Fecralloy Fe-Cr-Al-Y
Ferritic iron-chromium-aluminium alloy, nominal Fe 72.8, Cr 22, Al 5, Y 0.1, Zr 0.1 (wt %), UNS K92500
Also known as UNS K92500, Fecralloy
Fecralloy is a ferritic iron-chromium-aluminium alloy with small yttrium and zirconium additions, sold as UNS K92500.
Evidence level
2 of 5
Lab-measured
- 0Predicted only. No one has made it, or no measurement exists.
- 1Calculated. Only calculated or predicted values from sources.
- 2Lab-measured. Measured properties with their conditions stated.
- 3Space-relevant tests. Measured in conditions relevant to space, such as vacuum or atomic oxygen.
- 4Ground-qualified. Qualified for an application on the ground.
- 5Flown or field-proven. Flight or field results exist.
Heat in air
1100 to 1300 °C
Carry current as a heater
134 µΩ·cm
Stay solid when hot
1380 to 1490 °C
Strength in foil
560 MPa tensile
Recipe, share of the weight
- Fe 72.8%Iron
- Cr 22%Chromium
- Al 5%Aluminium
- Y 0.1%Yttrium
- Zr 0.1%Zirconium
Best for
Heating elements in air at high temperature, where the printed 1100 to 1300 °C use range and the alumina scale are the main reasons to choose it
Weakest at
Strength at temperature: Goodfellow says only that strength is good up to 1000 °C, and no creep data for this grade were found
Risk at a glance
- People Low. No data read
- If it fails Moderate. Oxidation above the printed use range
- Corrosion Low. Goodfellow says the alloy resists oxidation and corrosion even above 1200 °C.
Quick facts: Fe-Cr-Al-Y
| Property | Value | Basis |
|---|---|---|
| Density | 7.22 g/cm³ | 1 sourced value |
| Tensile strength | 560 MPa | 1 sourced value |
| Thermal conductivity | 16 W/(m·K) | 1 sourced value |
| Thermal expansion (CTE) | 11.1 ppm/K | 1 sourced value |
| Melting point | 1,380 to 1,490 °C | 1 sourced value |
| Electrical resistivity | 0.0000013 Ω·m | 1 sourced value |
| Maximum service temperature | 1,100 to 1,300 °C | 1 sourced value |
What is the density of Fecralloy (Fe-Cr-Al-Y)?
Fecralloy (Fe-Cr-Al-Y) has a density of 7.22 g/cm³. The source and test conditions are listed in the properties table on this page.
What is the thermal conductivity of Fecralloy (Fe-Cr-Al-Y)?
Fecralloy (Fe-Cr-Al-Y) has a thermal conductivity of 16 W/(m·K). The source and test conditions are listed in the properties table on this page.
What is the coefficient of thermal expansion of Fecralloy (Fe-Cr-Al-Y)?
Fecralloy (Fe-Cr-Al-Y) has a coefficient of thermal expansion of 11.1 ppm/K. The source and test conditions are listed in the properties table on this page.
What is the melting point of Fecralloy (Fe-Cr-Al-Y)?
Fecralloy (Fe-Cr-Al-Y) has a melting point of 1,380 to 1,490 °C. The source and test conditions are listed in the properties table on this page.
What is the tensile strength of Fecralloy (Fe-Cr-Al-Y)?
Fecralloy (Fe-Cr-Al-Y) has a tensile strength of 560 MPa. The source and test conditions are listed in the properties table on this page.
What are the other names and codes for Fecralloy (Fe-Cr-Al-Y)?
Fecralloy (Fe-Cr-Al-Y) is also written as UNS K92500, Fecralloy. Each code is printed in the source listed beside it in the designations table.
What is Fecralloy (Fe-Cr-Al-Y) used for?
Uses recorded in the sources include Resistance heating elements; Gas burner filters.
Why it exists
Fecralloy is a ferritic iron-chromium-aluminium alloy with small yttrium and zirconium additions (UNS K92500). Goodfellow describes a dense, adherent alumina scale that gives oxidation resistance in air. The alloy is an electrical resistor, with a resistivity of 134 µΩ·cm, and it melts between 1380 and 1490 °C. Its weak points are the lack of strength data above 1000 °C and the lack of any space-flight data. It is used in heating elements, gas burner filters and high-temperature sensors, and as a catalyst support foil in exhaust systems.
Where it's used
Heating elements
Goodfellow lists heating elements first among the common uses of Fecralloy, along with gas burner filters, catalytic converter supports and high-temperature sensors.
Gas burner filters
Goodfellow lists gas burner filters among the common uses. This is a ground use. No space use was found.
Catalyst supports on the ground
Goodfellow lists catalytic converter supports among the common uses. Exhaust catalysts are a terrestrial use, so this profile does not list it as a space application.
Recipe
Ferritic iron-chromium-aluminium alloy, nominal Fe 72.8, Cr 22, Al 5, Y 0.1, Zr 0.1 (wt %), UNS K92500
Fecralloy is a ferritic iron-chromium-aluminium alloy with yttrium and zirconium trace additions. Goodfellow gives the nominal composition as Fe 72.8, Cr 22, Al 5, Y 0.1, Zr 0.1, and its material information page gives the Fe, Cr and Al figures in wt %.
| Ingredient | Share of the weight | What it does |
|---|---|---|
| Iron Fe | 72.8% | The matrix of the alloy, a ferritic iron-chromium solid solution. |
| Chromium Cr | 22% | Forms the chromium-rich part of the matrix and helps the alumina scale bond to the metal (Goodfellow). |
| Aluminium Al | 5% | Forms the dense, adherent alumina (Al2O3) scale that protects the alloy in air (Goodfellow). |
| Yttrium Y | 0.1% | A trace addition that Goodfellow says improves oxide adhesion and longevity. The printed share has no unit on the foil page, and it is read as wt %. |
| Zirconium Zr | 0.1% | A trace addition that Goodfellow lists with yttrium for oxide adhesion. The printed share has no unit on the foil page, and it is read as wt %. |
Weight shares are as printed in the sources.
