spore: profile
id: stainless-17-4ph
spore_version: 0.2
family: stainless-precipitation-hardening
name: 17-4 PH stainless steel
abbreviation: 17-4 PH (UNS S17400, Type 630)
role: precipitation-hardening structural alloy
category: metals
type: steels-and-stainless
summary: |
  17-4 PH is a martensitic, precipitation-hardening stainless steel with about 15 to 17.5 percent chromium, 3 to 5 percent nickel and 3 to 5 percent copper (Carpenter). It is supplied annealed and then aged in one step at about 480 to 620 C (900 to 1150 F). The aging temperature sets the strength: H900 is the strongest and hardest condition, and H1150 is softer and tougher. In most media its corrosion resistance is close to Type 304, but peak-aged material is more prone to stress corrosion cracking, so the aging condition has to be chosen for the environment as well as the load.
best_for: High-strength fittings, fasteners, shafts and valve parts that need more strength than 304 and moderate corrosion resistance
weakest_at: Stress corrosion cracking and pitting in peak-aged (H900) material, and crevice corrosion in stagnant salt water
identity:
  formula: Fe balance, 15.0 to 17.5 Cr, 3.0 to 5.0 Ni, 3.0 to 5.0 Cu, 0.15 to 0.45 Nb plus Ta, max 0.070 C, max 1.00 Mn, max 1.00 Si, max 0.040 P, max 0.030 S (wt%)
  source: carp-select
  where: Type analysis table (Carpenter 17-4 SELECT data sheet, UNS S17400 type)
  designations:
    - system: UNS
      code: S17400
      source: carp-select
      where: 'Associated identifiers line: UNS S17400'
    - system: AISI
      code: '630'
      source: carp-select
      where: 'Associated identifiers line: AISI 630'
    - system: EN
      code: '1.4542'
      source: austral-174
      where: 'Equivalent Specifications table, Steel Europe row: EN10088 X5CrNiCuNb16-4 1.4542'
    - system: EN name
      code: X5CrNiCuNb16-4
      source: austral-174
      where: Equivalent Specifications table, Steel Europe row
    - system: JIS
      code: SUS630
      source: austral-174
      where: 'Equivalent Specifications table, Japan row: JIS G4305 SUS 630'
    - system: AFNOR
      code: Z6CNU1704
      source: ams5643-page
      where: 'Specifications list: AFNOR Z6CNU1704, beside WS 1.4542'
    - system: ASTM
      code: A564
      note: bars, wire and shapes
      source: jacquet-174
      where: 'Specifications table: ASTM A564 Bars, Wire and Shapes'
    - system: ASTM
      code: A693
      note: sheet, plate and strip
      source: jacquet-174
      where: 'Specifications table: ASTM A693 Sheet, Plate and Strip'
    - system: ASTM
      code: A705
      note: forgings
      source: jacquet-174
      where: 'Specifications table: ASTM A705 Forgings'
    - system: ASTM
      code: F899
      note: when fully aged
      source: carp-select
      where: 'Applicable specifications line: ASTM F899 (when fully aged)'
    - system: ASME
      code: SA-564
      source: carp-select
      where: 'Applicable specifications line: ASME SA564'
    - system: ASME
      code: SA-693
      note: plate, sheet and strip
      source: jacquet-174
      where: 'Specifications table: ASME SA-693 beside ASTM A693'
    - system: ASME
      code: SA-705
      note: forgings
      source: jacquet-174
      where: 'Specifications table: ASME SA-705 beside ASTM A705'
    - system: AMS
      code: '5604'
      note: sheet, strip and plate
      source: jacquet-174
      where: 'Specifications table: AMS 5604 Sheet, Strip and Plate'
    - system: AMS
      code: '5643'
      note: bars, forgings, tubing and rings
      source: jacquet-174
      where: 'Specifications table: AMS 5643 Bars, Forgings, Tubing and Rings'
    - system: AMS
      code: '5622'
      note: vacuum melt; bars, wire, forgings, tubing and rings
      source: ams5643-page
      where: 'Specifications list: AMS 5622 (Vac Melt) Bars, Wire, Forgings, Tubing and Rings'
    - system: AMS
      code: '5642'
      note: bar
      source: ams5643-page
      where: 'Specifications list: AMS 5642 Bar'
    - system: AMS
      code: '5523'
      source: ulbrich-wire
      where: 'Product heading: ASTM A564, ASTM 693, AMS 5523, AMS 5604, AMS 5643'
    - system: AMS
      code: '7474'
      note: bolts
      source: jacquet-174
      where: 'Specifications table: AMS 7474 Bolts'
