Copper titanium C1990 Cu-3Ti
Cu-3Ti: copper with 3.0 wt% titanium, balance copper (JX standard composition)
Also known as UNS C19900, C1990, C1990-GSH
Copper titanium C1990 is a copper alloy with 3.0 wt% titanium, sold by JX Advanced Metals as the C1990(HP) alloy and as C1990-GSH(HP) foil.
Evidence level
2 of 5
Lab-measured
- 0Predicted only. No one has made it, or no measurement exists.
- 1Calculated. Only calculated or predicted values from sources.
- 2Lab-measured. Measured properties with their conditions stated.
- 3Space-relevant tests. Measured in conditions relevant to space, such as vacuum or atomic oxygen.
- 4Ground-qualified. Qualified for an application on the ground.
- 5Flown or field-proven. Flight or field results exist.
Carry current
12 %IACS (alloy) and 8 %IACS (foil)
Carry heat
54 W/mK (alloy) and 39 W/mK (foil)
Strength in the EH temper
885 to 1080 MPa tensile specification range
Foil strength
1400 MPa typical tensile strength
Stiffness
127 GPa
Recipe, share of the weight
- Cu balance (remainder), per the JX composition tableCopper
- Ti 3%Titanium
Best for
High-strength spring parts that must bend: connectors, switches, relays and autofocus camera-module springs, as JX Advanced Metals lists them
Weakest at
Electrical conduction (8 to 12 %IACS at 20 °C) and stretch in the hardest temper (3.0 % typical elongation in ESH)
Risk at a glance
- People None found. Element data only, not the alloy
- If it fails Moderate. Little stretch in the ESH temper
- Corrosion No data. No corrosion data recorded
Quick facts: Cu-3Ti
| Property | Value | Basis |
|---|---|---|
| Density | 8.7 | 2 sourced values across conditions |
| Yield strength | 860 to 1,390 MPa | 4 sourced values across conditions |
| Tensile strength | 885 to 1,400 MPa | 4 sourced values across conditions |
| Young's modulus | 127 GPa | 2 sourced values across conditions |
| Thermal conductivity | 39 to 54 W/(m·K) | 2 sourced values across conditions |
| Thermal expansion (CTE) | 18.6 ppm/K | 2 sourced values across conditions |
| Electrical resistivity | 144 to 216 nΩ·m | 2 sourced values across conditions |
What is the density of Copper titanium C1990 (Cu-3Ti)?
Copper titanium C1990 (Cu-3Ti) has a density of 8.7. The range covers 2 sourced values across the tempers, forms and test conditions the sources report; room-temperature values are used where a source states a temperature.
What is the thermal conductivity of Copper titanium C1990 (Cu-3Ti)?
Copper titanium C1990 (Cu-3Ti) has a thermal conductivity of 39 to 54 W/(m·K). The range covers 2 sourced values across the tempers, forms and test conditions the sources report; room-temperature values are used where a source states a temperature.
What is the coefficient of thermal expansion of Copper titanium C1990 (Cu-3Ti)?
Copper titanium C1990 (Cu-3Ti) has a coefficient of thermal expansion of 18.6 ppm/K. The range covers 2 sourced values across the tempers, forms and test conditions the sources report; room-temperature values are used where a source states a temperature.
What is the yield strength of Copper titanium C1990 (Cu-3Ti)?
Copper titanium C1990 (Cu-3Ti) has a yield strength of 860 to 1,390 MPa. The range covers 4 sourced values across the tempers, forms and test conditions the sources report; room-temperature values are used where a source states a temperature.
What is the tensile strength of Copper titanium C1990 (Cu-3Ti)?
Copper titanium C1990 (Cu-3Ti) has a tensile strength of 885 to 1,400 MPa. The range covers 4 sourced values across the tempers, forms and test conditions the sources report; room-temperature values are used where a source states a temperature.
What are the other names and codes for Copper titanium C1990 (Cu-3Ti)?
Copper titanium C1990 (Cu-3Ti) is also written as UNS C19900, C1990, C1990-GSH. Each code is printed in the source listed beside it in the designations table.
What is Copper titanium C1990 (Cu-3Ti) used for?
Uses recorded in the sources include Switches, connectors and relays; Spring in autofocus camera modules for mobile phones; Spring contacts in place of beryllium copper.
Why it exists
Copper titanium C1990 (Cu-3Ti) is a copper alloy with 3.0 wt% titanium that JX Advanced Metals makes as the C1990(HP) alloy and as C1990-GSH(HP) foil. The product page for C1990(HP) gives a tensile specification range of 885 to 1080 MPa in the EH temper, and the foil page gives a typical tensile strength of 1400 MPa. Electrical conductivity is 12 %IACS for the alloy and 8 %IACS for the foil, both at 20 °C. JX lists its uses as connectors, switches, relays and autofocus camera-module springs, and says it can replace beryllium copper in springs. The price of that strength is low conduction and little stretch: the hardest temper, ESH, has a typical elongation of 3.0 %.
Where it's used
Connectors, switches and relays
JX lists high-end switches, connectors, relays and other electronic parts as the intended uses of C1990(HP).
Autofocus camera modules
JX lists the C1990-GSH(HP) foil as the spring material in autofocus camera modules for mobile phones.
Replacement for beryllium copper
JX says the alloy can be used in place of beryllium copper, and that its properties equal or exceed those of mill-hardened beryllium copper.
Recipe
Cu-3Ti: copper with 3.0 wt% titanium, balance copper (JX standard composition)
C1990 is a copper alloy in which titanium is the only named alloying element. Copper is the balance, and titanium is 3.0 wt% in the standard composition (JX Table 1). JX says all production steps for its foil run from metal melting to product-width slitting at its Kurami Works.
| Ingredient | Share of the weight | What it does |
|---|---|---|
| Copper Cu | balance (remainder), per the JX composition table | The matrix of the alloy. The composition table gives copper as the remainder. |
| Titanium Ti | 3% | The main additive element. JX describes titanium as the additive that gives the copper its high strength and springiness. |
Weight shares are as printed in the sources.
What it can do
Carry current
12 %IACS (alloy) and 8 %IACS (foil)
Electrical conductivity at 20 °C is 12 %IACS for C1990(HP) and 8 %IACS for C1990-GSH(HP). Specific resistivity is 144 nΩ·m for the alloy and 216 nΩ·m for the foil.
Carry heat
54 W/mK (alloy) and 39 W/mK (foil)
Thermal conductivity is 54 W/mK for C1990(HP) and 39 W/mK for C1990-GSH(HP). Neither page prints a test temperature.
Strength in the EH temper
885 to 1080 MPa tensile specification range
In the EH temper, C1990(HP) has a tensile specification range of 885 to 1080 MPa and a typical yield strength of 860 MPa. Yield strength is the stress at which the metal starts to deform permanently.
Foil strength
1400 MPa typical tensile strength
The C1990-GSH(HP) foil has a typical tensile strength of 1400 MPa, with a specification range of 1300 to 1600 MPa, and a typical yield strength of 1390 MPa.
Stiffness
127 GPa
The modulus of elasticity, which measures how strongly the metal resists stretching, is 127 GPa for both products.
Expansion
18.6 ppm/K
The linear expansion coefficient is 18.6 ppm/K between 20 and 300 °C for both products.
How it compares
JX states that C1990(HP) equals or exceeds mill-hardened beryllium copper, but no beryllium copper values were read, so no comparison number is given. Within this profile the alloy conducts better than the foil (12 %IACS against 8 %IACS, and 54 W/mK against 39 W/mK), while the foil is stronger (1400 MPa typical tensile strength, against an 885 to 1080 MPa specification range for the EH temper of the alloy). These are two products of one composition, so read the rows as a comparison between the two forms, not as a ranking of materials.
