Lanthanum strontium manganite LSM
La1-xSrxMnO3, a perovskite solid solution of lanthanum manganite with strontium replacing part of the lanthanum · CAS 66402-68-4 · perovskite; rhombohedral
Lanthanum strontium manganite (LSM, La1-xSrxMnO3) is a perovskite oxide in which strontium replaces part of the lanthanum.
Evidence level
2 of 5
Lab-measured
- 0Predicted only. No one has made it, or no measurement exists.
- 1Calculated. Only calculated or predicted values from sources.
- 2Lab-measured. Measured properties with their conditions stated.
- 3Space-relevant tests. Measured in conditions relevant to space, such as vacuum or atomic oxygen.
- 4Ground-qualified. Qualified for an application on the ground.
- 5Flown or field-proven. Flight or field results exist.
Curie range
About 350 to 370 K
Apparent density
2.0 g/cm3
Particle size
15 to 45 µm
Recipe, share of the weight
- La not statedLanthanum
- Sr not statedStrontium
- Mn not statedManganese
- O not statedOxygen
Best for
Solid oxide fuel cell cathode work, where Wikipedia says the thermal expansion is well matched to yttria-stabilized zirconia
Weakest at
The sources read here give no measured electrical conductivity, thermal expansion coefficient or melting point. The Curie range is a Wikipedia figure, not a single measurement.
Risk at a glance
- People Low. Harmful on skin contact; SDSs disagree on eye damage
- If it fails Moderate. Contact with strong oxidizing agents
- Corrosion No data. No corrosion data recorded
Quick facts: LSM
| Property | Value | Basis |
|---|---|---|
| Density | 2 g/cm³ | 1 sourced value |
What is the density of Lanthanum strontium manganite (LSM)?
Lanthanum strontium manganite (LSM) has a density of 2 g/cm³. The source and test conditions are listed in the properties table on this page.
What is Lanthanum strontium manganite (LSM) used for?
Uses recorded in the sources include Solid oxide fuel cell cathode; Colossal-magnetoresistance research material.
Why it exists
Lanthanum strontium manganite (LSM, La1-xSrxMnO3) is a perovskite oxide in which strontium replaces part of the lanthanum in LaMnO3. Wikipedia says it is widely used as a cathode in solid oxide fuel cells and that it is one of the manganites that show colossal magnetoresistance. Its cathode use depends on electronic conduction and on a thermal expansion that the article says is well matched to yttria-stabilized zirconia, the usual electrolyte. The sources read here give no measured conductivity, thermal expansion or melting point, so the case rests on composition, the Curie range and the supplier listings.
Where it's used
Solid oxide fuel cell cathode
Wikipedia says LSMO is widely used as a cathode material in solid oxide fuel cells, citing Armstrong and Virkar (2002). The source names no cell or stack model.
Colossal-magnetoresistance research
Wikipedia lists LSMO among the perovskite manganites that show colossal magnetoresistance, where the resistance changes dramatically in an applied magnetic field. The article names no device.
Recipe
La1-xSrxMnO3, a perovskite solid solution of lanthanum manganite with strontium replacing part of the lanthanum
LSM is a lanthanum manganite in which strontium replaces part of the lanthanum, giving La1-xSrxMnO3. Wikipedia defines x as the fraction of La ions replaced by Sr, and its figure caption gives La0.7Sr0.3MnO3 as an example. Both supplier safety sheets describe the powder as a mix of lanthanum oxide, strontium oxide and manganese oxide, not as one named compound.
| Ingredient | Share of the weight | What it does |
|---|---|---|
| Lanthanum La | not stated | The large metal ion of the perovskite structure. Part of it is replaced by strontium. |
| Strontium Sr | not stated | Replaces part of the lanthanum. Wikipedia gives x, the replaced fraction, as the composition variable. |
| Manganese Mn | not stated | The manganese ion in the manganese-oxygen framework. Wikipedia says the conductivity is highest near x = 0.3. |
| Oxygen O | not stated | Three oxygen per formula unit in the ABO3 perovskite structure, according to Wikipedia. |
Weight shares are as printed in the sources.
What it can do
Curie range
About 350 to 370 K
measured
Wikipedia gives a Curie temperature of about 350 to 370 K for the composition near x = 0.3. The same article says conductivity is highest near that composition.
Apparent density
2.0 g/cm3
measured
A supplier powder page gives an apparent density of 2.0 g/cm3. This is a bulk powder figure, not a crystal density.
Particle size
15 to 45 µm
measured
The supplier powder page gives a nominal spheroidal particle size of -45 +15 µm, read here as 15 to 45 µm.
