Guides/Comparisons
440C vs 410 stainless steel
440c-vs-410-stainless-steelStainless steel 440C and Stainless steel 410 at a glance
This page compares Stainless steel 440C and Stainless steel 410 using only values that carry a source, a test condition and an evidence level. Ranges run across temper, heat treatment and product form, measured at room temperature where the source says so.
- Composition: Carbon (440C 0.95 to 1.2%; 410 0.08 to 0.15%), Chromium (440C 16 to 18%; 410 11.5 to 13.5%).
- Yield strength: 440C is higher (440C 1,896 MPa; 410 205 to 1,089 MPa), about 2.9 times the midpoint of 410.
- Tensile strength: 440C is higher (440C 1,965 MPa; 410 448 to 1,331 MPa), about 2.2 times the midpoint of 410.
- Density: 410 is higher (440C 7.61 to 7.7 g/cm³; 410 7.73 to 7.75 g/cm³), a difference of under 10% at the midpoint.
- Young's modulus: the ranges overlap (440C 200 to 210 GPa; 410 200 GPa).
- Thermal conductivity: 410 is higher (440C 22.8 to 24.2 W/(m·K); 410 24.9 W/(m·K)), a difference of under 10% at the midpoint.
- Melting point: the ranges overlap (440C 1,371 to 1,482 °C; 410 1,482 to 1,532 °C).
- Service temperature: 410 is higher (440C 400 °C; 410 649 °C), about 1.6 times the midpoint of 440C.
- Thermal expansion: the ranges overlap (440C 10 to 10.1 ppm/K; 410 9.9 to 11.6 ppm/K).
- Yield strength for each unit of density (calculated from each grade's midpoint values): Stainless steel 440C 248 MPa per g/cm³; Stainless steel 410 83.6 MPa per g/cm³.
"Higher" means the whole range is higher, not just one value. Where a value is a specified minimum, the table says "at least".
Side by side
| Property | Stainless steel 440C | Stainless steel 410 |
|---|---|---|
| Yield strength | 1,896 MPa | 205 to 1,089 MPa |
| Tensile strength | 1,965 MPa | 448 to 1,331 MPa |
| Density | 7.61 to 7.7 g/cm³ | 7.73 to 7.75 g/cm³ |
| Young's modulus | 200 to 210 GPa | 200 GPa |
| Thermal conductivity | 22.8 to 24.2 W/(m·K) | 24.9 W/(m·K) |
| Melting point | 1,371 to 1,482 °C | 1,482 to 1,532 °C |
| Service temperature | 400 °C | 649 °C |
| Thermal expansion | 10 to 10.1 ppm/K | 9.9 to 11.6 ppm/K |
| Yield strength per densitycalculated | 248 MPa per g/cm³ | 83.6 MPa per g/cm³ |
Composition
| Element | Stainless steel 440C | Stainless steel 410 |
|---|---|---|
| Iron | balance | balance |
| Carbon | 0.95 to 1.2% | 0.08 to 0.15% |
| Chromium | 16 to 18% | 11.5 to 13.5% |
| Molybdenum | up to 0.75% | not listed |
| Manganese | up to 1% | up to 1% |
| Silicon | up to 1% | up to 1% |
| Phosphorus | up to 0.04% | up to 0.04% |
| Sulfur | up to 0.03% | up to 0.03% |
| Nickel | not listed | up to 0.75% |
Shares are as printed in the sources, by weight.
When to use which
| Material | Best for | Weakest at |
|---|---|---|
| Stainless steel 440C | Bearings and valve parts that must be hard and wear-resistant in the hardened and tempered condition (Carpenter, Aalco, Rolled Alloys) | Corrosion resistance in the annealed state or after tempering above about 800 F (427 C), and service above about 400 C (NASA 2018 maximum use temperature) |
| Stainless steel 410 | Hardened and tempered valve, shaft and fastener parts that need strength and a magnetic response | Chloride, marine and strong-acid service, and toughness after tempering at 482 to 538 C |
Where each is used
| Material | Use |
|---|---|
| Stainless steel 440C | Rolling-element bearings (ball and roller) |
| Stainless steel 440C | Valve seats and valve parts |
| Stainless steel 440C | High-pressure oxygen turbopump bearings of the Space Shuttle main engine (HPOTP) |
| Stainless steel 440C | Bearing races in spacecraft reaction-wheel assemblies (NASA comparison) |
| Stainless steel 410 | Gate valves and valve components |
| Stainless steel 410 | Nuclear reactor control rod mechanisms |
| Stainless steel 410 | Steam and gas turbine blades and buckets |
| Stainless steel 410 | Aerospace structures and bolts, nuts, springs and fasteners |