The same measurements for each material, so you can compare them. Each row names the key condition under the value; the full conditions and methods are in the numbered notes under Technical details. Other materials are shown beside it; each was measured under its own conditions, so open its page before comparing closely. Compare every grade in the family.
| Measurement | Cu-3Ti | Cu | C360 | C954 | C630 | BeCu | C510 | C260 | Cu-Ag | CuCrZr | CuNi 70/30 | C21000 | CW614N | C75200 | C521 | C655 | Cu-Te | Sn/Cu |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Thermal behavior and safety | ||||||||||||||||||
| Thermal conductivity, C1990(HP) | 54 W/mK3 | 391 W/(m·K) | 116 W/(m·K) | 58.7 W/(m·K) | 63 W/(m·K) | 105 W/(m·K) | 84 W/(m·K) | 121.2 W/(m·K) | no data | 323 W/(m·K) | 29 W/(m·K) | 234 W/(m·K) | 123 W/(m·K) | 32 W/(m·K) | 67 W/(m·K) | 36.3 W/(m.K) | 355 W/(m·K) | 66.6 W/(m·K) |
| Thermal conductivity, C1990-GSH(HP) foil | 39 W/mK22 | 391 W/(m·K) | 116 W/(m·K) | 58.7 W/(m·K) | 63 W/(m·K) | 105 W/(m·K) | 84 W/(m·K) | 121.2 W/(m·K) | no data | 323 W/(m·K) | 29 W/(m·K) | 234 W/(m·K) | 123 W/(m·K) | 32 W/(m·K) | 67 W/(m·K) | 36.3 W/(m.K) | 355 W/(m·K) | 66.6 W/(m·K) |
| Physical and electrical | ||||||||||||||||||
| Electrical conductivity, C1990(HP) | 12 %IACS1 | 58 MS/m | 26 %IACS | 13 %IACS | 7 %IACS | 25 to 30 %IACS | 15 %IACS | 28 %IACS | > 58 MS/m | > 46.4 MS/m | no data | 56 %IACS | 25 %IACS | 6 %IACS | 13 %IACS | 7 %IACS | 93 %IACS | 58 MS/m |
| Specific resistivity, C1990(HP) | 144 nΩ·m2 | no data | 6.63 µΩ·cm | 13.33 µΩ·cm | 0.172 µΩ·m | 5.8 to 6.9 μΩ-cm | 8.7×10^-6 ohm·cm | 6.15 µΩ·cm | no data | no data | 37.4 µΩ·cm | 3.08 µΩ·cm | no data | no data | no data | 24.6 microohm-cm | no data | 11.5 µΩ·cm |
| Vickers hardness, C1990(HP), EH temper | 300 Hv11 | no data | no data | no data | no data | no data | no data | no data | no data | no data | no data | no data | no data | no data | no data | no data | no data | no data |
| Vickers hardness, C1990(HP), SH temper | 320 Hv15 | no data | no data | no data | no data | no data | no data | no data | no data | no data | no data | no data | no data | no data | no data | no data | no data | no data |
| Vickers hardness, C1990(HP), ESH temper | 340 Hv19 | no data | no data | no data | no data | no data | no data | no data | no data | no data | no data | no data | no data | no data | no data | no data | no data | no data |
| Electrical conductivity, C1990-GSH(HP) foil | 8 %IACS20 | 58 MS/m | 26 %IACS | 13 %IACS | 7 %IACS | 25 to 30 %IACS | 15 %IACS | 28 %IACS | > 58 MS/m | > 46.4 MS/m | no data | 56 %IACS | 25 %IACS | 6 %IACS | 13 %IACS | 7 %IACS | 93 %IACS | 58 MS/m |
| Specific resistivity, C1990-GSH(HP) foil | 216 nΩ·m21 | no data | 6.63 µΩ·cm | 13.33 µΩ·cm | 0.172 µΩ·m | 5.8 to 6.9 μΩ-cm | 8.7×10^-6 ohm·cm | 6.15 µΩ·cm | no data | no data | 37.4 µΩ·cm | 3.08 µΩ·cm | no data | no data | no data | 24.6 microohm-cm | no data | 11.5 µΩ·cm |
| Vickers hardness, C1990-GSH(HP) foil | 400 Hv29 | no data | no data | no data | no data | no data | no data | no data | no data | no data | no data | no data | no data | no data | no data | no data | no data | no data |
| Manufacturable foil thickness, C1990-GSH(HP) | 30 to 100 µm30 | no data | no data | no data | no data | no data | no data | no data | no data | no data | no data | no data | no data | no data | no data | no data | no data | no data |
| Other measurements | ||||||||||||||||||
| Linear expansion coefficient, C1990(HP) | 18.6 ppm/K4 | 17.6 ppm/K | 20.5 ppm/K | 16.2 ppm/K | 15 ppm/K | 17.5 ppm/K | 17.8 µm/(m·°C) | 20 ppm/K | no data | 17.1 ppm/K | 13.2 to 16.2 ppm/K | 18 ppm/K | 21.4 ppm/K | 17.7 ppm/K | 17.4 µm/(m·°C) | 18 um/(m.°C) | 16.5 ppm/K | 22 ppm/K |
| Modulus of elasticity, C1990(HP) | 127 GPa5 | 117 GPa | no data | 1.07×10^5 MPa | 117 GPa | 131 GPa | 110 GPa | 1.1×10^5 MPa | no data | 117 GPa | no data | 117 GPa | 97 GPa | 135 GPa | 115 GPa | 1.03×10^5 MPa | 1.17×10^5 MPa | 50 GPa |
| Specific gravity, C1990(HP) | 8.7 -6 | no data | no data | no data | no data | no data | no data | no data | no data | no data | no data | no data | no data | no data | no data | no data | no data | no data |
| Poisson's ratio, C1990(HP) | 0.33 -7 | no data | no data | no data | no data | no data | no data | no data | no data | no data | no data | 0.34 - | no data | 0.34 - | no data | no data | no data | no data |
| Yield strength Rp0.2, C1990(HP), EH temper | 860 MPa8 | 69 MPa | > 130 MPa | > 221 MPa | > 295 MPa | 130 to 250 MPa | 550 MPa | 103 MPa | no data | > 450 MPa | 124 to 179 MPa | no data | > 220 MPa | no data | > 350 MPa | 310 MPa | > 205 MPa | no data |
| Tensile strength, C1990(HP), EH temper | 885 to 1080 MPa9 | 179 to 262 MPa | > 330 MPa | > 586 MPa | > 585 MPa | 410 to 590 MPa | > 485 MPa | 324 MPa | 180 N/mm2 | 480 to 560 MPa | 358 to 414 MPa | 235 MPa | > 360 MPa | 370 to 430 MPa | 475 to 580 MPa | 538 MPa | > 260 MPa | no data |
| Elongation, C1990(HP), EH temper | 17 %10 | 35 % | > 15 % | > 12 % | > 10 % | 20 to 75 % | > 13 % | 62 % | > 37 % | > 10 % | 30 to 45 % | 45 % | > 20 % | 40 % | > 25 % | 17 % | > 8 % | no data |
| Yield strength Rp0.2, C1990(HP), SH temper | 890 MPa12 | 69 MPa | > 130 MPa | > 221 MPa | > 295 MPa | 130 to 250 MPa | 550 MPa | 103 MPa | no data | > 450 MPa | 124 to 179 MPa | no data | > 220 MPa | no data | > 350 MPa | 310 MPa | > 205 MPa | no data |
| Tensile strength, C1990(HP), SH temper | 910 to 1110 MPa13 | 179 to 262 MPa | > 330 MPa | > 586 MPa | > 585 MPa | 410 to 590 MPa | > 485 MPa | 324 MPa | 180 N/mm2 | 480 to 560 MPa | 358 to 414 MPa | 235 MPa | > 360 MPa | 370 to 430 MPa | 475 to 580 MPa | 538 MPa | > 260 MPa | no data |
| Elongation, C1990(HP), SH temper | 14 %14 | 35 % | > 15 % | > 12 % | > 10 % | 20 to 75 % | > 13 % | 62 % | > 37 % | > 10 % | 30 to 45 % | 45 % | > 20 % | 40 % | > 25 % | 17 % | > 8 % | no data |
| Yield strength Rp0.2, C1990(HP), ESH temper | 1030 MPa16 | 69 MPa | > 130 MPa | > 221 MPa | > 295 MPa | 130 to 250 MPa | 550 MPa | 103 MPa | no data | > 450 MPa | 124 to 179 MPa | no data | > 220 MPa | no data | > 350 MPa | 310 MPa | > 205 MPa | no data |
| Tensile strength, C1990(HP), ESH temper | 1000 to 1180 MPa17 | 179 to 262 MPa | > 330 MPa | > 586 MPa | > 585 MPa | 410 to 590 MPa | > 485 MPa | 324 MPa | 180 N/mm2 | 480 to 560 MPa | 358 to 414 MPa | 235 MPa | > 360 MPa | 370 to 430 MPa | 475 to 580 MPa | 538 MPa | > 260 MPa | no data |
| Elongation, C1990(HP), ESH temper | 3 %18 | 35 % | > 15 % | > 12 % | > 10 % | 20 to 75 % | > 13 % | 62 % | > 37 % | > 10 % | 30 to 45 % | 45 % | > 20 % | 40 % | > 25 % | 17 % | > 8 % | no data |
| Linear expansion coefficient, C1990-GSH(HP) foil | 18.6 ppm/K23 | 17.6 ppm/K | 20.5 ppm/K | 16.2 ppm/K | 15 ppm/K | 17.5 ppm/K | 17.8 µm/(m·°C) | 20 ppm/K | no data | 17.1 ppm/K | 13.2 to 16.2 ppm/K | 18 ppm/K | 21.4 ppm/K | 17.7 ppm/K | 17.4 µm/(m·°C) | 18 um/(m.°C) | 16.5 ppm/K | 22 ppm/K |
| Modulus of elasticity, C1990-GSH(HP) foil | 127 GPa24 | 117 GPa | no data | 1.07×10^5 MPa | 117 GPa | 131 GPa | 110 GPa | 1.1×10^5 MPa | no data | 117 GPa | no data | 117 GPa | 97 GPa | 135 GPa | 115 GPa | 1.03×10^5 MPa | 1.17×10^5 MPa | 50 GPa |
| Specific gravity, C1990-GSH(HP) foil | 8.7 -25 | no data | no data | no data | no data | no data | no data | no data | no data | no data | no data | no data | no data | no data | no data | no data | no data | no data |
| Poisson's ratio, C1990-GSH(HP) foil | 0.33 -26 | no data | no data | no data | no data | no data | no data | no data | no data | no data | no data | 0.34 - | no data | 0.34 - | no data | no data | no data | no data |
| Tensile strength, C1990-GSH(HP) foil, GSH(HP) temper | 1400 MPa27 | 179 to 262 MPa | > 330 MPa | > 586 MPa | > 585 MPa | 410 to 590 MPa | > 485 MPa | 324 MPa | 180 N/mm2 | 480 to 560 MPa | 358 to 414 MPa | 235 MPa | > 360 MPa | 370 to 430 MPa | 475 to 580 MPa | 538 MPa | > 260 MPa | no data |
| Yield strength Rp0.2, C1990-GSH(HP) foil | 1390 MPa28 | 69 MPa | > 130 MPa | > 221 MPa | > 295 MPa | 130 to 250 MPa | 550 MPa | 103 MPa | no data | > 450 MPa | 124 to 179 MPa | no data | > 220 MPa | no data | > 350 MPa | 310 MPa | > 205 MPa | no data |
| Maximum foil width, C1990-GSH(HP) | 450 mm31 | no data | no data | no data | no data | no data | no data | no data | no data | no data | no data | no data | no data | no data | no data | no data | no data | no data |
Why choose it, and why not
Good for
- High-strength springs in connectors: 885 to 1080 MPa tensile specification range in the EH temper of C1990(HP), per JX.
