{
  "spore": "profile",
  "id": "titanium-15mo",
  "spore_version": "0.2",
  "family": "titanium-alloys",
  "name": "Ti-15Mo (UNS R58150, ASTM F2066 beta titanium)",
  "abbreviation": "Ti-15Mo",
  "role": "structural alloy",
  "category": "metals",
  "type": "titanium",
  "summary": "Ti-15Mo is a metastable beta titanium alloy with about 15% molybdenum, sold as UNS R58150 and specified under ASTM F 2066 for surgical implants. ATI gives an elastic modulus of 78 GPa for the beta-annealed condition and a minimum tensile strength of 1150 MPa after alpha plus beta annealing and ageing. The sources read for this profile contain no flight, vacuum or space test of the alloy.\n",
  "best_for": "Implant-type parts that need low stiffness and good ductility in the beta-annealed condition (ATI 15Mo data sheet)",
  "weakest_at": "Heat treatment control, since omega-phase embrittlement must be avoided, and notched fatigue (run-out of 250 to 300 MPa in Ringer's solution)",
  "identity": {
    "formula": "Ti-15Mo, titanium with about 15% molybdenum (metastable beta alloy)",
    "crystal_system": "Body-centred cubic beta phase, metastable (ATI datasheet)",
    "designations": [
      {
        "system": "UNS",
        "code": "R58150",
        "source": "ati-datasheet",
        "where": "Opening paragraph, 'ATI 15Mo Alloys (UNS R58150)'"
      },
      {
        "system": "ASTM",
        "code": "F 2066",
        "source": "ati-datasheet",
        "where": "SPECIFICATIONS, 'ASTM F 2066 - Bar, Rod, Sheet, and Wire'"
      },
      {
        "system": "Trade name",
        "code": "ATI 15Mo",
        "source": "ati-datasheet",
        "where": "Title block, 'ATI 15Mo Titanium Alloy'"
      }
    ],
    "source": "ati-datasheet",
    "where": "Metallurgical conditions section (beta phase, bcc); reference 1 title 'Wrought Titanium-15% Molybdenum Implant Material'"
  },
  "tags": {
    "environments": [],
    "stresses": [],
    "applications": [
      "structures"
    ]
  },
  "properties": [
    {
      "benchmark": "density",
      "label": "Density, ATI 15Mo",
      "value": 4.95,
      "bound": "exact",
      "unit": "g/cm3",
      "scope": "material",
      "conditions": {
        "grade": "ATI 15Mo (UNS R58150)",
        "basis": "printed as 4.95 gm/cc and 0.179 lbs/cu. in.; no temperature printed",
        "unit_in_source": "gm/cc"
      },
      "method": "Printed value in the Physical Properties section of the ATI technical data sheet, Version 2 (2014)",
      "status": "ground",
      "source": "ati-datasheet",
      "where": "PHYSICAL PROPERTIES, Density row",
      "source_detail": {
        "title": "ATI 15Mo Titanium Alloy Technical Data Sheet, Version 2 (4/23/2014)",
        "id": "ATI 15Mo (UNS R58150)",
        "url": "https://www.atimaterials.com/Products/Documents/datasheets/titanium/alloyed/ati_15Mo_Titanium_Alloy_en_v4%20final.pdf",
        "year": 2014,
        "kind": "datasheet",
        "license": "ATI data sheet, cited not reproduced"
      }
    },
    {
      "benchmark": "beta_transus",
      "label": "Beta transus, ATI 15Mo",
      "value": 774,
      "bound": "exact",
      "unit": "°C",
      "scope": "material",
      "conditions": {
        "grade": "ATI 15Mo (UNS R58150)",
        "tolerance": "± 14 C° as printed",
        "printed_f": "1,425° F (± 25 F°)"
      },
      "method": "Printed value in the Physical Properties section of the ATI technical data sheet",
      "status": "ground",
      "source": "ati-datasheet",
      "where": "PHYSICAL PROPERTIES, Beta Transus Temperature row",
      "source_detail": {
        "title": "ATI 15Mo Titanium Alloy Technical Data Sheet, Version 2 (4/23/2014)",
        "id": "ATI 15Mo (UNS R58150)",
        "url": "https://www.atimaterials.com/Products/Documents/datasheets/titanium/alloyed/ati_15Mo_Titanium_Alloy_en_v4%20final.pdf",
        "year": 2014,
        "kind": "datasheet",
        "license": "ATI data sheet, cited not reproduced"
      }
    },
    {
      "benchmark": "melting_point",
      "label": "Melting range, ATI 15Mo",
      "value": 1704,
      "value_high": 1760,
      "bound": "range",
      "unit": "°C",
      "scope": "material",
      "conditions": {
        "grade": "ATI 15Mo (UNS R58150)",
        "basis": "range printed as 3,100 - 3,200° F (1,704 - 1,760° C)"
      },
      "method": "Range printed in the Physical Properties section of the ATI technical data sheet",
      "status": "ground",
      "source": "ati-datasheet",
      "where": "PHYSICAL PROPERTIES, Melting Range row",
      "source_detail": {
        "title": "ATI 15Mo Titanium Alloy Technical Data Sheet, Version 2 (4/23/2014)",
        "id": "ATI 15Mo (UNS R58150)",
        "url": "https://www.atimaterials.com/Products/Documents/datasheets/titanium/alloyed/ati_15Mo_Titanium_Alloy_en_v4%20final.pdf",
        "year": 2014,
        "kind": "datasheet",
        "license": "ATI data sheet, cited not reproduced"
      }
    },
    {
      "benchmark": "elastic_modulus",
      "label": "Elastic modulus, beta annealed",
      "value": 78,
      "bound": "exact",
      "unit": "GPa",
      "scope": "material",
      "conditions": {
        "grade": "ATI 15Mo (UNS R58150)",
        "condition": "beta annealed"
      },
      "method": "Printed value in the Physical Properties section of the ATI technical data sheet",
      "status": "ground",
      "source": "ati-datasheet",
      "where": "PHYSICAL PROPERTIES, Elastic Modulus, first line",
      "source_detail": {
        "title": "ATI 15Mo Titanium Alloy Technical Data Sheet, Version 2 (4/23/2014)",
        "id": "ATI 15Mo (UNS R58150)",
        "url": "https://www.atimaterials.com/Products/Documents/datasheets/titanium/alloyed/ati_15Mo_Titanium_Alloy_en_v4%20final.pdf",
        "year": 2014,
        "kind": "datasheet",
        "license": "ATI data sheet, cited not reproduced"
      }
    },
    {
      "benchmark": "elastic_modulus",
      "label": "Elastic modulus, alpha plus beta annealed",
      "value": 106,
      "bound": "exact",
      "unit": "GPa",
      "scope": "material",
      "conditions": {
        "grade": "ATI 15Mo (UNS R58150)",
        "condition": "alpha plus beta annealed"
      },
      "method": "Printed value in the Physical Properties section of the ATI technical data sheet",
      "status": "ground",
      "source": "ati-datasheet",
      "where": "PHYSICAL PROPERTIES, Elastic Modulus, second line",
      "source_detail": {
        "title": "ATI 15Mo Titanium Alloy Technical Data Sheet, Version 2 (4/23/2014)",
        "id": "ATI 15Mo (UNS R58150)",
        "url": "https://www.atimaterials.com/Products/Documents/datasheets/titanium/alloyed/ati_15Mo_Titanium_Alloy_en_v4%20final.pdf",
        "year": 2014,
        "kind": "datasheet",
        "license": "ATI data sheet, cited not reproduced"
      }
    },
    {
      "benchmark": "elastic_modulus",
      "label": "Elastic modulus, micrograined alpha plus beta aged",
      "value": 114,
      "bound": "exact",
      "unit": "GPa",
      "scope": "material",
      "conditions": {
        "grade": "ATI 15Mo (UNS R58150)",
        "condition": "micrograined alpha plus beta aged"
      },
      "method": "Printed value in the Physical Properties section of the ATI technical data sheet",
      "status": "ground",
      "source": "ati-datasheet",
      "where": "PHYSICAL PROPERTIES, Elastic Modulus, third line",
      "source_detail": {
        "title": "ATI 15Mo Titanium Alloy Technical Data Sheet, Version 2 (4/23/2014)",
        "id": "ATI 15Mo (UNS R58150)",
        "url": "https://www.atimaterials.com/Products/Documents/datasheets/titanium/alloyed/ati_15Mo_Titanium_Alloy_en_v4%20final.pdf",
        "year": 2014,
        "kind": "datasheet",
        "license": "ATI data sheet, cited not reproduced"
      }
    },
    {
      "benchmark": "ultimate_tensile_strength",