    - system: MIL
      code: MIL-S-25043
      source: ams5643-page
      where: 'Specifications list: MIL-S-25043'
    - system: Trade name
      code: Custom 630
      source: carp-card
      where: 'Card title: Custom 630 (17-4)'
    - system: Trade name
      code: 17-4 PH
      source: ulbrich-wire
      where: 'Title: 17-4 PH® Stainless Steel, UNS S17400'
tags:
  environments: []
  stresses: []
  applications:
    - structures
    - mechanisms
    - propulsion-and-tanks
properties:
  - benchmark: density
    value: 7.75
    unit: g/cm3
    scope: material
    conditions:
      condition: Condition A (annealed)
      basis: typical, room temperature
      form: sheet, strip, plate and long products
    method: Physical properties table, Density in g/cm3 row, Condition A column
    status: ground
    source: jacquet-174
    where: Physical properties table (Density, g/cm3 row)
  - benchmark: density
    value: 7.81
    unit: g/cm3
    scope: material
    conditions:
      condition: H900
      basis: typical, room temperature
      form: sheet, strip, plate and long products
    method: Physical properties table, Density in g/cm3 row, H 900 column
    status: ground
    source: jacquet-174
    where: Physical properties table (Density, g/cm3 row)
  - benchmark: density
    value: 7.86
    unit: g/cm3
    scope: material
    conditions:
      condition: H1150
      basis: typical, room temperature
      form: sheet, strip, plate and long products
    method: Physical properties table, Density in g/cm3 row, H 1150 column
    status: ground
    source: jacquet-174
    where: Physical properties table (Density, g/cm3 row)
  - benchmark: elastic_modulus
    value: 196
    unit: GPa
    scope: material
    conditions:
      condition: all conditions printed (Condition A, H900, H1075, H1150)
      basis: modulus of elasticity, printed as 28.5 x 10^6 psi (196 GPa)
    method: Mechanical properties table, Modulus of Elasticity row, GPa value in parentheses
    status: ground
    source: jacquet-174
    where: Mechanical properties table (Modulus of Elasticity row)
  - benchmark: elastic_modulus
    value: 200
    value_high: 201
    unit: GPa
    scope: material
    conditions:
      condition: tension, printed as a range across conditions
      basis: modulus of elasticity, tension
    method: Physical properties table, Modulus of Elasticity tension row, minimum and maximum as printed
    status: ground
    source: austral-174
    where: Physical Properties table (Modulus of Elasticity, Tension row)
  - benchmark: shear_modulus
    value: 77.2
    unit: GPa
    scope: material
    conditions:
      condition: all conditions printed (Condition A, H900, H1075, H1150)
      basis: modulus of rigidity, printed as 11.2 x 10^6 psi (77.2 GPa)
    method: Mechanical properties table, Modulus of Rigidity row, GPa value in parentheses
    status: ground
    source: jacquet-174
    where: Mechanical properties table (Modulus of Rigidity row)
  - benchmark: poissons_ratio
    value: 0.272
    unit: '-'
    scope: material
    conditions:
      condition: H900, H1075 and H1150 (same value printed for each)
      basis: room temperature
    method: Physical properties table, Poisson's ratio rows, value as printed
    status: ground
    source: carp-select
    where: Physical properties table (Poisson's ratio, three condition rows)
  - benchmark: melting_point
    value: 1404
    value_high: 1440
    unit: °C
    scope: material
    conditions:
      basis: melting range as printed, no solidus or liquidus split
      unit_in_source: 2560-2625 F (1404-1440 C)
    method: Physical properties table, Melting Range row, Celsius range as printed
    status: ground
    source: upmet-174
    where: Physical Properties table (Melting Range row)
  - benchmark: thermal_conductivity
    value: 17.9
    unit: W/m.K
    scope: material
    conditions:
      condition: H900
      temperature: 149 C (300 F)
      unit_in_source: 124.0 Btu-in/hr/ft2/F at 300 F
    method: Physical properties table, Thermal Conductivity row, W/m.K value as printed
    status: ground
    source: carp-select
    where: Physical properties, Thermal Conductivity, H 900 at 300 F (149 C)
  - benchmark: thermal_conductivity