- Thin foil springs: 1400 MPa typical tensile strength for 30 µm to 100 µm foil, per JX.
- Parts that bend in service: JX describes excellent bend formability for the alloy and excellent fatigue properties for the foil.
Watch out for
- Electrical conduction is modest: 12 %IACS for the alloy and 8 %IACS for the foil.
- Stretch in the hardest temper is low: 3.0 % typical elongation in ESH, with no specification minimum printed.
- JX makes two strength claims for different foils, and neither was tested here. No third-party test was read.
- No corrosion or space data for this alloy were found. Hazard data exists only for its metals, copper and titanium, and not for C1990 itself, so the alloy's own hazards are unknown rather than absent.
Copper titanium C1990 is a high-strength copper alloy with 3.0 wt% titanium, sold by JX Advanced Metals as C1990(HP) and C1990-GSH(HP) foil. It reaches 885 to 1080 MPa in the EH temper and a typical 1400 MPa in foil, but it conducts only 8 to 12 %IACS and stretches little in its hardest temper. The pages read give no corrosion or space-environment data for this grade, and no hazard data for the alloy itself; the copper and titanium metal records give hazards for the elements only.
Technical details
For scientists and researchers. Everything above comes from the record below: every number with its method, its conditions and its source.
Other names and standards
The same grade under other systems, as datasheets and standards print them. Each code was checked against the page it comes from.
| System | Codes |
|---|---|
| UNS | C19900 |
| Trade name | C1990 (the (HP) high-performance version is printed as C1990(HP)), C1990-GSH (the (HP) foil version is printed as C1990-GSH(HP)) |
Notes
The method, full conditions and any caveat for the numbered rows above.
| # | Measurement | Method | Conditions | Caveat |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Electrical conductivity, C1990(HP) | Value printed on a manufacturer product page (JX Advanced Metals), physical properties table | grade C1990(HP)temperature 20 °Cform not named on the product page | — |
| 2 | Specific resistivity, C1990(HP) | Value printed on a manufacturer product page (JX Advanced Metals), physical properties table | grade C1990(HP)temperature 20 °Cform not named on the product page | — |
| 3 | Thermal conductivity, C1990(HP) | Value printed on a manufacturer product page (JX Advanced Metals), physical properties table | grade C1990(HP)temperature not stated on the page | — |
| 4 | Linear expansion coefficient, C1990(HP) | Value printed on a manufacturer product page (JX Advanced Metals), physical properties table; the page unit ×10-6/K is the same as ppm/K | grade C1990(HP)temperature 20 to 300 °Cunit in source ×10-6/K (20 to 300℃) | — |
| 5 | Modulus of elasticity, C1990(HP) | Value printed on a manufacturer product page (JX Advanced Metals), physical properties table | grade C1990(HP)temperature not stated on the page | — |
| 6 | Specific gravity, C1990(HP) | Value printed on a manufacturer product page (JX Advanced Metals), physical properties table; the short name specific_gravity is not in property-canon.yaml | grade C1990(HP)basis specific gravity is a ratio to water and is printed without a unit | — |
| 7 | Poisson's ratio, C1990(HP) | Value printed in the composition and property comparison table of the JX Advanced Metals copper titanium product index | grade C1990(HP) | — |
| 8 | Yield strength Rp0.2, C1990(HP), EH temper | Typical value printed on a manufacturer product page (JX Advanced Metals), with its specification range in the same table | grade C1990(HP)temper EHbasis typical valuespecification range 780-930 MPa | — |
| 9 | Tensile strength, C1990(HP), EH temper | Specification range printed on a manufacturer product page (JX Advanced Metals) | grade C1990(HP)temper EHbasis specification range; the typical value is printed as a dash | — |
| 10 | Elongation, C1990(HP), EH temper | Typical value printed on a manufacturer product page (JX Advanced Metals), with its specification minimum in the same table | grade C1990(HP)temper EHbasis typical valuespecification minimum 10.0 % | — |
| 11 | Vickers hardness, C1990(HP), EH temper | Typical value printed on a manufacturer product page (JX Advanced Metals), with its specification minimum in the same table | grade C1990(HP)temper EHbasis typical valuespecification minimum 280 Hv | — |
| 12 | Yield strength Rp0.2, C1990(HP), SH temper | Typical value printed on a manufacturer product page (JX Advanced Metals), with its specification range in the same table | grade C1990(HP)temper SHbasis typical valuespecification range 810-960 MPa | — |
| 13 | Tensile strength, C1990(HP), SH temper | Specification range printed on a manufacturer product page (JX Advanced Metals) | grade C1990(HP)temper SHbasis specification range; the typical value is printed as a dash | — |
| 14 | Elongation, C1990(HP), SH temper | Typical value printed on a manufacturer product page (JX Advanced Metals), with its specification minimum in the same table | grade C1990(HP)temper SHbasis typical valuespecification minimum 8.0 % | — |
| 15 | Vickers hardness, C1990(HP), SH temper | Typical value printed on a manufacturer product page (JX Advanced Metals), with its specification minimum in the same table | grade C1990(HP)temper SHbasis typical valuespecification minimum 300 Hv | — |
| 16 | Yield strength Rp0.2, C1990(HP), ESH temper | Typical value printed on a manufacturer product page (JX Advanced Metals), with its specification range in the same table | grade C1990(HP)temper ESHbasis typical valuespecification range 950-1100 MPa | — |
| 17 | Tensile strength, C1990(HP), ESH temper | Specification range printed on a manufacturer product page (JX Advanced Metals) | grade C1990(HP)temper ESHbasis specification range; the typical value is printed as a dash | — |
| 18 | Elongation, C1990(HP), ESH temper | Typical value printed on a manufacturer product page (JX Advanced Metals) | grade C1990(HP)temper ESHbasis typical value; no specification minimum printed | — |
| 19 | Vickers hardness, C1990(HP), ESH temper | Typical value printed on a manufacturer product page (JX Advanced Metals), with its specification minimum in the same table | grade C1990(HP)temper ESHbasis typical valuespecification minimum 320 Hv | — |
| 20 | Electrical conductivity, C1990-GSH(HP) foil | Value printed on a manufacturer product page (JX Advanced Metals), physical properties table | grade C1990-GSH(HP)product copper titanium foiltemperature 20 °C | — |
| 21 | Specific resistivity, C1990-GSH(HP) foil | Value printed on a manufacturer product page (JX Advanced Metals), physical properties table | grade C1990-GSH(HP)product copper titanium foiltemperature 20 °C | — |
| 22 | Thermal conductivity, C1990-GSH(HP) foil | Value printed on a manufacturer product page (JX Advanced Metals), physical properties table | grade C1990-GSH(HP)product copper titanium foiltemperature not stated on the page | — |