      "label": "Tensile strength minimum, ASTM F 2066 beta annealed",
      "value": 690,
      "bound": "lower",
      "unit": "MPa",
      "scope": "material",
      "conditions": {
        "grade": "ATI 15Mo (UNS R58150)",
        "condition": "beta annealed",
        "thickness": "up to 2.0 in, as printed",
        "basis": "specification minimum; printed as 100 (690) ksi (MPa)"
      },
      "method": "Specification minimum printed in the SPECIFICATIONS table of the ATI data sheet",
      "status": "ground",
      "source": "ati-datasheet",
      "where": "SPECIFICATIONS table, Beta row, UTS min",
      "source_detail": {
        "title": "ATI 15Mo Titanium Alloy Technical Data Sheet, Version 2 (4/23/2014)",
        "id": "ATI 15Mo (UNS R58150)",
        "url": "https://www.atimaterials.com/Products/Documents/datasheets/titanium/alloyed/ati_15Mo_Titanium_Alloy_en_v4%20final.pdf",
        "year": 2014,
        "kind": "datasheet",
        "license": "ATI data sheet, cited not reproduced"
      }
    },
    {
      "benchmark": "yield_strength",
      "label": "Yield strength minimum, ASTM F 2066 beta annealed",
      "value": 483,
      "bound": "lower",
      "unit": "MPa",
      "scope": "material",
      "conditions": {
        "grade": "ATI 15Mo (UNS R58150)",
        "condition": "beta annealed",
        "basis": "specification minimum; printed as 70 (483) ksi (MPa); offset not stated"
      },
      "method": "Specification minimum printed in the SPECIFICATIONS table of the ATI data sheet",
      "status": "ground",
      "source": "ati-datasheet",
      "where": "SPECIFICATIONS table, Beta row, YS min",
      "source_detail": {
        "title": "ATI 15Mo Titanium Alloy Technical Data Sheet, Version 2 (4/23/2014)",
        "id": "ATI 15Mo (UNS R58150)",
        "url": "https://www.atimaterials.com/Products/Documents/datasheets/titanium/alloyed/ati_15Mo_Titanium_Alloy_en_v4%20final.pdf",
        "year": 2014,
        "kind": "datasheet",
        "license": "ATI data sheet, cited not reproduced"
      }
    },
    {
      "benchmark": "elongation",
      "label": "Elongation minimum, ASTM F 2066 beta annealed",
      "value": 20,
      "bound": "lower",
      "unit": "%",
      "scope": "material",
      "conditions": {
        "grade": "ATI 15Mo (UNS R58150)",
        "condition": "beta annealed",
        "basis": "specification minimum; reduction in area minimum 40 % printed beside it"
      },
      "method": "Specification minimum printed in the SPECIFICATIONS table of the ATI data sheet",
      "status": "ground",
      "source": "ati-datasheet",
      "where": "SPECIFICATIONS table, Beta row, %El min",
      "source_detail": {
        "title": "ATI 15Mo Titanium Alloy Technical Data Sheet, Version 2 (4/23/2014)",
        "id": "ATI 15Mo (UNS R58150)",
        "url": "https://www.atimaterials.com/Products/Documents/datasheets/titanium/alloyed/ati_15Mo_Titanium_Alloy_en_v4%20final.pdf",
        "year": 2014,
        "kind": "datasheet",
        "license": "ATI data sheet, cited not reproduced"
      }
    },
    {
      "benchmark": "ultimate_tensile_strength",
      "label": "Tensile strength minimum, alpha plus beta annealed",
      "value": 900,
      "bound": "lower",
      "unit": "MPa",
      "scope": "material",
      "conditions": {
        "grade": "ATI 15Mo (UNS R58150)",
        "condition": "alpha plus beta annealed",
        "basis": "specification minimum; printed as 130.5 (900) ksi (MPa)"
      },
      "method": "Specification minimum printed in the SPECIFICATIONS table of the ATI data sheet",
      "status": "ground",
      "source": "ati-datasheet",
      "where": "SPECIFICATIONS table, Alpha plus Beta row, UTS min",
      "source_detail": {
        "title": "ATI 15Mo Titanium Alloy Technical Data Sheet, Version 2 (4/23/2014)",
        "id": "ATI 15Mo (UNS R58150)",
        "url": "https://www.atimaterials.com/Products/Documents/datasheets/titanium/alloyed/ati_15Mo_Titanium_Alloy_en_v4%20final.pdf",
        "year": 2014,
        "kind": "datasheet",
        "license": "ATI data sheet, cited not reproduced"
      }
    },
    {
      "benchmark": "yield_strength",
      "label": "Yield strength minimum, alpha plus beta annealed",
      "value": 800,
      "bound": "lower",
      "unit": "MPa",
      "scope": "material",
      "conditions": {
        "grade": "ATI 15Mo (UNS R58150)",
        "condition": "alpha plus beta annealed",
        "basis": "specification minimum; printed as 116 (800) ksi (MPa)"
      },
      "method": "Specification minimum printed in the SPECIFICATIONS table of the ATI data sheet",
      "status": "ground",
      "source": "ati-datasheet",
      "where": "SPECIFICATIONS table, Alpha plus Beta row, YS min",
      "source_detail": {
        "title": "ATI 15Mo Titanium Alloy Technical Data Sheet, Version 2 (4/23/2014)",
        "id": "ATI 15Mo (UNS R58150)",
        "url": "https://www.atimaterials.com/Products/Documents/datasheets/titanium/alloyed/ati_15Mo_Titanium_Alloy_en_v4%20final.pdf",
        "year": 2014,
        "kind": "datasheet",
        "license": "ATI data sheet, cited not reproduced"
      }
    },
    {
      "benchmark": "elongation",
      "label": "Elongation minimum, alpha plus beta annealed",
      "value": 10,
      "bound": "lower",
      "unit": "%",
      "scope": "material",
      "conditions": {
        "grade": "ATI 15Mo (UNS R58150)",
        "condition": "alpha plus beta annealed",
        "basis": "specification minimum"
      },
      "method": "Specification minimum printed in the SPECIFICATIONS table of the ATI data sheet",
      "status": "ground",
      "source": "ati-datasheet",
      "where": "SPECIFICATIONS table, Alpha plus Beta row, %El min",
      "source_detail": {
        "title": "ATI 15Mo Titanium Alloy Technical Data Sheet, Version 2 (4/23/2014)",
        "id": "ATI 15Mo (UNS R58150)",
        "url": "https://www.atimaterials.com/Products/Documents/datasheets/titanium/alloyed/ati_15Mo_Titanium_Alloy_en_v4%20final.pdf",
        "year": 2014,
        "kind": "datasheet",
        "license": "ATI data sheet, cited not reproduced"
      }
    },
    {
      "benchmark": "ultimate_tensile_strength",
      "label": "Tensile strength minimum, alpha plus beta annealed and aged",
      "value": 1150,
      "bound": "lower",
      "unit": "MPa",
      "scope": "material",
      "conditions": {
        "grade": "ATI 15Mo (UNS R58150)",
        "condition": "alpha plus beta annealed plus aged",
        "basis": "specification minimum; printed as 166.75 (1150) ksi (MPa)"
      },
      "method": "Specification minimum printed in the SPECIFICATIONS table of the ATI data sheet",
      "status": "ground",
      "source": "ati-datasheet",
      "where": "SPECIFICATIONS table, Alpha plus Beta + Aged row, UTS min",
      "source_detail": {
        "title": "ATI 15Mo Titanium Alloy Technical Data Sheet, Version 2 (4/23/2014)",
        "id": "ATI 15Mo (UNS R58150)",
        "url": "https://www.atimaterials.com/Products/Documents/datasheets/titanium/alloyed/ati_15Mo_Titanium_Alloy_en_v4%20final.pdf",
        "year": 2014,
        "kind": "datasheet",
        "license": "ATI data sheet, cited not reproduced"
      }
    },
    {
      "benchmark": "yield_strength",
      "label": "Yield strength minimum, alpha plus beta annealed and aged",
      "value": 1050,
      "bound": "lower",
      "unit": "MPa",
      "scope": "material",
      "conditions": {
        "grade": "ATI 15Mo (UNS R58150)",
        "condition": "alpha plus beta annealed plus aged",
        "basis": "specification minimum; printed as 152.25 (1050) ksi (MPa)"
      },
      "method": "Specification minimum printed in the SPECIFICATIONS table of the ATI data sheet",
      "status": "ground",
      "source": "ati-datasheet",
      "where": "SPECIFICATIONS table, Alpha plus Beta + Aged row, YS min",