What it can do
Heat in air
1100 to 1300 °C
measured
The maximum use temperature in air is printed as 1100 to 1300 °C. The page gives no test duration.
Carry current as a heater
134 µΩ·cm
measured
The electrical resistivity is 134 µΩ·cm. The page does not give the temperature for this value.
Stay solid when hot
1380 to 1490 °C
measured
The melting range is printed as 1380 to 1490 °C.
Strength in foil
560 MPa tensile
measured
The tensile strength is 560 MPa for foil and sheet. The page does not state the temper.
How it compares
This profile has no second heating alloy read in the same run, so the compare rows use Fecralloy's own figures. For context only, Kanthal's APM wire datasheet, a related FeCrAl grade with a different composition, gives a higher maximum continuous operating temperature in air than the Fecralloy range printed above. That is not a Fecralloy value. Read the compare rows as Fecralloy's own numbers.
The same measurements for each material, so you can compare them. Each row names the key condition under the value; the full conditions and methods are in the numbered notes under Technical details. Compare every grade in the family.
| Measurement | Fe-Cr-Al-Y |
|---|---|
| Thermal behavior and safety | |
| Melting range, FecralloyRange printed on a supplier product page | 1380 to 1490 °C |
| Thermal conductivity at 23 °C, FecralloyValue printed on a supplier product page | 16 W/(m·K)4 |
| Physical and electrical | |
| Density, Fecralloy foil and sheetValue printed on a supplier product page | 7.22 g/cm³1 |
| Electrical resistivity, FecralloyValue printed on a supplier product page | 134 µΩ·cm3 |
| Hardness (Vickers), FecralloyValue printed on a supplier product page | 230 kgf mm⁻²8 |
| Temperature behavior | |
| Curie temperature, FecralloyValue printed on a supplier product page | 600 °C |
| Temperature coefficient, as printed | 1×10^-4 K⁻¹9 |
| Other measurements | |
| Maximum use temperature in air, Fecralloy | 1100 to 1300 °C2 |
| Coefficient of thermal expansion, 20 to 100 °C, FecralloyValue printed on a supplier product page | 11.1 ppm/K5 |
| Tensile strength, Fecralloy foil and sheet, room temperatureValue printed on a supplier product page | 560 MPa6 |
| Elongation at break, Fecralloy foil and sheetValue printed on a supplier product page | < 25 %7 |
Why choose it, and why not
Good for
- Heating elements in air: 134 µΩ·cm resistivity and a printed use range of 1100 to 1300 °C (Goodfellow).
- Oxidation resistance in air: a dense, adherent alumina scale, which Goodfellow says protects the alloy above 1200 °C.
- Foil at room temperature: 560 MPa tensile strength (Goodfellow foil page).
Watch out for
- Strength at temperature: Goodfellow says good strength only up to 1000 °C, and no creep data for this grade were found.
- Only supplier data for this grade; no temper, test duration or oxidation rate is printed.
- No hazard data were read for K92500, and no space-flight data were found.
Fecralloy is a resistance and high-temperature oxidation alloy with a printed use range of 1100 to 1300 °C in air. The supplier data are thin: they give the main properties, but no strength data above 1000 °C, no oxidation rate and no hazard classification.
Technical details
For scientists and researchers. Everything above comes from the record below: every number with its method, its conditions and its source.
Other names and standards
The same grade under other systems, as datasheets and standards print them. Each code was checked against the page it comes from.
| System | Codes |
|---|---|
| UNS | K92500 |
| Trade name | Fecralloy |
Notes
The method, full conditions and any caveat for the numbered rows above.
| # | Measurement | Method | Conditions | Caveat |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Density, Fecralloy foil and sheet | — | grade Fecralloy, UNS K92500form foil and sheettemperature not stated | The Goodfellow tube group page prints the same composition and density for Fecralloy tube. |
| 2 | Maximum use temperature in air, Fecralloy | Range printed on a supplier product page; no test duration or failure criterion is given | grade Fecralloy, UNS K92500environment airduration not stated | The page prints a range, not a single limit. The Goodfellow material information page gives the same range for use in air. |
| 3 | Electrical resistivity, Fecralloy | — | grade Fecralloy, UNS K92500temperature not stated | Printed as µOhmcm on the page; the unit is kept as printed. The page does not give the temperature. |
| 4 | Thermal conductivity at 23 °C, Fecralloy | — | grade Fecralloy, UNS K92500temperature 23 °Cunit in source W m-1 K-1 | — |
| 5 | Coefficient of thermal expansion, 20 to 100 °C, Fecralloy | — | grade Fecralloy, UNS K92500temperature 20 to 100 °Cunit in source x10-6 K-1 | — |
| 6 | Tensile strength, Fecralloy foil and sheet, room temperature | — | grade Fecralloy, UNS K92500form foil and sheettemperature room temperature (not stated more precisely)temper not stated | — |
| 7 | Elongation at break, Fecralloy foil and sheet | — | grade Fecralloy, UNS K92500form foil and sheettemperature not stated | Printed as "<25" on the page, so stored as an upper bound. No lower value is given. |
| 8 | Hardness (Vickers), Fecralloy | — | grade Fecralloy, UNS K92500temperature room temperature (not stated more precisely) | Non-canonical property name; hardness_vickers is not in the canonical property file. The page does not say which form was tested. |
| 9 | Temperature coefficient, as printed | Value printed on a supplier product page; the page does not say which quantity the coefficient describes | grade Fecralloy, UNS K92500 | Non-canonical property name. The label is only "Temperature coefficient"; the quantity it refers to is not stated, so read it with caution. |
Corrosion and compatibility
What happens when it meets other materials and environments.