| 23 | Linear expansion coefficient, C1990-GSH(HP) foil | Value printed on a manufacturer product page (JX Advanced Metals), physical properties table; the page unit ×10-6/K is the same as ppm/K | grade C1990-GSH(HP)product copper titanium foiltemperature 20 to 300 °Cunit in source ×10-6/K (20 to 300℃) | — |
| 24 | Modulus of elasticity, C1990-GSH(HP) foil | Value printed on a manufacturer product page (JX Advanced Metals), physical properties table | grade C1990-GSH(HP)product copper titanium foiltemperature not stated on the page | — |
| 25 | Specific gravity, C1990-GSH(HP) foil | Value printed on a manufacturer product page (JX Advanced Metals), physical properties table; the same value is printed in the JX product index | grade C1990-GSH(HP)basis specific gravity is a ratio to water and is printed without a unit | — |
| 26 | Poisson's ratio, C1990-GSH(HP) foil | Value printed in the composition and property comparison table of the JX Advanced Metals copper titanium product index | grade C1990-GSH(HP) | — |
| 27 | Tensile strength, C1990-GSH(HP) foil, GSH(HP) temper | Typical value printed on a manufacturer product page (JX Advanced Metals), with its specification range in the same table | grade C1990-GSH(HP)product copper titanium foiltemper GSH(HP)basis typical valuespecification range 1300-1600 MPa | — |
| 28 | Yield strength Rp0.2, C1990-GSH(HP) foil | Typical value printed on a manufacturer product page (JX Advanced Metals) | grade C1990-GSH(HP)product copper titanium foiltemper GSH(HP)basis typical value; no specification range printed | — |
| 29 | Vickers hardness, C1990-GSH(HP) foil | Typical value printed on a manufacturer product page (JX Advanced Metals) | grade C1990-GSH(HP)product copper titanium foiltemper GSH(HP)basis typical value; no specification range printed | — |
| 30 | Manufacturable foil thickness, C1990-GSH(HP) | Typical manufacturable dimension printed on a manufacturer product page (JX Advanced Metals); the short name foil_thickness is not in property-canon.yaml | grade C1990-GSH(HP)product copper titanium foilbasis manufacturable thickness, typical dimensions (page says typical) | — |
| 31 | Maximum foil width, C1990-GSH(HP) | Typical manufacturable dimension printed on a manufacturer product page (JX Advanced Metals); the short name foil_max_width is not in property-canon.yaml | grade C1990-GSH(HP)product copper titanium foilbasis maximum width, typical dimensions (page says typical) | — |
Risks and side effects
Hazards to people, what happens when a cell overheats, and how the material is handled and stored.
For people
No safety data sheet for C1990 itself was found. The hazards section records the PubChem and supplier data for copper metal and titanium metal, which describe the elements and not this alloy.
- Not covered
- The JX product pages give no health or safety information.
If it fails
The pages name one measured limit that matters for failure: low stretch in the hardest temper.
- Hardest temper
- The ESH temper has a typical elongation of 3.0 % and no specification minimum, against a typical 17.0 % in EH.
- Foil thickness
- Foil is made at 30 µm to 100 µm, and JX says its higher thickness precision keeps the spring properties stable.
Handling
- Pick the temper
- EH, SH and ESH give different strength and stretch, so the order must name the temper.
- Foil width
- Foil is made up to 450 mm wide, per JX's typical dimensions.
Test details
The original wording and numbers from the sources, for readers who want them.
Failure risks
| Failure | Trigger and consequence |
|---|---|
| Little stretch in the ESH tempermoderate severity | Use or forming of the hardest listed temper, ESHThe typical elongation is 3.0 % in ESH, against 17.0 % typical in EH, and no specification minimum is printed for ESH, so the ESH strip has little stretch before breaking. |
| Foil thickness variationlow severity | Foil made without the high thickness precision that JX describesJX says higher thickness precision keeps spring properties stable; its thickness histograms are typical values, not specifications. |
Handling and storage
- Specify the temper. Yield strength and elongation change strongly from EH to ESH, and the page prints a different typical value for each.
- For foil, specify the thickness range of 30 µm to 100 µm and a width up to 450 mm, which JX gives as typical manufacturable dimensions.
Supply and geography
How common the raw materials are and where they come from.
Titanium (alloying element, 3.0 wt% in the standard composition)
- Top producers (2025)
- China, Japan, Russia, Kazakhstan, Saudi Arabia
- Recycling
- USGS: U.S. imports of titanium scrap were estimated at 32,000 tons in 2025.
- Substitutes
- USGS: aluminum, nickel, specialty steels and zirconium alloys may be substituted for titanium in applications that require corrosion resistance.
Copper (the matrix; the balance of the alloy)
- Top producers (2025)
- Chile, Congo (Kinshasa), Peru, China, Russia
- Critical mineral lists
- U.S. Final 2025 List of Critical Minerals (copper added, published 7 November 2025): listed
- Recycling
- USGS: old (post-consumer) scrap provided an estimated 160,000 tons of copper in 2025, and copper recovered from scrap contributed about 30% of U.S. copper supply.
- Substitutes
- USGS: aluminum substitutes for copper in automobile radiators, cooling and refrigeration tube, electrical equipment and power cable.
Documents
Datasheets, safety data sheets, papers and standards you can open.
Full record
The complete spore, as stored. Free to reuse under CC-BY-4.0. Images keep the licence shown with each one.
Show the full YAML
spore: profile
id: copper-titanium-c1990
spore_version: 0.2
family: copper-alloys
name: Copper titanium C1990
abbreviation: Cu-3Ti
role: high-strength spring alloy
category: metals
type: copper-alloys
summary: |
Copper titanium C1990 is a copper alloy with 3.0 wt% titanium, sold by JX Advanced Metals as the C1990(HP) alloy and as C1990-GSH(HP) foil. The C1990(HP) product page gives a tensile specification range of 885 to 1080 MPa in the EH temper, and the C1990-GSH(HP) foil page gives a typical tensile strength of 1400 MPa. Electrical conductivity is 12 %IACS for the alloy and 8 %IACS for the foil, at 20 °C.
best_for: 'High-strength spring parts that must bend: connectors, switches, relays and autofocus camera-module springs, as JX Advanced Metals lists them'
weakest_at: Electrical conduction (8 to 12 %IACS at 20 °C) and stretch in the hardest temper (3.0 % typical elongation in ESH)
identity:
formula: 'Cu-3Ti: copper with 3.0 wt% titanium, balance copper (JX standard composition)'
source: jx-hptc
where: 'Table 1, C1990(HP) chemical composition (%): Cu Remainder, Ti 3.0. The C1990-GSH(HP) foil page prints the same composition in its Table 1.'
