spore: profile
id: titanium-15mo
spore_version: '0.2'
family: titanium-alloys
name: Ti-15Mo (UNS R58150, ASTM F2066 beta titanium)
abbreviation: Ti-15Mo
role: structural alloy
category: metals
type: titanium
summary: |
  Ti-15Mo is a metastable beta titanium alloy with about 15% molybdenum, sold as UNS R58150 and specified under ASTM F 2066 for surgical implants. ATI gives an elastic modulus of 78 GPa for the beta-annealed condition and a minimum tensile strength of 1150 MPa after alpha plus beta annealing and ageing. The sources read for this profile contain no flight, vacuum or space test of the alloy.
best_for: Implant-type parts that need low stiffness and good ductility in the beta-annealed condition (ATI 15Mo data sheet)
weakest_at: Heat treatment control, since omega-phase embrittlement must be avoided, and notched fatigue (run-out of 250 to 300 MPa in Ringer's solution)
identity:
  formula: Ti-15Mo, titanium with about 15% molybdenum (metastable beta alloy)
  crystal_system: Body-centred cubic beta phase, metastable (ATI datasheet)
  source: ati-datasheet
  where: Metallurgical conditions section (beta phase, bcc); reference 1 title 'Wrought Titanium-15% Molybdenum Implant Material'
  designations:
    - system: UNS
      code: R58150
      source: ati-datasheet
      where: Opening paragraph, 'ATI 15Mo Alloys (UNS R58150)'
    - system: ASTM
      code: F 2066
      source: ati-datasheet
      where: SPECIFICATIONS, 'ASTM F 2066 - Bar, Rod, Sheet, and Wire'
    - system: Trade name
      code: ATI 15Mo
      source: ati-datasheet
      where: Title block, 'ATI 15Mo Titanium Alloy'
tags:
  environments: []
  stresses: []
  applications:
    - structures
properties:
  - benchmark: density
    label: Density, ATI 15Mo
    value: 4.95
    unit: g/cm3
    scope: material
    conditions:
      grade: ATI 15Mo (UNS R58150)
      basis: printed as 4.95 gm/cc and 0.179 lbs/cu. in.; no temperature printed
      unit_in_source: gm/cc
    method: Printed value in the Physical Properties section of the ATI technical data sheet, Version 2 (2014)
    status: ground
    source: ati-datasheet
    where: PHYSICAL PROPERTIES, Density row
  - benchmark: beta_transus
    label: Beta transus, ATI 15Mo
    value: 774
    unit: °C
    scope: material
    conditions:
      grade: ATI 15Mo (UNS R58150)
      tolerance: ± 14 C° as printed
      printed_f: 1,425° F (± 25 F°)
    method: Printed value in the Physical Properties section of the ATI technical data sheet
    status: ground
    source: ati-datasheet
    where: PHYSICAL PROPERTIES, Beta Transus Temperature row
  - benchmark: melting_point
    label: Melting range, ATI 15Mo
    value: 1704
    value_high: 1760
    bound: range
    unit: °C
    scope: material
    conditions:
      grade: ATI 15Mo (UNS R58150)
      basis: range printed as 3,100 - 3,200° F (1,704 - 1,760° C)
    method: Range printed in the Physical Properties section of the ATI technical data sheet
    status: ground
    source: ati-datasheet
    where: PHYSICAL PROPERTIES, Melting Range row
  - benchmark: elastic_modulus
    label: Elastic modulus, beta annealed
    value: 78
    unit: GPa
    scope: material
    conditions:
      grade: ATI 15Mo (UNS R58150)
      condition: beta annealed
    method: Printed value in the Physical Properties section of the ATI technical data sheet
    status: ground
    source: ati-datasheet
    where: PHYSICAL PROPERTIES, Elastic Modulus, first line
  - benchmark: elastic_modulus
    label: Elastic modulus, alpha plus beta annealed
    value: 106
    unit: GPa
    scope: material
    conditions:
      grade: ATI 15Mo (UNS R58150)
      condition: alpha plus beta annealed
    method: Printed value in the Physical Properties section of the ATI technical data sheet
    status: ground
    source: ati-datasheet
    where: PHYSICAL PROPERTIES, Elastic Modulus, second line
  - benchmark: elastic_modulus
    label: Elastic modulus, micrograined alpha plus beta aged
    value: 114
    unit: GPa
    scope: material
    conditions:
      grade: ATI 15Mo (UNS R58150)
      condition: micrograined alpha plus beta aged
    method: Printed value in the Physical Properties section of the ATI technical data sheet
    status: ground
    source: ati-datasheet
    where: PHYSICAL PROPERTIES, Elastic Modulus, third line
  - benchmark: ultimate_tensile_strength
    label: Tensile strength minimum, ASTM F 2066 beta annealed
    value: 690
    bound: lower
    unit: MPa
    scope: material
    conditions:
      grade: ATI 15Mo (UNS R58150)
      condition: beta annealed
      thickness: up to 2.0 in, as printed
      basis: specification minimum; printed as 100 (690) ksi (MPa)
    method: Specification minimum printed in the SPECIFICATIONS table of the ATI data sheet
    status: ground
    source: ati-datasheet
    where: SPECIFICATIONS table, Beta row, UTS min
  - benchmark: yield_strength
    label: Yield strength minimum, ASTM F 2066 beta annealed
    value: 483
    bound: lower
    unit: MPa
    scope: material
    conditions:
      grade: ATI 15Mo (UNS R58150)