      "source_detail": {
        "title": "ATI 15Mo Titanium Alloy Technical Data Sheet, Version 2 (4/23/2014)",
        "id": "ATI 15Mo (UNS R58150)",
        "url": "https://www.atimaterials.com/Products/Documents/datasheets/titanium/alloyed/ati_15Mo_Titanium_Alloy_en_v4%20final.pdf",
        "year": 2014,
        "kind": "datasheet",
        "license": "ATI data sheet, cited not reproduced"
      }
    },
    {
      "benchmark": "hardness",
      "label": "Hardness, beta annealed",
      "value": 22,
      "value_high": 26,
      "bound": "range",
      "unit": "HRc",
      "scope": "material",
      "conditions": {
        "grade": "ATI 15Mo (UNS R58150)",
        "condition": "beta annealed"
      },
      "method": "Range printed in the HARDNESS table of the ATI data sheet, under the HRc Range heading",
      "status": "ground",
      "source": "ati-datasheet",
      "where": "HARDNESS table, Beta Annealed row",
      "source_detail": {
        "title": "ATI 15Mo Titanium Alloy Technical Data Sheet, Version 2 (4/23/2014)",
        "id": "ATI 15Mo (UNS R58150)",
        "url": "https://www.atimaterials.com/Products/Documents/datasheets/titanium/alloyed/ati_15Mo_Titanium_Alloy_en_v4%20final.pdf",
        "year": 2014,
        "kind": "datasheet",
        "license": "ATI data sheet, cited not reproduced"
      }
    },
    {
      "benchmark": "fatigue_strength",
      "label": "Smooth-specimen fatigue run-out limit in Ringer's solution",
      "value": 800,
      "bound": "exact",
      "unit": "MPa",
      "scope": "material",
      "conditions": {
        "grade": "ATI 15Mo (UNS R58150)",
        "condition": "micrograined alpha plus beta aged (ATI wording: ATI 15Mo alpha/beta alloy)",
        "environment": "Ringer's solution, 37 °C, aerated",
        "specimen": "smooth",
        "test": "tension-tension, R = 0.053, ASTM F1801 guidelines"
      },
      "method": "Run-out limit stated in the micrograined ATI 15Mo stress corrosion cracking and fatigue section of the ATI data sheet",
      "status": "ground",
      "source": "ati-datasheet",
      "where": "Micrograined ATI 15Mo alloy stress corrosion cracking and fatigue strength section, second paragraph",
      "source_detail": {
        "title": "ATI 15Mo Titanium Alloy Technical Data Sheet, Version 2 (4/23/2014)",
        "id": "ATI 15Mo (UNS R58150)",
        "url": "https://www.atimaterials.com/Products/Documents/datasheets/titanium/alloyed/ati_15Mo_Titanium_Alloy_en_v4%20final.pdf",
        "year": 2014,
        "kind": "datasheet",
        "license": "ATI data sheet, cited not reproduced"
      }
    },
    {
      "benchmark": "fatigue_strength",
      "label": "Notched fatigue run-out limit in Ringer's solution",
      "value": 250,
      "value_high": 300,
      "bound": "range",
      "unit": "MPa",
      "scope": "material",
      "conditions": {
        "grade": "ATI 15Mo (UNS R58150)",
        "condition": "micrograined alpha plus beta aged (ATI wording: ATI 15Mo alpha/beta alloy)",
        "environment": "Ringer's solution, 37 °C, aerated",
        "specimen": "notched",
        "test": "tension-tension, R = 0.053, ASTM F1801 guidelines"
      },
      "method": "Range stated in the micrograined ATI 15Mo stress corrosion cracking and fatigue section of the ATI data sheet",
      "status": "ground",
      "source": "ati-datasheet",
      "where": "Micrograined ATI 15Mo alloy stress corrosion cracking and fatigue strength section, second paragraph, notched condition",
      "source_detail": {
        "title": "ATI 15Mo Titanium Alloy Technical Data Sheet, Version 2 (4/23/2014)",
        "id": "ATI 15Mo (UNS R58150)",
        "url": "https://www.atimaterials.com/Products/Documents/datasheets/titanium/alloyed/ati_15Mo_Titanium_Alloy_en_v4%20final.pdf",
        "year": 2014,
        "kind": "datasheet",
        "license": "ATI data sheet, cited not reproduced"
      }
    },
    {
      "benchmark": "ultimate_tensile_strength",
      "label": "Tensile strength minimum, bar in 1,475 °F anneal",
      "value": 793,
      "bound": "lower",
      "unit": "MPa",
      "scope": "material",
      "conditions": {
        "grade": "ATI 15Mo (bar and billet)",
        "condition": "1,475°F anneal, as printed",
        "basis": "minimum; printed as 115 min ksi and 793 min MPa"
      },
      "method": "Minimum printed in the Tensile Strength section of the ATI 15Mo product page",
      "status": "ground",
      "source": "ati-web",
      "where": "Tensile Strength section, MPa value",
      "source_detail": {
        "title": "ATI 15Mo product page",
        "id": "ATI 15Mo (UNS R58150)",
        "url": "https://www.atimaterials.com/products/pages/ati-ti-15mo.aspx",
        "kind": "datasheet",
        "license": "ATI web page, cited not reproduced"
      }
    },
    {
      "benchmark": "yield_strength",
      "label": "Yield strength minimum (0.2 %), bar in 1,475 °F anneal",
      "value": 655,
      "bound": "lower",
      "unit": "MPa",
      "scope": "material",
      "conditions": {
        "grade": "ATI 15Mo (bar and billet)",
        "condition": "1,475°F anneal, as printed",
        "offset": "0.2 %",
        "basis": "minimum; printed as 95 min ksi and 655 min MPa"
      },
      "method": "Minimum printed in the Yield Strength section of the ATI 15Mo product page",
      "status": "ground",
      "source": "ati-web",
      "where": "Yield Strength section, MPa value",
      "source_detail": {
        "title": "ATI 15Mo product page",
        "id": "ATI 15Mo (UNS R58150)",
        "url": "https://www.atimaterials.com/products/pages/ati-ti-15mo.aspx",
        "kind": "datasheet",
        "license": "ATI web page, cited not reproduced"
      }
    },
    {
      "benchmark": "elongation",
      "label": "Elongation minimum, bar in 1,475 °F anneal",
      "value": 22,
      "bound": "lower",
      "unit": "%",
      "scope": "material",
      "conditions": {
        "grade": "ATI 15Mo (bar and billet)",
        "condition": "1,475°F anneal, as printed",
        "basis": "minimum"
      },
      "method": "Minimum printed in the Elongation section of the ATI 15Mo product page",
      "status": "ground",
      "source": "ati-web",
      "where": "Elongation section, 22% min",
      "source_detail": {
        "title": "ATI 15Mo product page",
        "id": "ATI 15Mo (UNS R58150)",
        "url": "https://www.atimaterials.com/products/pages/ati-ti-15mo.aspx",
        "kind": "datasheet",
        "license": "ATI web page, cited not reproduced"
      }
    },
    {
      "benchmark": "hardness",
      "label": "Hardness maximum, bar in 1,475 °F anneal",
      "value": 24,
      "bound": "upper",
      "unit": "HRc",
      "scope": "material",
      "conditions": {
        "grade": "ATI 15Mo (bar and billet)",
        "condition": "1,475°F anneal, as printed",
        "basis": "maximum"
      },
      "method": "Maximum printed in the Hardness section of the ATI 15Mo product page",
      "status": "ground",
      "source": "ati-web",
      "where": "Hardness section, 24 HRC max",
      "source_detail": {
        "title": "ATI 15Mo product page",
        "id": "ATI 15Mo (UNS R58150)",
        "url": "https://www.atimaterials.com/products/pages/ati-ti-15mo.aspx",
        "kind": "datasheet",
        "license": "ATI web page, cited not reproduced"
      }
    },
    {
      "benchmark": "elastic_modulus",
      "label": "Elastic modulus range, ASTM F2066 standard data",
      "value": 80,
      "value_high": 130,
      "bound": "range",
      "unit": "GPa",
      "scope": "material",
      "conditions": {
        "grade": "R58150 (ASTM F2066 alloy)",
        "basis": "range printed for 0 to 30 degrees C in the physical properties table; the standard data, not one condition"
      },
      "method": "Range printed in the Physical Properties table on a Japanese-language database page for ASTM F2066 R58150; that page calls it a 2023 revision of F2066",