designations:
- system: UNS
code: C19900
note: printed by a reseller listing; the copper.org UNS page was under maintenance and the manufacturer page does not print a UNS number
source: urbanmines
where: Page title and product tag, C19900&C19910 Titanium Copper Alloy
- system: Trade name
code: C1990
note: the (HP) high-performance version is printed as C1990(HP)
source: jx-hptc
where: Page title, C1990(HP) High Strength Copper Titanium Alloy
- system: Trade name
code: C1990-GSH
note: the (HP) foil version is printed as C1990-GSH(HP)
source: jx-gshhp
where: Table 2 heading, Physical properties of C1990-GSH(HP)
tags:
environments: []
stresses: []
applications:
- electronics-and-chips
- optics-and-cameras
- mechanisms
properties:
- benchmark: electrical_conductivity
label: Electrical conductivity, C1990(HP)
value: 12
unit: '%IACS'
scope: material
conditions:
grade: C1990(HP)
temperature: 20 °C
form: not named on the product page
method: Value printed on a manufacturer product page (JX Advanced Metals), physical properties table
status: ground
source: jx-hptc
where: Table 2 Physical properties of C1990(HP), row Electrical conductivity (printed 12)
- benchmark: electrical_resistivity
label: Specific resistivity, C1990(HP)
value: 144
unit: nΩ·m
scope: material
conditions:
grade: C1990(HP)
temperature: 20 °C
form: not named on the product page
method: Value printed on a manufacturer product page (JX Advanced Metals), physical properties table
status: ground
source: jx-hptc
where: Table 2, row Specific resistivity
- benchmark: thermal_conductivity
label: Thermal conductivity, C1990(HP)
value: 54
unit: W/mK
scope: material
conditions:
grade: C1990(HP)
temperature: not stated on the page
method: Value printed on a manufacturer product page (JX Advanced Metals), physical properties table
status: ground
source: jx-hptc
where: Table 2, row Thermal conductivity
- benchmark: cte
label: Linear expansion coefficient, C1990(HP)
value: 18.6
unit: ppm/K
scope: material
conditions:
grade: C1990(HP)
temperature: 20 to 300 °C
unit_in_source: ×10-6/K (20 to 300℃)
method: Value printed on a manufacturer product page (JX Advanced Metals), physical properties table; the page unit ×10-6/K is the same as ppm/K
status: ground
source: jx-hptc
where: Table 2, row Linear expansion coefficient (printed 18.6)
- benchmark: elastic_modulus
label: Modulus of elasticity, C1990(HP)
value: 127
unit: GPa
scope: material
conditions:
grade: C1990(HP)
temperature: not stated on the page
method: Value printed on a manufacturer product page (JX Advanced Metals), physical properties table
status: ground
source: jx-hptc
where: Table 2, row Modulus of elasticity
- benchmark: specific_gravity
label: Specific gravity, C1990(HP)
value: 8.7
unit: '-'
scope: material
conditions:
grade: C1990(HP)
basis: specific gravity is a ratio to water and is printed without a unit
method: Value printed on a manufacturer product page (JX Advanced Metals), physical properties table; the short name specific_gravity is not in property-canon.yaml
status: ground
source: jx-hptc
where: Table 2, row Specific gravity (printed 8.70)
- benchmark: poissons_ratio
label: Poisson's ratio, C1990(HP)
value: 0.33
unit: '-'
scope: material
conditions:
grade: C1990(HP)
method: Value printed in the composition and property comparison table of the JX Advanced Metals copper titanium product index
status: ground
source: jx-index
where: Physical Properties table, row Poisson's Ratio, column C1990(HP)
- benchmark: yield_strength
label: Yield strength Rp0.2, C1990(HP), EH temper
value: 860
unit: MPa
scope: material
conditions:
grade: C1990(HP)
temper: EH
basis: typical value
specification_range: 780-930 MPa
method: Typical value printed on a manufacturer product page (JX Advanced Metals), with its specification range in the same table
status: ground
source: jx-hptc
where: Table 3, row EH, column Yield strength (MPa), typical 860 with specification 780-930
- benchmark: ultimate_tensile_strength
label: Tensile strength, C1990(HP), EH temper
value: 885
value_high: 1080
bound: range
unit: MPa
scope: material
conditions:
grade: C1990(HP)
temper: EH
basis: specification range; the typical value is printed as a dash
method: Specification range printed on a manufacturer product page (JX Advanced Metals)
status: ground
source: jx-hptc
where: Table 3, row EH, column Tensile strength (MPa), printed 885-1080
- benchmark: elongation
label: Elongation, C1990(HP), EH temper
value: 17
unit: '%'
scope: material
conditions:
grade: C1990(HP)
temper: EH
basis: typical value
specification_minimum: 10.0 %
method: Typical value printed on a manufacturer product page (JX Advanced Metals), with its specification minimum in the same table
status: ground
source: jx-hptc
where: Table 3, row EH, column Elongation (%), printed 17.0 with minimum 10.0
- benchmark: vickers_hardness
label: Vickers hardness, C1990(HP), EH temper
value: 300
unit: Hv
scope: material
conditions:
grade: C1990(HP)
temper: EH
basis: typical value
specification_minimum: 280 Hv
method: Typical value printed on a manufacturer product page (JX Advanced Metals), with its specification minimum in the same table
status: ground
source: jx-hptc
where: Table 3, row EH, column Vickers hardness (Hv), printed 300 with minimum 280
- benchmark: yield_strength
label: Yield strength Rp0.2, C1990(HP), SH temper
value: 890
unit: MPa
scope: material
conditions:
grade: C1990(HP)
temper: SH
basis: typical value
specification_range: 810-960 MPa
method: Typical value printed on a manufacturer product page (JX Advanced Metals), with its specification range in the same table
status: ground
source: jx-hptc
where: Table 3, row SH, column Yield strength (MPa), typical 890 with specification 810-960
- benchmark: ultimate_tensile_strength
label: Tensile strength, C1990(HP), SH temper
value: 910
value_high: 1110
bound: range
unit: MPa
scope: material
conditions:
grade: C1990(HP)
temper: SH
basis: specification range; the typical value is printed as a dash
method: Specification range printed on a manufacturer product page (JX Advanced Metals)
status: ground
source: jx-hptc
where: Table 3, row SH, column Tensile strength (MPa), printed 910-1110
- benchmark: elongation
label: Elongation, C1990(HP), SH temper
value: 14
unit: '%'
scope: material
conditions:
grade: C1990(HP)
temper: SH
basis: typical value
specification_minimum: 8.0 %
method: Typical value printed on a manufacturer product page (JX Advanced Metals), with its specification minimum in the same table
status: ground
source: jx-hptc
where: Table 3, row SH, column Elongation (%), printed 14.0 with minimum 8.0
- benchmark: vickers_hardness
label: Vickers hardness, C1990(HP), SH temper
value: 320
unit: Hv
scope: material
conditions:
grade: C1990(HP)
temper: SH
basis: typical value
specification_minimum: 300 Hv
method: Typical value printed on a manufacturer product page (JX Advanced Metals), with its specification minimum in the same table
status: ground
source: jx-hptc
where: Table 3, row SH, column Vickers hardness (Hv), typical 320 with minimum 300
- benchmark: yield_strength
label: Yield strength Rp0.2, C1990(HP), ESH temper
value: 1030
unit: MPa
scope: material
conditions:
grade: C1990(HP)
temper: ESH
basis: typical value
specification_range: 950-1100 MPa
method: Typical value printed on a manufacturer product page (JX Advanced Metals), with its specification range in the same table
status: ground
source: jx-hptc
where: Table 3, row ESH, column Yield strength (MPa), typical 1030 with specification 950-1100
- benchmark: ultimate_tensile_strength
label: Tensile strength, C1990(HP), ESH temper
value: 1000
value_high: 1180
bound: range
unit: MPa
scope: material
conditions:
grade: C1990(HP)
temper: ESH
basis: specification range; the typical value is printed as a dash
method: Specification range printed on a manufacturer product page (JX Advanced Metals)
status: ground
source: jx-hptc
where: Table 3, row ESH, column Tensile strength (MPa), printed 1000-1180
- benchmark: elongation
label: Elongation, C1990(HP), ESH temper
value: 3
unit: '%'
scope: material
conditions:
grade: C1990(HP)
temper: ESH
basis: typical value; no specification minimum printed
method: Typical value printed on a manufacturer product page (JX Advanced Metals)
status: ground
source: jx-hptc
where: Table 3, row ESH, column Elongation (%), printed 3.0 with no minimum
- benchmark: vickers_hardness
label: Vickers hardness, C1990(HP), ESH temper
value: 340
unit: Hv
scope: material
conditions:
grade: C1990(HP)
temper: ESH
basis: typical value
specification_minimum: 320 Hv
method: Typical value printed on a manufacturer product page (JX Advanced Metals), with its specification minimum in the same table
status: ground
source: jx-hptc
where: Table 3, row ESH, column Vickers hardness (Hv), typical 340 with minimum 320
- benchmark: electrical_conductivity
label: Electrical conductivity, C1990-GSH(HP) foil
value: 8
unit: '%IACS'
scope: material
conditions:
grade: C1990-GSH(HP)
product: copper titanium foil
temperature: 20 °C
method: Value printed on a manufacturer product page (JX Advanced Metals), physical properties table
status: ground
source: jx-gshhp
where: Table 2 Physical properties of C1990-GSH(HP), row Electrical conductivity
- benchmark: electrical_resistivity
label: Specific resistivity, C1990-GSH(HP) foil
value: 216
unit: nΩ·m
scope: material
conditions:
grade: C1990-GSH(HP)
product: copper titanium foil
temperature: 20 °C
method: Value printed on a manufacturer product page (JX Advanced Metals), physical properties table
status: ground
source: jx-gshhp