How it compares
LSM is compared here only on the three properties that have a source. Its Curie range is a single range rather than a measured transition, and its apparent density is a bulk powder figure rather than a crystal density. No melting point, conductivity or thermal expansion value could be read, so the table cannot place LSM against other cathodes on those.
The same measurements for each material, so you can compare them. Each row names the key condition under the value; the full conditions and methods are in the numbered notes under Technical details. Other materials are shown beside it; each was measured under its own conditions, so open its page before comparing closely. Compare every grade in the family.
| Measurement | LSM | Al2O3 | BaTiO3 | BeO | CaTiO3 | RCF | CeO2 | CoO and Co3O4 | CuO, Cu2O | HfO2 | Fe2O3, Fe3O4 | PZT | MgO | NiO | Nb2O5 | Al2Si4O10(OH)2 | Ln2O3 | SiO | MgO-SiO2 | SnO2, ITO | TiO2 | WO3 | V2O5 | Y2O3 | ZnO | Mg-PSZ, ATZ, ZTA | YSZ |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Physical and electrical | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Apparent density, powder (Stanford Advanced Materials) | 2 g/cm³1 | 3.72 g/cm³ | 6.08 - | 3.01 g/cu cm | 4.1 g/cc | 64 kg/m3 | 7.65 g/cm³ | 6.45 g/cm³ | 6 - | 9.68 g/cc | 5.24 g/cm³ | 7.8 g/cm³ | 3.58 g/cm³ | 6.67 g/cm³ | 4.6 g/cm³ | 2.3 g/cc | 6.51 g/cm³ | 2.13 g/cc | 2.8 g/cm³ | 6.95 g/mL | 4 g/cm³ | 7.2 g/cm³ | 3.4 - | > 4.9 g/cm³ | 5.67 g/cm³ | 5.72 g/cm³ | 6.02 g/cm³ |
| Temperature behavior | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Curie temperature, composition near x = 0.3 | 350 to 370 K2 | no data | 125 to 128 °C | no data | no data | no data | no data | no data | no data | no data | 858 K | 350 °C | no data | no data | no data | no data | no data | no data | no data | no data | no data | no data | no data | no data | no data | no data | no data |
| Other measurements | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Nominal particle size range, spheroidal powder | 15 to 45 µm3 | no data | no data | no data | no data | no data | no data | no data | no data | no data | no data | no data | no data | no data | no data | no data | no data | no data | no data | no data | no data | no data | no data | no data | no data | no data | no data |
Why choose it, and why not
Good for
- Solid oxide fuel cell cathode work, where the article says the thermal expansion is well matched to yttria-stabilized zirconia.
- Magnetoresistance research near a Curie range of about 350 to 370 K.
Watch out for
- The hazard data disagree. One SDS calls the powder harmful and irritant, the other corrosive to skin and eyes.
- No measured conductivity, thermal expansion or melting point was read, so LSM cannot yet be ranked against other cathodes on those properties.
- The composition varies. The supplier sheets name different manganese oxides (MnO and Mn3O4), and x sets the strontium content.
LSM is a well-known SOFC cathode and a magnetoresistive oxide, but this profile holds only three sourced properties. Its supplier hazard data disagree, so handle the powder as harmful and irritant until the SDS for your exact product is checked.
Technical details
For scientists and researchers. Everything above comes from the record below: every number with its method, its conditions and its source.
Notes
The method, full conditions and any caveat for the numbered rows above.
| # | Measurement | Method | Conditions | Caveat |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Apparent density, powder (Stanford Advanced Materials) | Value printed in the Specifications section of a supplier product page as Range of Apparent Density (g/cm3) | form grey to black spheroidal powder, catalogue MN5871, nominal chemistry (La0.8Sr0.2)0.98MnO3basis apparent (bulk powder) density, not crystal density | The page prints one figure, so it is given as a value and not as a range. |
| 2 | Curie temperature, composition near x = 0.3 | Range stated in the Wikipedia article, electronic and magnetic properties section; no single measurement is given | composition La1-xSrxMnO3 near x = 0.3 (figure caption example La0.7Sr0.3MnO3)note as stated in the article | Stated as a range, not a measured point. Read as approximate. |
| 3 | Nominal particle size range, spheroidal powder | Nominal particle size distribution printed in the Specifications section of a supplier product page | form spheroidal powder, catalogue MN5871sieve nominal -45 +15 µm band as printed | Custom snake_case name, not in property-canon.yaml. The printed band is -45 +15 µm, read here as 15 to 45 µm. |
Corrosion and compatibility
What happens when it meets other materials and environments.