      "status": "ground",
      "source": "totalmateria-f2066",
      "where": "Physical Properties (0-30 °C) table, Elastic modulus row, 80 - 130 GPa",
      "source_detail": {
        "title": "totalmateria: ASTM F2066 R58150 (titanium alloy), physical and mechanical property tables (Japanese)",
        "id": "ASTM F2066 R58150",
        "url": "https://www.totalmateria.com/ja/material/3247380",
        "kind": "database",
        "license": "totalmateria, cited not reproduced"
      }
    },
    {
      "benchmark": "ultimate_tensile_strength",
      "label": "Tensile strength minimum, ASTM F2066 standard data",
      "value": 690,
      "bound": "lower",
      "unit": "MPa",
      "scope": "material",
      "conditions": {
        "grade": "R58150 (ASTM F2066 alloy)",
        "basis": "minimum printed for 0 to 30 degrees C; the page gives no condition"
      },
      "method": "Minimum printed in the Mechanical Properties (0-30 °C) table on the database page for ASTM F2066 R58150",
      "status": "ground",
      "source": "totalmateria-f2066",
      "where": "Mechanical Properties (0-30 °C) table, Tensile strength row, 690 MPa minimum",
      "source_detail": {
        "title": "totalmateria: ASTM F2066 R58150 (titanium alloy), physical and mechanical property tables (Japanese)",
        "id": "ASTM F2066 R58150",
        "url": "https://www.totalmateria.com/ja/material/3247380",
        "kind": "database",
        "license": "totalmateria, cited not reproduced"
      }
    },
    {
      "benchmark": "yield_strength",
      "label": "Yield strength minimum (Rp0.2), ASTM F2066 standard data",
      "value": 483,
      "bound": "lower",
      "unit": "MPa",
      "scope": "material",
      "conditions": {
        "grade": "R58150 (ASTM F2066 alloy)",
        "basis": "minimum printed for 0 to 30 degrees C; the page gives no condition"
      },
      "method": "Minimum printed in the Mechanical Properties (0-30 °C) table on the database page for ASTM F2066 R58150",
      "status": "ground",
      "source": "totalmateria-f2066",
      "where": "Mechanical Properties (0-30 °C) table, Yield strength Rp0.2 row, 483 MPa minimum",
      "source_detail": {
        "title": "totalmateria: ASTM F2066 R58150 (titanium alloy), physical and mechanical property tables (Japanese)",
        "id": "ASTM F2066 R58150",
        "url": "https://www.totalmateria.com/ja/material/3247380",
        "kind": "database",
        "license": "totalmateria, cited not reproduced"
      }
    },
    {
      "benchmark": "elongation",
      "label": "Elongation minimum, ASTM F2066 standard data",
      "value": 10,
      "bound": "lower",
      "unit": "%",
      "scope": "material",
      "conditions": {
        "grade": "R58150 (ASTM F2066 alloy)",
        "basis": "minimum printed for 0 to 30 degrees C; differs from the 20 % beta-annealed minimum on the ATI data sheet, and both are kept"
      },
      "method": "Minimum printed in the Mechanical Properties (0-30 °C) table on the database page for ASTM F2066 R58150",
      "status": "ground",
      "source": "totalmateria-f2066",
      "where": "Mechanical Properties (0-30 °C) table, Elongation A row, 10 % minimum",
      "source_detail": {
        "title": "totalmateria: ASTM F2066 R58150 (titanium alloy), physical and mechanical property tables (Japanese)",
        "id": "ASTM F2066 R58150",
        "url": "https://www.totalmateria.com/ja/material/3247380",
        "kind": "database",
        "license": "totalmateria, cited not reproduced"
      }
    },
    {
      "benchmark": "ultimate_tensile_strength",
      "label": "Tensile strength, alpha plus beta initial state before processing",
      "value": 1017,
      "bound": "exact",
      "unit": "MPa",
      "scope": "material",
      "conditions": {
        "grade": "Ti-15Mo (ASTM F2066), research material",
        "condition": "alpha plus beta initial state, before ECAP-Conform and drawing",
        "basis": "printed as 1017 ± 10 MPa"
      },
      "method": "Measured tensile result in a 2022 open-access paper on Ti-15Mo; a research material, not a commercial product grade",
      "status": "ground",
      "uncertainty": "± 10 MPa",
      "source": "pmc-ti15mo",
      "where": "Mechanical Properties of the Alloy after ECAP-C and Drawing, results text; Table 2, alpha plus beta initial state row",
      "source_detail": {
        "title": "Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of beta-Titanium Ti-15Mo Alloy Produced by Combined Processing including ECAP-Conform and Drawing",
        "id": "doi:10.3390/ma15238666 (Materials 15(23), 8666; PMC9738178)",
        "url": "https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9738178/",
        "year": 2022,
        "kind": "paper",
        "license": "CC BY (open access, as listed by PMC)"
      }
    },
    {
      "benchmark": "elongation",
      "label": "Fracture elongation, alpha plus beta initial state",
      "value": 24,
      "bound": "exact",
      "unit": "%",
      "scope": "material",
      "conditions": {
        "grade": "Ti-15Mo (ASTM F2066), research material",
        "condition": "alpha plus beta initial state, before ECAP-Conform and drawing"
      },
      "method": "Measured elongation in a 2022 open-access paper on Ti-15Mo; a research material, not a commercial product grade",
      "status": "ground",
      "source": "pmc-ti15mo",
      "where": "Table 2, alpha plus beta initial state row, delta column",
      "source_detail": {
        "title": "Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of beta-Titanium Ti-15Mo Alloy Produced by Combined Processing including ECAP-Conform and Drawing",
        "id": "doi:10.3390/ma15238666 (Materials 15(23), 8666; PMC9738178)",
        "url": "https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9738178/",
        "year": 2022,
        "kind": "paper",
        "license": "CC BY (open access, as listed by PMC)"
      }
    },
    {
      "benchmark": "fatigue_strength",
      "label": "Fatigue limit, alpha plus beta initial state",
      "value": 500,
      "bound": "exact",
      "unit": "MPa",
      "scope": "material",
      "conditions": {
        "grade": "Ti-15Mo (ASTM F2066), research material",
        "condition": "alpha plus beta initial state",
        "test": "tension-compression fatigue, 10 million cycles (table header N = 10 7)"
      },
      "method": "Measured fatigue limit in a 2022 open-access paper on Ti-15Mo; a research material, not a commercial product grade",
      "status": "ground",
      "source": "pmc-ti15mo",
      "where": "Table 2, alpha plus beta initial state row, sigma -1 column; results text",
      "source_detail": {
        "title": "Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of beta-Titanium Ti-15Mo Alloy Produced by Combined Processing including ECAP-Conform and Drawing",
        "id": "doi:10.3390/ma15238666 (Materials 15(23), 8666; PMC9738178)",
        "url": "https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9738178/",
        "year": 2022,
        "kind": "paper",
        "license": "CC BY (open access, as listed by PMC)"
      }
    },
    {
      "benchmark": "ultimate_tensile_strength",
      "label": "Tensile strength after ECAP-Conform, drawing and annealing",
      "value": 1590,
      "bound": "exact",
      "unit": "MPa",
      "scope": "material",
      "conditions": {
        "grade": "Ti-15Mo (ASTM F2066), research material",
        "condition": "ultrafine-grained, ECAP-Conform and drawing, then annealed at 200 °C for 1 h",
        "basis": "printed as sigma uts = 1590 ± 30 MPa"
      },
      "method": "Measured tensile result in a 2022 open-access paper on Ti-15Mo; a research material, not a commercial product grade",
      "status": "ground",
      "uncertainty": "± 30 MPa",
