as 774 °CThe embrittling omega phase forms during cooling. ATI says rapid cooling (beta annealed) or slow cooling (alpha plus beta) is needed to avoid it. |
| Stress-induced omega phasemoderate severity | Deformation of a solution-treated metastable beta alloyThe 2022 paper states that stress-induced omega phase precipitates embrittle the alloy, which is why the processing route matters for this material. |
| Notched fatiguemoderate severity | Cyclic load on a notched part in Ringer's solution at 37 °CNotched run-out limit of 250 to 300 MPa, against 800 MPa for a smooth specimen in the same solution, per ATI. |
| Loss of ductility from interstitial pick-upmoderate severity | Improper pickling, or pick-up of hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen or carbon during forging, heat treating, grinding or machiningATI says the reduction in ductility can adversely affect notch sensitivity and forming characteristics. |
Handling and storage
- Anneal at 1,475 to 1,800 °F (802 to 982 °C) for 0.5 to 1 hour. Beta annealed material is rapidly quenched to below 1,025 °F (552 °C); alpha plus beta material is slow cooled to below 1,025 °F (552 °C).
- Age the alpha plus beta condition at 1,000 to 1,200 °F (538 to 649 °C) for more than 4 hours, then air cool. ATI says other ageing routes for the micrograined condition need to be agreed with ATI.
- Forge above the beta transus from above 1,500 °F (816 °C), or below it from 1,200 to 1,375 °F (649 to 746 °C). An immediate water quench limits omega phase in thin sections.
- Machine with new, sharp tools at higher feed rates and lower speeds, with large amounts of non-chlorinated cutting fluid. Avoid hydrogen, oxygen and nitrogen pick-up at exposed surfaces during machining, cutting or grinding.
Mitigations
- Quench the beta annealed condition rapidly, or cool the alpha plus beta condition slowly, to avoid omega embrittlement.
Supply and geography
How common the raw materials are and where they come from.
Titanium sponge (feedstock for titanium alloys such as Ti-15Mo)
Not read in this run
- Top producers (2025)
- China 70.3%, Japan 14.3%, Russia 6.8%, Kazakhstan 4.3%, Saudi Arabia 3.2%
Molybdenum (alloying element, 14 to 16 % of Ti-15Mo)
- Top producers (2025)
- China 37.3%, Chile 16.2%, United States 15.4%, Peru 15%, Mexico 6.5%
Documents
Datasheets, safety data sheets, papers and standards you can open.
Full record
The complete spore, as stored. Free to reuse under CC-BY-4.0. Images keep the licence shown with each one.
Show the full YAML
spore: profile
id: titanium-15mo
spore_version: '0.2'
family: titanium-alloys
name: Ti-15Mo (UNS R58150, ASTM F2066 beta titanium)
abbreviation: Ti-15Mo
role: structural alloy
category: metals
type: titanium
summary: |
Ti-15Mo is a metastable beta titanium alloy with about 15% molybdenum, sold as UNS R58150 and specified under ASTM F 2066 for surgical implants. ATI gives an elastic modulus of 78 GPa for the beta-annealed condition and a minimum tensile strength of 1150 MPa after alpha plus beta annealing and ageing. The sources read for this profile contain no flight, vacuum or space test of the alloy.
best_for: Implant-type parts that need low stiffness and good ductility in the beta-annealed condition (ATI 15Mo data sheet)
weakest_at: Heat treatment control, since omega-phase embrittlement must be avoided, and notched fatigue (run-out of 250 to 300 MPa in Ringer's solution)
identity:
formula: Ti-15Mo, titanium with about 15% molybdenum (metastable beta alloy)
crystal_system: Body-centred cubic beta phase, metastable (ATI datasheet)
source: ati-datasheet
where: Metallurgical conditions section (beta phase, bcc); reference 1 title 'Wrought Titanium-15% Molybdenum Implant Material'
designations:
- system: UNS
code: R58150
source: ati-datasheet
where: Opening paragraph, 'ATI 15Mo Alloys (UNS R58150)'
- system: ASTM
code: F 2066
source: ati-datasheet
where: SPECIFICATIONS, 'ASTM F 2066 - Bar, Rod, Sheet, and Wire'
- system: Trade name
code: ATI 15Mo
source: ati-datasheet
where: Title block, 'ATI 15Mo Titanium Alloy'
tags:
environments: []
stresses: []
applications:
- structures
properties:
- benchmark: density
label: Density, ATI 15Mo
value: 4.95
unit: g/cm3
scope: material
conditions:
grade: ATI 15Mo (UNS R58150)
basis: printed as 4.95 gm/cc and 0.179 lbs/cu. in.; no temperature printed
unit_in_source: gm/cc
method: Printed value in the Physical Properties section of the ATI technical data sheet, Version 2 (2014)
status: ground
source: ati-datasheet
where: PHYSICAL PROPERTIES, Density row
- benchmark: beta_transus
label: Beta transus, ATI 15Mo
value: 774
unit: °C
scope: material
conditions:
grade: ATI 15Mo (UNS R58150)
tolerance: ± 14 C° as printed
printed_f: 1,425° F (± 25 F°)
method: Printed value in the Physical Properties section of the ATI technical data sheet
status: ground
source: ati-datasheet
where: PHYSICAL PROPERTIES, Beta Transus Temperature row
- benchmark: melting_point
label: Melting range, ATI 15Mo
value: 1704
value_high: 1760
bound: range
unit: °C
scope: material
conditions:
grade: ATI 15Mo (UNS R58150)
basis: range printed as 3,100 - 3,200° F (1,704 - 1,760° C)