| Environment | Concern | What happens |
|---|---|---|
| Strong acids, strong bases and strong oxidizing agents | not rated | Both SDSs list strong acids, strong bases or oxidizers as incompatible. No corrosion rate or test was read.1 |
| High temperature in a solid oxide fuel cell stack (about 800 °C and above) | not rated | The cathode is said to match the thermal expansion of the usual zirconia electrolyte. No ageing or degradation study was read.2 |
| # | Environment | Details | Test conditions |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Strong acids, strong bases and strong oxidizing agents | The Fuel Cell Store sheet lists strong acids, strong bases and strong oxidizers as incompatible materials. The Stanford sheet says the material reacts with strong oxidizing agents. Neither gives a rate, a test result or a time scale. | basis incompatibility lists in two supplier SDSs; no testform powder |
| 2 | High temperature in a solid oxide fuel cell stack (about 800 °C and above) | Wikipedia says LSMO is widely used as a cathode in solid oxide fuel cells and that its thermal expansion is well matched to yttria-stabilized zirconia. The supplier powder page says it performs well above 800 °C. No ageing, degradation or corrosion study was read. | basis qualitative compatibility statements; no ageing testnote a compatibility statement, not a corrosion test |
Risks and side effects
Hazards to people, what happens when a cell overheats, and how the material is handled and stored.
For people
Two supplier safety data sheets classify the powder, and they do not agree. The Stanford sheet gives irritant and harmful hazards. The Fuel Cell Store sheet, for a different composition, gives skin burns and serious eye damage.
- Stanford hazards
- H312 (harmful in contact with skin), H315 (causes skin irritation), H319 (causes serious eye irritation) and H335 (may cause respiratory irritation). Signal word Warning.
- Fuel Cell Store hazards
- H314 (causes severe skin burns and eye damage) and H318 (causes serious eye damage), signal word Danger. Strontium oxide in its composition is Skin Corr. 1B.
- Component
- PubChem records H315, H319 and H335, signal word Warning, for lanthanum sesquioxide, one of the components.
In a fire
Heat or fire releases metal oxide fumes. No service-incident or failure-rate data were read.
- Fume
- The Stanford sheet says a fire can release metal oxide fume. The Fuel Cell Store sheet lists oxides of carbon, strontium, manganese and lanthanum as decomposition products.
- Mixing
- The Stanford sheet says the material reacts with strong oxidizing agents. Both sheets list strong acids, strong bases or oxidizers as incompatible.
Handling and storage
- Storage
- Keep the container tightly sealed in a cool, dry place, away from oxidizing agents (Stanford sheet). The Fuel Cell Store sheet adds strong acids and strong bases to the incompatible list.
- Dust and exposure
- Use a fume hood, nitrile gloves (0.11 mm, 480 minutes penetration time) and safety glasses. Stanford advises a P100 or P3 cartridge respirator as a backup to engineering controls.
- Dust clothing
- Fuel Cell Store advises dustproof, corrosionproof clothing where dust forms.
Test details
The original wording and numbers from the sources, for readers who want them.
Failure risks
| Failure | Trigger and consequence |
|---|---|
| Fire involving the powderlow severity | Powder involved in a fireReleases metal oxide fume (Stanford sheet). The Fuel Cell Store sheet lists oxides of carbon, strontium, manganese and lanthanum as decomposition products. |
| Contact with strong oxidizing agentsmoderate severity | Mixing with strong oxidizing agents, strong acids or strong basesThe Stanford sheet says the material reacts with strong oxidizing agents. No reaction products beyond metal oxide fume are named. |
Handling and storage
- Stanford sheet: keep the container tightly sealed in a cool, dry place, away from oxidizing agents, and ensure good ventilation at the workplace.
- Stanford sheet: use a properly operating chemical fume hood, nitrile gloves (0.11 mm thickness, 480 minutes penetration time) and safety glasses. Use a P100 or P3 respirator cartridge as a backup to engineering controls.
- Fuel Cell Store sheet: avoid dust formation and wear dustproof, corrosionproof clothing where dust is produced.
Supply and geography
How common the raw materials are and where they come from.
Manganese (mine production, manganese content)
- Top producers (2025)
- South Africa 38%, Gabon 25%, Ghana 10%, Australia 8%
- Critical mineral lists
- US: listed
- Recycling
- USGS: Manganese was recycled incidentally as a constituent of ferrous and nonferrous scrap; scrap recovery specifically for manganese was negligible.
- Substitutes
- USGS: Manganese has no satisfactory substitute in its major applications.