      "source": "pmc-ti15mo",
      "where": "Results text after drawing and annealing; abstract, sigma uts = 1590 MPa",
      "source_detail": {
        "title": "Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of beta-Titanium Ti-15Mo Alloy Produced by Combined Processing including ECAP-Conform and Drawing",
        "id": "doi:10.3390/ma15238666 (Materials 15(23), 8666; PMC9738178)",
        "url": "https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9738178/",
        "year": 2022,
        "kind": "paper",
        "license": "CC BY (open access, as listed by PMC)"
      }
    },
    {
      "benchmark": "fatigue_strength",
      "label": "Fatigue limit after ECAP-Conform, drawing and annealing",
      "value": 710,
      "bound": "exact",
      "unit": "MPa",
      "scope": "material",
      "conditions": {
        "grade": "Ti-15Mo (ASTM F2066), research material",
        "condition": "ultrafine-grained, ECAP-Conform and drawing, then annealed at 200 °C for 1 h",
        "test": "tension-compression fatigue, 10 million cycles (table header N = 10 7)"
      },
      "method": "Measured fatigue limit in a 2022 open-access paper on Ti-15Mo; a research material, not a commercial product grade",
      "status": "ground",
      "uncertainty": "± 10 MPa",
      "source": "pmc-ti15mo",
      "where": "Results text, fatigue paragraph; Table 2, ultrafine-grained row",
      "source_detail": {
        "title": "Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of beta-Titanium Ti-15Mo Alloy Produced by Combined Processing including ECAP-Conform and Drawing",
        "id": "doi:10.3390/ma15238666 (Materials 15(23), 8666; PMC9738178)",
        "url": "https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9738178/",
        "year": 2022,
        "kind": "paper",
        "license": "CC BY (open access, as listed by PMC)"
      }
    },
    {
      "benchmark": "elongation",
      "label": "Fracture elongation after ECAP-Conform, drawing and annealing",
      "value": 10,
      "bound": "exact",
      "unit": "%",
      "scope": "material",
      "conditions": {
        "grade": "Ti-15Mo (ASTM F2066), research material",
        "condition": "ultrafine-grained, ECAP-Conform and drawing, then annealed at 200 °C for 1 h",
        "basis": "printed as delta = 10%"
      },
      "method": "Measured elongation in a 2022 open-access paper on Ti-15Mo; a research material, not a commercial product grade",
      "status": "ground",
      "source": "pmc-ti15mo",
      "where": "Abstract, sigma uts = 1590 MPa, delta = 10%",
      "source_detail": {
        "title": "Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of beta-Titanium Ti-15Mo Alloy Produced by Combined Processing including ECAP-Conform and Drawing",
        "id": "doi:10.3390/ma15238666 (Materials 15(23), 8666; PMC9738178)",
        "url": "https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9738178/",
        "year": 2022,
        "kind": "paper",
        "license": "CC BY (open access, as listed by PMC)"
      }
    },
    {
      "benchmark": "elastic_modulus",
      "label": "Elastic modulus range, Ti-15Mo review",
      "value": 60,
      "value_high": 80,
      "bound": "range",
      "unit": "GPa",
      "scope": "material",
      "conditions": {
        "grade": "Ti-15Mo (general, as the review states it)",
        "basis": "range printed in the review; no processing condition given"
      },
      "method": "Range stated in a 2026 review of Ti-15Mo fabrication, properties and applications",
      "status": "ground",
      "source": "colsurfb-review",
      "where": "Abstract, elastic modulus statement, 60-80 GPa",
      "source_detail": {
        "title": "Fabrication processes, properties, and applications of Ti-15Mo alloy",
        "id": "doi:10.1016/j.colsurfb.2025.115256 (PMID 41218301)",
        "url": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41218301/",
        "year": 2026,
        "kind": "paper",
        "license": "PubMed record, cited not reproduced"
      }
    },
    {
      "benchmark": "ultimate_tensile_strength",
      "label": "Tensile strength, Ti-15Mo review",
      "value": 900,
      "bound": "exact",
      "unit": "MPa",
      "scope": "material",
      "conditions": {
        "grade": "Ti-15Mo (general, as the review states it)",
        "basis": "approximate, printed as ∼900 MPa; no processing condition given"
      },
      "method": "Approximate value stated in a 2026 review of Ti-15Mo fabrication, properties and applications",
      "status": "ground",
      "source": "colsurfb-review",
      "where": "Abstract, tensile strength statement, about 900 MPa",
      "source_detail": {
        "title": "Fabrication processes, properties, and applications of Ti-15Mo alloy",
        "id": "doi:10.1016/j.colsurfb.2025.115256 (PMID 41218301)",
        "url": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41218301/",
        "year": 2026,
        "kind": "paper",
        "license": "PubMed record, cited not reproduced"
      }
    }
  ],
  "corrosion": [
    {
      "environment": "Phosphate buffered saline solution",
      "headline": "ATI reports better corrosion resistance in phosphate buffered saline than Ti-6Al-4V ELI and Ti-6Al-7Nb.",
      "effect": "ATI states that ATI 15Mo alloys and ATI CP titanium exhibit better corrosion resistance in phosphate buffered saline solutions than ATI Ti-6Al-4V ELI and ATI Ti-6Al-7Nb. The data sheet gives no corrosion rate or test duration.",
      "rating": "low",
      "conditions": {
        "basis": "qualitative comparison in the manufacturer data sheet; no measured rate printed"
      },
      "source": "ati-datasheet",
      "where": "CORROSION RESISTANCE AND BIOCOMPATIBILITY section, first paragraph"
    },
    {
      "environment": "Anodic polarization test in a corrosive test environment",
      "headline": "Anodic polarization ranks ATI 15Mo above CP Ti-4, Ti-6Al-4V ELI and Ti-6Al-7Nb in one test.",
      "effect": "ATI says anodic polarization measurements show that ATI 15Mo performs better in a test corrosive environment than ATI Ti CP-4, ATI Ti-6Al-4V ELI and ATI Ti-6Al-7Nb. The environment is not named on the data sheet.",
      "rating": "low",
      "conditions": {
        "basis": "manufacturer statement; environment and test details not printed"
      },
      "source": "ati-datasheet",
      "where": "CORROSION RESISTANCE AND BIOCOMPATIBILITY section, final sentence"
    },
    {
      "environment": "Stress corrosion cracking test at a medical centre",
      "headline": "No stress corrosion cracking was seen under the conditions tested.",
      "effect": "ATI reports that ATI 15Mo alloys, in both the beta and alpha plus beta annealed conditions, are not susceptible to stress corrosion cracking under the conditions tested at the University of Mississippi Medical Center.",
      "rating": "none",
      "conditions": {
        "basis": "only the conditions tested at the medical centre; those conditions are not printed on the data sheet"
      },
      "source": "ati-datasheet",
      "where": "STRESS CORROSION CRACKING (SCC) RESISTANCE section"
    },
    {
      "environment": "Corrosion fatigue in Ringer's solution at 37 °C",
      "headline": "Notched fatigue run-out falls to 250 to 300 MPa in Ringer's solution, against 800 MPa for smooth specimens.",
      "effect": "ATI reports that the micrograined alpha plus beta aged alloy had a smooth-specimen fatigue run-out limit of 800 MPa in Ringer's solution and a notched run-out limit between 250 MPa and 300 MPa in the same solution.",
      "rating": "moderate",
      "conditions": {
        "environment": "aerated Ringer's solution, 37 °C",
        "test": "tension-tension, R = 0.053, following ASTM F1801"
      },
      "source": "ati-datasheet",
      "where": "Micrograined ATI 15Mo alloy stress corrosion cracking and fatigue strength section"
