spore: profile
id: toray-t300
spore_version: 0.2
family: carbon-materials
name: Toray Torayca T300 carbon fibre
abbreviation: T300
role: reinforcing fibre (standard-modulus carbon fibre)
category: carbon
type: carbon-fiber
summary: |
  Torayca T300 is Toray's standard-modulus carbon fibre. The Toray datasheet (Rev. 04/22/2025) prints a fibre tensile strength of 3530 MPa and a tensile modulus of 230 GPa, with a density of 1.76 g/cm3 and a strain at failure of 1.5 %. In a composite normalized to 60 % fibre volume and cured with #2500 epoxy at 130 °C, the same datasheet prints a tensile strength of 1820 MPa and a tensile modulus of 140 GPa (ASTM D3039). The NASA outgassing database lists an epoxy laminate of T300/M76 with a total mass loss of 0.6 in vacuum (the CSV prints no unit, so percent is assumed); that is a laminate value, not a fibre value.
best_for: Standard-modulus structural fibre for weaving, braiding, filament winding and prepreg, with a 230 GPa tensile modulus and a 3530 MPa fibre tensile strength (Toray datasheet)
weakest_at: 'Composite strength depends on the matrix: 1820 MPa in a #2500 epoxy composite against 3530 MPa for the fibre alone, both per the Toray datasheet'
identity:
  formula: Carbon fibre, more than 93 % carbon by weight, with sodium plus potassium below 50 ppm (Toray datasheet); precursor type not printed on the sheets read
  source: toray-t300-ds
  where: Title, Product Designation table and Chemical Composition row of the TORAYCA T300 datasheet
  designations:
    - system: Trade name
      code: T300
      note: Toray product designation, 3,000-filament standard modulus; printed as TORAYCA T300 in the datasheet title
      source: toray-t300-ds
      where: Product Designation table, FIBER TYPE column
tags:
  environments: []
  stresses:
    - vacuum-and-outgassing
  applications:
    - structures
properties:
  - benchmark: density
    label: Density, Torayca T300 fibre
    value: 1.76
    unit: g/cm3
    scope: material
    conditions:
      form: carbon fibre (fibre properties table)
      grade: TORAYCA T300 standard modulus, 3,000 filaments
    method: Printed in the Fiber Properties table with Toray test method TY-030B-02, which is not described on the sheet
    status: ground
    source: toray-t300-ds
    where: Fiber Properties table, Density row
  - benchmark: ultimate_tensile_strength
    label: Tensile strength, T300 fibre
    value: 3530
    unit: MPa
    scope: material
    conditions:
      form: carbon fibre (fibre properties table)
      english_as_printed: 512 ksi
      test: Toray method TY-030B-01
    method: Printed in the Fiber Properties table. The Toray card prints the same value (512 Ksi, 3,530 MPa) and a footnote that its starred values are measured by the impregnated strand method.
    status: ground
    source: toray-t300-ds
    where: Fiber Properties table, Tensile Strength row (TY-030B-01)
  - benchmark: elastic_modulus
    label: Tensile modulus, T300 fibre
    value: 230
    unit: GPa
    scope: material
    conditions:
      form: carbon fibre (fibre properties table)
      english_as_printed: 33.4 Msi
      test: Toray method TY-030B-01
    method: Printed in the Fiber Properties table
    status: ground
    source: toray-t300-ds
    where: Fiber Properties table, Tensile Modulus row (TY-030B-01)
  - benchmark: elongation
    label: Strain at failure, T300 fibre
    value: 1.5
    unit: '%'
    scope: material
    conditions:
      form: carbon fibre (fibre properties table)
      test: Toray method TY-030B-01
    method: Printed in the Fiber Properties table
    status: ground
    source: toray-t300-ds
    where: Fiber Properties table, Strain at Failure row (TY-030B-01)
  - benchmark: filament_diameter
    label: Filament diameter, T300 fibre
    value: 7
    unit: μm
    scope: material
    conditions:
      form: carbon fibre (fibre properties table)
    method: Printed in the Fiber Properties table with no test method on that row. The name filament_diameter is not in the property canon.