| Environment | Concern | What happens |
|---|---|---|
| Air at high temperature | low | Goodfellow says the alloy resists oxidation and corrosion even above 1200 °C.1 |
| Steam at high temperature | low | The supplier page cites oxidation resistance in steam up to 1200 °C.2 |
| Cyclic oxidation | low | The page describes a self-healing oxide barrier under cyclic oxidation.3 |
| # | Environment | Details | Test conditions |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Air at high temperature | The page attributes this to a dense, adherent alumina (Al2O3) scale. It says trace yttrium and zirconium improve oxide adhesion and longevity. No oxidation rate, weight gain or test duration is given. | environment airbasis supplier material information page; no test duration stated |
| 2 | Steam at high temperature | The page attributes this to Han et al. (2019). That paper was not opened in this run, and no scale thickness or mass change for steam exposure is printed on the page. | environment steambasis secondary citation on the supplier page |
| 3 | Cyclic oxidation | Goodfellow attributes this to the oxide barrier and to chromium strengthening the Fe/Al2O3 interface. No cycle count or mass change is printed. | environment air, cyclicbasis supplier material information page; no test data printed |
Risks and side effects
Hazards to people, what happens when a cell overheats, and how the material is handled and stored.
For people
Fecralloy is a metal alloy. No hazard classification for this grade was read in this run, and the supplier pages carry no hazard statements.
- Classification
- No safety data sheet or GHS classification for K92500 was read. The Goodfellow pages carry no hazard, safety or handling statements.
- Fumes and dust
- No source was read on fume or dust from grinding or welding this alloy, so none is stated here.
If it fails
The failure routes in the sources are temperature and load. The supplier gives a use range but no failure rates.
- Overheating
- Goodfellow gives a maximum use temperature in air of 1100 to 1300 °C. It gives no time to failure above that range.
- Strength under load
- Goodfellow says the alloy has good mechanical strength up to 1000 °C. No strength values at higher temperature are printed for this grade.
Handling and storage
- Design temperature
- Goodfellow prints a use range, not a single limit. Design to the lower end of the range unless a test shows otherwise.
Test details
The original wording and numbers from the sources, for readers who want them.
Failure risks
| Failure | Trigger and consequence |
|---|---|
| Oxidation above the printed use rangemoderate severity | Continuous service above 1100 to 1300 °C in airGoodfellow gives a use range but no oxidation rate, so the time to failure above it cannot be taken from the page. |
| Loss of strength at temperature under loadmoderate severity | Loaded service above about 1000 °CGoodfellow says the alloy has good mechanical strength up to 1000 °C. No strength values at higher temperature for this grade are printed on the pages read. |
Handling and storage
- The related VDM Aluchrom Y Hf data sheet, a different yttrium-hafnium FeCrAl grade, says oxide layers and weld heat tint adhere more strongly than on stainless steels, so descaling should be checked when ordering.
- The Goodfellow pages print a use range of 1100 to 1300 °C in air but give no test data for it. Design to the lower end of the range unless a test shows otherwise.
Supply and geography
How common the raw materials are and where they come from.
Iron
- Top producers (2025)
- Australia 37.7%, Brazil 16.2%, India 11.9%, China 11.2%
- Critical mineral lists
- US: not listed
- Recycling
- USGS iron ore chapter: 'None'. It refers readers to the Iron and Steel Scrap chapter.
- Substitutes
- USGS: the only source of primary iron is iron ore, used directly as direct-shipping ore or converted to briquettes, concentrates, DRI, iron nuggets, pellets, or sinter.
Chromium
- Top producers (2025)
- South Africa 45.1%, Turkey 17.6%, Kazakhstan 13.7%
- Critical mineral lists
- US: listed
- Recycling
- USGS: in 2025, recycled chromium in reported stainless-steel scrap receipts accounted for 21% of apparent consumption.
- Substitutes
- USGS: chromium has no substitute in stainless steel, the leading end use, or in superalloys.
Aluminium
- Top producers (2025)
- China 60.8%, India 5.7%, Russia 5.3%, Canada 4.5%
- Critical mineral lists
- US: listed
- Recycling
- USGS: in the United States, aluminium recovered from old scrap was equivalent to about 28% of apparent consumption in 2025.
- Substitutes
- USGS: composites can substitute for aluminium in aircraft fuselages and wings, and copper can replace aluminium in electrical and heat-exchange applications.
Documents
Datasheets, safety data sheets, papers and standards you can open.
Full record
The complete spore, as stored. Free to reuse under CC-BY-4.0. Images keep the licence shown with each one.