    }
  ],
  "risks": {
    "hazards": [
      {
        "text": "PubChem's titanium record (CID 23963) lists H228 Flammable solid, H250 Catches fire spontaneously if exposed to air, and H251 Self-heating; may catch fire, from the NITE-CMC entry. The ECHA entry reads Not Classified. These codes describe the element titanium, not Ti-15Mo, and no safety data sheet for Ti-15Mo was read.",
        "ghs": [
          "H228: Flammable solid",
          "H250: Catches fire spontaneously if exposed to air",
          "H251: Self-heating; may catch fire"
        ],
        "source": "pubchem-ti",
        "where": "Safety and Hazards, GHS Classification (NITE-CMC and ECHA C&L entries, compound 23963)"
      },
      {
        "text": "No hazard classification or hazard statement for bulk Ti-15Mo was found in the manufacturer data sheet read for this profile; the data sheet contains no hazard section.",
        "ghs": [],
        "source": "ati-datasheet",
        "where": "Whole document read; no hazard or safety section printed"
      }
    ],
    "failure_risks": [
      {
        "mode": "Embrittling omega phase after heat treatment",
        "trigger": "Cooling from temperatures near or above the beta transus, which ATI prints as 774 °C",
        "consequence": "The embrittling omega phase forms during cooling. ATI says rapid cooling (beta annealed) or slow cooling (alpha plus beta) is needed to avoid it.",
        "severity": "moderate",
        "source": "ati-datasheet",
        "where": "HEAT TREATMENT section, paragraph on the omega phase"
      },
      {
        "mode": "Stress-induced omega phase",
        "trigger": "Deformation of a solution-treated metastable beta alloy",
        "consequence": "The 2022 paper states that stress-induced omega phase precipitates embrittle the alloy, which is why the processing route matters for this material.",
        "severity": "moderate",
        "source": "pmc-ti15mo",
        "where": "Introduction, paragraph on severe plastic deformation of metastable beta alloys"
      },
      {
        "mode": "Notched fatigue",
        "trigger": "Cyclic load on a notched part in Ringer's solution at 37 °C",
        "consequence": "Notched run-out limit of 250 to 300 MPa, against 800 MPa for a smooth specimen in the same solution, per ATI.",
        "severity": "moderate",
        "source": "ati-datasheet",
        "where": "Micrograined ATI 15Mo alloy stress corrosion cracking and fatigue strength section"
      },
      {
        "mode": "Loss of ductility from interstitial pick-up",
        "trigger": "Improper pickling, or pick-up of hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen or carbon during forging, heat treating, grinding or machining",
        "consequence": "ATI says the reduction in ductility can adversely affect notch sensitivity and forming characteristics.",
        "severity": "moderate",
        "source": "ati-datasheet",
        "where": "SPECIAL PRECAUTIONS section"
      }
    ],
    "side_effects": [],
    "handling": [
      {
        "text": "Anneal at 1,475 to 1,800 °F (802 to 982 °C) for 0.5 to 1 hour. Beta annealed material is rapidly quenched to below 1,025 °F (552 °C); alpha plus beta material is slow cooled to below 1,025 °F (552 °C).",
        "source": "ati-datasheet",
        "where": "HEAT TREATMENT section, Beta Annealed and alpha plus beta anneal steps"
      },
      {
        "text": "Age the alpha plus beta condition at 1,000 to 1,200 °F (538 to 649 °C) for more than 4 hours, then air cool. ATI says other ageing routes for the micrograined condition need to be agreed with ATI.",
        "source": "ati-datasheet",
        "where": "HEAT TREATMENT section, below the beta transus anneal step, and the micrograined note"
      },
      {
        "text": "Forge above the beta transus from above 1,500 °F (816 °C), or below it from 1,200 to 1,375 °F (649 to 746 °C). An immediate water quench limits omega phase in thin sections.",
        "source": "ati-datasheet",
        "where": "FORGEABILITY/FORMABILITY section"
      },
      {
        "text": "Machine with new, sharp tools at higher feed rates and lower speeds, with large amounts of non-chlorinated cutting fluid. Avoid hydrogen, oxygen and nitrogen pick-up at exposed surfaces during machining, cutting or grinding.",
        "source": "ati-datasheet",
        "where": "MACHINABILITY section"
      }
    ],
    "mitigations": [
      {
        "text": "Quench the beta annealed condition rapidly, or cool the alpha plus beta condition slowly, to avoid omega embrittlement.",
        "source": "ati-datasheet",
        "where": "HEAT TREATMENT section, final sentence"
      }
    ]
  },
  "uses": [
    {
      "application": "structures",
      "device": "Orthopedic, trauma and spinal implants",
      "example": "ATI says the alloy is manufactured as bar, rod and wire primarily for orthopedic, trauma and spinal applications.",
      "source": "ati-datasheet",
      "where": "INTRODUCTION section"
    },
    {
      "application": "structures",
      "device": "Dental, orthodontic and cardiovascular implants",
      "example": "ATI lists dental, orthodontic and cardiovascular applications for the same product forms.",
      "source": "ati-datasheet",
      "where": "INTRODUCTION section"
    }
  ],
  "supply": [
    {
      "subject": "Titanium sponge (feedstock for titanium alloys such as Ti-15Mo)",
      "abundance": "Not read in this run",
      "producers": [
        {
          "country": "China",
          "share_percent": 70.3,
          "year": 2025
        },
        {
          "country": "Japan",
          "share_percent": 14.3,
          "year": 2025
        },
        {
          "country": "Russia",
          "share_percent": 6.8,
          "year": 2025
        },
        {
          "country": "Kazakhstan",
          "share_percent": 4.3,
          "year": 2025
        },
        {
          "country": "Saudi Arabia",
          "share_percent": 3.2,
          "year": 2025
        }
      ],
      "critical_lists": [],
      "substitutes": [],
      "source": "usgs-ti-2026",
      "where": "World Sponge Metal Production table, 2025 column; shares computed from 260,000 t of 370,000 t (China) and the other printed country values, rounded world total"
    },
    {
      "subject": "Molybdenum (alloying element, 14 to 16 % of Ti-15Mo)",
      "producers": [
        {
          "country": "China",
          "share_percent": 37.3,
          "year": 2025
        },
        {
          "country": "Chile",
          "share_percent": 16.2,
          "year": 2025
        },
        {
          "country": "United States",
          "share_percent": 15.4,
          "year": 2025
        },
        {
          "country": "Peru",
          "share_percent": 15,
          "year": 2025
        },
        {
          "country": "Mexico",
          "share_percent": 6.5,
          "year": 2025
        }
      ],
      "critical_lists": [],
      "substitutes": [],
      "source": "usgs-mo-2026",
      "where": "World Mine Production and Reserves table, 2025e column; shares computed from 97,000 t of 260,000 t (China) and the other printed country values, rounded world total"
    }
  ],
  "media": [],
  "documents": [
    {
      "title": "ATI 15Mo Titanium Alloy technical data sheet, Version 2 (4/23/2014)",
      "type": "datasheet",
      "url": "https://www.atimaterials.com/Products/Documents/datasheets/titanium/alloyed/ati_15Mo_Titanium_Alloy_en_v4%20final.pdf",
      "year": 2014
    },
    {
      "title": "ATI 15Mo product page",
      "type": "datasheet",
      "url": "https://www.atimaterials.com/products/pages/ati-ti-15mo.aspx"
    },
    {
      "title": "Bibus Metals: Titanium Ti-15Mo (UNS R58150, ASTM F 2066)",
      "type": "datasheet",
      "url": "https://metals.bibus.com/ch-en/products/itm/titanium-ti-15Mo/"