      condition: beta annealed
      basis: specification minimum; printed as 70 (483) ksi (MPa); offset not stated
    method: Specification minimum printed in the SPECIFICATIONS table of the ATI data sheet
    status: ground
    source: ati-datasheet
    where: SPECIFICATIONS table, Beta row, YS min
  - benchmark: elongation
    label: Elongation minimum, ASTM F 2066 beta annealed
    value: 20
    bound: lower
    unit: '%'
    scope: material
    conditions:
      grade: ATI 15Mo (UNS R58150)
      condition: beta annealed
      basis: specification minimum; reduction in area minimum 40 % printed beside it
    method: Specification minimum printed in the SPECIFICATIONS table of the ATI data sheet
    status: ground
    source: ati-datasheet
    where: SPECIFICATIONS table, Beta row, %El min
  - benchmark: ultimate_tensile_strength
    label: Tensile strength minimum, alpha plus beta annealed
    value: 900
    bound: lower
    unit: MPa
    scope: material
    conditions:
      grade: ATI 15Mo (UNS R58150)
      condition: alpha plus beta annealed
      basis: specification minimum; printed as 130.5 (900) ksi (MPa)
    method: Specification minimum printed in the SPECIFICATIONS table of the ATI data sheet
    status: ground
    source: ati-datasheet
    where: SPECIFICATIONS table, Alpha plus Beta row, UTS min
  - benchmark: yield_strength
    label: Yield strength minimum, alpha plus beta annealed
    value: 800
    bound: lower
    unit: MPa
    scope: material
    conditions:
      grade: ATI 15Mo (UNS R58150)
      condition: alpha plus beta annealed
      basis: specification minimum; printed as 116 (800) ksi (MPa)
    method: Specification minimum printed in the SPECIFICATIONS table of the ATI data sheet
    status: ground
    source: ati-datasheet
    where: SPECIFICATIONS table, Alpha plus Beta row, YS min
  - benchmark: elongation
    label: Elongation minimum, alpha plus beta annealed
    value: 10
    bound: lower
    unit: '%'
    scope: material
    conditions:
      grade: ATI 15Mo (UNS R58150)
      condition: alpha plus beta annealed
      basis: specification minimum
    method: Specification minimum printed in the SPECIFICATIONS table of the ATI data sheet
    status: ground
    source: ati-datasheet
    where: SPECIFICATIONS table, Alpha plus Beta row, %El min
  - benchmark: ultimate_tensile_strength
    label: Tensile strength minimum, alpha plus beta annealed and aged
    value: 1150
    bound: lower
    unit: MPa
    scope: material
    conditions:
      grade: ATI 15Mo (UNS R58150)
      condition: alpha plus beta annealed plus aged
      basis: specification minimum; printed as 166.75 (1150) ksi (MPa)
    method: Specification minimum printed in the SPECIFICATIONS table of the ATI data sheet
    status: ground
    source: ati-datasheet
    where: SPECIFICATIONS table, Alpha plus Beta + Aged row, UTS min
  - benchmark: yield_strength
    label: Yield strength minimum, alpha plus beta annealed and aged
    value: 1050
    bound: lower
    unit: MPa
    scope: material
    conditions:
      grade: ATI 15Mo (UNS R58150)
      condition: alpha plus beta annealed plus aged
      basis: specification minimum; printed as 152.25 (1050) ksi (MPa)
    method: Specification minimum printed in the SPECIFICATIONS table of the ATI data sheet
    status: ground
    source: ati-datasheet
    where: SPECIFICATIONS table, Alpha plus Beta + Aged row, YS min
  - benchmark: hardness
    label: Hardness, beta annealed
    value: 22
    value_high: 26
    bound: range
    unit: HRc
    scope: material
    conditions:
      grade: ATI 15Mo (UNS R58150)
      condition: beta annealed
    method: Range printed in the HARDNESS table of the ATI data sheet, under the HRc Range heading
    status: ground
    source: ati-datasheet
    where: HARDNESS table, Beta Annealed row
  - benchmark: fatigue_strength
    label: Smooth-specimen fatigue run-out limit in Ringer's solution
    value: 800
    unit: MPa
    scope: material
    conditions:
      grade: ATI 15Mo (UNS R58150)
      condition: 'micrograined alpha plus beta aged (ATI wording: ATI 15Mo alpha/beta alloy)'
      environment: Ringer's solution, 37 °C, aerated
      specimen: smooth
      test: tension-tension, R = 0.053, ASTM F1801 guidelines
    method: Run-out limit stated in the micrograined ATI 15Mo stress corrosion cracking and fatigue section of the ATI data sheet
    status: ground
    source: ati-datasheet
    where: Micrograined ATI 15Mo alloy stress corrosion cracking and fatigue strength section, second paragraph
  - benchmark: fatigue_strength
    label: Notched fatigue run-out limit in Ringer's solution
    value: 250
    value_high: 300
    bound: range
    unit: MPa
    scope: material
    conditions:
      grade: ATI 15Mo (UNS R58150)
      condition: 'micrograined alpha plus beta aged (ATI wording: ATI 15Mo alpha/beta alloy)'
      environment: Ringer's solution, 37 °C, aerated
      specimen: notched
      test: tension-tension, R = 0.053, ASTM F1801 guidelines
    method: Range stated in the micrograined ATI 15Mo stress corrosion cracking and fatigue section of the ATI data sheet