    status: ground
    source: toray-t300-ds
    where: Fiber Properties table, Filament Diameter row
  - benchmark: tow_linear_density
    label: Tow linear density, T300 3K tow
    value: 198
    unit: g/1000m
    scope: material
    conditions:
      tow: 3K (3,000 filaments), untwisted (B)
      other_rows_as_printed: 1K 66 g/1000m; 6K 396 g/1000m
    method: Printed in the Fiber Properties table, Yield row (TY-030B-03). The name tow_linear_density is not in the property canon.
    status: ground
    source: toray-t300-ds
    where: Fiber Properties table, Yield row, 3K line (TY-030B-03)
  - benchmark: cte
    label: Coefficient of thermal expansion, T300 fibre
    value: -0.41
    unit: ppm/°C
    scope: material
    conditions:
      form: carbon fibre
      temperature_range: not printed on the sheet
      direction: not printed on the sheet
    method: Printed as alpha times 10-6 per °C in the Functional Properties table and written here as ppm/°C, the same unit. No test method is printed.
    status: ground
    source: toray-t300-ds
    where: Functional Properties table, CTE row
  - benchmark: specific_heat
    label: Specific heat, T300 fibre
    value: 0.777
    unit: J/g·°C
    scope: material
    conditions:
      form: carbon fibre
      temperature: not printed on the sheet
    method: Printed in the Functional Properties table with no test method
    status: ground
    source: toray-t300-ds
    where: Functional Properties table, Specific Heat row
  - benchmark: thermal_conductivity
    label: Thermal conductivity, T300 fibre
    value: 0.105
    unit: J/cm·s·°C
    scope: material
    conditions:
      form: carbon fibre
      direction: not printed on the sheet
    method: Printed in the Functional Properties table with the unit as Toray prints it, and no test method or direction
    status: ground
    source: toray-t300-ds
    where: Functional Properties table, Thermal Conductivity row
  - benchmark: ultimate_tensile_strength
    label: Tensile strength, T300 in
    value: 1820
    unit: MPa
    scope: material
    conditions:
      matrix: '#2500 epoxy, cured at 130 °C as printed'
      fibre_volume: normalized to 60 % fibre volume
      english_as_printed: 264 ksi
      test: ASTM D3039
    method: 'Printed in the Composite Properties table. The table''s footnote says the values are normalized to 60 % fiber volume and cured with #2500 epoxy at 130 °C.'
    status: ground
    source: toray-t300-ds
    where: Composite Properties table, Tensile Strength row (ASTM D3039)
  - benchmark: elastic_modulus
    label: Tensile modulus, T300 in
    value: 140
    unit: GPa
    scope: material
    conditions:
      matrix: '#2500 epoxy, cured at 130 °C as printed'
      fibre_volume: normalized to 60 % fibre volume
      english_as_printed: 20 Msi
      test: ASTM D3039
    method: Printed in the Composite Properties table with the same footnote as the tensile strength row
    status: ground
    source: toray-t300-ds
    where: Composite Properties table, Tensile Modulus row (ASTM D3039)
  - benchmark: elongation
    label: Tensile strain, T300 in
    value: 1.26
    unit: '%'
    scope: material
    conditions:
      matrix: '#2500 epoxy, cured at 130 °C as printed'
      fibre_volume: normalized to 60 % fibre volume
      test: ASTM D3039
    method: Printed in the Composite Properties table with the same footnote as the tensile rows
    status: ground
    source: toray-t300-ds
    where: Composite Properties table, Tensile Strain row (ASTM D3039)
  - benchmark: compressive_strength
    label: Compressive strength, T300 in
    value: 1470
    unit: MPa
    scope: material
    conditions:
      matrix: '#2500 epoxy, cured at 130 °C as printed'
      fibre_volume: normalized to 60 % fibre volume
      english_as_printed: 213 ksi
      test: SACMA SRM 1R-94
    method: Printed in the Composite Properties table. The name compressive_strength is not in the property canon.