where: Table 2, row Specific resistivity
- benchmark: thermal_conductivity
label: Thermal conductivity, C1990-GSH(HP) foil
value: 39
unit: W/mK
scope: material
conditions:
grade: C1990-GSH(HP)
product: copper titanium foil
temperature: not stated on the page
method: Value printed on a manufacturer product page (JX Advanced Metals), physical properties table
status: ground
source: jx-gshhp
where: Table 2, row Thermal conductivity
- benchmark: cte
label: Linear expansion coefficient, C1990-GSH(HP) foil
value: 18.6
unit: ppm/K
scope: material
conditions:
grade: C1990-GSH(HP)
product: copper titanium foil
temperature: 20 to 300 °C
unit_in_source: ×10-6/K (20 to 300℃)
method: Value printed on a manufacturer product page (JX Advanced Metals), physical properties table; the page unit ×10-6/K is the same as ppm/K
status: ground
source: jx-gshhp
where: Table 2, row Linear expansion coefficient (printed 18.6)
- benchmark: elastic_modulus
label: Modulus of elasticity, C1990-GSH(HP) foil
value: 127
unit: GPa
scope: material
conditions:
grade: C1990-GSH(HP)
product: copper titanium foil
temperature: not stated on the page
method: Value printed on a manufacturer product page (JX Advanced Metals), physical properties table
status: ground
source: jx-gshhp
where: Table 2, row Modulus of elasticity
- benchmark: specific_gravity
label: Specific gravity, C1990-GSH(HP) foil
value: 8.7
unit: '-'
scope: material
conditions:
grade: C1990-GSH(HP)
basis: specific gravity is a ratio to water and is printed without a unit
method: Value printed on a manufacturer product page (JX Advanced Metals), physical properties table; the same value is printed in the JX product index
status: ground
source: jx-gshhp
where: Table 2, row Specific gravity (printed 8.70)
- benchmark: poissons_ratio
label: Poisson's ratio, C1990-GSH(HP) foil
value: 0.33
unit: '-'
scope: material
conditions:
grade: C1990-GSH(HP)
method: Value printed in the composition and property comparison table of the JX Advanced Metals copper titanium product index
status: ground
source: jx-index
where: Physical Properties table, row Poisson's Ratio, column C1990-GSH(HP)
- benchmark: ultimate_tensile_strength
label: Tensile strength, C1990-GSH(HP) foil, GSH(HP) temper
value: 1400
unit: MPa
scope: material
conditions:
grade: C1990-GSH(HP)
product: copper titanium foil
temper: GSH(HP)
basis: typical value
specification_range: 1300-1600 MPa
method: Typical value printed on a manufacturer product page (JX Advanced Metals), with its specification range in the same table
status: ground
source: jx-gshhp
where: Table 3, row C1990-GSH(HP), column Tensile strength (MPa), typical 1400 with specification 1300-1600
- benchmark: yield_strength
label: Yield strength Rp0.2, C1990-GSH(HP) foil
value: 1390
unit: MPa
scope: material
conditions:
grade: C1990-GSH(HP)
product: copper titanium foil
temper: GSH(HP)
basis: typical value; no specification range printed
method: Typical value printed on a manufacturer product page (JX Advanced Metals)
status: ground
source: jx-gshhp
where: Table 3, row C1990-GSH(HP), column Yield Strength (MPa), printed 1390 with a dash for the range
- benchmark: vickers_hardness
label: Vickers hardness, C1990-GSH(HP) foil
value: 400
unit: Hv
scope: material
conditions:
grade: C1990-GSH(HP)
product: copper titanium foil
temper: GSH(HP)
basis: typical value; no specification range printed
method: Typical value printed on a manufacturer product page (JX Advanced Metals)
status: ground
source: jx-gshhp
where: Table 3, row C1990-GSH(HP), column Vickers hardness (Hv), printed 400 with a dash for the range
- benchmark: foil_thickness
label: Manufacturable foil thickness, C1990-GSH(HP)
value: 30
value_high: 100
bound: range
unit: µm
scope: material
conditions:
grade: C1990-GSH(HP)
product: copper titanium foil
basis: manufacturable thickness, typical dimensions (page says typical)
method: Typical manufacturable dimension printed on a manufacturer product page (JX Advanced Metals); the short name foil_thickness is not in property-canon.yaml
status: ground
source: jx-gshhp
where: Section Manufacturable thickness (typical dimensions), printed 30µm~100µm
- benchmark: foil_max_width
label: Maximum foil width, C1990-GSH(HP)
value: 450
unit: mm
scope: material
conditions:
grade: C1990-GSH(HP)
product: copper titanium foil
basis: maximum width, typical dimensions (page says typical)
method: Typical manufacturable dimension printed on a manufacturer product page (JX Advanced Metals); the short name foil_max_width is not in property-canon.yaml
status: ground
source: jx-gshhp
where: Section Manufacturable thickness (typical dimensions), printed Maximum width 450 mm
corrosion: []
risks:
hazards:
- text: PubChem's ECHA C&L summary for copper (CID 23978) lists the hazard codes H302 (21.7%), H400 (43.1%), H410 (18.8%) and H411 (22.5%), with signal word Warning. The record says the percentage in brackets is the notified classification ratio from companies that give hazard codes, and that copper does not meet GHS hazard criteria for 52.5% (1818 of 3463) of all reports. It is a record for copper metal, not for C1990.
ghs:
- H302
- H400
- H410
- H411
source: pubchem-cu
where: Safety and Hazards, GHS Classification, ECHA C&L Notifications Summary (CID 23978)
- text: Avantor safety data sheet for copper metal (version 1.0, revised 03-17-2015) classifies the product under GHS as Environmental Hazards, acute and chronic Category 1, with signal word Warning and the statement "Very toxic to aquatic life with long lasting effects." Copper is 90 to 100% of that product. The sheet gives no GHS hazard code, only the statement.
ghs: []
source: avantor-cu-sds
where: Section 2, Hazard Classification and Label Elements; Section 3, Composition
- text: ESPI Metals safety data sheet for titanium (revised July 2015) states GHS Classification as "Not classified as hazardous" under 29 CFR 1910.1200. The same sheet says that titanium fines or dusts will burn when exposed to an ignition source, and that small chips, fine turnings and dust from processing may be readily ignitable.
ghs: []
source: espi-ti-sds
where: Section 2, Hazards Identification; Section 5, Specific Hazards; Section 10, Possibility of Hazardous Reactions
- text: PubChem's GHS record for titanium (CID 23963) reads Not Classified, reported as not meeting GHS hazard criteria by 606 of 808 companies. Some ECHA notifications give H228 (flammable solid), H250 (catches fire spontaneously if exposed to air) and H251 (self-heating; may catch fire). The record says that information may vary between notifications depending on impurities, additives and other factors.
ghs:
- H228
- H250
- H251
source: pubchem-ti
where: Safety and Hazards, GHS Classification, GHS Hazard Statements and ECHA C&L Notifications Summary (CID 23963)
failure_risks:
- mode: Little stretch in the ESH temper
trigger: Use or forming of the hardest listed temper, ESH
consequence: The typical elongation is 3.0 % in ESH, against 17.0 % typical in EH, and no specification minimum is printed for ESH, so the ESH strip has little stretch before breaking.
severity: moderate
source: jx-hptc
where: Table 3, rows EH and ESH, column Elongation (%)
- mode: Foil thickness variation
trigger: Foil made without the high thickness precision that JX describes
consequence: JX says higher thickness precision keeps spring properties stable; its thickness histograms are typical values, not specifications.
severity: low
source: jx-gshhp
where: Overview paragraph and Figures 1 and 2 captions
side_effects: []
handling:
- text: Specify the temper. Yield strength and elongation change strongly from EH to ESH, and the page prints a different typical value for each.
source: jx-hptc
where: Table 3 Mechanical properties of C1990(HP)
- text: For foil, specify the thickness range of 30 µm to 100 µm and a width up to 450 mm, which JX gives as typical manufacturable dimensions.
source: jx-gshhp
where: Manufacturable thickness (typical dimensions)
mitigations: []
uses:
- application: electronics-and-chips
device: Switches, connectors and relays
example: JX lists high-end switches, connectors, relays and other electronic parts as the intended uses of C1990(HP).
source: jx-hptc
where: Overview paragraph
- application: optics-and-cameras
device: Spring in autofocus camera modules for mobile phones
example: JX lists the C1990-GSH(HP) foil as spring material in autofocus camera modules for mobile phones.
source: jx-gshhp
where: Typical applications list
- application: mechanisms
device: Spring contacts in place of beryllium copper
example: JX says the alloy can be used in place of beryllium copper, with excellent stress relaxation resistance and fatigue properties; no numbers for these are printed.
source: jx-gshhp
where: Features list
supply:
- subject: Titanium (alloying element, 3.0 wt% in the standard composition)
producers:
- country: China
year: 2025
- country: Japan
year: 2025
- country: Russia
year: 2025
- country: Kazakhstan
year: 2025
- country: Saudi Arabia
year: 2025
critical_lists: []
recycling: 'USGS: U.S. imports of titanium scrap were estimated at 32,000 tons in 2025.'
substitutes:
- 'USGS: aluminum, nickel, specialty steels and zirconium alloys may be substituted for titanium in applications that require corrosion resistance.'
source: usgs-ti-2026
where: 'World Sponge Metal Production and Sponge and Pigment Capacity table, column Sponge production 2025e in metric tons: China 260,000; Japan 53,000; Russia 25,000; Kazakhstan 16,000; Saudi Arabia 12,000; world total (rounded) 370,000. Shares are not calculated here.'