    status: ground
    source: ati-datasheet
    where: Micrograined ATI 15Mo alloy stress corrosion cracking and fatigue strength section, second paragraph, notched condition
  - benchmark: ultimate_tensile_strength
    label: Tensile strength minimum, bar in 1,475 °F anneal
    value: 793
    bound: lower
    unit: MPa
    scope: material
    conditions:
      grade: ATI 15Mo (bar and billet)
      condition: 1,475°F anneal, as printed
      basis: minimum; printed as 115 min ksi and 793 min MPa
    method: Minimum printed in the Tensile Strength section of the ATI 15Mo product page
    status: ground
    source: ati-web
    where: Tensile Strength section, MPa value
  - benchmark: yield_strength
    label: Yield strength minimum (0.2 %), bar in 1,475 °F anneal
    value: 655
    bound: lower
    unit: MPa
    scope: material
    conditions:
      grade: ATI 15Mo (bar and billet)
      condition: 1,475°F anneal, as printed
      offset: 0.2 %
      basis: minimum; printed as 95 min ksi and 655 min MPa
    method: Minimum printed in the Yield Strength section of the ATI 15Mo product page
    status: ground
    source: ati-web
    where: Yield Strength section, MPa value
  - benchmark: elongation
    label: Elongation minimum, bar in 1,475 °F anneal
    value: 22
    bound: lower
    unit: '%'
    scope: material
    conditions:
      grade: ATI 15Mo (bar and billet)
      condition: 1,475°F anneal, as printed
      basis: minimum
    method: Minimum printed in the Elongation section of the ATI 15Mo product page
    status: ground
    source: ati-web
    where: Elongation section, 22% min
  - benchmark: hardness
    label: Hardness maximum, bar in 1,475 °F anneal
    value: 24
    bound: upper
    unit: HRc
    scope: material
    conditions:
      grade: ATI 15Mo (bar and billet)
      condition: 1,475°F anneal, as printed
      basis: maximum
    method: Maximum printed in the Hardness section of the ATI 15Mo product page
    status: ground
    source: ati-web
    where: Hardness section, 24 HRC max
  - benchmark: elastic_modulus
    label: Elastic modulus range, ASTM F2066 standard data
    value: 80
    value_high: 130
    bound: range
    unit: GPa
    scope: material
    conditions:
      grade: R58150 (ASTM F2066 alloy)
      basis: range printed for 0 to 30 degrees C in the physical properties table; the standard data, not one condition
    method: Range printed in the Physical Properties table on a Japanese-language database page for ASTM F2066 R58150; that page calls it a 2023 revision of F2066
    status: ground
    source: totalmateria-f2066
    where: Physical Properties (0-30 °C) table, Elastic modulus row, 80 - 130 GPa
  - benchmark: ultimate_tensile_strength
    label: Tensile strength minimum, ASTM F2066 standard data
    value: 690
    bound: lower
    unit: MPa
    scope: material
    conditions:
      grade: R58150 (ASTM F2066 alloy)
      basis: minimum printed for 0 to 30 degrees C; the page gives no condition
    method: Minimum printed in the Mechanical Properties (0-30 °C) table on the database page for ASTM F2066 R58150
    status: ground
    source: totalmateria-f2066
    where: Mechanical Properties (0-30 °C) table, Tensile strength row, 690 MPa minimum
  - benchmark: yield_strength
    label: Yield strength minimum (Rp0.2), ASTM F2066 standard data
    value: 483
    bound: lower
    unit: MPa
    scope: material
    conditions:
      grade: R58150 (ASTM F2066 alloy)
      basis: minimum printed for 0 to 30 degrees C; the page gives no condition
    method: Minimum printed in the Mechanical Properties (0-30 °C) table on the database page for ASTM F2066 R58150
    status: ground
    source: totalmateria-f2066
    where: Mechanical Properties (0-30 °C) table, Yield strength Rp0.2 row, 483 MPa minimum
  - benchmark: elongation
    label: Elongation minimum, ASTM F2066 standard data
    value: 10
    bound: lower
    unit: '%'
    scope: material
    conditions:
      grade: R58150 (ASTM F2066 alloy)
      basis: minimum printed for 0 to 30 degrees C; differs from the 20 % beta-annealed minimum on the ATI data sheet, and both are kept
    method: Minimum printed in the Mechanical Properties (0-30 °C) table on the database page for ASTM F2066 R58150
    status: ground
    source: totalmateria-f2066
    where: Mechanical Properties (0-30 °C) table, Elongation A row, 10 % minimum
  - benchmark: ultimate_tensile_strength
    label: Tensile strength, alpha plus beta initial state before processing
    value: 1017
    uncertainty: ± 10 MPa
    unit: MPa
    scope: material
    conditions:
      grade: Ti-15Mo (ASTM F2066), research material
      condition: alpha plus beta initial state, before ECAP-Conform and drawing
      basis: printed as 1017 ± 10 MPa
    method: Measured tensile result in a 2022 open-access paper on Ti-15Mo; a research material, not a commercial product grade
    status: ground
    source: pmc-ti15mo
    where: Mechanical Properties of the Alloy after ECAP-C and Drawing, results text; Table 2, alpha plus beta initial state row