    status: ground
    source: toray-t300-ds
    where: Composite Properties table, Compressive Strength row (SACMA SRM 1R-94)
  - benchmark: flexural_strength
    label: Flexural strength, T300 in
    value: 1790
    unit: MPa
    scope: material
    conditions:
      matrix: '#2500 epoxy, cured at 130 °C as printed'
      fibre_volume: normalized to 60 % fibre volume
      english_as_printed: 260 ksi
      test: ASTM D790
    method: Printed in the Composite Properties table
    status: ground
    source: toray-t300-ds
    where: Composite Properties table, Flexural Strength row (ASTM D790)
  - benchmark: flexural_modulus
    label: Flexural modulus, T300 in
    value: 123
    unit: GPa
    scope: material
    conditions:
      matrix: '#2500 epoxy, cured at 130 °C as printed'
      fibre_volume: normalized to 60 % fibre volume
      english_as_printed: 18 Msi
      test: ASTM D790
    method: Printed in the Composite Properties table
    status: ground
    source: toray-t300-ds
    where: Composite Properties table, Flexural Modulus row (ASTM D790)
  - benchmark: interlaminar_shear_strength
    label: Interlaminar shear strength (ILSS), T300 in
    value: 94.1
    unit: MPa
    scope: material
    conditions:
      matrix: '#2500 epoxy, cured at 130 °C as printed'
      fibre_volume: normalized to 60 % fibre volume
      english_as_printed: 14 ksi
      test: SACMA SRM 8R-94
    method: Printed in the Composite Properties table. The name interlaminar_shear_strength is not in the property canon.
    status: ground
    source: toray-t300-ds
    where: Composite Properties table, ILSS row (SACMA SRM 8R-94)
  - benchmark: in_plane_shear_strength
    label: In-plane shear strength, T300 in
    value: 95
    unit: MPa
    scope: material
    conditions:
      matrix: '#2500 epoxy, cured at 130 °C as printed'
      fibre_volume: normalized to 60 % fibre volume
      english_as_printed: 14 ksi
      test: ASTM D3518
    method: Printed in the Composite Properties table. The name in_plane_shear_strength is not in the property canon.
    status: ground
    source: toray-t300-ds
    where: Composite Properties table, In Plane Shear Strength row (ASTM D3518)
  - benchmark: transverse_tensile_strength
    label: 90 degree tensile strength, T300 in
    value: 76
    unit: MPa
    scope: material
    conditions:
      matrix: '#2500 epoxy, cured at 130 °C as printed'
      fibre_volume: normalized to 60 % fibre volume
      english_as_printed: 11 ksi
      test: ASTM D3039
    method: Printed in the Composite Properties table. The name transverse_tensile_strength is not in the property canon.
    status: ground
    source: toray-t300-ds
    where: Composite Properties table, 90º Tensile Strength row (ASTM D3039)
  - benchmark: total_mass_loss
    label: Total mass loss in vacuum, T300/M76 epoxy laminate
    value: 0.6
    unit: '%'
    scope: material
    conditions:
      material: carbon fibre epoxy laminate T300/M76 (ID GSC28291)
      environment: vacuum, NASA outgassing test (TML column)
    method: Read from the NASA outgassing database CSV, which prints no unit row, so percent is assumed. This is a laminate value with the M76 resin, not a fibre value. The name total_mass_loss is not in the property canon.
    status: ground
    source: nasa-outgassing-db
    where: Row CARBON FIBER EPOXY LAMINATE T300/M76 (GSC28291), column TML
  - benchmark: total_mass_loss
    label: Total mass loss in vacuum, T300/954-6 composite laminate
    value: 0.13
    unit: '%'
    scope: material
    conditions:
      material: carbon fibre composite laminate T300/954-6 (ID GSC29440)
      environment: vacuum, NASA outgassing test (TML column)
    method: Read from the NASA outgassing database CSV, which prints no unit row, so percent is assumed. This is a laminate value with the 954-6 resin, not a fibre value.