Show the full YAML
spore: profile
id: fecralloy
spore_version: 0.2
family: resistance-and-thermocouple-alloys
name: Fecralloy
abbreviation: Fe-Cr-Al-Y
role: resistance heating and catalyst-substrate alloy
category: metals
type: steels-and-stainless
summary: |
Fecralloy is a ferritic iron-chromium-aluminium alloy with small yttrium and zirconium additions, sold as UNS K92500. Goodfellow gives its nominal makeup as 72.8 % iron, 22 % chromium and 5 % aluminium, with 0.1 % each of yttrium and zirconium. Its melting range is 1380 to 1490 °C, its maximum use temperature in air is 1100 to 1300 °C, and its electrical resistivity is 134 µΩ·cm. Goodfellow says a dense, adherent alumina scale gives it oxidation resistance above 1200 °C. It is used for heating elements and high-temperature sensors, and as a catalyst support foil in exhaust systems.
best_for: Heating elements in air at high temperature, where the printed 1100 to 1300 °C use range and the alumina scale are the main reasons to choose it
weakest_at: 'Strength at temperature: Goodfellow says only that strength is good up to 1000 °C, and no creep data for this grade were found'
identity:
formula: Ferritic iron-chromium-aluminium alloy, nominal Fe 72.8, Cr 22, Al 5, Y 0.1, Zr 0.1 (wt %), UNS K92500
source: goodfellow-fecralloy-foil
where: Composition line of the Fecralloy Foil / Sheet K92500 page; wt % basis from the Goodfellow material information page (approximately 72 to 73 wt % Fe, 22 wt % Cr, 5 wt % Al)
designations:
- system: UNS
code: K92500
source: goodfellow-fecralloy-foil
where: Page title 'Fecralloy Foil / Sheet K92500' and the UNS Number field
- system: Trade name
code: Fecralloy
source: goodfellow-fecralloy-info
where: Page title, Fecralloy Iron/Chromium Alloy material information
tags:
environments: []
stresses:
- extreme-heat
applications:
- thermal-control
properties:
- benchmark: density
label: Density, Fecralloy foil and sheet
value: 7.22
unit: g/cm3
scope: material
conditions:
grade: Fecralloy, UNS K92500
form: foil and sheet
temperature: not stated
method: Value printed on a supplier product page
status: ground
note: The Goodfellow tube group page prints the same composition and density for Fecralloy tube.
source: goodfellow-fecralloy-foil
where: Property table, Density row
- benchmark: melting_point
label: Melting range, Fecralloy
value: 1380
value_high: 1490
bound: range
unit: °C
scope: material
conditions:
grade: Fecralloy, UNS K92500
pressure: not stated
method: Range printed on a supplier product page
status: ground
source: goodfellow-fecralloy-foil
where: Property table, Melting point row
- benchmark: max_service_temp
label: Maximum use temperature in air, Fecralloy
value: 1100
value_high: 1300
bound: range
unit: °C
scope: material
conditions:
grade: Fecralloy, UNS K92500
environment: air
duration: not stated
method: Range printed on a supplier product page; no test duration or failure criterion is given
status: ground
note: The page prints a range, not a single limit. The Goodfellow material information page gives the same range for use in air.
source: goodfellow-fecralloy-foil
where: Property table, Maximum use temperature in air row
- benchmark: electrical_resistivity
label: Electrical resistivity, Fecralloy
value: 134
unit: µΩ·cm
scope: material
conditions:
grade: Fecralloy, UNS K92500
temperature: not stated
method: Value printed on a supplier product page
status: ground
note: Printed as µOhmcm on the page; the unit is kept as printed. The page does not give the temperature.
source: goodfellow-fecralloy-foil
where: Property table, Electrical resistivity row
- benchmark: curie_temperature
label: Curie temperature, Fecralloy
value: 600
unit: °C
scope: material
conditions:
grade: Fecralloy, UNS K92500
method: Value printed on a supplier product page
status: ground
source: goodfellow-fecralloy-foil
where: Property table, Curie temperature row
- benchmark: thermal_conductivity
label: Thermal conductivity at 23 °C, Fecralloy
value: 16
unit: W/(m·K)
scope: material
conditions:
grade: Fecralloy, UNS K92500
temperature: 23 °C
unit_in_source: W m-1 K-1
method: Value printed on a supplier product page
status: ground
source: goodfellow-fecralloy-foil
where: Property table, Thermal conductivity row (printed as 16@23°C)
- benchmark: cte
label: Coefficient of thermal expansion, 20 to 100 °C, Fecralloy
value: 11.1
unit: ppm/K
scope: material
conditions:
grade: Fecralloy, UNS K92500
temperature: 20 to 100 °C
unit_in_source: x10-6 K-1
method: Value printed on a supplier product page
status: ground
source: goodfellow-fecralloy-foil
where: Property table, Coefficient of thermal expansion row (printed as 11.1@20-100°C)
- benchmark: ultimate_tensile_strength
label: Tensile strength, Fecralloy foil and sheet, room temperature
value: 560
unit: MPa
scope: material
conditions:
grade: Fecralloy, UNS K92500
form: foil and sheet
temperature: room temperature (not stated more precisely)
temper: not stated
method: Value printed on a supplier product page
status: ground
source: goodfellow-fecralloy-foil
where: Property table, Tensile strength row
- benchmark: elongation
label: Elongation at break, Fecralloy foil and sheet
value: 25
bound: upper
unit: '%'
scope: material
conditions:
grade: Fecralloy, UNS K92500
form: foil and sheet
temperature: not stated
method: Value printed on a supplier product page
status: ground
note: Printed as "<25" on the page, so stored as an upper bound. No lower value is given.