Rare earths (lanthanum is one of them; not split out in the USGS table)
- Top producers (2025)
- China 69.2%, United States 13.1%, Australia 7.4%, Burma 5.6%
- Critical mineral lists
- US: listed
- Recycling
- USGS: Limited quantities of rare earths were recovered from batteries, permanent magnets and fluorescent lamps.
- Substitutes
- USGS: Substitutes are available for many applications but generally are less effective.
Documents
Datasheets, safety data sheets, papers and standards you can open.
Full record
The complete spore, as stored. Free to reuse under CC-BY-4.0. Images keep the licence shown with each one.
Show the full YAML
spore: profile
id: lanthanum-manganite
spore_version: 0.2
family: oxide-ceramics
name: Lanthanum strontium manganite
abbreviation: LSM
role: perovskite oxide cathode for solid oxide fuel cells and colossal-magnetoresistance manganite
category: ceramics
type: oxides
summary: |
Lanthanum strontium manganite (LSM, La1-xSrxMnO3) is a perovskite oxide in which strontium replaces part of the lanthanum. Wikipedia says it is widely used as a cathode in solid oxide fuel cells and that it belongs to the manganites that show colossal magnetoresistance. A supplier powder sheet gives an apparent density of 2.0 g/cm3 and a nominal particle size of 15 to 45 µm. Wikipedia gives a Curie temperature of about 350 to 370 K near x = 0.3. Two supplier safety data sheets disagree on the hazard class.
best_for: Solid oxide fuel cell cathode work, where Wikipedia says the thermal expansion is well matched to yttria-stabilized zirconia
weakest_at: The sources read here give no measured electrical conductivity, thermal expansion coefficient or melting point. The Curie range is a Wikipedia figure, not a single measurement.
identity:
formula: La1-xSrxMnO3, a perovskite solid solution of lanthanum manganite with strontium replacing part of the lanthanum
cas: 66402-68-4
crystal_system: perovskite; rhombohedral, orthorhombic, cubic or hexagonal depending on Sr content
source: wiki-lsm
where: Lead section (formula, ABO3 perovskite); Structure section (crystal symmetries by Sr content). CAS number from the Fuel Cell Store SDS, section 1 and section 3; the Stanford sheet gives no CAS for the mixture.
tags:
environments: []
stresses:
- extreme-heat
applications:
- batteries
- electronics-and-chips
properties:
- benchmark: density
label: Apparent density, powder (Stanford Advanced Materials)
value: 2
unit: g/cm3
scope: material
conditions:
form: grey to black spheroidal powder, catalogue MN5871, nominal chemistry (La0.8Sr0.2)0.98MnO3
basis: apparent (bulk powder) density, not crystal density
method: Value printed in the Specifications section of a supplier product page as Range of Apparent Density (g/cm3)
status: ground
note: The page prints one figure, so it is given as a value and not as a range.
source: sa-lsm-powder
where: Specifications section, Range of Apparent Density (g/cm3) row
- benchmark: curie_temperature
label: Curie temperature, composition near x = 0.3
value: 350
value_high: 370
bound: range
unit: K
scope: material
conditions:
composition: La1-xSrxMnO3 near x = 0.3 (figure caption example La0.7Sr0.3MnO3)
note: as stated in the article
method: Range stated in the Wikipedia article, electronic and magnetic properties section; no single measurement is given
status: ground
note: Stated as a range, not a measured point. Read as approximate.
source: wiki-lsm
where: Electronic and magnetic properties section
- benchmark: particle_size_distribution
label: Nominal particle size range, spheroidal powder
value: 15
value_high: 45
bound: range
unit: µm
scope: material
conditions:
form: spheroidal powder, catalogue MN5871
sieve: nominal -45 +15 µm band as printed
method: Nominal particle size distribution printed in the Specifications section of a supplier product page
status: ground
note: Custom snake_case name, not in property-canon.yaml. The printed band is -45 +15 µm, read here as 15 to 45 µm.
source: sa-lsm-powder
where: Specifications section, Nom. Particle Size Distr. (µm) row
corrosion:
- environment: Strong acids, strong bases and strong oxidizing agents
headline: Both SDSs list strong acids, strong bases or oxidizers as incompatible. No corrosion rate or test was read.
effect: The Fuel Cell Store sheet lists strong acids, strong bases and strong oxidizers as incompatible materials. The Stanford sheet says the material reacts with strong oxidizing agents. Neither gives a rate, a test result or a time scale.
rating: unknown
conditions:
basis: incompatibility lists in two supplier SDSs; no test
form: powder
source: fcs-lsm
where: Section 7.2 and Section 10.5 (Incompatible materials). Stanford sheet, Section 10 (Possibility of hazardous reactions).