  - benchmark: elongation
    label: Fracture elongation, alpha plus beta initial state
    value: 24
    unit: '%'
    scope: material
    conditions:
      grade: Ti-15Mo (ASTM F2066), research material
      condition: alpha plus beta initial state, before ECAP-Conform and drawing
    method: Measured elongation in a 2022 open-access paper on Ti-15Mo; a research material, not a commercial product grade
    status: ground
    source: pmc-ti15mo
    where: Table 2, alpha plus beta initial state row, delta column
  - benchmark: fatigue_strength
    label: Fatigue limit, alpha plus beta initial state
    value: 500
    unit: MPa
    scope: material
    conditions:
      grade: Ti-15Mo (ASTM F2066), research material
      condition: alpha plus beta initial state
      test: tension-compression fatigue, 10 million cycles (table header N = 10 7)
    method: Measured fatigue limit in a 2022 open-access paper on Ti-15Mo; a research material, not a commercial product grade
    status: ground
    source: pmc-ti15mo
    where: Table 2, alpha plus beta initial state row, sigma -1 column; results text
  - benchmark: ultimate_tensile_strength
    label: Tensile strength after ECAP-Conform, drawing and annealing
    value: 1590
    uncertainty: ± 30 MPa
    unit: MPa
    scope: material
    conditions:
      grade: Ti-15Mo (ASTM F2066), research material
      condition: ultrafine-grained, ECAP-Conform and drawing, then annealed at 200 °C for 1 h
      basis: printed as sigma uts = 1590 ± 30 MPa
    method: Measured tensile result in a 2022 open-access paper on Ti-15Mo; a research material, not a commercial product grade
    status: ground
    source: pmc-ti15mo
    where: Results text after drawing and annealing; abstract, sigma uts = 1590 MPa
  - benchmark: fatigue_strength
    label: Fatigue limit after ECAP-Conform, drawing and annealing
    value: 710
    uncertainty: ± 10 MPa
    unit: MPa
    scope: material
    conditions:
      grade: Ti-15Mo (ASTM F2066), research material
      condition: ultrafine-grained, ECAP-Conform and drawing, then annealed at 200 °C for 1 h
      test: tension-compression fatigue, 10 million cycles (table header N = 10 7)
    method: Measured fatigue limit in a 2022 open-access paper on Ti-15Mo; a research material, not a commercial product grade
    status: ground
    source: pmc-ti15mo
    where: Results text, fatigue paragraph; Table 2, ultrafine-grained row
  - benchmark: elongation
    label: Fracture elongation after ECAP-Conform, drawing and annealing
    value: 10
    unit: '%'
    scope: material
    conditions:
      grade: Ti-15Mo (ASTM F2066), research material
      condition: ultrafine-grained, ECAP-Conform and drawing, then annealed at 200 °C for 1 h
      basis: printed as delta = 10%
    method: Measured elongation in a 2022 open-access paper on Ti-15Mo; a research material, not a commercial product grade
    status: ground
    source: pmc-ti15mo
    where: Abstract, sigma uts = 1590 MPa, delta = 10%
  - benchmark: elastic_modulus
    label: Elastic modulus range, Ti-15Mo review
    value: 60
    value_high: 80
    bound: range
    unit: GPa
    scope: material
    conditions:
      grade: Ti-15Mo (general, as the review states it)
      basis: range printed in the review; no processing condition given
    method: Range stated in a 2026 review of Ti-15Mo fabrication, properties and applications
    status: ground
    source: colsurfb-review
    where: Abstract, elastic modulus statement, 60-80 GPa
  - benchmark: ultimate_tensile_strength
    label: Tensile strength, Ti-15Mo review
    value: 900
    unit: MPa
    scope: material
    conditions:
      grade: Ti-15Mo (general, as the review states it)
      basis: approximate, printed as ∼900 MPa; no processing condition given
    method: Approximate value stated in a 2026 review of Ti-15Mo fabrication, properties and applications
    status: ground
    source: colsurfb-review
    where: Abstract, tensile strength statement, about 900 MPa
corrosion:
  - environment: Phosphate buffered saline solution
    headline: ATI reports better corrosion resistance in phosphate buffered saline than Ti-6Al-4V ELI and Ti-6Al-7Nb.
    effect: ATI states that ATI 15Mo alloys and ATI CP titanium exhibit better corrosion resistance in phosphate buffered saline solutions than ATI Ti-6Al-4V ELI and ATI Ti-6Al-7Nb. The data sheet gives no corrosion rate or test duration.
    rating: low
    conditions:
      basis: qualitative comparison in the manufacturer data sheet; no measured rate printed
    source: ati-datasheet
    where: CORROSION RESISTANCE AND BIOCOMPATIBILITY section, first paragraph
  - environment: Anodic polarization test in a corrosive test environment
    headline: Anodic polarization ranks ATI 15Mo above CP Ti-4, Ti-6Al-4V ELI and Ti-6Al-7Nb in one test.
    effect: ATI says anodic polarization measurements show that ATI 15Mo performs better in a test corrosive environment than ATI Ti CP-4, ATI Ti-6Al-4V ELI and ATI Ti-6Al-7Nb. The environment is not named on the data sheet.