method: Range printed in the Physical Properties section of the ATI technical data sheet
status: ground
source: ati-datasheet
where: PHYSICAL PROPERTIES, Melting Range row
- benchmark: elastic_modulus
label: Elastic modulus, beta annealed
value: 78
unit: GPa
scope: material
conditions:
grade: ATI 15Mo (UNS R58150)
condition: beta annealed
method: Printed value in the Physical Properties section of the ATI technical data sheet
status: ground
source: ati-datasheet
where: PHYSICAL PROPERTIES, Elastic Modulus, first line
- benchmark: elastic_modulus
label: Elastic modulus, alpha plus beta annealed
value: 106
unit: GPa
scope: material
conditions:
grade: ATI 15Mo (UNS R58150)
condition: alpha plus beta annealed
method: Printed value in the Physical Properties section of the ATI technical data sheet
status: ground
source: ati-datasheet
where: PHYSICAL PROPERTIES, Elastic Modulus, second line
- benchmark: elastic_modulus
label: Elastic modulus, micrograined alpha plus beta aged
value: 114
unit: GPa
scope: material
conditions:
grade: ATI 15Mo (UNS R58150)
condition: micrograined alpha plus beta aged
method: Printed value in the Physical Properties section of the ATI technical data sheet
status: ground
source: ati-datasheet
where: PHYSICAL PROPERTIES, Elastic Modulus, third line
- benchmark: ultimate_tensile_strength
label: Tensile strength minimum, ASTM F 2066 beta annealed
value: 690
bound: lower
unit: MPa
scope: material
conditions:
grade: ATI 15Mo (UNS R58150)
condition: beta annealed
thickness: up to 2.0 in, as printed
basis: specification minimum; printed as 100 (690) ksi (MPa)
method: Specification minimum printed in the SPECIFICATIONS table of the ATI data sheet
status: ground
source: ati-datasheet
where: SPECIFICATIONS table, Beta row, UTS min
- benchmark: yield_strength
label: Yield strength minimum, ASTM F 2066 beta annealed
value: 483
bound: lower
unit: MPa
scope: material
conditions:
grade: ATI 15Mo (UNS R58150)
condition: beta annealed
basis: specification minimum; printed as 70 (483) ksi (MPa); offset not stated
method: Specification minimum printed in the SPECIFICATIONS table of the ATI data sheet
status: ground
source: ati-datasheet
where: SPECIFICATIONS table, Beta row, YS min
- benchmark: elongation
label: Elongation minimum, ASTM F 2066 beta annealed
value: 20
bound: lower
unit: '%'
scope: material
conditions:
grade: ATI 15Mo (UNS R58150)
condition: beta annealed
basis: specification minimum; reduction in area minimum 40 % printed beside it
method: Specification minimum printed in the SPECIFICATIONS table of the ATI data sheet
status: ground
source: ati-datasheet
where: SPECIFICATIONS table, Beta row, %El min
- benchmark: ultimate_tensile_strength
label: Tensile strength minimum, alpha plus beta annealed
value: 900
bound: lower
unit: MPa
scope: material
conditions:
grade: ATI 15Mo (UNS R58150)
condition: alpha plus beta annealed
basis: specification minimum; printed as 130.5 (900) ksi (MPa)
method: Specification minimum printed in the SPECIFICATIONS table of the ATI data sheet
status: ground
source: ati-datasheet
where: SPECIFICATIONS table, Alpha plus Beta row, UTS min
- benchmark: yield_strength
label: Yield strength minimum, alpha plus beta annealed
value: 800
bound: lower
unit: MPa
scope: material
conditions:
grade: ATI 15Mo (UNS R58150)
condition: alpha plus beta annealed
basis: specification minimum; printed as 116 (800) ksi (MPa)
method: Specification minimum printed in the SPECIFICATIONS table of the ATI data sheet
status: ground
source: ati-datasheet
where: SPECIFICATIONS table, Alpha plus Beta row, YS min
- benchmark: elongation
label: Elongation minimum, alpha plus beta annealed
value: 10
bound: lower
unit: '%'
scope: material
conditions:
grade: ATI 15Mo (UNS R58150)
condition: alpha plus beta annealed
basis: specification minimum
method: Specification minimum printed in the SPECIFICATIONS table of the ATI data sheet
status: ground
source: ati-datasheet
where: SPECIFICATIONS table, Alpha plus Beta row, %El min
- benchmark: ultimate_tensile_strength
label: Tensile strength minimum, alpha plus beta annealed and aged
value: 1150
bound: lower
unit: MPa
scope: material
conditions:
grade: ATI 15Mo (UNS R58150)
condition: alpha plus beta annealed plus aged
basis: specification minimum; printed as 166.75 (1150) ksi (MPa)
method: Specification minimum printed in the SPECIFICATIONS table of the ATI data sheet
status: ground
source: ati-datasheet
where: SPECIFICATIONS table, Alpha plus Beta + Aged row, UTS min
- benchmark: yield_strength
label: Yield strength minimum, alpha plus beta annealed and aged
value: 1050
bound: lower
unit: MPa
scope: material
conditions:
grade: ATI 15Mo (UNS R58150)
condition: alpha plus beta annealed plus aged
basis: specification minimum; printed as 152.25 (1050) ksi (MPa)
method: Specification minimum printed in the SPECIFICATIONS table of the ATI data sheet
status: ground
source: ati-datasheet
where: SPECIFICATIONS table, Alpha plus Beta + Aged row, YS min
- benchmark: hardness
label: Hardness, beta annealed
value: 22
value_high: 26
bound: range
unit: HRc
scope: material
conditions:
grade: ATI 15Mo (UNS R58150)