    },
    {
      "title": "totalmateria: ASTM F2066 R58150 titanium alloy data (Japanese)",
      "type": "database",
      "url": "https://www.totalmateria.com/ja/material/3247380"
    },
    {
      "title": "Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of Ti-15Mo Alloy Produced by Combined Processing including ECAP-Conform and Drawing (Materials, 2022, open access)",
      "type": "paper",
      "url": "https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9738178/",
      "year": 2022
    },
    {
      "title": "Fabrication processes, properties, and applications of Ti-15Mo alloy (Colloids and Surfaces B, review, 2026)",
      "type": "paper",
      "url": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41218301/",
      "year": 2026
    },
    {
      "title": "PubChem: titanium (CID 23963), GHS classification",
      "type": "database",
      "url": "https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/23963"
    },
    {
      "title": "USGS Mineral Commodity Summaries 2026: Titanium and Titanium Dioxide",
      "type": "report",
      "url": "https://pubs.usgs.gov/periodicals/mcs2026/mcs2026-titanium.pdf",
      "year": 2026
    },
    {
      "title": "USGS Mineral Commodity Summaries 2026: Molybdenum",
      "type": "report",
      "url": "https://pubs.usgs.gov/periodicals/mcs2026/mcs2026-molybdenum.pdf",
      "year": 2026
    }
  ],
  "gaps": [
    "No flight, vacuum, outgassing, radiation or atomic-oxygen result for Ti-15Mo was found. A search of spacecraft and aerospace use returned no source for the alloy itself, so the profile has no space application entry.",
    "No EN, AMS, DIN or JIS designation for UNS R58150 was printed on any page read. Only UNS R58150, ASTM F 2066 and the ATI 15Mo trade name are listed.",
    "The ATI product page composition table is ambiguous in the extracted text, so composition is taken from the Bibus page (Mo 14 to 16 %, maximum values for the other elements), and the 15 % nominal figure from the ATI reference title.",
    "The ATI datasheet is Version 2 dated 4/23/2014 and says its data are typical. The current ASTM F 2066 standard (the totalmateria page names a 2023 revision) and any later ATI revision were not read.",
    "No seawater, body-fluid or long-term corrosion rate for Ti-15Mo was found. Corrosion entries are qualitative statements from the manufacturer or numbers from fatigue tests in Ringer's solution.",
    "Thermal conductivity, specific heat, thermal expansion, Poisson's ratio, creep and radiation tolerance for Ti-15Mo were not found in the sources read.",
    "Titanium and molybdenum shares are computed from USGS 2025 production tables. The crustal abundance of titanium and the USGS critical-mineral status of titanium were not read in this run.",
    "No Ti-15Mo safety data sheet was read. The hazard entry uses the PubChem titanium record, which describes the element, not this alloy.",
    "The 2022 paper's tensile and fatigue values come from ECAP-Conform and drawing processing on a research material, not a commercial grade. They are kept only with that condition printed.",
    "Property names beta_transus and hardness are not in spores/property-canon.yaml, so they are used as short snake_case names."
  ],
  "story": {
    "why": "Ti-15Mo is a metastable beta titanium alloy, specified as UNS R58150 under ASTM F 2066. Metastable means it has enough molybdenum to keep the body-centred cubic beta phase when quenched from high temperature. ATI says its elastic modulus is about two-thirds that of ATI Ti-6Al-4V, and that its ductility and corrosion fatigue properties are better in the beta annealed condition. The alloy is made as bar, rod and wire for orthopedic, trauma, spinal, dental, orthodontic and cardiovascular applications. The sources read for this profile report no space or aerospace use of the alloy itself.",
    "uses": [
      {
        "where": "Orthopedic, trauma and spinal implants",
        "line": "ATI's data sheet says the alloy is manufactured as bar, rod and wire primarily for orthopedic, trauma and spinal applications."
      },
      {
        "where": "Dental, orthodontic and cardiovascular implants",
        "line": "The same data sheet lists dental, orthodontic and cardiovascular applications for those product forms."
      },
      {
        "where": "Space and aerospace",
        "line": "No space or aerospace part made from Ti-15Mo was found in the sources read. The USGS says most titanium metal goes to aerospace, but that statement covers titanium metal as a whole."
      }
    ],
    "can_do": [
      {
        "label": "Stiffness",
        "line": "ATI gives an elastic modulus of 78 GPa for the beta annealed condition, 106 GPa for alpha plus beta annealed, and 114 GPa for micrograined alpha plus beta aged. The beta annealed value is about two-thirds of the modulus of ATI Ti-6Al-4V, as the data sheet states.",
        "benchmark": "elastic_modulus",
        "scope": "material",
        "value": "78 GPa (beta annealed)"
      },
      {
        "label": "Strength",
        "line": "ATI's ASTM F 2066 minimum tensile strength is 690 MPa for the beta annealed condition and 1150 MPa for alpha plus beta annealed and aged. A 2022 paper reached 1590 MPa with ultrafine-grained processing, a research condition and not a commercial grade.",
        "benchmark": "ultimate_tensile_strength",
        "scope": "material",
        "value": "690 MPa minimum (beta annealed)"
      },
      {
        "label": "Ductility",
        "line": "The beta annealed condition has a 20 % minimum elongation in ATI's specification table, against 10 % for the alpha plus beta conditions. The totalmateria database page prints a standard minimum of 10 %, so the two sources are shown side by side.",
        "benchmark": "elongation",
        "scope": "material",
        "value": "20 % minimum (beta annealed)"
      },
      {
        "label": "Fatigue",
        "line": "In Ringer's solution at 37 °C, ATI reports a smooth-specimen fatigue run-out limit of 800 MPa and a notched run-out limit of 250 to 300 MPa for the micrograined alpha plus beta aged alloy.",
        "benchmark": "fatigue_strength",
        "scope": "material",
        "value": "800 MPa smooth, 250 to 300 MPa notched (Ringer's)"
      }
    ],
    "compare": "Ti-15Mo is a low-stiffness titanium alloy. Its beta annealed modulus of 78 GPa is below the 106 and 114 GPa of ATI's other two conditions, and below the 80 to 130 GPa range printed on the database page for the standard. The ATI data sheet compares it with ATI Ti-6Al-4V and ATI Ti-6Al-7Nb: the beta annealed modulus is about two-thirds of Ti-6Al-4V, and the data sheet says ATI 15Mo has better ductility and superior notch sensitivity resistance than the alpha-beta alloys it names. No space or flight comparison was found, so the table compares the alloy only on its own properties.",
    "compare_rows": [
      {
        "label": "Stiffness (elastic modulus",
        "benchmark": "elastic_modulus",
        "scope": "material"
      },
      {
        "label": "Density",
        "benchmark": "density",
        "scope": "material"
      },
      {
        "label": "Tensile strength (ASTM F 2066 minimum",
        "benchmark": "ultimate_tensile_strength",
        "scope": "material"
      }
    ],
    "handling": [
      "Anneal at 1,475 to 1,800 °F (802 to 982 °C) for 0.5 to 1 hour, then quench (beta annealed) or slow cool (alpha plus beta), per ATI.",
      "Age the alpha plus beta condition at 1,000 to 1,200 °F (538 to 649 °C) for more than 4 hours, then air cool, per ATI.",
      "Avoid hydrogen, oxygen and nitrogen pick-up during pickling, forging, heat treating, grinding and machining.",
      "Expect springback in forming and machining in the beta annealed condition, because of its low modulus and high ductility."