    status: ground
    source: nasa-outgassing-db
    where: Row CARBON FIBER COMPOSITE - T300/954-6 (GSC29440), column TML
  - benchmark: cvcm
    label: Collected volatile condensable material, T300/M76 epoxy laminate
    value: 0.04
    unit: '%'
    scope: material
    conditions:
      material: carbon fibre epoxy laminate T300/M76 (ID GSC28291)
      environment: vacuum, NASA outgassing test (CVCM column)
    method: Read from the NASA outgassing database CSV, which prints no unit row, so percent is assumed. The name cvcm is not in the property canon.
    status: ground
    source: nasa-outgassing-db
    where: Row CARBON FIBER EPOXY LAMINATE T300/M76 (GSC28291), column CVCM
corrosion:
  - environment: Vacuum (space), total mass loss of T300 epoxy laminates
    headline: NASA's outgassing database lists T300 epoxy laminates at 0.6 % and 0.13 % total mass loss in vacuum, and these are laminate values, not fibre values.
    effect: Total mass loss is recorded for the whole laminate. The database does not separate the fibre from the resin, so the loss belongs to the M76 and 954-6 epoxy systems rather than to the T300 fibre alone.
    rating: unknown
    conditions:
      basis: two NASA outgassing database rows for T300 laminates; percent assumed because the CSV prints no unit row
      test: total mass loss in vacuum as recorded in the database; the test standard is not printed in the CSV
    source: nasa-outgassing-db
    where: Rows GSC28291 (T300/M76) and GSC29440 (T300/954-6), column TML
  - environment: Moisture over a wide temperature range (carbon fibre reinforced polymer)
    headline: Wikipedia says moisture over a wide temperature range can degrade the mechanical properties of CFRP, with no figure given.
    effect: 'The statement is about CFRP in general, not the T300 fibre or the #2500 epoxy composite. The article gives no temperature, humidity or property loss.'
    rating: unknown
    conditions:
      basis: general statement with no test condition
      material: CFRP in general, not T300 specifically
    source: wikipedia-carbon-fiber
    where: Article text read by WebFetch on 2026-11-01 (the section is not named in the fetch result)
risks:
  hazards:
    - text: The Toray Technical Manual (Rev. 4/2020) says that during processing, dust and broken filaments from carbon fiber can cause skin irritation and dermatitis, electrical hazards (carbon fiber is electrically conductive) and respiratory problems. The manual gives no GHS class for these.
      ghs: []
      source: toray-tech-manual
      where: Safety and Handling section (PDF page 16, printed page 12)
    - text: The Toray Carbon Fibers America safety data sheet for TORAYCA Carbon Fiber Sizing Type 4 (copy on RevChem, file dated 07/08/2018) states 'Non-hazardous material' in Section 2.1 and prints 'Short fiber, for example particles or fly, can cause transient skin irritation.' in Section 2.3. This is an SDS for sizing type 4, not for T300; no T300 SDS was found.
      ghs: []
      source: toray-cfa-sds-sizing4
      where: Section 2.1 (Non-hazardous material) and Section 2.3 (health effects)
  failure_risks: []
  side_effects: []
  handling:
    - text: 'The Toray datasheet says: Please refer to SDS for handling and disposal. The SDS was not read in this run, so no hazard classification is recorded.'
      source: toray-t300-ds
      where: Footer note under the Packaging table
    - text: The Toray Carbon Fibers America data sheet No. CFA-001 refers the reader to 'Section 4 for Safety & Handling information' and says the properties are for material selection only.
      source: toray-cfa-001
      where: Footer notes below the Composite Properties table
  mitigations:
    - text: The Toray manual advises local removal of dust at the point of generation, which it calls highly effective. Personnel should wear goggles, facemasks, gloves and protective clothing wherever dust generation is significant, and electrical equipment should be isolated.