    rating: low
    conditions:
      basis: manufacturer statement; environment and test details not printed
    source: ati-datasheet
    where: CORROSION RESISTANCE AND BIOCOMPATIBILITY section, final sentence
  - environment: Stress corrosion cracking test at a medical centre
    headline: No stress corrosion cracking was seen under the conditions tested.
    effect: ATI reports that ATI 15Mo alloys, in both the beta and alpha plus beta annealed conditions, are not susceptible to stress corrosion cracking under the conditions tested at the University of Mississippi Medical Center.
    rating: none
    conditions:
      basis: only the conditions tested at the medical centre; those conditions are not printed on the data sheet
    source: ati-datasheet
    where: STRESS CORROSION CRACKING (SCC) RESISTANCE section
  - environment: Corrosion fatigue in Ringer's solution at 37 °C
    headline: Notched fatigue run-out falls to 250 to 300 MPa in Ringer's solution, against 800 MPa for smooth specimens.
    effect: ATI reports that the micrograined alpha plus beta aged alloy had a smooth-specimen fatigue run-out limit of 800 MPa in Ringer's solution and a notched run-out limit between 250 MPa and 300 MPa in the same solution.
    rating: moderate
    conditions:
      environment: aerated Ringer's solution, 37 °C
      test: tension-tension, R = 0.053, following ASTM F1801
    source: ati-datasheet
    where: Micrograined ATI 15Mo alloy stress corrosion cracking and fatigue strength section
risks:
  hazards:
    - text: PubChem's titanium record (CID 23963) lists H228 Flammable solid, H250 Catches fire spontaneously if exposed to air, and H251 Self-heating; may catch fire, from the NITE-CMC entry. The ECHA entry reads Not Classified. These codes describe the element titanium, not Ti-15Mo, and no safety data sheet for Ti-15Mo was read.
      ghs:
        - 'H228: Flammable solid'
        - 'H250: Catches fire spontaneously if exposed to air'
        - 'H251: Self-heating; may catch fire'
      source: pubchem-ti
      where: Safety and Hazards, GHS Classification (NITE-CMC and ECHA C&L entries, compound 23963)
    - text: No hazard classification or hazard statement for bulk Ti-15Mo was found in the manufacturer data sheet read for this profile; the data sheet contains no hazard section.
      ghs: []
      source: ati-datasheet
      where: Whole document read; no hazard or safety section printed
  failure_risks:
    - mode: Embrittling omega phase after heat treatment
      trigger: Cooling from temperatures near or above the beta transus, which ATI prints as 774 °C
      consequence: The embrittling omega phase forms during cooling. ATI says rapid cooling (beta annealed) or slow cooling (alpha plus beta) is needed to avoid it.
      severity: moderate
      source: ati-datasheet
      where: HEAT TREATMENT section, paragraph on the omega phase
    - mode: Stress-induced omega phase
      trigger: Deformation of a solution-treated metastable beta alloy
      consequence: The 2022 paper states that stress-induced omega phase precipitates embrittle the alloy, which is why the processing route matters for this material.
      severity: moderate
      source: pmc-ti15mo
      where: Introduction, paragraph on severe plastic deformation of metastable beta alloys
    - mode: Notched fatigue
      trigger: Cyclic load on a notched part in Ringer's solution at 37 °C
      consequence: Notched run-out limit of 250 to 300 MPa, against 800 MPa for a smooth specimen in the same solution, per ATI.
      severity: moderate
      source: ati-datasheet
      where: Micrograined ATI 15Mo alloy stress corrosion cracking and fatigue strength section
    - mode: Loss of ductility from interstitial pick-up
      trigger: Improper pickling, or pick-up of hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen or carbon during forging, heat treating, grinding or machining
      consequence: ATI says the reduction in ductility can adversely affect notch sensitivity and forming characteristics.
      severity: moderate
      source: ati-datasheet
      where: SPECIAL PRECAUTIONS section
  side_effects: []
  handling:
    - text: Anneal at 1,475 to 1,800 °F (802 to 982 °C) for 0.5 to 1 hour. Beta annealed material is rapidly quenched to below 1,025 °F (552 °C); alpha plus beta material is slow cooled to below 1,025 °F (552 °C).
      source: ati-datasheet
      where: HEAT TREATMENT section, Beta Annealed and alpha plus beta anneal steps
    - text: Age the alpha plus beta condition at 1,000 to 1,200 °F (538 to 649 °C) for more than 4 hours, then air cool. ATI says other ageing routes for the micrograined condition need to be agreed with ATI.
      source: ati-datasheet
      where: HEAT TREATMENT section, below the beta transus anneal step, and the micrograined note
    - text: Forge above the beta transus from above 1,500 °F (816 °C), or below it from 1,200 to 1,375 °F (649 to 746 °C). An immediate water quench limits omega phase in thin sections.
      source: ati-datasheet
      where: FORGEABILITY/FORMABILITY section
    - text: Machine with new, sharp tools at higher feed rates and lower speeds, with large amounts of non-chlorinated cutting fluid. Avoid hydrogen, oxygen and nitrogen pick-up at exposed surfaces during machining, cutting or grinding.
      source: ati-datasheet
      where: MACHINABILITY section
  mitigations:
    - text: Quench the beta annealed condition rapidly, or cool the alpha plus beta condition slowly, to avoid omega embrittlement.