source: goodfellow-fecralloy-foil
where: Property table, Elongation at break row
- benchmark: hardness_vickers
label: Hardness (Vickers), Fecralloy
value: 230
unit: kgf mm⁻²
scope: material
conditions:
grade: Fecralloy, UNS K92500
temperature: room temperature (not stated more precisely)
method: Value printed on a supplier product page
status: ground
note: Non-canonical property name; hardness_vickers is not in the canonical property file. The page does not say which form was tested.
source: goodfellow-fecralloy-foil
where: Property table, Hardness - Vickers row
- benchmark: temperature_coefficient
label: Temperature coefficient, as printed
value: 0.0001
unit: K⁻¹
scope: material
conditions:
grade: Fecralloy, UNS K92500
method: Value printed on a supplier product page; the page does not say which quantity the coefficient describes
status: ground
note: Non-canonical property name. The label is only "Temperature coefficient"; the quantity it refers to is not stated, so read it with caution.
source: goodfellow-fecralloy-foil
where: Property table, Temperature coefficient row
corrosion:
- environment: Air at high temperature
headline: Goodfellow says the alloy resists oxidation and corrosion even above 1200 °C.
effect: The page attributes this to a dense, adherent alumina (Al2O3) scale. It says trace yttrium and zirconium improve oxide adhesion and longevity. No oxidation rate, weight gain or test duration is given.
rating: low
conditions:
environment: air
basis: supplier material information page; no test duration stated
source: goodfellow-fecralloy-info
where: Introduction; Material Overview, oxidation paragraph
- environment: Steam at high temperature
headline: The supplier page cites oxidation resistance in steam up to 1200 °C.
effect: The page attributes this to Han et al. (2019). That paper was not opened in this run, and no scale thickness or mass change for steam exposure is printed on the page.
rating: low
conditions:
environment: steam
basis: secondary citation on the supplier page
source: goodfellow-fecralloy-info
where: Material Overview, Han et al. (2019) statement
- environment: Cyclic oxidation
headline: The page describes a self-healing oxide barrier under cyclic oxidation.
effect: Goodfellow attributes this to the oxide barrier and to chromium strengthening the Fe/Al2O3 interface. No cycle count or mass change is printed.
rating: low
conditions:
environment: air, cyclic
basis: supplier material information page; no test data printed
source: goodfellow-fecralloy-info
where: Material Overview, oxidation paragraph
risks:
hazards: []
failure_risks:
- mode: Oxidation above the printed use range
trigger: Continuous service above 1100 to 1300 °C in air
consequence: Goodfellow gives a use range but no oxidation rate, so the time to failure above it cannot be taken from the page.
severity: moderate
source: goodfellow-fecralloy-foil
where: Property table, Maximum use temperature in air row
- mode: Loss of strength at temperature under load
trigger: Loaded service above about 1000 °C
consequence: Goodfellow says the alloy has good mechanical strength up to 1000 °C. No strength values at higher temperature for this grade are printed on the pages read.
severity: moderate
source: goodfellow-fecralloy-info
where: Material Overview, strength sentence
side_effects: []
handling:
- text: The related VDM Aluchrom Y Hf data sheet, a different yttrium-hafnium FeCrAl grade, says oxide layers and weld heat tint adhere more strongly than on stainless steels, so descaling should be checked when ordering.
source: vdm-aluchrom-yhf
where: Descaling and pickling section
- text: The Goodfellow pages print a use range of 1100 to 1300 °C in air but give no test data for it. Design to the lower end of the range unless a test shows otherwise.
source: goodfellow-fecralloy-foil
where: Property table, Maximum use temperature in air row
mitigations: []
uses:
- application: thermal-control
device: Resistance heating elements
example: Goodfellow lists heating elements first among its common uses for Fecralloy.
source: goodfellow-fecralloy-info
where: Applications and Advantages section; Introduction
- application: thermal-control
device: Gas burner filters
example: Goodfellow lists gas burner filters among the common uses. This is a ground use, not a space use.
source: goodfellow-fecralloy-info
where: Applications and Advantages section
supply:
- subject: Iron
producers:
- country: Australia
share_percent: 37.7
year: 2025
- country: Brazil
share_percent: 16.2
year: 2025
- country: India
share_percent: 11.9
year: 2025
- country: China
share_percent: 11.2
year: 2025
critical_lists:
- list: USGS 2025 List of Critical Minerals
listed: false
recycling: 'USGS iron ore chapter: ''None''. It refers readers to the Iron and Steel Scrap chapter.'
substitutes:
- 'USGS: the only source of primary iron is iron ore, used directly as direct-shipping ore or converted to briquettes, concentrates, DRI, iron nuggets, pellets, or sinter.'
source: usgs-mcs2026-iron
where: World Mine Production table, usable ore, 2025e (world total 2,600,000 thousand t; shares calculated by Space Mushroom against that printed total). Recycling and Substitutes sections. Critical list status from the USGS 2025 final list page.
- subject: Chromium
producers:
- country: South Africa
share_percent: 45.1
year: 2025
- country: Turkey
share_percent: 17.6
year: 2025
- country: Kazakhstan
share_percent: 13.7
year: 2025
critical_lists:
- list: USGS 2025 List of Critical Minerals
listed: true
recycling: 'USGS: in 2025, recycled chromium in reported stainless-steel scrap receipts accounted for 21% of apparent consumption.'
substitutes:
- 'USGS: chromium has no substitute in stainless steel, the leading end use, or in superalloys.'
source: usgs-mcs2026-chromium
where: World Mine Production and Reserves table, 2025e column (world total 51,000 thousand t; shares calculated by Space Mushroom; Kazakhstan value estimated by USGS); Recycling; Substitutes. Critical list from the USGS 2025 final list page.