      source: toray-tech-manual
      where: Safety and Handling section (PDF page 16, printed page 12)
uses:
  - application: structures
    device: Composite parts made by weaving, braiding, filament winding or prepreg
    example: Toray calls T300 a baseline carbon fibre with a 40-year production history, with excellent processability in weaving, braiding, filament winding and prepreg methods.
    source: toray-t300-ds
    where: Product Notes, first paragraph
  - application: structures
    device: Carbon-fibre structures in aerospace, ships, automotive, civil engineering and sports equipment
    example: Wikipedia lists aerospace, superstructures of ships, automotive, civil engineering and sports equipment as carbon-fibre applications in general; it does not name T300 for any of them.
    source: wikipedia-carbon-fiber
    where: Applications list in the article text
supply:
  - subject: Carbon fibre precursors (polyacrylonitrile, rayon, petroleum pitch)
    demand: Not read for T300 specifically.
    routes: Wikipedia says carbon fibre is produced from a precursor polymer such as polyacrylonitrile (PAN), rayon or petroleum pitch, and that the filament yarns are heated to drive off non-carbon atoms. No temperature is printed for that step.
    producers: []
    critical_lists: []
    substitutes: []
    source: wikipedia-carbon-fiber
    where: Precursor paragraph of the article text
  - subject: Toray TORAYCA T300 manufacturing sites
    demand: The datasheet says manufacturing locations include Japan and France. No production shares are printed.
    routes: Not described on the sheet.
    producers: []
    critical_lists: []
    substitutes: []
    source: toray-t300-ds
    where: Product Notes, first paragraph
  - subject: Standard spool size for T300 (packaging, not supply)
    demand: The Toray card lists a standard spool size of 2.0 kg for T300 at 3,000 filaments.
    routes: Not described.
    producers: []
    critical_lists: []
    substitutes: []
    source: toray-card
    where: Typical fiber properties table, Spool Size column, T300 row
  - subject: TORAYCA carbon fibre production sites and capacity (Toray Industries)
    demand: No demand or market share figure is printed in the manual. It calls Toray 'Largest carbon fiber manufacturer in the world'.
    routes: TORAYCA fiber is developed at the Ehime manufacturing complex in Japan and is produced in the United States, France and South Korea. The manual says 'Global capacity is currently at 29,100 metric tons per year' (Rev. 4/2020). It also says Toray was the 'World's first commercial manufacturer of PAN based carbon fibers, since 1971'. No production share by country is printed.
    producers: []
    critical_lists: []
    substitutes: []
    source: toray-tech-manual
    where: Opening text of the manual (PDF page 4), paragraphs on TORAYCA fiber development and Toray's leadership
documents:
  - title: TORAYCA T300 Standard Modulus Carbon Fiber Data Sheet (Rev. 04/22/2025)
    type: datasheet
    url: https://www.toraycma.com/wp-content/uploads/T300-Data-Sheet.pdf
    year: 2025
  - title: Toray TORAYCA typical fiber properties card
    type: datasheet
    url: https://www.toraycma.com/wp-content/uploads/Carbon-Fiber-Card.pdf
  - title: NASA outgassing database (legacy Outgassing_Db CSV)
    type: database
    url: https://data.nasa.gov/docs/legacy/Outgassing_Db/Outgassing_Db_rows.csv
  - title: NIST Atomic Weights and Isotopic Compositions, carbon
    type: database
    url: https://physics.nist.gov/cgi-bin/Compositions/stand_alone.pl?ele=C&all=all&ascii=html
  - title: TORAYCA Technical Manual, Revision 4/2020
    type: report
    url: https://www.toraycma.com/wp-content/uploads/Torayca-Technical-Manual_4-28-2020.pdf
    year: 2020
  - title: Toray Carbon Fibers America SDS, Carbon Fiber TORAYCA Sizing Type 4 (file dated 07/08/2018)
    type: sds
    url: https://www.revchem.com/?p=30838
    year: 2018
  - title: Toray T300 Data Sheet No. CFA-001 (copy on Rockwest Composites)
    type: datasheet
    url: https://www.rockwestcomposites.com/downloads/Toray-T300.pdf
gaps:
  - The T300 product safety data sheet from Toray was not found. The hazard entries use the Toray Technical Manual (Rev. 4/2020) and a Toray Carbon Fibers America SDS for sizing type 4, which is a different product.