- environment: High temperature in a solid oxide fuel cell stack (about 800 °C and above)
headline: The cathode is said to match the thermal expansion of the usual zirconia electrolyte. No ageing or degradation study was read.
effect: Wikipedia says LSMO is widely used as a cathode in solid oxide fuel cells and that its thermal expansion is well matched to yttria-stabilized zirconia. The supplier powder page says it performs well above 800 °C. No ageing, degradation or corrosion study was read.
rating: unknown
conditions:
basis: qualitative compatibility statements; no ageing test
note: a compatibility statement, not a corrosion test
source: wiki-lsm
where: Applications section (fuel cell cathode, thermal expansion match). Supplier powder page, product description.
risks:
hazards:
- text: 'Stanford Advanced Materials sheet, OSHA HCS: Acute Tox. 4 (H312, harmful in contact with skin), Skin Irrit. 2 (H315), Eye Irrit. 2A (H319, causes serious eye irritation) and STOT SE 3 (H335, may cause respiratory irritation). Signal word Warning.'
ghs: []
source: sa-lsm
where: Section 2 (Hazards identification)
- text: 'Fuel Cell Store sheet, for CAS 66402-68-4: Skin Corr. 1B (H314, causes severe skin burns and eye damage) and Eye Dam. 1 (H318, causes serious eye damage). Signal word Danger. Strontium oxide in the composition is Skin Corr. 1B (H314). The two supplier sheets disagree.'
ghs: []
source: fcs-lsm
where: Section 2 (Hazards identification) and Section 3 (Composition)
- text: 'PubChem for lanthanum sesquioxide, one of the components: H315, H319 and H335 with the signal word Warning, from the notifier summary.'
ghs: []
source: pubchem-la2o3
where: Safety and Hazards, GHS Classification (CID 150906)
failure_risks:
- mode: Fire involving the powder
trigger: Powder involved in a fire
consequence: Releases metal oxide fume (Stanford sheet). The Fuel Cell Store sheet lists oxides of carbon, strontium, manganese and lanthanum as decomposition products.
severity: low
source: sa-lsm
where: Section 5 (Special hazards) and Section 10 (Hazardous decomposition products)
- mode: Contact with strong oxidizing agents
trigger: Mixing with strong oxidizing agents, strong acids or strong bases
consequence: The Stanford sheet says the material reacts with strong oxidizing agents. No reaction products beyond metal oxide fume are named.
severity: moderate
source: sa-lsm
where: Section 10 (Possibility of hazardous reactions; Incompatible materials)
handling:
- text: 'Stanford sheet: keep the container tightly sealed in a cool, dry place, away from oxidizing agents, and ensure good ventilation at the workplace.'
source: sa-lsm
where: Section 7 (Handling and storage)
- text: 'Stanford sheet: use a properly operating chemical fume hood, nitrile gloves (0.11 mm thickness, 480 minutes penetration time) and safety glasses. Use a P100 or P3 respirator cartridge as a backup to engineering controls.'
source: sa-lsm
where: Section 8 (Exposure controls and personal protection)
- text: 'Fuel Cell Store sheet: avoid dust formation and wear dustproof, corrosionproof clothing where dust is produced.'
source: fcs-lsm
where: Section 8 (Skin and body protection)
uses:
- application: batteries
device: Solid oxide fuel cell cathode
example: Wikipedia says LSMO is widely used as a cathode material in solid oxide fuel cells, citing Armstrong and Virkar (2002). The source names no stack or cell model. A fuel cell is not a battery; it is filed here because the applications list has no fuel-cell category.
source: wiki-lsm
where: Applications section
- application: electronics-and-chips
device: Colossal-magnetoresistance research material
example: Wikipedia lists LSMO among the perovskite manganites that show colossal magnetoresistance, where the resistance changes dramatically in an applied magnetic field. The article names no device.
source: wiki-lsm
where: Transport and spintronic properties section
supply:
- subject: Manganese (mine production, manganese content)
producers:
- country: South Africa
share_percent: 38
year: 2025
- country: Gabon
share_percent: 25
year: 2025
- country: Ghana
share_percent: 10
year: 2025
- country: Australia
share_percent: 8
year: 2025
critical_lists:
- list: USGS 2025 List of Critical Minerals (manganese, used in steel production and batteries)
listed: true
recycling: 'USGS: Manganese was recycled incidentally as a constituent of ferrous and nonferrous scrap; scrap recovery specifically for manganese was negligible.'
substitutes:
- 'USGS: Manganese has no satisfactory substitute in its major applications.'
source: usgs-mn
where: World Mine Production and Reserves table, 2025e column (world total 20,000 thousand t, rounded). Shares calculated by Space Mushroom against the printed world total. Recycling and Substitutes sections.