      source: ati-datasheet
      where: HEAT TREATMENT section, final sentence
uses:
  - application: structures
    device: Orthopedic, trauma and spinal implants
    example: ATI says the alloy is manufactured as bar, rod and wire primarily for orthopedic, trauma and spinal applications.
    source: ati-datasheet
    where: INTRODUCTION section
  - application: structures
    device: Dental, orthodontic and cardiovascular implants
    example: ATI lists dental, orthodontic and cardiovascular applications for the same product forms.
    source: ati-datasheet
    where: INTRODUCTION section
supply:
  - subject: Titanium sponge (feedstock for titanium alloys such as Ti-15Mo)
    abundance: Not read in this run
    producers:
      - country: China
        share_percent: 70.3
        year: 2025
      - country: Japan
        share_percent: 14.3
        year: 2025
      - country: Russia
        share_percent: 6.8
        year: 2025
      - country: Kazakhstan
        share_percent: 4.3
        year: 2025
      - country: Saudi Arabia
        share_percent: 3.2
        year: 2025
    source: usgs-ti-2026
    where: World Sponge Metal Production table, 2025 column; shares computed from 260,000 t of 370,000 t (China) and the other printed country values, rounded world total
  - subject: Molybdenum (alloying element, 14 to 16 % of Ti-15Mo)
    producers:
      - country: China
        share_percent: 37.3
        year: 2025
      - country: Chile
        share_percent: 16.2
        year: 2025
      - country: United States
        share_percent: 15.4
        year: 2025
      - country: Peru
        share_percent: 15
        year: 2025
      - country: Mexico
        share_percent: 6.5
        year: 2025
    source: usgs-mo-2026
    where: World Mine Production and Reserves table, 2025e column; shares computed from 97,000 t of 260,000 t (China) and the other printed country values, rounded world total
media: []
documents:
  - title: ATI 15Mo Titanium Alloy technical data sheet, Version 2 (4/23/2014)
    type: datasheet
    url: https://www.atimaterials.com/Products/Documents/datasheets/titanium/alloyed/ati_15Mo_Titanium_Alloy_en_v4%20final.pdf
    year: 2014
  - title: ATI 15Mo product page
    type: datasheet
    url: https://www.atimaterials.com/products/pages/ati-ti-15mo.aspx
  - title: 'Bibus Metals: Titanium Ti-15Mo (UNS R58150, ASTM F 2066)'
    type: datasheet
    url: https://metals.bibus.com/ch-en/products/itm/titanium-ti-15Mo/
  - title: 'totalmateria: ASTM F2066 R58150 titanium alloy data (Japanese)'
    type: database
    url: https://www.totalmateria.com/ja/material/3247380
  - title: Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of Ti-15Mo Alloy Produced by Combined Processing including ECAP-Conform and Drawing (Materials, 2022, open access)
    type: paper
    url: https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9738178/
    year: 2022
  - title: Fabrication processes, properties, and applications of Ti-15Mo alloy (Colloids and Surfaces B, review, 2026)
    type: paper
    url: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41218301/
    year: 2026
  - title: 'PubChem: titanium (CID 23963), GHS classification'
    type: database
    url: https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/23963
  - title: 'USGS Mineral Commodity Summaries 2026: Titanium and Titanium Dioxide'
    type: report
    url: https://pubs.usgs.gov/periodicals/mcs2026/mcs2026-titanium.pdf
    year: 2026
  - title: 'USGS Mineral Commodity Summaries 2026: Molybdenum'
    type: report
    url: https://pubs.usgs.gov/periodicals/mcs2026/mcs2026-molybdenum.pdf
    year: 2026
gaps:
  - No flight, vacuum, outgassing, radiation or atomic-oxygen result for Ti-15Mo was found. A search of spacecraft and aerospace use returned no source for the alloy itself, so the profile has no space application entry.
  - No EN, AMS, DIN or JIS designation for UNS R58150 was printed on any page read. Only UNS R58150, ASTM F 2066 and the ATI 15Mo trade name are listed.
  - The ATI product page composition table is ambiguous in the extracted text, so composition is taken from the Bibus page (Mo 14 to 16 %, maximum values for the other elements), and the 15 % nominal figure from the ATI reference title.
  - The ATI datasheet is Version 2 dated 4/23/2014 and says its data are typical. The current ASTM F 2066 standard (the totalmateria page names a 2023 revision) and any later ATI revision were not read.
  - No seawater, body-fluid or long-term corrosion rate for Ti-15Mo was found. Corrosion entries are qualitative statements from the manufacturer or numbers from fatigue tests in Ringer's solution.
  - Thermal conductivity, specific heat, thermal expansion, Poisson's ratio, creep and radiation tolerance for Ti-15Mo were not found in the sources read.
  - Titanium and molybdenum shares are computed from USGS 2025 production tables. The crustal abundance of titanium and the USGS critical-mineral status of titanium were not read in this run.
  - No Ti-15Mo safety data sheet was read. The hazard entry uses the PubChem titanium record, which describes the element, not this alloy.
  - The 2022 paper's tensile and fatigue values come from ECAP-Conform and drawing processing on a research material, not a commercial grade. They are kept only with that condition printed.