  - The older Toray Carbon Fibers America sheet CFA-001 (copy on Rockwest Composites) prints a composite tensile strength of 1,860 MPa and a tensile modulus of 135 GPa on a Toray 250 F epoxy. Those values are not used here. The Rev. 04/22/2025 sheet prints 1820 MPa and 140 GPa on
  - Producer shares by country for carbon fibre were not found in a source read in this run, so the producers list stays empty.
  - The PAN share of world carbon fibre production was not verified. An open review seen in search results could not be fetched.
  - The precursor polymer for T300 (PAN, rayon or pitch) is not printed on the sheets read; Wikipedia names the options only.
  - No CAS number for the T300 fibre was read.
  - No temperature for thermal oxidation or heat ageing of T300 in air was read.
  - No galvanic corrosion data for T300 with aluminium or other metals were read.
  - UV, chemical resistance and humidity ageing data for the fibre were not read. The only moisture statement is a general one about CFRP on Wikipedia.
  - No flight, satellite or launcher record for T300 was read in this run. The only space data are NASA outgassing rows for T300 laminates.
  - No producer shares, country production figures, critical-mineral listings or substitutes for carbon fibre were read. No USGS commodity was checked for T300.
  - Failure-mode data (fracture, fatigue, impact) for T300 were not read. Strain at failure is recorded under properties.
  - The datasheet values are lot averages, and the sheet says they are not intended for specification. Test codes TY-030B-01, -02 and -03 are Toray's own and are not described on the sheet.
  - No image file was read, so no media entries were added.
  - Electric resistivity is printed as 1.7 x 10-3 Ω·cm in the datasheet, but the value could not be matched to the printed text by the value check (exponent form), so the property was left out.
  - 'Properties not in the property canon and named in snake_case: filament_diameter, tow_linear_density, compressive_strength, interlaminar_shear_strength, in_plane_shear_strength, transverse_tensile_strength, total_mass_loss and cvcm.'
  - Thermal conductivity is printed in J/cm·s·°C with no direction or test method. The unit is kept as printed.
  - The NASA outgassing CSV has no unit row, so percent for TML and CVCM is assumed, as the NASA convention.
  - The NASA rows are for laminates with named resin systems (M76 and 954-6), not for the T300 fibre alone.
sources:
  toray-t300-ds:
    title: TORAYCA T300 Standard Modulus Carbon Fiber Data Sheet
    id: Toray Carbon Fibers, TORAYCA T300 datasheet, Rev. 04/22/2025
    url: https://www.toraycma.com/wp-content/uploads/T300-Data-Sheet.pdf
    year: 2025
    kind: datasheet
    license: manufacturer data sheet, linked not reproduced
  toray-card:
    title: Toray TORAYCA typical fiber properties card (nominal values)
    id: Carbon-Fiber-Card.pdf, Toray Carbon Fibers
    url: https://www.toraycma.com/wp-content/uploads/Carbon-Fiber-Card.pdf
    kind: datasheet
    license: manufacturer card, linked not reproduced
  nasa-outgassing-db:
    title: NASA outgassing database (legacy Outgassing_Db CSV)
    id: NASA data.nasa.gov, legacy Outgassing_Db
    url: https://data.nasa.gov/docs/legacy/Outgassing_Db/Outgassing_Db_rows.csv
    kind: database
    license: NASA public data
  wikipedia-carbon-fiber:
    title: Carbon fiber, Wikipedia
    id: English Wikipedia article, text read on 2026-11-01
    url: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carbon_fiber
    kind: web
    license: CC BY-SA 4.0, linked not reproduced
  nist-atomic-weights:
    title: NIST Atomic Weights and Isotopic Compositions, carbon
    id: 'NIST standard atomic weight of C: [12.0096, 12.0116]'
    url: https://physics.nist.gov/cgi-bin/Compositions/stand_alone.pl?ele=C&all=all&ascii=html
    kind: database
    license: US government data
  toray-tech-manual:
    title: TORAYCA Technical Manual
    id: Torayca Technical Manual, Revision 4/2020
    url: https://www.toraycma.com/wp-content/uploads/Torayca-Technical-Manual_4-28-2020.pdf
    year: 2020
    kind: handbook
    license: manufacturer manual, linked not reproduced
  toray-cfa-sds-sizing4:
    title: Toray Carbon Fibers America SDS, Carbon Fiber TORAYCA Sizing Type 4
    id: RevChem copy, file header dated 07/08/2018, Section 1.1 names Toray Carbon Fibers America, Inc.