condition: beta annealed
method: Range printed in the HARDNESS table of the ATI data sheet, under the HRc Range heading
status: ground
source: ati-datasheet
where: HARDNESS table, Beta Annealed row
- benchmark: fatigue_strength
label: Smooth-specimen fatigue run-out limit in Ringer's solution
value: 800
unit: MPa
scope: material
conditions:
grade: ATI 15Mo (UNS R58150)
condition: 'micrograined alpha plus beta aged (ATI wording: ATI 15Mo alpha/beta alloy)'
environment: Ringer's solution, 37 °C, aerated
specimen: smooth
test: tension-tension, R = 0.053, ASTM F1801 guidelines
method: Run-out limit stated in the micrograined ATI 15Mo stress corrosion cracking and fatigue section of the ATI data sheet
status: ground
source: ati-datasheet
where: Micrograined ATI 15Mo alloy stress corrosion cracking and fatigue strength section, second paragraph
- benchmark: fatigue_strength
label: Notched fatigue run-out limit in Ringer's solution
value: 250
value_high: 300
bound: range
unit: MPa
scope: material
conditions:
grade: ATI 15Mo (UNS R58150)
condition: 'micrograined alpha plus beta aged (ATI wording: ATI 15Mo alpha/beta alloy)'
environment: Ringer's solution, 37 °C, aerated
specimen: notched
test: tension-tension, R = 0.053, ASTM F1801 guidelines
method: Range stated in the micrograined ATI 15Mo stress corrosion cracking and fatigue section of the ATI data sheet
status: ground
source: ati-datasheet
where: Micrograined ATI 15Mo alloy stress corrosion cracking and fatigue strength section, second paragraph, notched condition
- benchmark: ultimate_tensile_strength
label: Tensile strength minimum, bar in 1,475 °F anneal
value: 793
bound: lower
unit: MPa
scope: material
conditions:
grade: ATI 15Mo (bar and billet)
condition: 1,475°F anneal, as printed
basis: minimum; printed as 115 min ksi and 793 min MPa
method: Minimum printed in the Tensile Strength section of the ATI 15Mo product page
status: ground
source: ati-web
where: Tensile Strength section, MPa value
- benchmark: yield_strength
label: Yield strength minimum (0.2 %), bar in 1,475 °F anneal
value: 655
bound: lower
unit: MPa
scope: material
conditions:
grade: ATI 15Mo (bar and billet)
condition: 1,475°F anneal, as printed
offset: 0.2 %
basis: minimum; printed as 95 min ksi and 655 min MPa
method: Minimum printed in the Yield Strength section of the ATI 15Mo product page
status: ground
source: ati-web
where: Yield Strength section, MPa value
- benchmark: elongation
label: Elongation minimum, bar in 1,475 °F anneal
value: 22
bound: lower
unit: '%'
scope: material
conditions:
grade: ATI 15Mo (bar and billet)
condition: 1,475°F anneal, as printed
basis: minimum
method: Minimum printed in the Elongation section of the ATI 15Mo product page
status: ground
source: ati-web
where: Elongation section, 22% min
- benchmark: hardness
label: Hardness maximum, bar in 1,475 °F anneal
value: 24
bound: upper
unit: HRc
scope: material
conditions:
grade: ATI 15Mo (bar and billet)
condition: 1,475°F anneal, as printed
basis: maximum
method: Maximum printed in the Hardness section of the ATI 15Mo product page
status: ground
source: ati-web
where: Hardness section, 24 HRC max
- benchmark: elastic_modulus
label: Elastic modulus range, ASTM F2066 standard data
value: 80
value_high: 130
bound: range
unit: GPa
scope: material
conditions:
grade: R58150 (ASTM F2066 alloy)
basis: range printed for 0 to 30 degrees C in the physical properties table; the standard data, not one condition
method: Range printed in the Physical Properties table on a Japanese-language database page for ASTM F2066 R58150; that page calls it a 2023 revision of F2066
status: ground
source: totalmateria-f2066
where: Physical Properties (0-30 °C) table, Elastic modulus row, 80 - 130 GPa
- benchmark: ultimate_tensile_strength
label: Tensile strength minimum, ASTM F2066 standard data
value: 690
bound: lower
unit: MPa
scope: material
conditions:
grade: R58150 (ASTM F2066 alloy)
basis: minimum printed for 0 to 30 degrees C; the page gives no condition
method: Minimum printed in the Mechanical Properties (0-30 °C) table on the database page for ASTM F2066 R58150
status: ground
source: totalmateria-f2066
where: Mechanical Properties (0-30 °C) table, Tensile strength row, 690 MPa minimum
- benchmark: yield_strength
label: Yield strength minimum (Rp0.2), ASTM F2066 standard data
value: 483
bound: lower
unit: MPa
scope: material
conditions:
grade: R58150 (ASTM F2066 alloy)
basis: minimum printed for 0 to 30 degrees C; the page gives no condition
method: Minimum printed in the Mechanical Properties (0-30 °C) table on the database page for ASTM F2066 R58150
status: ground
source: totalmateria-f2066
where: Mechanical Properties (0-30 °C) table, Yield strength Rp0.2 row, 483 MPa minimum
- benchmark: elongation
label: Elongation minimum, ASTM F2066 standard data
value: 10
bound: lower
unit: '%'
scope: material
conditions:
grade: R58150 (ASTM F2066 alloy)
basis: minimum printed for 0 to 30 degrees C; differs from the 20 % beta-annealed minimum on the ATI data sheet, and both are kept
method: Minimum printed in the Mechanical Properties (0-30 °C) table on the database page for ASTM F2066 R58150