- subject: Copper (the matrix; the balance of the alloy)
producers:
- country: Chile
year: 2025
- country: Congo (Kinshasa)
year: 2025
- country: Peru
year: 2025
- country: China
year: 2025
- country: Russia
year: 2025
critical_lists:
- list: U.S. Final 2025 List of Critical Minerals (copper added, published 7 November 2025)
listed: true
recycling: 'USGS: old (post-consumer) scrap provided an estimated 160,000 tons of copper in 2025, and copper recovered from scrap contributed about 30% of U.S. copper supply.'
substitutes:
- 'USGS: aluminum substitutes for copper in automobile radiators, cooling and refrigeration tube, electrical equipment and power cable.'
source: usgs-cu-2026
where: 'World Mine and Refinery Production and Reserves table, column Mine production 2025e in thousand tons: Chile 5,300; Congo (Kinshasa) 3,200; Peru 2,700; China 1,800; Russia 1,300; world total 23,000. Shares are not calculated here.'
documents:
- title: C1990(HP) High Strength Copper Titanium Alloy, JX Advanced Metals product page (hosted at wwwcdn.furuchi.co.jp)
type: datasheet
url: https://wwwcdn.furuchi.co.jp/english/products/copper_foil_and_alloy/02cuti/hptc.html
- title: C1990-GSH(HP) Copper Titanium Foil, JX Advanced Metals product page (hosted at wwwcdn.furuchi.co.jp)
type: datasheet
url: https://wwwcdn.furuchi.co.jp/english/products/copper_foil_and_alloy/02cuti/c1990-gshhp.html
- title: Copper Titanium Alloy, JX Advanced Metals product index with composition and property comparison
type: datasheet
url: https://www.jx-nmm.com/english/products/copper_foil_and_alloy/02cuti/
- title: C19900&C19910 Titanium Copper Alloy, UrbanMines Alloy product listing (reseller)
type: database
url: https://www.um-alloy.com/C19900C19910Titanium-Copper-Alloy-p6397970.html
- title: 'Mineral Commodity Summaries 2026: Titanium and Titanium Dioxide (USGS)'
type: report
url: https://pubs.usgs.gov/periodicals/mcs2026/mcs2026-titanium.pdf
year: 2026
- title: 'Mineral Commodity Summaries 2026: Copper (USGS)'
type: report
url: https://pubs.usgs.gov/periodicals/mcs2026/mcs2026-copper.pdf
year: 2026
- title: 'PubChem compound record: Copper (CID 23978), GHS Classification and ECHA C&L Notifications Summary'
type: database
url: https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/23978
- title: 'PubChem compound record: Titanium (CID 23963), GHS Classification and ECHA C&L Notifications Summary'
type: database
url: https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/23963
- title: 'Safety Data Sheet: Copper metal (Avantor Performance Materials, version 1.0, revision date 03-17-2015)'
type: sds
url: https://www.physics.purdue.edu/primelab/safety/MSDS/SDS/copper%20metal%20%20-%20Avantor.pdf
- title: 'Safety Data Sheet: Titanium (ESPI Metals, revised July 2015)'
type: sds
url: https://www.physics.purdue.edu/primelab/safety/MSDS/SDS/titanium%20metal%20%20-%20ESPI.pdf
gaps:
- No UNS number is printed for C1990 by a manufacturer or standards page that could be read. UNS C19900 comes from a reseller listing only. The copper.org UNS page returned a maintenance notice and could not be read. UNS C19910, which the entry names, is printed on the same reseller listing but was left out because that listing is unreliable.
- No EN, EN name, JIS, ASTM, AMS or DIN number was found for C1990 on any page read.
- 'The standard, non-HP C1990 strip is not recorded: the JX index table has no separate row for it, and no datasheet for it was read. All strip values here are for C1990(HP), which is a higher-performance version and not the same product.'
- The product form of C1990(HP) is not named on its page. The values are recorded without a form, so a reader cannot be sure whether they are for strip, sheet or wire.
- Thermal conductivity (54 W/mK and 39 W/mK), modulus and the foil values are printed without a test temperature. Only the expansion coefficient and conductivity values are given at 20 °C, and only the expansion coefficient is given over a range (20 to 300 °C).
- Specific gravity is printed without a unit. It is recorded as a dimensionless value and is not converted to density in g/cm3.
- 'The bend-radius table in the JX index (minimum bend radius over thickness, good and bad way) was not recorded: its test conditions are not clear enough to state as values.'
- No corrosion, tarnish, ageing or stress-corrosion data for C1990 or any copper-titanium alloy were found on the pages read. The corrosion section is empty for that reason.
- No safety data sheet or GHS hazard statement for C1990, C1990(HP) or C1990-GSH(HP) itself was found in any source read. The hazards section uses the PubChem records and the supplier safety data sheets for copper metal and titanium metal only. Those describe the elements, not this alloy, and no hazard data for the alloy as made by JX was read.
- No outgassing, atomic-oxygen, radiation or cold-welding data for this alloy were found. Space-environment behaviour is not described.
- The JX pages state that the alloy is an alternative to beryllium copper and that its properties equal or exceed mill-hardened beryllium copper. No beryllium copper values were read, so no comparison numbers are recorded.
- 'JX makes two strength claims: the C1990-GSH(HP) page says highest strength of any copper alloy, and the JX index says C1995-GSH(HP) has the world''s highest tensile strength of any copper alloy. Neither claim was tested here.'
- The stress relaxation resistance and fatigue properties are described as excellent on the JX pages, but no numbers for them are printed, so none are recorded.
- 'Titanium''s status on the U.S. critical minerals list was not confirmed: the USGS titanium summary read in this run does not state it.'
- Foil thickness and width are recorded under the short names foil_thickness and foil_max_width, which are not in property-canon.yaml. Electrical conductivity in %IACS uses the short name electrical_conductivity for the same reason.
- Typical-value and specification-range values are separated in conditions. Where JX prints only a typical value, no specification range is recorded.
sources:
jx-hptc:
title: C1990(HP) High Strength Copper Titanium Alloy, product page, JX Advanced Metals (served from wwwcdn.furuchi.co.jp)
id: Trade names C1990(HP) and C1990; no UNS, EN, JIS or ASTM number printed
url: https://wwwcdn.furuchi.co.jp/english/products/copper_foil_and_alloy/02cuti/hptc.html
kind: datasheet
license: Manufacturer product page (cited, not reproduced)
jx-gshhp:
title: C1990-GSH(HP) Copper Titanium Foil, product page, JX Advanced Metals (served from wwwcdn.furuchi.co.jp)
id: Model code C1990(HP); temper C1990-GSH(HP)
url: https://wwwcdn.furuchi.co.jp/english/products/copper_foil_and_alloy/02cuti/c1990-gshhp.html
kind: datasheet
license: Manufacturer product page (cited, not reproduced)
jx-index:
title: Copper Titanium Alloy, product index with Compare Composition and Properties table, JX Advanced Metals
id: Alloy names C1990(HP), C1990-GSH(HP), C1995-GSH(HP), NKT322
url: https://www.jx-nmm.com/english/products/copper_foil_and_alloy/02cuti/
kind: datasheet
license: Manufacturer product index (cited, not reproduced)
urbanmines:
title: C19900&C19910 Titanium Copper Alloy, UrbanMines Alloy product listing (reseller)
id: UNS C19900 and C19910 as printed in the listing title
url: https://www.um-alloy.com/C19900C19910Titanium-Copper-Alloy-p6397970.html
kind: web
license: Reseller web page (cited, not reproduced); description text is unreliable and is not used for values
usgs-ti-2026:
title: 'Mineral Commodity Summaries 2026: Titanium and Titanium Dioxide, U.S. Geological Survey'
id: USGS MCS 2026
url: https://pubs.usgs.gov/periodicals/mcs2026/mcs2026-titanium.pdf
year: 2026
kind: report
license: Public domain (USGS)
usgs-cu-2026:
title: 'Mineral Commodity Summaries 2026: Copper, U.S. Geological Survey'
id: USGS MCS 2026
url: https://pubs.usgs.gov/periodicals/mcs2026/mcs2026-copper.pdf
year: 2026
kind: report
license: Public domain (USGS)
pubchem-cu:
title: 'PubChem compound record: Copper (CID 23978), GHS Classification and ECHA C&L Notifications Summary'
id: CID 23978; CAS 7440-50-8
url: https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/23978
kind: database
license: Public database record (cited, not reproduced)
pubchem-ti:
title: 'PubChem compound record: Titanium (CID 23963), GHS Classification and ECHA C&L Notifications Summary'
id: CID 23963; CAS 7440-32-6
url: https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/23963
kind: database
license: Public database record (cited, not reproduced)
avantor-cu-sds:
title: 'Safety Data Sheet: Copper metal, Avantor Performance Materials, version 1.0, revision date 03-17-2015 (hosted by Purdue University)'
id: Product No. 4649, 1736, 1732, 1720, 24600; CAS 7440-50-8
url: https://www.physics.purdue.edu/primelab/safety/MSDS/SDS/copper%20metal%20%20-%20Avantor.pdf
kind: datasheet
license: Supplier safety data sheet (cited, not reproduced)
espi-ti-sds:
title: 'Safety Data Sheet: Titanium, ESPI Metals, revised July 2015 (hosted by Purdue University)'
id: CAS 7440-32-6; EC 231-142-3
url: https://www.physics.purdue.edu/primelab/safety/MSDS/SDS/titanium%20metal%20%20-%20ESPI.pdf
kind: datasheet
license: Supplier safety data sheet (cited, not reproduced)
license: CC-BY-4.0
updated: '2026-11-02'
review:
status: draft
method: assistant
checked_values: 31
unreachable: 1
caveats: 4
note: 'Values read by an AI assistant on 2026-11-01 from the JX Advanced Metals pages and the JX index (HTML text), and from the USGS summaries (PDF text). Unreachable: the copper.org UNS page (maintenance notice) and the matweb record (access blocked). Caveats: the C1990(HP) product form is not named; thermal conductivity and modulus are printed without a test temperature; the UNS C19900 designation comes from a reseller listing; supply shares are not calculated. Hazards were read on 2026-11-02 from the PubChem GHS records for copper (CID 23978) and titanium (CID 23963) and from the copper and titanium metal safety data sheets; these describe the elements, not C1990.'