- subject: Rare earths (lanthanum is one of them; not split out in the USGS table)
producers:
- country: China
share_percent: 69.2
year: 2025
- country: United States
share_percent: 13.1
year: 2025
- country: Australia
share_percent: 7.4
year: 2025
- country: Burma
share_percent: 5.6
year: 2025
critical_lists:
- list: USGS 2025 List of Critical Minerals (lanthanum, used in chemical catalysts, metallurgy and batteries)
listed: true
recycling: 'USGS: Limited quantities of rare earths were recovered from batteries, permanent magnets and fluorescent lamps.'
substitutes:
- 'USGS: Substitutes are available for many applications but generally are less effective.'
source: usgs-rare
where: World Mine Production and Reserves table, 2025 column (world total 390,000 t of rare-earth oxide, rounded). Shares calculated by Space Mushroom. Recycling and Substitutes sections. Lanthanum listing from the USGS critical-minerals page.
documents:
- title: 'Stanford Advanced Materials safety data sheet: Lanthanum Strontium Manganese Oxide (revised 01/01/2023)'
type: sds
url: https://samaterials.com/tds/1697119985-1889-lanthanum-strontium-manganite-lsm-cathode-powder-sds.pdf
year: 2023
- title: 'Fuel Cell Store safety data sheet: lanthanum strontium manganite powder (CAS 66402-68-4, revision date 10/01/2015)'
type: sds
url: https://www.fuelcellstore.com/msds-sheets/lanthanum-strontium-manganite-powder-msds.pdf
year: 2015
- title: 'PubChem: Lanthanum sesquioxide (CID 150906), GHS classification'
type: database
url: https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/150906
year: 2026
- title: 'USGS Mineral Commodity Summaries 2026: Rare earths'
type: report
url: https://pubs.usgs.gov/periodicals/mcs2026/mcs2026-rare-earths.pdf
year: 2026
- title: 'USGS Mineral Commodity Summaries 2026: Manganese'
type: report
url: https://pubs.usgs.gov/periodicals/mcs2026/mcs2026-manganese.pdf
year: 2026
gaps:
- Only three properties have a value in a source read here. Melting point, crystal density, thermal expansion coefficient, electrical conductivity and oxygen transport were not found in an accessible source. encyclopedia.pub, recercat and the American Elements LSM page returned 403, and a Thai thesis PDF timed out. An encyclopedia.pub entry on LSM20 appeared in search results with thermal expansion and conductivity figures, but the page itself could not be opened, so none of its numbers are used.
- No PubChem record for the LSM solid solution was found. Only the component lanthanum sesquioxide (CID 150906) is cited.
- The two SDSs disagree. Stanford gives H312, H315, H319 and H335 (Warning), with manganese(II) oxide (CAS 1344-43-0) in the composition. Fuel Cell Store gives H314 and H318 (Danger), with manganese oxide given as Mn3O4 (CAS 1317-35-7) and a 100 percent product entry under CAS 66402-68-4. The hazard row keeps both.
- Strontium supply, abundance and critical-list status were not read. Lanthanum abundance was not read.
- The EU critical raw materials list was not checked for lanthanum or manganese.
- Lanthanum production is not split from the rare-earth total in the USGS table, so the rare-earth shares describe the group.
- No humidity, ageing, radiation, vacuum or flight result was found. No space application was read, so no environments tag is given.
- The particle size property uses a custom snake_case name (particle_size_distribution) because no canonical name fits.
- The colossal-magnetoresistance use names no device. Its application tag is only a research use.
- The solid oxide fuel cell use is tagged batteries because the applications list has no fuel-cell category.