    url: https://www.revchem.com/?p=30838
    year: 2018
    kind: datasheet
    license: safety data sheet, third-party copy, linked not reproduced
  toray-cfa-001:
    title: Toray T300 Data Sheet No. CFA-001 (Toray Carbon Fibers America)
    id: CFA-001, copy hosted by Rockwest Composites
    url: https://www.rockwestcomposites.com/downloads/Toray-T300.pdf
    kind: datasheet
    license: manufacturer data sheet, linked not reproduced
license: CC-BY-4.0
updated: '2026-11-01'
review:
  status: draft
  method: assistant
  checked_values: 21
  unreachable: 0
  caveats: 3
  note: 'Written by an AI assistant on 2026-11-01 from the Toray datasheet and card, the NASA outgassing CSV, Wikipedia and NIST, all read in this run. 21 values read. Caveats: datasheet values are lot averages; NASA rows are laminates, not fibre; percent is assumed for the CSV. Deepen pass 2026-11-02: added the Toray Technical Manual (Rev. 4/2020) for hazards, mitigations and production sites, a Toray Carbon Fibers America SDS for sizing type 4 for hazards, and the CFA-001 data sheet for handling. Open ageing papers were not found.'
story:
  recipe:
    line: Torayca T300 is a carbon fibre, made mostly of carbon. The Toray datasheet prints a carbon content above 93 % and sodium plus potassium below 50 ppm. Carbon fibre starts from a precursor polymer (polyacrylonitrile, rayon or petroleum pitch) whose filament yarns are heated to drive off non-carbon atoms, according to Wikipedia. The T300 precursor is not printed on the sheets read, so it is not stated here.
    parts:
      - name: Carbon
        symbol: C
        share_note: more than 93 % by weight (Toray datasheet, Chemical Composition row); NIST standard atomic weight interval [12.0096, 12.0116]
        role: The main constituent. The stiff filament is built from carbon.
      - name: Sodium and potassium (impurities)
        symbol: Na + K
        share_note: below 50 ppm (Toray datasheet)
        role: Trace impurities printed on the datasheet. The sheet gives no role for them.
  risk_groups:
    - title: For people
      lead: No hazard classification was read for T300. The Toray datasheet refers the reader to the safety data sheet for handling and disposal, and that SDS was not read in this run.
      level: 1
      verdict: Not assessed in this run
      points:
        - label: Handling
          line: Use the supplier SDS for the lot in hand before handling or disposal.
        - label: Packaging
          line: The datasheet's packaging table lists 3K tow in bobbins with a net weight of 2.0 kg, and the card lists a standard spool of 2.0 kg.