  - Property names beta_transus and hardness are not in spores/property-canon.yaml, so they are used as short snake_case names.
story:
  recipe:
    line: Ti-15Mo is a titanium alloy with about 15 percent molybdenum by weight. Bibus prints 14 to 16 percent Mo, and the ATI reference title reads Titanium-15% Molybdenum. ATI melts it in a plasma arc furnace and re-melts it in a vacuum arc (VAR) furnace to limit molybdenum segregation. Iron, carbon, oxygen, nitrogen and hydrogen are kept as low maximum impurities in the Bibus specification.
    parts:
      - name: Titanium
        symbol: Ti
        share_note: balance
        role: The matrix metal. Titanium with the molybdenum forms the metastable body-centred cubic beta phase when quenched from the solution treatment.
        source: bibus-ti15mo
        where: Chemical composition table, Ti row, Balance
      - name: Molybdenum
        symbol: Mo
        share_percent: 14
        share_high: 16
        role: Beta stabiliser. It keeps the beta phase when the alloy is quenched, which makes the alloy metastable.
        source: bibus-ti15mo
        where: Chemical composition table, Mo row
  risk_groups:
    - title: For people
      level: 0
      verdict: No hazard class found for the bulk alloy
      lead: No safety data sheet for Ti-15Mo was read. The hazard codes available describe the element titanium, not this alloy.
      points:
        - label: The alloy
          line: PubChem's titanium record lists H228, H250 and H251 from one notification, and Not Classified from the ECHA entry. Those codes describe titanium as a substance, not the bulk Ti-15Mo bar.
        - label: Machining
          line: ATI advises irrigating the tooling and workpiece with large amounts of non-chlorinated cutting fluid.
    - title: If the part overheats in processing
      lead: These results come from the manufacturer and from a 2022 paper on the same alloy, not from field incidents.
      points:
        - label: Omega phase
          line: The embrittling omega phase forms on cooling from near or above the beta transus, which ATI prints as 774 °C. Rapid cooling or slow cooling is used to avoid it, depending on the condition.
        - label: Stress-induced omega
          line: The 2022 paper states that stress-induced omega phase precipitates embrittle the alloy when it is deformed after solution treatment.
    - title: Handling and storage
      verdict: Keep out hydrogen, oxygen and nitrogen
      points:
        - label: Pick-up
          line: ATI warns to avoid hydrogen, oxygen and nitrogen pick-up at exposed surfaces during machining, cutting and grinding, and during improper pickling.
        - label: Heat treatment
          line: Anneal at 1,475 to 1,800 °F (802 to 982 °C) for 0.5 to 1 hour, then quench or slow cool depending on the condition, as ATI sets out.
  why: Ti-15Mo is a metastable beta titanium alloy, specified as UNS R58150 under ASTM F 2066. Metastable means it has enough molybdenum to keep the body-centred cubic beta phase when quenched from high temperature. ATI says its elastic modulus is about two-thirds that of ATI Ti-6Al-4V, and that its ductility and corrosion fatigue properties are better in the beta annealed condition. The alloy is made as bar, rod and wire for orthopedic, trauma, spinal, dental, orthodontic and cardiovascular applications. The sources read for this profile report no space or aerospace use of the alloy itself.
  uses:
    - where: Orthopedic, trauma and spinal implants
      line: ATI's data sheet says the alloy is manufactured as bar, rod and wire primarily for orthopedic, trauma and spinal applications.
    - where: Dental, orthodontic and cardiovascular implants
      line: The same data sheet lists dental, orthodontic and cardiovascular applications for those product forms.
    - where: Space and aerospace
      line: No space or aerospace part made from Ti-15Mo was found in the sources read. The USGS says most titanium metal goes to aerospace, but that statement covers titanium metal as a whole.
  can_do:
    - label: Stiffness
      benchmark: elastic_modulus
      value: 78 GPa (beta annealed)
      line: ATI gives an elastic modulus of 78 GPa for the beta annealed condition, 106 GPa for alpha plus beta annealed, and 114 GPa for micrograined alpha plus beta aged. The beta annealed value is about two-thirds of the modulus of ATI Ti-6Al-4V, as the data sheet states.
    - label: Strength
      benchmark: ultimate_tensile_strength
      value: 690 MPa minimum (beta annealed)
      line: ATI's ASTM F 2066 minimum tensile strength is 690 MPa for the beta annealed condition and 1150 MPa for alpha plus beta annealed and aged. A 2022 paper reached 1590 MPa with ultrafine-grained processing, a research condition and not a commercial grade.
    - label: Ductility
      benchmark: elongation
      value: 20 % minimum (beta annealed)
      line: The beta annealed condition has a 20 % minimum elongation in ATI's specification table, against 10 % for the alpha plus beta conditions. The totalmateria database page prints a standard minimum of 10 %, so the two sources are shown side by side.