- subject: Aluminium
producers:
- country: China
share_percent: 60.8
year: 2025
- country: India
share_percent: 5.7
year: 2025
- country: Russia
share_percent: 5.3
year: 2025
- country: Canada
share_percent: 4.5
year: 2025
critical_lists:
- list: USGS 2025 List of Critical Minerals
listed: true
recycling: 'USGS: in the United States, aluminium recovered from old scrap was equivalent to about 28% of apparent consumption in 2025.'
substitutes:
- 'USGS: composites can substitute for aluminium in aircraft fuselages and wings, and copper can replace aluminium in electrical and heat-exchange applications.'
source: usgs-mcs2026-aluminum
where: World Smelter Production table, 2025e column (world total 74,000 thousand t, rounded; shares calculated by Space Mushroom against that printed total); Recycling; Substitutes. Critical list from the USGS 2025 final list page.
documents:
- title: 'Goodfellow: Fecralloy Foil / Sheet K92500 product page (properties and UNS)'
type: datasheet
url: https://www.goodfellow.com/usa/fecralloy-foil-group
- title: 'Goodfellow: Fecralloy Tube product page (same property table)'
type: datasheet
url: https://www.goodfellow.com/usa/fecralloy-tube-group
- title: 'Goodfellow: Fecralloy Iron/Chromium Alloy material information'
type: datasheet
url: https://www.goodfellow.com/usa/resources/fecralloy-iron-chromium-alloy-material-information/
- title: Kanthal APM wire datasheet (related FeCrAl grade, not Fecralloy)
type: datasheet
url: https://kanthal.com/en/products/material-datasheets/wire/na/kanthal-apm/?show=pdf
- title: VDM Metals Material Data Sheet No. 4149, Aluchrom Y Hf (related grade, not Fecralloy; mirror copy)
type: datasheet
url: https://alloy59.de/fileadmin/user_upload/Downloads/Data_Sheets/Data_Sheet_VDM_Aluchrom_Y_Hf.pdf
year: 2022
- title: 'USGS Mineral Commodity Summaries 2026: Iron Ore'
type: report
url: https://pubs.usgs.gov/periodicals/mcs2026/mcs2026-iron-ore.pdf
year: 2026
- title: 'USGS Mineral Commodity Summaries 2026: Chromium'
type: report
url: https://pubs.usgs.gov/periodicals/mcs2026/mcs2026-chromium.pdf
year: 2026
- title: 'USGS Mineral Commodity Summaries 2026: Aluminum'
type: report
url: https://pubs.usgs.gov/periodicals/mcs2026/mcs2026-aluminum.pdf
year: 2026
- title: 'USGS Mineral Commodity Summaries 2026: Yttrium'
type: report
url: https://pubs.usgs.gov/periodicals/mcs2026/mcs2026-yttrium.pdf
year: 2026
- title: 'USGS: About the 2025 List of Critical Minerals (final list of 60 minerals)'
type: report
url: https://www.usgs.gov/programs/mineral-resources-program/science/about-2025-list-critical-minerals
year: 2025
gaps:
- 'Hazards: no Fecralloy-specific GHS classification or safety data sheet was read in this run. The Goodfellow pages carry no hazard statements, and the Sigma-Aldrich substance listing did not load. The hazards list is left empty.'
- 'Properties: only one supplier page prints a full Fecralloy property table, and the tube page repeats the same values. No specific heat, elastic modulus, yield strength, or strength or resistivity at temperature was printed for this grade. Metal Suppliers Online returned HTTP 503 in this run.'
- The Kanthal APM and VDM Aluchrom Y Hf data sheets are related FeCrAl grades with different compositions. Their values are not Fecralloy values, so they are used only as context in the story and in the handling note, never as properties.
- Temperature coefficient 0.0001 K-1 is printed without naming the quantity; it is stored as printed with a note.
- The melting range, use range, resistivity and tensile values are printed without a stated temper, grain condition, or test duration.
- Elongation is printed as '<25' and stored as an upper bound.
- 'Yttrium: the USGS 2026 yttrium chapter says China produced most of the world supply in 2025, but prints no world share figure, so no supply row is entered. Yttrium is on the USGS 2025 final list.'
- The yttrium and zirconium shares (0.1 % each) are printed without a unit on the foil page. The Goodfellow material information page gives the Fe, Cr and Al figures in wt %, so the 0.1 values are read as wt % by analogy and are marked as such in the recipe.
- Oxidation rate, weight gain, scale spallation and cyclic-oxidation test data for Fecralloy were not found in a fetched source. Springer and OSTI papers on Fe-Cr-Al-Y scales did not open in this run.
- The Goodfellow page cites Hoffman et al. (2022) for oxide film thickness after 1200 °C steam exposure. The value is left out because its unit is printed with an encoding error on the page.
- 'Space use: no source was found for Fecralloy on spacecraft or flight hardware, so the uses are terrestrial. The catalyst-support use has no matching application in the allowed list and is named in the story only.'
- EU critical raw materials list not checked for iron, chromium, aluminium or yttrium. Only the USGS 2025 list is recorded.
- Atomic weights of the constituents and a CAS number for Fecralloy were not read from a fetched page, so the recipe parts carry shares only.