sources:
sa-lsm:
title: 'Stanford Advanced Materials: Safety Data Sheet, Lanthanum Strontium Manganese Oxide'
id: Revised 01/01/2023; accessed 25/08/2023; CAS number blank on the sheet; components CAS 1312-81-8, 1314-11-0, 1344-43-0
url: https://samaterials.com/tds/1697119985-1889-lanthanum-strontium-manganite-lsm-cathode-powder-sds.pdf
year: 2023
kind: datasheet
license: supplier document, linked not reproduced
fcs-lsm:
title: 'Fuel Cell Store: Safety Data Sheet, Lanthanum strontium manganite powder'
id: CAS 66402-68-4; revision date 10/01/2015; version 1.0
url: https://www.fuelcellstore.com/msds-sheets/lanthanum-strontium-manganite-powder-msds.pdf
year: 2015
kind: datasheet
license: supplier document, linked not reproduced
sa-lsm-powder:
title: 'Stanford Advanced Materials: (La0.8Sr0.2)0.98MnO3 powder, catalogue MN5871, product page'
id: Catalogue MN5871; Specifications section
url: https://powder.samaterials.com/mn5871-la08-sr02098-mno3-powder.html
kind: web
license: supplier page, linked not reproduced
wiki-lsm:
title: 'Wikipedia: Lanthanum strontium manganite'
id: Wikipedia article, read 2026-10-26
url: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lanthanum_strontium_manganite
year: 2026
kind: web
license: CC BY-SA 4.0 (cited, not reproduced)
pubchem-la2o3:
title: PubChem compound record, Lanthanum sesquioxide (CID 150906)
id: CID 150906; molecular formula La2O3; molecular weight 325.809
url: https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/150906
year: 2026
kind: database
license: public domain (NCBI)
usgs-rare:
title: Mineral Commodity Summaries 2026, Rare Earths
id: USGS MCS 2026, February 2026
url: https://pubs.usgs.gov/periodicals/mcs2026/mcs2026-rare-earths.pdf
year: 2026
kind: report
license: public domain (USGS)
usgs-mn:
title: Mineral Commodity Summaries 2026, Manganese
id: USGS MCS 2026, February 2026
url: https://pubs.usgs.gov/periodicals/mcs2026/mcs2026-manganese.pdf
year: 2026
kind: report
license: public domain (USGS)
usgs-crit:
title: About the 2025 List of Critical Minerals (USGS)
id: 2025 List of Critical Minerals; 60 minerals
url: https://www.usgs.gov/programs/mineral-resources-program/science/about-2025-list-critical-minerals
year: 2025
kind: web
license: public domain (USGS)
license: CC-BY-4.0
updated: '2026-10-26'
review:
status: draft
method: assistant
checked_values: 3
unreachable: 4
caveats: 2
note: 'Read by an AI assistant on 2026-10-26. Unreachable in that run: encyclopedia.pub (403), recercat (403), the American Elements LSM page (403), a Thai thesis PDF (timeout). Caveats: the two SDSs disagree on hazard class and composition; the Curie range is a Wikipedia range, not a measurement.'
story:
recipe:
line: LSM is a lanthanum manganite in which strontium replaces part of the lanthanum, giving La1-xSrxMnO3. Wikipedia defines x as the fraction of La ions replaced by Sr, and its figure caption gives La0.7Sr0.3MnO3 as an example. Both supplier safety sheets describe the powder as a mix of lanthanum oxide, strontium oxide and manganese oxide, not as one named compound.
parts:
- name: Lanthanum
symbol: La
role: The large metal ion of the perovskite structure. Part of it is replaced by strontium.
- name: Strontium
symbol: Sr
role: Replaces part of the lanthanum. Wikipedia gives x, the replaced fraction, as the composition variable.
- name: Manganese
symbol: Mn
role: The manganese ion in the manganese-oxygen framework. Wikipedia says the conductivity is highest near x = 0.3.
- name: Oxygen
symbol: O
role: Three oxygen per formula unit in the ABO3 perovskite structure, according to Wikipedia.
risk_groups:
- title: For people
level: 1
verdict: Harmful on skin contact; SDSs disagree on eye damage
lead: Two supplier safety data sheets classify the powder, and they do not agree. The Stanford sheet gives irritant and harmful hazards. The Fuel Cell Store sheet, for a different composition, gives skin burns and serious eye damage.
points:
- label: Stanford hazards
line: H312 (harmful in contact with skin), H315 (causes skin irritation), H319 (causes serious eye irritation) and H335 (may cause respiratory irritation). Signal word Warning.
- label: Fuel Cell Store hazards
line: H314 (causes severe skin burns and eye damage) and H318 (causes serious eye damage), signal word Danger. Strontium oxide in its composition is Skin Corr. 1B.
- label: Component
line: PubChem records H315, H319 and H335, signal word Warning, for lanthanum sesquioxide, one of the components.
- title: In a fire
lead: Heat or fire releases metal oxide fumes. No service-incident or failure-rate data were read.
points:
- label: Fume
line: The Stanford sheet says a fire can release metal oxide fume. The Fuel Cell Store sheet lists oxides of carbon, strontium, manganese and lanthanum as decomposition products.
- label: Mixing
line: The Stanford sheet says the material reacts with strong oxidizing agents. Both sheets list strong acids, strong bases or oxidizers as incompatible.