    - label: Fatigue
      benchmark: fatigue_strength
      value: 800 MPa smooth, 250 to 300 MPa notched (Ringer's)
      line: In Ringer's solution at 37 °C, ATI reports a smooth-specimen fatigue run-out limit of 800 MPa and a notched run-out limit of 250 to 300 MPa for the micrograined alpha plus beta aged alloy.
  compare: 'Ti-15Mo is a low-stiffness titanium alloy. Its beta annealed modulus of 78 GPa is below the 106 and 114 GPa of ATI''s other two conditions, and below the 80 to 130 GPa range printed on the database page for the standard. The ATI data sheet compares it with ATI Ti-6Al-4V and ATI Ti-6Al-7Nb: the beta annealed modulus is about two-thirds of Ti-6Al-4V, and the data sheet says ATI 15Mo has better ductility and superior notch sensitivity resistance than the alpha-beta alloys it names. No space or flight comparison was found, so the table compares the alloy only on its own properties.'
  compare_rows:
    - label: Stiffness (elastic modulus
      beta annealed): null
      benchmark: elastic_modulus
    - label: Density
      benchmark: density
    - label: Tensile strength (ASTM F 2066 minimum
      beta annealed): null
      benchmark: ultimate_tensile_strength
  handling:
    - Anneal at 1,475 to 1,800 °F (802 to 982 °C) for 0.5 to 1 hour, then quench (beta annealed) or slow cool (alpha plus beta), per ATI.
    - Age the alpha plus beta condition at 1,000 to 1,200 °F (538 to 649 °C) for more than 4 hours, then air cool, per ATI.
    - Avoid hydrogen, oxygen and nitrogen pick-up during pickling, forging, heat treating, grinding and machining.
    - Expect springback in forming and machining in the beta annealed condition, because of its low modulus and high ductility.
  good_for:
    - 'Low stiffness: 78 GPa in the beta annealed condition, against 106 and 114 GPa for the other two ATI conditions.'
    - 'High strength after ageing: at least 1150 MPa tensile in the alpha plus beta annealed and aged condition, per ATI.'
  watch_out:
    - Omega-phase embrittlement during cooling, so the heat treatment route must match the condition.
    - 'Notched fatigue: run-out of 250 to 300 MPa in Ringer''s solution, against 800 MPa for smooth specimens.'
    - The strength values are from a 2014 manufacturer data sheet and a standard page; the current ASTM F 2066 revision was not read.
    - No flight, vacuum or radiation data were found for this alloy.
  verdict: Ti-15Mo is a low-stiffness beta titanium alloy with good ductility in the beta annealed condition and high strength after ageing. The sources read for this profile give terrestrial data only, so flight suitability is not established.
updated: '2026-11-01'
review:
  status: draft
  method: assistant
  checked_values: 33
  unreachable: 0
  caveats: 2
  note: 'Written by an AI assistant on 2026-11-01 from pages fetched in this run: the ATI data sheet, the ATI product page, Bibus, totalmateria, the 2022 Materials paper (PMC copy), the 2026 review, PubChem and the USGS 2026 summaries.'
sources:
  ati-datasheet:
    title: ATI 15Mo Titanium Alloy Technical Data Sheet, Version 2 (4/23/2014)
    id: ATI 15Mo (UNS R58150)
    url: https://www.atimaterials.com/Products/Documents/datasheets/titanium/alloyed/ati_15Mo_Titanium_Alloy_en_v4%20final.pdf
    year: 2014
    kind: datasheet
    license: ATI data sheet, cited not reproduced
  ati-web:
    title: ATI 15Mo product page
    id: ATI 15Mo (UNS R58150)
    url: https://www.atimaterials.com/products/pages/ati-ti-15mo.aspx
    kind: datasheet
    license: ATI web page, cited not reproduced
  bibus-ti15mo:
    title: 'Bibus Metals: Titanium Ti-15Mo, chemical composition, density and designations'
    id: UNS R58150, ASTM F 2066
    url: https://metals.bibus.com/ch-en/products/itm/titanium-ti-15Mo/
    kind: datasheet
    license: Bibus product page, cited not reproduced
  totalmateria-f2066:
    title: 'totalmateria: ASTM F2066 R58150 (titanium alloy), physical and mechanical property tables (Japanese)'
    id: ASTM F2066 R58150
    url: https://www.totalmateria.com/ja/material/3247380
    kind: database
    license: totalmateria, cited not reproduced
  pmc-ti15mo:
    title: Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of beta-Titanium Ti-15Mo Alloy Produced by Combined Processing including ECAP-Conform and Drawing
    id: doi:10.3390/ma15238666 (Materials 15(23), 8666; PMC9738178)
    url: https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9738178/
    year: 2022
    kind: paper
    license: CC BY (open access, as listed by PMC)
  colsurfb-review:
    title: Fabrication processes, properties, and applications of Ti-15Mo alloy
    id: doi:10.1016/j.colsurfb.2025.115256 (PMID 41218301)
    url: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41218301/
    year: 2026
    kind: paper
    license: PubMed record, cited not reproduced
  pubchem-ti:
    title: 'PubChem: titanium (CID 23963), GHS classification from NITE-CMC and ECHA C&L'
    id: CID 23963
    url: https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/23963
    kind: database
    license: PubChem, public domain record
  usgs-ti-2026:
    title: 'USGS Mineral Commodity Summaries 2026: Titanium and Titanium Dioxide'
    id: USGS MCS 2026
    url: https://pubs.usgs.gov/periodicals/mcs2026/mcs2026-titanium.pdf
    year: 2026
    kind: report
    license: US Government work, public domain
  usgs-mo-2026:
    title: 'USGS Mineral Commodity Summaries 2026: Molybdenum'
    id: USGS MCS 2026
    url: https://pubs.usgs.gov/periodicals/mcs2026/mcs2026-molybdenum.pdf
    year: 2026
    kind: report
    license: US Government work, public domain
license: CC-BY-4.0