    - title: If it fails
      lead: The only failure-related value read is the fibre's strain at failure, 1.5 %.
      level: 2
      verdict: Fracture data not found; see gaps.
      points:
        - label: Fracture strain
          line: The fibre's strain at failure is 1.5 % per the datasheet, against a fibre tensile strength of 3530 MPa.
  why: 'Torayca T300 is a standard-modulus carbon fibre from Toray. The datasheet prints a fibre tensile strength of 3530 MPa (512 ksi) and a tensile modulus of 230 GPa (33.4 Msi), with a density of 1.76 g/cm3. Toray calls it a baseline fibre with a 40-year production history, used in weaving, braiding, filament winding and prepreg. The composite values are for a #2500 epoxy cured at 130 °C and normalized to 60 % fibre volume.'
  uses:
    - where: Composite structures
      line: The Toray datasheet says T300 works well in weaving, braiding, filament winding and prepreg manufacturing.
    - where: Aerospace and other structures
      line: Wikipedia lists aerospace, ship superstructures, automotive, civil engineering and sports equipment among carbon-fibre applications. It does not name T300 for any of them.
    - where: Space, laminate outgassing only
      line: NASA's outgassing database lists T300 epoxy laminates with total mass loss in vacuum of 0.6 % (T300/M76) and 0.13 % (T300/954-6). These are laminate records. No flight record for T300 was read in this run.
  can_do:
    - label: Strength
      value: 3530 MPa fibre
      benchmark: ultimate_tensile_strength
      line: 'The fibre tensile strength is 3530 MPa (512 ksi), per the datasheet. In the composite normalized to 60 % fibre volume and cured with #2500 epoxy at 130 °C, the tensile strength is 1820 MPa under ASTM D3039.'
    - label: Stiffness
      value: 230 GPa fibre
      benchmark: elastic_modulus
      line: The fibre tensile modulus is 230 GPa (33.4 Msi). The composite tensile modulus on the same matrix and fibre-volume basis is 140 GPa.
    - label: Density
      value: 1.76 g/cm3
      benchmark: density
      line: The datasheet prints a density of 1.76 g/cm3 for the fibre.
    - label: Strain at failure
      value: 1.5 %
      benchmark: elongation
      line: The fibre fails at a printed strain of 1.5 %. The composite strain in the same test is 1.26 %.
  compare: Torayca T300 is the standard-modulus fibre in this comparison set. Its fibre tensile modulus is 230 GPa and its tensile strength is 3530 MPa, with a density of 1.76 g/cm3. The sheets read do not include other Toray grades, so this profile does not rank T300 against them. Read the table rows as one fibre's values, not as a ranking.
  compare_rows:
    - label: Fibre tensile modulus
      benchmark: elastic_modulus
      scope: material
    - label: Fibre tensile strength
      benchmark: ultimate_tensile_strength
      scope: material
    - label: Density
      benchmark: density
      scope: material
  handling:
    - Read the supplier safety data sheet before handling or disposal. The Toray datasheet refers to it, and it was not read in this run.
    - 'Specify the resin system with the fibre. The composite values depend on the matrix, which the datasheet gives as #2500 epoxy cured at 130 °C.'
    - Treat the printed values as lot averages for material selection, not as specification limits, as the datasheet states.
  good_for:
    - Composite structures made by weaving, braiding, filament winding or prepreg, per the Toray datasheet.
    - 'Stiffness and strength at standard modulus: a 230 GPa fibre tensile modulus and a 3530 MPa fibre tensile strength.'
    - A carbon fibre with fibre and composite values printed on one datasheet, with the test standard named for the composite rows.
  watch_out:
    - 'Matrix effect: the composite tensile strength is 1820 MPa, against 3530 MPa for the fibre alone, in the datasheet''s test.'
    - 'Outgassing: the T300/M76 laminate loses 0.6 % of its mass in vacuum (NASA). That is a laminate value and depends on the resin.'
    - 'Lot averages: the datasheet says its data are not intended for specification.'
    - 'Missing data: no hazard classification, precursor, supply share or heat-ageing temperature was read for T300.'
  verdict: The Toray datasheet gives fibre and composite values with test methods. Hazard, supply, ageing and flight data are missing from this profile and are listed in gaps.