- 'Designations: only the UNS K92500 and the trade name Fecralloy are printed on the pages read. No EN, DIN, JIS or AISI number was found.'
sources:
goodfellow-fecralloy-foil:
title: Fecralloy Foil / Sheet K92500 (Goodfellow), property table and composition
url: https://www.goodfellow.com/usa/fecralloy-foil-group
year: 2026
kind: datasheet
license: Supplier product page (cited, not reproduced)
goodfellow-fecralloy-tube:
title: Fecralloy Tube (Goodfellow), property table and composition
url: https://www.goodfellow.com/usa/fecralloy-tube-group
year: 2026
kind: datasheet
license: Supplier product page (cited, not reproduced)
goodfellow-fecralloy-info:
title: 'Fecralloy Iron/Chromium Alloy: material information (Goodfellow)'
url: https://www.goodfellow.com/usa/resources/fecralloy-iron-chromium-alloy-material-information/
year: 2026
kind: datasheet
license: Supplier web page (cited, not reproduced)
kanthal-apm-wire:
title: Kanthal APM wire material datasheet (related FeCrAl grade, not Fecralloy)
url: https://kanthal.com/en/products/material-datasheets/wire/na/kanthal-apm/?show=pdf
kind: datasheet
license: Manufacturer datasheet (cited, not reproduced)
vdm-aluchrom-yhf:
title: VDM Metals Material Data Sheet No. 4149, Rev. 02, Aluchrom Y Hf (related grade, not Fecralloy; mirror copy)
url: https://alloy59.de/fileadmin/user_upload/Downloads/Data_Sheets/Data_Sheet_VDM_Aluchrom_Y_Hf.pdf
year: 2022
kind: datasheet
license: Manufacturer datasheet (cited, not reproduced)
usgs-mcs2026-iron:
title: Mineral Commodity Summaries 2026, Iron Ore
id: USGS MCS 2026, February 2026
url: https://pubs.usgs.gov/periodicals/mcs2026/mcs2026-iron-ore.pdf
year: 2026
kind: report
license: public domain (USGS)
usgs-mcs2026-chromium:
title: Mineral Commodity Summaries 2026, Chromium
id: USGS MCS 2026, February 2026
url: https://pubs.usgs.gov/periodicals/mcs2026/mcs2026-chromium.pdf
year: 2026
kind: report
license: public domain (USGS)
usgs-mcs2026-aluminum:
title: Mineral Commodity Summaries 2026, Aluminum
id: USGS MCS 2026, February 2026
url: https://pubs.usgs.gov/periodicals/mcs2026/mcs2026-aluminum.pdf
year: 2026
kind: report
license: public domain (USGS)
usgs-mcs2026-yttrium:
title: Mineral Commodity Summaries 2026, Yttrium
id: USGS MCS 2026, February 2026
url: https://pubs.usgs.gov/periodicals/mcs2026/mcs2026-yttrium.pdf
year: 2026
kind: report
license: public domain (USGS)
usgs-crit2025:
title: About the 2025 List of Critical Minerals (USGS, final list of 60 minerals)
id: Final 2025 List of Critical Minerals, November 2025
url: https://www.usgs.gov/programs/mineral-resources-program/science/about-2025-list-critical-minerals
year: 2025
kind: web
license: public domain (USGS)
license: CC-BY-4.0
updated: '2026-10-26'
review:
status: draft
method: assistant
checked_values: 11
unreachable: 3
caveats: 4
note: 'Values were read by an AI assistant on 2026-10-26 from the Goodfellow Fecralloy foil and tube pages (the two pages print the same table) and the USGS 2026 chapters. Unreachable in this run: the Metals Suppliers Online Fecralloy page (HTTP 503), the Sigma-Aldrich Fecralloy substance page (timeout), and the Springer and OSTI oxidation papers. Caveats: all Fecralloy values come from supplier pages, with no temper or test condition printed; the Kanthal APM and VDM Aluchrom Y Hf sheets are related grades and are not used as properties; the aluminium and chromium shares are calculated from printed world totals; no hazard data for this grade were read.'
story:
risk_groups:
- title: For people
lead: Fecralloy is a metal alloy. No hazard classification for this grade was read in this run, and the supplier pages carry no hazard statements.
level: 1
verdict: No data read
points:
- label: Classification
line: No safety data sheet or GHS classification for K92500 was read. The Goodfellow pages carry no hazard, safety or handling statements.
- label: Fumes and dust
line: No source was read on fume or dust from grinding or welding this alloy, so none is stated here.
- title: If it fails
lead: The failure routes in the sources are temperature and load. The supplier gives a use range but no failure rates.
points:
- label: Overheating
line: Goodfellow gives a maximum use temperature in air of 1100 to 1300 °C. It gives no time to failure above that range.
- label: Strength under load
line: Goodfellow says the alloy has good mechanical strength up to 1000 °C. No strength values at higher temperature are printed for this grade.
- title: Handling and storage
points:
- label: Design temperature
line: Goodfellow prints a use range, not a single limit. Design to the lower end of the range unless a test shows otherwise.
why: Fecralloy is a ferritic iron-chromium-aluminium alloy with small yttrium and zirconium additions (UNS K92500). Goodfellow describes a dense, adherent alumina scale that gives oxidation resistance in air. The alloy is an electrical resistor, with a resistivity of 134 µΩ·cm, and it melts between 1380 and 1490 °C. Its weak points are the lack of strength data above 1000 °C and the lack of any space-flight data. It is used in heating elements, gas burner filters and high-temperature sensors, and as a catalyst support foil in exhaust systems.
uses:
- where: Heating elements
line: Goodfellow lists heating elements first among the common uses of Fecralloy, along with gas burner filters, catalytic converter supports and high-temperature sensors.