    ],
    "good_for": [
      "Low stiffness: 78 GPa in the beta annealed condition, against 106 and 114 GPa for the other two ATI conditions.",
      "High strength after ageing: at least 1150 MPa tensile in the alpha plus beta annealed and aged condition, per ATI."
    ],
    "watch_out": [
      "Omega-phase embrittlement during cooling, so the heat treatment route must match the condition.",
      "Notched fatigue: run-out of 250 to 300 MPa in Ringer's solution, against 800 MPa for smooth specimens.",
      "The strength values are from a 2014 manufacturer data sheet and a standard page; the current ASTM F 2066 revision was not read.",
      "No flight, vacuum or radiation data were found for this alloy."
    ],
    "verdict": "Ti-15Mo is a low-stiffness beta titanium alloy with good ductility in the beta annealed condition and high strength after ageing. The sources read for this profile give terrestrial data only, so flight suitability is not established.",
    "recipe": {
      "line": "Ti-15Mo is a titanium alloy with about 15 percent molybdenum by weight. Bibus prints 14 to 16 percent Mo, and the ATI reference title reads Titanium-15% Molybdenum. ATI melts it in a plasma arc furnace and re-melts it in a vacuum arc (VAR) furnace to limit molybdenum segregation. Iron, carbon, oxygen, nitrogen and hydrogen are kept as low maximum impurities in the Bibus specification.",
      "parts": [
        {
          "name": "Titanium",
          "symbol": "Ti",
          "role": "The matrix metal. Titanium with the molybdenum forms the metastable body-centred cubic beta phase when quenched from the solution treatment.",
          "share_note": "balance",
          "source": "bibus-ti15mo",
          "where": "Chemical composition table, Ti row, Balance"
        },
        {
          "name": "Molybdenum",
          "symbol": "Mo",
          "role": "Beta stabiliser. It keeps the beta phase when the alloy is quenched, which makes the alloy metastable.",
          "share_percent": 14,
          "share_high": 16,
          "source": "bibus-ti15mo",
          "where": "Chemical composition table, Mo row"
        }
      ]
    },
    "risk_groups": [
      {
        "title": "For people",
        "lead": "No safety data sheet for Ti-15Mo was read. The hazard codes available describe the element titanium, not this alloy.",
        "points": [
          {
            "label": "The alloy",
            "line": "PubChem's titanium record lists H228, H250 and H251 from one notification, and Not Classified from the ECHA entry. Those codes describe titanium as a substance, not the bulk Ti-15Mo bar."
          },
          {
            "label": "Machining",
            "line": "ATI advises irrigating the tooling and workpiece with large amounts of non-chlorinated cutting fluid."
          }
        ],
        "level": 0,
        "verdict": "No hazard class found for the bulk alloy"
      },
      {
        "title": "If the part overheats in processing",
        "lead": "These results come from the manufacturer and from a 2022 paper on the same alloy, not from field incidents.",
        "points": [
          {
            "label": "Omega phase",
            "line": "The embrittling omega phase forms on cooling from near or above the beta transus, which ATI prints as 774 °C. Rapid cooling or slow cooling is used to avoid it, depending on the condition."
          },
          {
            "label": "Stress-induced omega",
            "line": "The 2022 paper states that stress-induced omega phase precipitates embrittle the alloy when it is deformed after solution treatment."
          }
        ]
      },
      {
        "title": "Handling and storage",
        "points": [
          {
            "label": "Pick-up",
            "line": "ATI warns to avoid hydrogen, oxygen and nitrogen pick-up at exposed surfaces during machining, cutting and grinding, and during improper pickling."
          },
          {
            "label": "Heat treatment",
            "line": "Anneal at 1,475 to 1,800 °F (802 to 982 °C) for 0.5 to 1 hour, then quench or slow cool depending on the condition, as ATI sets out."
          }
        ],
        "verdict": "Keep out hydrogen, oxygen and nitrogen"
      }
    ]
  },
  "updated": "2026-11-01",
  "review": {
    "status": "draft",
    "method": "assistant",
    "checked_values": 33,
    "unreachable": 0,
    "caveats": 2,
    "note": "Written by an AI assistant on 2026-11-01 from pages fetched in this run: the ATI data sheet, the ATI product page, Bibus, totalmateria, the 2022 Materials paper (PMC copy), the 2026 review, PubChem and the USGS 2026 summaries."
  },
  "sources": {
    "ati-datasheet": {
      "title": "ATI 15Mo Titanium Alloy Technical Data Sheet, Version 2 (4/23/2014)",
      "id": "ATI 15Mo (UNS R58150)",
      "url": "https://www.atimaterials.com/Products/Documents/datasheets/titanium/alloyed/ati_15Mo_Titanium_Alloy_en_v4%20final.pdf",
      "year": 2014,
      "kind": "datasheet",
      "license": "ATI data sheet, cited not reproduced"
    },
    "ati-web": {
      "title": "ATI 15Mo product page",
      "id": "ATI 15Mo (UNS R58150)",
      "url": "https://www.atimaterials.com/products/pages/ati-ti-15mo.aspx",
      "kind": "datasheet",
      "license": "ATI web page, cited not reproduced"
    },
    "bibus-ti15mo": {
      "title": "Bibus Metals: Titanium Ti-15Mo, chemical composition, density and designations",
      "id": "UNS R58150, ASTM F 2066",
      "url": "https://metals.bibus.com/ch-en/products/itm/titanium-ti-15Mo/",
      "kind": "datasheet",
      "license": "Bibus product page, cited not reproduced"
    },
    "totalmateria-f2066": {
      "title": "totalmateria: ASTM F2066 R58150 (titanium alloy), physical and mechanical property tables (Japanese)",
      "id": "ASTM F2066 R58150",
      "url": "https://www.totalmateria.com/ja/material/3247380",
      "kind": "database",
      "license": "totalmateria, cited not reproduced"
    },
    "pmc-ti15mo": {
      "title": "Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of beta-Titanium Ti-15Mo Alloy Produced by Combined Processing including ECAP-Conform and Drawing",
      "id": "doi:10.3390/ma15238666 (Materials 15(23), 8666; PMC9738178)",
      "url": "https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9738178/",
      "year": 2022,
      "kind": "paper",
      "license": "CC BY (open access, as listed by PMC)"
    },
    "colsurfb-review": {
      "title": "Fabrication processes, properties, and applications of Ti-15Mo alloy",
      "id": "doi:10.1016/j.colsurfb.2025.115256 (PMID 41218301)",
      "url": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41218301/",
      "year": 2026,
      "kind": "paper",
      "license": "PubMed record, cited not reproduced"
    },
    "pubchem-ti": {
      "title": "PubChem: titanium (CID 23963), GHS classification from NITE-CMC and ECHA C&L",
      "id": "CID 23963",
      "url": "https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/23963",
      "kind": "database",
      "license": "PubChem, public domain record"
    },
    "usgs-ti-2026": {
      "title": "USGS Mineral Commodity Summaries 2026: Titanium and Titanium Dioxide",
      "id": "USGS MCS 2026",
      "url": "https://pubs.usgs.gov/periodicals/mcs2026/mcs2026-titanium.pdf",
      "year": 2026,
      "kind": "report",
      "license": "US Government work, public domain"
    },
    "usgs-mo-2026": {
      "title": "USGS Mineral Commodity Summaries 2026: Molybdenum",
      "id": "USGS MCS 2026",
      "url": "https://pubs.usgs.gov/periodicals/mcs2026/mcs2026-molybdenum.pdf",
      "year": 2026,
      "kind": "report",
      "license": "US Government work, public domain"
    }
  },
  "license": "CC-BY-4.0",
  "url": "https://spacemushroom.com/profiles/titanium-15mo/"
}