status: ground
source: totalmateria-f2066
where: Mechanical Properties (0-30 °C) table, Elongation A row, 10 % minimum
- benchmark: ultimate_tensile_strength
label: Tensile strength, alpha plus beta initial state before processing
value: 1017
uncertainty: ± 10 MPa
unit: MPa
scope: material
conditions:
grade: Ti-15Mo (ASTM F2066), research material
condition: alpha plus beta initial state, before ECAP-Conform and drawing
basis: printed as 1017 ± 10 MPa
method: Measured tensile result in a 2022 open-access paper on Ti-15Mo; a research material, not a commercial product grade
status: ground
source: pmc-ti15mo
where: Mechanical Properties of the Alloy after ECAP-C and Drawing, results text; Table 2, alpha plus beta initial state row
- benchmark: elongation
label: Fracture elongation, alpha plus beta initial state
value: 24
unit: '%'
scope: material
conditions:
grade: Ti-15Mo (ASTM F2066), research material
condition: alpha plus beta initial state, before ECAP-Conform and drawing
method: Measured elongation in a 2022 open-access paper on Ti-15Mo; a research material, not a commercial product grade
status: ground
source: pmc-ti15mo
where: Table 2, alpha plus beta initial state row, delta column
- benchmark: fatigue_strength
label: Fatigue limit, alpha plus beta initial state
value: 500
unit: MPa
scope: material
conditions:
grade: Ti-15Mo (ASTM F2066), research material
condition: alpha plus beta initial state
test: tension-compression fatigue, 10 million cycles (table header N = 10 7)
method: Measured fatigue limit in a 2022 open-access paper on Ti-15Mo; a research material, not a commercial product grade
status: ground
source: pmc-ti15mo
where: Table 2, alpha plus beta initial state row, sigma -1 column; results text
- benchmark: ultimate_tensile_strength
label: Tensile strength after ECAP-Conform, drawing and annealing
value: 1590
uncertainty: ± 30 MPa
unit: MPa
scope: material
conditions:
grade: Ti-15Mo (ASTM F2066), research material
condition: ultrafine-grained, ECAP-Conform and drawing, then annealed at 200 °C for 1 h
basis: printed as sigma uts = 1590 ± 30 MPa
method: Measured tensile result in a 2022 open-access paper on Ti-15Mo; a research material, not a commercial product grade
status: ground
source: pmc-ti15mo
where: Results text after drawing and annealing; abstract, sigma uts = 1590 MPa
- benchmark: fatigue_strength
label: Fatigue limit after ECAP-Conform, drawing and annealing
value: 710
uncertainty: ± 10 MPa
unit: MPa
scope: material
conditions:
grade: Ti-15Mo (ASTM F2066), research material
condition: ultrafine-grained, ECAP-Conform and drawing, then annealed at 200 °C for 1 h
test: tension-compression fatigue, 10 million cycles (table header N = 10 7)
method: Measured fatigue limit in a 2022 open-access paper on Ti-15Mo; a research material, not a commercial product grade
status: ground
source: pmc-ti15mo
where: Results text, fatigue paragraph; Table 2, ultrafine-grained row
- benchmark: elongation
label: Fracture elongation after ECAP-Conform, drawing and annealing
value: 10
unit: '%'
scope: material
conditions:
grade: Ti-15Mo (ASTM F2066), research material
condition: ultrafine-grained, ECAP-Conform and drawing, then annealed at 200 °C for 1 h
basis: printed as delta = 10%
method: Measured elongation in a 2022 open-access paper on Ti-15Mo; a research material, not a commercial product grade
status: ground
source: pmc-ti15mo
where: Abstract, sigma uts = 1590 MPa, delta = 10%
- benchmark: elastic_modulus
label: Elastic modulus range, Ti-15Mo review
value: 60
value_high: 80
bound: range
unit: GPa
scope: material
conditions:
grade: Ti-15Mo (general, as the review states it)
basis: range printed in the review; no processing condition given
method: Range stated in a 2026 review of Ti-15Mo fabrication, properties and applications
status: ground
source: colsurfb-review
where: Abstract, elastic modulus statement, 60-80 GPa
- benchmark: ultimate_tensile_strength
label: Tensile strength, Ti-15Mo review
value: 900
unit: MPa
scope: material
conditions:
grade: Ti-15Mo (general, as the review states it)
basis: approximate, printed as ∼900 MPa; no processing condition given
method: Approximate value stated in a 2026 review of Ti-15Mo fabrication, properties and applications
status: ground
source: colsurfb-review
where: Abstract, tensile strength statement, about 900 MPa
corrosion:
- environment: Phosphate buffered saline solution
headline: ATI reports better corrosion resistance in phosphate buffered saline than Ti-6Al-4V ELI and Ti-6Al-7Nb.
effect: ATI states that ATI 15Mo alloys and ATI CP titanium exhibit better corrosion resistance in phosphate buffered saline solutions than ATI Ti-6Al-4V ELI and ATI Ti-6Al-7Nb. The data sheet gives no corrosion rate or test duration.
rating: low
conditions:
basis: qualitative comparison in the manufacturer data sheet; no measured rate printed
source: ati-datasheet
where: CORROSION RESISTANCE AND BIOCOMPATIBILITY section, first paragraph
- environment: Anodic polarization test in a corrosive test environment
headline: Anodic polarization ranks ATI 15Mo above CP Ti-4, Ti-6Al-4V ELI and Ti-6Al-7Nb in one test.