story:
why: 'Copper titanium C1990 (Cu-3Ti) is a copper alloy with 3.0 wt% titanium that JX Advanced Metals makes as the C1990(HP) alloy and as C1990-GSH(HP) foil. The product page for C1990(HP) gives a tensile specification range of 885 to 1080 MPa in the EH temper, and the foil page gives a typical tensile strength of 1400 MPa. Electrical conductivity is 12 %IACS for the alloy and 8 %IACS for the foil, both at 20 °C. JX lists its uses as connectors, switches, relays and autofocus camera-module springs, and says it can replace beryllium copper in springs. The price of that strength is low conduction and little stretch: the hardest temper, ESH, has a typical elongation of 3.0 %.'
uses:
- where: Connectors, switches and relays
line: JX lists high-end switches, connectors, relays and other electronic parts as the intended uses of C1990(HP).
- where: Autofocus camera modules
line: JX lists the C1990-GSH(HP) foil as the spring material in autofocus camera modules for mobile phones.
- where: Replacement for beryllium copper
line: JX says the alloy can be used in place of beryllium copper, and that its properties equal or exceed those of mill-hardened beryllium copper.
can_do:
- label: Carry current
value: 12 %IACS (alloy) and 8 %IACS (foil)
line: Electrical conductivity at 20 °C is 12 %IACS for C1990(HP) and 8 %IACS for C1990-GSH(HP). Specific resistivity is 144 nΩ·m for the alloy and 216 nΩ·m for the foil.
- label: Carry heat
value: 54 W/mK (alloy) and 39 W/mK (foil)
line: Thermal conductivity is 54 W/mK for C1990(HP) and 39 W/mK for C1990-GSH(HP). Neither page prints a test temperature.
- label: Strength in the EH temper
value: 885 to 1080 MPa tensile specification range
line: In the EH temper, C1990(HP) has a tensile specification range of 885 to 1080 MPa and a typical yield strength of 860 MPa. Yield strength is the stress at which the metal starts to deform permanently.
- label: Foil strength
value: 1400 MPa typical tensile strength
line: The C1990-GSH(HP) foil has a typical tensile strength of 1400 MPa, with a specification range of 1300 to 1600 MPa, and a typical yield strength of 1390 MPa.
- label: Stiffness
value: 127 GPa
line: The modulus of elasticity, which measures how strongly the metal resists stretching, is 127 GPa for both products.
- label: Expansion
value: 18.6 ppm/K
line: The linear expansion coefficient is 18.6 ppm/K between 20 and 300 °C for both products.
compare: JX states that C1990(HP) equals or exceeds mill-hardened beryllium copper, but no beryllium copper values were read, so no comparison number is given. Within this profile the alloy conducts better than the foil (12 %IACS against 8 %IACS, and 54 W/mK against 39 W/mK), while the foil is stronger (1400 MPa typical tensile strength, against an 885 to 1080 MPa specification range for the EH temper of the alloy). These are two products of one composition, so read the rows as a comparison between the two forms, not as a ranking of materials.
compare_rows:
- label: Electrical conductivity
benchmark: electrical_conductivity
- label: Thermal conductivity
benchmark: thermal_conductivity
- label: Yield strength
benchmark: yield_strength
handling:
- Specify the temper. Yield strength and elongation change strongly from EH to ESH, as Table 3 of the JX page shows.
- For foil, specify a thickness of 30 µm to 100 µm and a width up to 450 mm, which JX gives as typical manufacturable dimensions.
- Do not use the specification ranges as typical values. JX prints a dash where a typical value is not given.
good_for:
- 'High-strength springs in connectors: 885 to 1080 MPa tensile specification range in the EH temper of C1990(HP), per JX.'
- 'Thin foil springs: 1400 MPa typical tensile strength for 30 µm to 100 µm foil, per JX.'
- 'Parts that bend in service: JX describes excellent bend formability for the alloy and excellent fatigue properties for the foil.'
watch_out:
- 'Electrical conduction is modest: 12 %IACS for the alloy and 8 %IACS for the foil.'
- 'Stretch in the hardest temper is low: 3.0 % typical elongation in ESH, with no specification minimum printed.'
- JX makes two strength claims for different foils, and neither was tested here. No third-party test was read.
- No corrosion or space data for this alloy were found. Hazard data exists only for its metals, copper and titanium, and not for C1990 itself, so the alloy's own hazards are unknown rather than absent.
verdict: Copper titanium C1990 is a high-strength copper alloy with 3.0 wt% titanium, sold by JX Advanced Metals as C1990(HP) and C1990-GSH(HP) foil. It reaches 885 to 1080 MPa in the EH temper and a typical 1400 MPa in foil, but it conducts only 8 to 12 %IACS and stretches little in its hardest temper. The pages read give no corrosion or space-environment data for this grade, and no hazard data for the alloy itself; the copper and titanium metal records give hazards for the elements only.
recipe:
line: C1990 is a copper alloy in which titanium is the only named alloying element. Copper is the balance, and titanium is 3.0 wt% in the standard composition (JX Table 1). JX says all production steps for its foil run from metal melting to product-width slitting at its Kurami Works.
parts:
- name: Copper
symbol: Cu
share_note: balance (remainder), per the JX composition table
role: The matrix of the alloy. The composition table gives copper as the remainder.
source: jx-hptc
where: Table 1, Cu row (Remainder)
- name: Titanium
symbol: Ti
share_percent: 3
role: The main additive element. JX describes titanium as the additive that gives the copper its high strength and springiness.
source: jx-hptc
where: Table 1, Ti row (3.0); the JX index overview calls titanium the main additive element
risk_groups:
- title: For people
lead: No safety data sheet for C1990 itself was found. The hazards section records the PubChem and supplier data for copper metal and titanium metal, which describe the elements and not this alloy.
level: 0
verdict: Element data only, not the alloy
gap: The JX product pages give no health or safety information.
- title: If it fails
lead: 'The pages name one measured limit that matters for failure: low stretch in the hardest temper.'
points:
- label: Hardest temper
line: The ESH temper has a typical elongation of 3.0 % and no specification minimum, against a typical 17.0 % in EH.
- label: Foil thickness
line: Foil is made at 30 µm to 100 µm, and JX says its higher thickness precision keeps the spring properties stable.
level: 1
verdict: Little stretch in hardest temper
- title: Handling
points:
- label: Pick the temper
line: EH, SH and ESH give different strength and stretch, so the order must name the temper.
- label: Foil width
line: Foil is made up to 450 mm wide, per JX's typical dimensions.
References
Every number above carries a reference number. Click one to see the source and where in it the value comes from.
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