- title: Handling and storage
points:
- label: Storage
line: Keep the container tightly sealed in a cool, dry place, away from oxidizing agents (Stanford sheet). The Fuel Cell Store sheet adds strong acids and strong bases to the incompatible list.
- label: Dust and exposure
line: Use a fume hood, nitrile gloves (0.11 mm, 480 minutes penetration time) and safety glasses. Stanford advises a P100 or P3 cartridge respirator as a backup to engineering controls.
- label: Dust clothing
line: Fuel Cell Store advises dustproof, corrosionproof clothing where dust forms.
why: Lanthanum strontium manganite (LSM, La1-xSrxMnO3) is a perovskite oxide in which strontium replaces part of the lanthanum in LaMnO3. Wikipedia says it is widely used as a cathode in solid oxide fuel cells and that it is one of the manganites that show colossal magnetoresistance. Its cathode use depends on electronic conduction and on a thermal expansion that the article says is well matched to yttria-stabilized zirconia, the usual electrolyte. The sources read here give no measured conductivity, thermal expansion or melting point, so the case rests on composition, the Curie range and the supplier listings.
uses:
- where: Solid oxide fuel cell cathode
line: Wikipedia says LSMO is widely used as a cathode material in solid oxide fuel cells, citing Armstrong and Virkar (2002). The source names no cell or stack model.
- where: Colossal-magnetoresistance research
line: Wikipedia lists LSMO among the perovskite manganites that show colossal magnetoresistance, where the resistance changes dramatically in an applied magnetic field. The article names no device.
can_do:
- label: Curie range
value: About 350 to 370 K
benchmark: curie_temperature
line: Wikipedia gives a Curie temperature of about 350 to 370 K for the composition near x = 0.3. The same article says conductivity is highest near that composition.
- label: Apparent density
value: 2.0 g/cm3
benchmark: density
line: A supplier powder page gives an apparent density of 2.0 g/cm3. This is a bulk powder figure, not a crystal density.
- label: Particle size
value: 15 to 45 µm
benchmark: particle_size_distribution
line: The supplier powder page gives a nominal spheroidal particle size of -45 +15 µm, read here as 15 to 45 µm.
compare: LSM is compared here only on the three properties that have a source. Its Curie range is a single range rather than a measured transition, and its apparent density is a bulk powder figure rather than a crystal density. No melting point, conductivity or thermal expansion value could be read, so the table cannot place LSM against other cathodes on those.
compare_rows:
- label: Apparent density
benchmark: density
- label: Curie temperature range
benchmark: curie_temperature
- label: Nominal particle size
benchmark: particle_size_distribution
handling:
- Keep the container tightly sealed in a cool, dry place, away from oxidizing agents (Stanford sheet).
- Use a fume hood, nitrile gloves and safety glasses. Stanford advises a P100 or P3 cartridge respirator as a backup.
- Strong acids and strong bases are also listed as incompatible by the Fuel Cell Store sheet.
good_for:
- Solid oxide fuel cell cathode work, where the article says the thermal expansion is well matched to yttria-stabilized zirconia.
- Magnetoresistance research near a Curie range of about 350 to 370 K.
watch_out:
- The hazard data disagree. One SDS calls the powder harmful and irritant, the other corrosive to skin and eyes.
- No measured conductivity, thermal expansion or melting point was read, so LSM cannot yet be ranked against other cathodes on those properties.
- The composition varies. The supplier sheets name different manganese oxides (MnO and Mn3O4), and x sets the strontium content.
verdict: LSM is a well-known SOFC cathode and a magnetoresistive oxide, but this profile holds only three sourced properties. Its supplier hazard data disagree, so handle the powder as harmful and irritant until the SDS for your exact product is checked.
References
Every number above carries a reference number. Click one to see the source and where in it the value comes from.
| # | Source | Type | Year | Used for |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Stanford Advanced Materials: Safety Data Sheet, Lanthanum Strontium Manganese Oxide | datasheet | 2023 | 5 values | |
| Fuel Cell Store: Safety Data Sheet, Lanthanum strontium manganite powder | datasheet | 2015 | 3 values | |
| Stanford Advanced Materials: (La0.8Sr0.2)0.98MnO3 powder, catalogue MN5871, product page | web | 2 values | ||
| Wikipedia: Lanthanum strontium manganite | web | 2026 | 5 values | |
| PubChem compound record, Lanthanum sesquioxide (CID 150906) | database | 2026 | 1 value | |
| Mineral Commodity Summaries 2026, Rare Earths | report | 2026 | 1 value | |
| Mineral Commodity Summaries 2026, Manganese | report | 2026 | 1 value | |
| About the 2025 List of Critical Minerals (USGS) | web | 2025 | 0 values |