effect: ATI says anodic polarization measurements show that ATI 15Mo performs better in a test corrosive environment than ATI Ti CP-4, ATI Ti-6Al-4V ELI and ATI Ti-6Al-7Nb. The environment is not named on the data sheet.
rating: low
conditions:
basis: manufacturer statement; environment and test details not printed
source: ati-datasheet
where: CORROSION RESISTANCE AND BIOCOMPATIBILITY section, final sentence
- environment: Stress corrosion cracking test at a medical centre
headline: No stress corrosion cracking was seen under the conditions tested.
effect: ATI reports that ATI 15Mo alloys, in both the beta and alpha plus beta annealed conditions, are not susceptible to stress corrosion cracking under the conditions tested at the University of Mississippi Medical Center.
rating: none
conditions:
basis: only the conditions tested at the medical centre; those conditions are not printed on the data sheet
source: ati-datasheet
where: STRESS CORROSION CRACKING (SCC) RESISTANCE section
- environment: Corrosion fatigue in Ringer's solution at 37 °C
headline: Notched fatigue run-out falls to 250 to 300 MPa in Ringer's solution, against 800 MPa for smooth specimens.
effect: ATI reports that the micrograined alpha plus beta aged alloy had a smooth-specimen fatigue run-out limit of 800 MPa in Ringer's solution and a notched run-out limit between 250 MPa and 300 MPa in the same solution.
rating: moderate
conditions:
environment: aerated Ringer's solution, 37 °C
test: tension-tension, R = 0.053, following ASTM F1801
source: ati-datasheet
where: Micrograined ATI 15Mo alloy stress corrosion cracking and fatigue strength section
risks:
hazards:
- text: PubChem's titanium record (CID 23963) lists H228 Flammable solid, H250 Catches fire spontaneously if exposed to air, and H251 Self-heating; may catch fire, from the NITE-CMC entry. The ECHA entry reads Not Classified. These codes describe the element titanium, not Ti-15Mo, and no safety data sheet for Ti-15Mo was read.
ghs:
- 'H228: Flammable solid'
- 'H250: Catches fire spontaneously if exposed to air'
- 'H251: Self-heating; may catch fire'
source: pubchem-ti
where: Safety and Hazards, GHS Classification (NITE-CMC and ECHA C&L entries, compound 23963)
- text: No hazard classification or hazard statement for bulk Ti-15Mo was found in the manufacturer data sheet read for this profile; the data sheet contains no hazard section.
ghs: []
source: ati-datasheet
where: Whole document read; no hazard or safety section printed
failure_risks:
- mode: Embrittling omega phase after heat treatment
trigger: Cooling from temperatures near or above the beta transus, which ATI prints as 774 °C
consequence: The embrittling omega phase forms during cooling. ATI says rapid cooling (beta annealed) or slow cooling (alpha plus beta) is needed to avoid it.
severity: moderate
source: ati-datasheet
where: HEAT TREATMENT section, paragraph on the omega phase
- mode: Stress-induced omega phase
trigger: Deformation of a solution-treated metastable beta alloy
consequence: The 2022 paper states that stress-induced omega phase precipitates embrittle the alloy, which is why the processing route matters for this material.
severity: moderate
source: pmc-ti15mo
where: Introduction, paragraph on severe plastic deformation of metastable beta alloys
- mode: Notched fatigue
trigger: Cyclic load on a notched part in Ringer's solution at 37 °C
consequence: Notched run-out limit of 250 to 300 MPa, against 800 MPa for a smooth specimen in the same solution, per ATI.
severity: moderate
source: ati-datasheet
where: Micrograined ATI 15Mo alloy stress corrosion cracking and fatigue strength section
- mode: Loss of ductility from interstitial pick-up
trigger: Improper pickling, or pick-up of hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen or carbon during forging, heat treating, grinding or machining
consequence: ATI says the reduction in ductility can adversely affect notch sensitivity and forming characteristics.
severity: moderate
source: ati-datasheet
where: SPECIAL PRECAUTIONS section
side_effects: []
handling:
- text: Anneal at 1,475 to 1,800 °F (802 to 982 °C) for 0.5 to 1 hour. Beta annealed material is rapidly quenched to below 1,025 °F (552 °C); alpha plus beta material is slow cooled to below 1,025 °F (552 °C).
source: ati-datasheet
where: HEAT TREATMENT section, Beta Annealed and alpha plus beta anneal steps
- text: Age the alpha plus beta condition at 1,000 to 1,200 °F (538 to 649 °C) for more than 4 hours, then air cool. ATI says other ageing routes for the micrograined condition need to be agreed with ATI.
source: ati-datasheet
where: HEAT TREATMENT section, below the beta transus anneal step, and the micrograined note
- text: Forge above the beta transus from above 1,500 °F (816 °C), or below it from 1,200 to 1,375 °F (649 to 746 °C). An immediate water quench limits omega phase in thin sections.
source: ati-datasheet
where: FORGEABILITY/FORMABILITY section
- text: Machine with new, sharp tools at higher feed rates and lower speeds, with large amounts of non-chlorinated cutting fluid. Avoid hydrogen, oxygen and nitrogen pick-up at exposed surfaces during machining, cutting or grinding.
source: ati-datasheet
where: MACHINABILITY section
mitigations:
- text: Quench the beta annealed condition rapidly, or cool the alpha plus beta condition slowly, to avoid omega embrittlement.