- where: Gas burner filters
line: Goodfellow lists gas burner filters among the common uses. This is a ground use. No space use was found.
- where: Catalyst supports on the ground
line: Goodfellow lists catalytic converter supports among the common uses. Exhaust catalysts are a terrestrial use, so this profile does not list it as a space application.
can_do:
- label: Heat in air
value: 1100 to 1300 °C
benchmark: max_service_temp
line: The maximum use temperature in air is printed as 1100 to 1300 °C. The page gives no test duration.
- label: Carry current as a heater
value: 134 µΩ·cm
benchmark: electrical_resistivity
line: The electrical resistivity is 134 µΩ·cm. The page does not give the temperature for this value.
- label: Stay solid when hot
value: 1380 to 1490 °C
benchmark: melting_point
line: The melting range is printed as 1380 to 1490 °C.
- label: Strength in foil
value: 560 MPa tensile
benchmark: ultimate_tensile_strength
line: The tensile strength is 560 MPa for foil and sheet. The page does not state the temper.
compare: This profile has no second heating alloy read in the same run, so the compare rows use Fecralloy's own figures. For context only, Kanthal's APM wire datasheet, a related FeCrAl grade with a different composition, gives a higher maximum continuous operating temperature in air than the Fecralloy range printed above. That is not a Fecralloy value. Read the compare rows as Fecralloy's own numbers.
compare_rows:
- label: Density
benchmark: density
- label: Max use temperature in air
benchmark: max_service_temp
- label: Electrical resistivity
benchmark: electrical_resistivity
handling:
- Design to the lower end of the printed 1100 to 1300 °C use range in air (Goodfellow).
- 'Descaling: the related VDM Aluchrom Y Hf sheet says oxide layers and weld heat tint adhere strongly, so check the need for descaling when ordering.'
- No handling or storage advice is printed on the Fecralloy pages read.
good_for:
- 'Heating elements in air: 134 µΩ·cm resistivity and a printed use range of 1100 to 1300 °C (Goodfellow).'
- 'Oxidation resistance in air: a dense, adherent alumina scale, which Goodfellow says protects the alloy above 1200 °C.'
- 'Foil at room temperature: 560 MPa tensile strength (Goodfellow foil page).'
watch_out:
- 'Strength at temperature: Goodfellow says good strength only up to 1000 °C, and no creep data for this grade were found.'
- Only supplier data for this grade; no temper, test duration or oxidation rate is printed.
- No hazard data were read for K92500, and no space-flight data were found.
verdict: 'Fecralloy is a resistance and high-temperature oxidation alloy with a printed use range of 1100 to 1300 °C in air. The supplier data are thin: they give the main properties, but no strength data above 1000 °C, no oxidation rate and no hazard classification.'
recipe:
line: Fecralloy is a ferritic iron-chromium-aluminium alloy with yttrium and zirconium trace additions. Goodfellow gives the nominal composition as Fe 72.8, Cr 22, Al 5, Y 0.1, Zr 0.1, and its material information page gives the Fe, Cr and Al figures in wt %.
parts:
- name: Iron
symbol: Fe
share_percent: 72.8
role: The matrix of the alloy, a ferritic iron-chromium solid solution.
- name: Chromium
symbol: Cr
share_percent: 22
role: Forms the chromium-rich part of the matrix and helps the alumina scale bond to the metal (Goodfellow).
- name: Aluminium
symbol: Al
share_percent: 5
role: Forms the dense, adherent alumina (Al2O3) scale that protects the alloy in air (Goodfellow).
- name: Yttrium
symbol: 'Y'
share_percent: 0.1
role: A trace addition that Goodfellow says improves oxide adhesion and longevity. The printed share has no unit on the foil page, and it is read as wt %.
- name: Zirconium
symbol: Zr
share_percent: 0.1
role: A trace addition that Goodfellow lists with yttrium for oxide adhesion. The printed share has no unit on the foil page, and it is read as wt %.
References
Every number above carries a reference number. Click one to see the source and where in it the value comes from.
| # | Source | Type | Year | Used for |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Fecralloy Foil / Sheet K92500 (Goodfellow), property table and composition | datasheet | 2026 | 14 values | |
| Fecralloy Tube (Goodfellow), property table and composition | datasheet | 2026 | 0 values | |
| Fecralloy Iron/Chromium Alloy: material information (Goodfellow) | datasheet | 2026 | 6 values | |
| Kanthal APM wire material datasheet (related FeCrAl grade, not Fecralloy) | datasheet | 0 values | ||
| VDM Metals Material Data Sheet No. 4149, Rev. 02, Aluchrom Y Hf (related grade, not Fecralloy; mirror copy) | datasheet | 2022 | 1 value | |
| Mineral Commodity Summaries 2026, Iron Ore | report | 2026 | 1 value | |
| Mineral Commodity Summaries 2026, Chromium | report | 2026 | 1 value | |
| Mineral Commodity Summaries 2026, Aluminum | report | 2026 | 1 value | |
| Mineral Commodity Summaries 2026, Yttrium | report | 2026 | 0 values | |
| About the 2025 List of Critical Minerals (USGS, final list of 60 minerals) | web | 2025 | 0 values |