source: ati-datasheet
where: HEAT TREATMENT section, final sentence
uses:
- application: structures
device: Orthopedic, trauma and spinal implants
example: ATI says the alloy is manufactured as bar, rod and wire primarily for orthopedic, trauma and spinal applications.
source: ati-datasheet
where: INTRODUCTION section
- application: structures
device: Dental, orthodontic and cardiovascular implants
example: ATI lists dental, orthodontic and cardiovascular applications for the same product forms.
source: ati-datasheet
where: INTRODUCTION section
supply:
- subject: Titanium sponge (feedstock for titanium alloys such as Ti-15Mo)
abundance: Not read in this run
producers:
- country: China
share_percent: 70.3
year: 2025
- country: Japan
share_percent: 14.3
year: 2025
- country: Russia
share_percent: 6.8
year: 2025
- country: Kazakhstan
share_percent: 4.3
year: 2025
- country: Saudi Arabia
share_percent: 3.2
year: 2025
source: usgs-ti-2026
where: World Sponge Metal Production table, 2025 column; shares computed from 260,000 t of 370,000 t (China) and the other printed country values, rounded world total
- subject: Molybdenum (alloying element, 14 to 16 % of Ti-15Mo)
producers:
- country: China
share_percent: 37.3
year: 2025
- country: Chile
share_percent: 16.2
year: 2025
- country: United States
share_percent: 15.4
year: 2025
- country: Peru
share_percent: 15
year: 2025
- country: Mexico
share_percent: 6.5
year: 2025
source: usgs-mo-2026
where: World Mine Production and Reserves table, 2025e column; shares computed from 97,000 t of 260,000 t (China) and the other printed country values, rounded world total
media: []
documents:
- title: ATI 15Mo Titanium Alloy technical data sheet, Version 2 (4/23/2014)
type: datasheet
url: https://www.atimaterials.com/Products/Documents/datasheets/titanium/alloyed/ati_15Mo_Titanium_Alloy_en_v4%20final.pdf
year: 2014
- title: ATI 15Mo product page
type: datasheet
url: https://www.atimaterials.com/products/pages/ati-ti-15mo.aspx
- title: 'Bibus Metals: Titanium Ti-15Mo (UNS R58150, ASTM F 2066)'
type: datasheet
url: https://metals.bibus.com/ch-en/products/itm/titanium-ti-15Mo/
- title: 'totalmateria: ASTM F2066 R58150 titanium alloy data (Japanese)'
type: database
url: https://www.totalmateria.com/ja/material/3247380
- title: Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of Ti-15Mo Alloy Produced by Combined Processing including ECAP-Conform and Drawing (Materials, 2022, open access)
type: paper
url: https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9738178/
year: 2022
- title: Fabrication processes, properties, and applications of Ti-15Mo alloy (Colloids and Surfaces B, review, 2026)
type: paper
url: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41218301/
year: 2026
- title: 'PubChem: titanium (CID 23963), GHS classification'
type: database
url: https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/23963
- title: 'USGS Mineral Commodity Summaries 2026: Titanium and Titanium Dioxide'
type: report
url: https://pubs.usgs.gov/periodicals/mcs2026/mcs2026-titanium.pdf
year: 2026
- title: 'USGS Mineral Commodity Summaries 2026: Molybdenum'
type: report
url: https://pubs.usgs.gov/periodicals/mcs2026/mcs2026-molybdenum.pdf
year: 2026
gaps:
- No flight, vacuum, outgassing, radiation or atomic-oxygen result for Ti-15Mo was found. A search of spacecraft and aerospace use returned no source for the alloy itself, so the profile has no space application entry.
- No EN, AMS, DIN or JIS designation for UNS R58150 was printed on any page read. Only UNS R58150, ASTM F 2066 and the ATI 15Mo trade name are listed.
- The ATI product page composition table is ambiguous in the extracted text, so composition is taken from the Bibus page (Mo 14 to 16 %, maximum values for the other elements), and the 15 % nominal figure from the ATI reference title.
- The ATI datasheet is Version 2 dated 4/23/2014 and says its data are typical. The current ASTM F 2066 standard (the totalmateria page names a 2023 revision) and any later ATI revision were not read.
- No seawater, body-fluid or long-term corrosion rate for Ti-15Mo was found. Corrosion entries are qualitative statements from the manufacturer or numbers from fatigue tests in Ringer's solution.
- Thermal conductivity, specific heat, thermal expansion, Poisson's ratio, creep and radiation tolerance for Ti-15Mo were not found in the sources read.
- Titanium and molybdenum shares are computed from USGS 2025 production tables. The crustal abundance of titanium and the USGS critical-mineral status of titanium were not read in this run.
- No Ti-15Mo safety data sheet was read. The hazard entry uses the PubChem titanium record, which describes the element, not this alloy.
- The 2022 paper's tensile and fatigue values come from ECAP-Conform and drawing processing on a research material, not a commercial grade. They are kept only with that condition printed.
- Property names beta_transus and hardness are not in spores/property-canon.yaml, so they are used as short snake_case names.
story:
recipe:
line: Ti-15Mo is a titanium alloy with about 15 percent molybdenum by weight. Bibus prints 14 to 16 percent Mo, and the ATI reference title reads Titanium-15% Molybdenum. ATI melts it in a plasma arc furnace and re-melts it in a vacuum arc (VAR) furnace to limit molybdenum segregation. Iron, carbon, oxygen, nitrogen and hydrogen are kept as low maximum impurities in the Bibus specification.
parts:
- name: Titanium
symbol: Ti
share_note: balance
role: The matrix metal. Titanium with the molybdenum forms the metastable body-centred cubic beta phase when quenched from the solution treatment.
source: bibus-ti15mo
where: Chemical composition table, Ti row, Balance
- name: Molybdenum
symbol: Mo
share_percent: 14
share_high: 16
role: Beta stabiliser. It keeps the beta phase when the alloy is quenched, which makes the alloy metastable.
source: bibus-ti15mo
where: Chemical composition table, Mo row
risk_groups:
- title: For people
level: 0
verdict: No hazard class found for the bulk alloy
lead: No safety data sheet for Ti-15Mo was read. The hazard codes available describe the element titanium, not this alloy.
points:
- label: The alloy
line: PubChem's titanium record lists H228, H250 and H251 from one notification, and Not Classified from the ECHA entry. Those codes describe titanium as a substance, not the bulk Ti-15Mo bar.
- label: Machining
line: ATI advises irrigating the tooling and workpiece with large amounts of non-chlorinated cutting fluid.
- title: If the part overheats in processing
lead: These results come from the manufacturer and from a 2022 paper on the same alloy, not from field incidents.
points:
- label: Omega phase
line: The embrittling omega phase forms on cooling from near or above the beta transus, which ATI prints as 774 °C. Rapid cooling or slow cooling is used to avoid it, depending on the condition.
- label: Stress-induced omega
line: The 2022 paper states that stress-induced omega phase precipitates embrittle the alloy when it is deformed after solution treatment.
- title: Handling and storage
verdict: Keep out hydrogen, oxygen and nitrogen
points:
- label: Pick-up
line: ATI warns to avoid hydrogen, oxygen and nitrogen pick-up at exposed surfaces during machining, cutting and grinding, and during improper pickling.
- label: Heat treatment
line: Anneal at 1,475 to 1,800 °F (802 to 982 °C) for 0.5 to 1 hour, then quench or slow cool depending on the condition, as ATI sets out.
why: Ti-15Mo is a metastable beta titanium alloy, specified as UNS R58150 under ASTM F 2066. Metastable means it has enough molybdenum to keep the body-centred cubic beta phase when quenched from high temperature. ATI says its elastic modulus is about two-thirds that of ATI Ti-6Al-4V, and that its ductility and corrosion fatigue properties are better in the beta annealed condition. The alloy is made as bar, rod and wire for orthopedic, trauma, spinal, dental, orthodontic and cardiovascular applications. The sources read for this profile report no space or aerospace use of the alloy itself.
uses:
- where: Orthopedic, trauma and spinal implants
line: ATI's data sheet says the alloy is manufactured as bar, rod and wire primarily for orthopedic, trauma and spinal applications.
- where: Dental, orthodontic and cardiovascular implants
line: The same data sheet lists dental, orthodontic and cardiovascular applications for those product forms.
- where: Space and aerospace
line: No space or aerospace part made from Ti-15Mo was found in the sources read. The USGS says most titanium metal goes to aerospace, but that statement covers titanium metal as a whole.
can_do:
- label: Stiffness
benchmark: elastic_modulus
value: 78 GPa (beta annealed)
line: ATI gives an elastic modulus of 78 GPa for the beta annealed condition, 106 GPa for alpha plus beta annealed, and 114 GPa for micrograined alpha plus beta aged. The beta annealed value is about two-thirds of the modulus of ATI Ti-6Al-4V, as the data sheet states.
- label: Strength
benchmark: ultimate_tensile_strength
value: 690 MPa minimum (beta annealed)
line: ATI's ASTM F 2066 minimum tensile strength is 690 MPa for the beta annealed condition and 1150 MPa for alpha plus beta annealed and aged. A 2022 paper reached 1590 MPa with ultrafine-grained processing, a research condition and not a commercial grade.
- label: Ductility
benchmark: elongation
value: 20 % minimum (beta annealed)
line: The beta annealed condition has a 20 % minimum elongation in ATI's specification table, against 10 % for the alpha plus beta conditions. The totalmateria database page prints a standard minimum of 10 %, so the two sources are shown side by side.
- label: Fatigue
benchmark: fatigue_strength
value: 800 MPa smooth, 250 to 300 MPa notched (Ringer's)
line: In Ringer's solution at 37 °C, ATI reports a smooth-specimen fatigue run-out limit of 800 MPa and a notched run-out limit of 250 to 300 MPa for the micrograined alpha plus beta aged alloy.
compare: 'Ti-15Mo is a low-stiffness titanium alloy. Its beta annealed modulus of 78 GPa is below the 106 and 114 GPa of ATI''s other two conditions, and below the 80 to 130 GPa range printed on the database page for the standard. The ATI data sheet compares it with ATI Ti-6Al-4V and ATI Ti-6Al-7Nb: the beta annealed modulus is about two-thirds of Ti-6Al-4V, and the data sheet says ATI 15Mo has better ductility and superior notch sensitivity resistance than the alpha-beta alloys it names. No space or flight comparison was found, so the table compares the alloy only on its own properties.'
compare_rows:
- label: Stiffness (elastic modulus
beta annealed): null
benchmark: elastic_modulus
- label: Density
benchmark: density
- label: Tensile strength (ASTM F 2066 minimum
beta annealed): null
benchmark: ultimate_tensile_strength
handling:
- Anneal at 1,475 to 1,800 °F (802 to 982 °C) for 0.5 to 1 hour, then quench (beta annealed) or slow cool (alpha plus beta), per ATI.
- Age the alpha plus beta condition at 1,000 to 1,200 °F (538 to 649 °C) for more than 4 hours, then air cool, per ATI.
- Avoid hydrogen, oxygen and nitrogen pick-up during pickling, forging, heat treating, grinding and machining.
- Expect springback in forming and machining in the beta annealed condition, because of its low modulus and high ductility.
good_for:
- 'Low stiffness: 78 GPa in the beta annealed condition, against 106 and 114 GPa for the other two ATI conditions.'
- 'High strength after ageing: at least 1150 MPa tensile in the alpha plus beta annealed and aged condition, per ATI.'
watch_out:
- Omega-phase embrittlement during cooling, so the heat treatment route must match the condition.
- 'Notched fatigue: run-out of 250 to 300 MPa in Ringer''s solution, against 800 MPa for smooth specimens.'
- The strength values are from a 2014 manufacturer data sheet and a standard page; the current ASTM F 2066 revision was not read.
- No flight, vacuum or radiation data were found for this alloy.
verdict: Ti-15Mo is a low-stiffness beta titanium alloy with good ductility in the beta annealed condition and high strength after ageing. The sources read for this profile give terrestrial data only, so flight suitability is not established.
updated: '2026-11-01'
review:
status: draft
method: assistant
checked_values: 33
unreachable: 0
caveats: 2
note: 'Written by an AI assistant on 2026-11-01 from pages fetched in this run: the ATI data sheet, the ATI product page, Bibus, totalmateria, the 2022 Materials paper (PMC copy), the 2026 review, PubChem and the USGS 2026 summaries.'
sources:
ati-datasheet:
title: ATI 15Mo Titanium Alloy Technical Data Sheet, Version 2 (4/23/2014)
id: ATI 15Mo (UNS R58150)
url: https://www.atimaterials.com/Products/Documents/datasheets/titanium/alloyed/ati_15Mo_Titanium_Alloy_en_v4%20final.pdf
year: 2014
kind: datasheet
license: ATI data sheet, cited not reproduced
ati-web:
title: ATI 15Mo product page
id: ATI 15Mo (UNS R58150)
url: https://www.atimaterials.com/products/pages/ati-ti-15mo.aspx
kind: datasheet
license: ATI web page, cited not reproduced
bibus-ti15mo:
title: 'Bibus Metals: Titanium Ti-15Mo, chemical composition, density and designations'
id: UNS R58150, ASTM F 2066
url: https://metals.bibus.com/ch-en/products/itm/titanium-ti-15Mo/
kind: datasheet
license: Bibus product page, cited not reproduced
totalmateria-f2066:
title: 'totalmateria: ASTM F2066 R58150 (titanium alloy), physical and mechanical property tables (Japanese)'
id: ASTM F2066 R58150
url: https://www.totalmateria.com/ja/material/3247380
kind: database
license: totalmateria, cited not reproduced
pmc-ti15mo:
title: Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of beta-Titanium Ti-15Mo Alloy Produced by Combined Processing including ECAP-Conform and Drawing
id: doi:10.3390/ma15238666 (Materials 15(23), 8666; PMC9738178)
url: https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9738178/
year: 2022
kind: paper
license: CC BY (open access, as listed by PMC)
colsurfb-review:
title: Fabrication processes, properties, and applications of Ti-15Mo alloy
id: doi:10.1016/j.colsurfb.2025.115256 (PMID 41218301)
url: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41218301/
year: 2026
kind: paper
license: PubMed record, cited not reproduced
pubchem-ti:
title: 'PubChem: titanium (CID 23963), GHS classification from NITE-CMC and ECHA C&L'
id: CID 23963
url: https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/23963
kind: database
license: PubChem, public domain record
usgs-ti-2026:
title: 'USGS Mineral Commodity Summaries 2026: Titanium and Titanium Dioxide'
id: USGS MCS 2026
url: https://pubs.usgs.gov/periodicals/mcs2026/mcs2026-titanium.pdf
year: 2026
kind: report
license: US Government work, public domain
usgs-mo-2026:
title: 'USGS Mineral Commodity Summaries 2026: Molybdenum'
id: USGS MCS 2026
url: https://pubs.usgs.gov/periodicals/mcs2026/mcs2026-molybdenum.pdf
year: 2026
kind: report
license: US Government work, public domain
license: CC-BY-4.0
References
Every number above carries a reference number. Click one to see the source and where in it the value comes from.
| # | Source | Type | Year | Used for |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| ATI 15Mo Titanium Alloy Technical Data Sheet, Version 2 (4/23/2014) | datasheet | 2014 | 33 values | |
| ATI 15Mo product page | datasheet | 4 values | ||
| Bibus Metals: Titanium Ti-15Mo, chemical composition, density and designations | datasheet | 0 values | ||
| totalmateria: ASTM F2066 R58150 (titanium alloy), physical and mechanical property tables (Japanese) | database | 4 values | ||
| Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of beta-Titanium Ti-15Mo Alloy Produced by Combined Processing including ECAP-Conform and Drawing | paper | 2022 | 7 values | |
| Fabrication processes, properties, and applications of Ti-15Mo alloy | paper | 2026 | 2 values | |
| PubChem: titanium (CID 23963), GHS classification from NITE-CMC and ECHA C&L | database | 1 value | ||
| USGS Mineral Commodity Summaries 2026: Titanium and Titanium Dioxide | report | 2026 | 1 value | |
| USGS Mineral Commodity Summaries 2026: Molybdenum | report | 2026 | 1 value |
Updated