    value: 22.6
    unit: W/m.K
    scope: material
    conditions:
      condition: H900
      temperature: 482 C (900 F)
      unit_in_source: 157.0 Btu-in/hr/ft2/F at 900 F
    method: Physical properties table, Thermal Conductivity row, W/m.K value as printed
    status: ground
    source: carp-select
    where: Physical properties, Thermal Conductivity, H 900 at 900 F (482 C)
  - benchmark: specific_heat
    value: 419
    unit: J/kg.K
    scope: material
    conditions:
      condition: not split by condition in the table
      temperature: 0 to 100 C (32 to 212 F)
      unit_in_source: 0.1000 Btu/lb/F
    method: Physical properties table, Mean Specific Heat row, J/kg.K value as printed
    status: ground
    source: carp-select
    where: Physical properties table (Mean Specific Heat row)
  - benchmark: specific_heat
    value: 460
    unit: J/kg.K
    scope: material
    conditions:
      condition: Condition A (annealed)
      temperature: 0 to 100 C (32 to 212 F)
      unit_in_source: 0.11 Btu/lb/F
    method: Specific Heat (Annealed Condition) table, J/kg.K value as printed
    status: ground
    source: upmet-174
    where: Physical Properties table (Specific Heat, annealed condition row)
  - benchmark: cte
    value: 11.3
    unit: 10-6/°C
    scope: material
    conditions:
      condition: Condition A
      temperature: 21 to 427 C (70 to 800 F)
    method: Physical properties table, mean linear CTE at +70 to 800 F row, metric value in parentheses, Condition A column
    status: ground
    source: jacquet-174
    where: Physical properties table (Linear Coefficient of Thermal Expansion, +70 to 800 F row)
  - benchmark: cte
    value: 11.7
    unit: 10-6/°C
    scope: material
    conditions:
      condition: H900
      temperature: 21 to 427 C (70 to 800 F)
    method: Physical properties table, mean linear CTE at +70 to 800 F row, metric value in parentheses, H 900 column
    status: ground
    source: jacquet-174
    where: Physical properties table (Linear Coefficient of Thermal Expansion, +70 to 800 F row)
  - benchmark: cte
    value: 13
    unit: 10-6/°C
    scope: material
    conditions:
      condition: H1150
      temperature: 21 to 427 C (70 to 800 F)
    method: Physical properties table, mean linear CTE at +70 to 800 F row, metric value in parentheses, H 1150 column
    status: ground
    source: jacquet-174
    where: Physical properties table (Linear Coefficient of Thermal Expansion, +70 to 800 F row)
  - benchmark: cte
    value: 11.2
    unit: 10-6/°C
    scope: material
    conditions:
      condition: Condition A (annealed)
      temperature: 21 to 427 C (70 to 800 F)
      unit_in_source: μm/m·°C
    method: Mean Coefficient of Thermal Expansion table (annealed condition), value printed in μm/m·°C, which equals 10-6/°C
    status: ground
    source: upmet-174
    where: Physical properties table (Mean Coefficient of Thermal Expansion, 21-427 C row)
  - benchmark: electrical_resistivity
    value: 98
    unit: microhm-cm
    scope: material
    conditions:
      condition: Condition A (annealed)
      temperature: room temperature
    method: Physical properties table, Electrical Resistivity row, value as printed
    status: ground
    source: jacquet-174
    where: Physical properties table (Electrical Resistivity row, Condition A column)
  - benchmark: electrical_resistivity
    value: 77
    unit: microhm-cm
    scope: material
    conditions:
      condition: H900
      temperature: room temperature
    method: Physical properties table, Electrical Resistivity row, value as printed
    status: ground
    source: jacquet-174
    where: Physical properties table (Electrical Resistivity row, H 900 column)
  - benchmark: max_service_temp
    value: 316
    unit: °C
    scope: material
    conditions:
      basis: statement that high strength is maintained to approximately 600 F (316 C)
    method: Introduction text, Celsius value in parentheses as printed
    status: ground
    source: jacquet-174
    where: Introduction (high strength maintained to approximately 600 F (316 C))
  - benchmark: yield_strength
    value: 1262
    unit: MPa
    scope: material
    conditions:
      condition: H900
      basis: typical, room temperature, 0.2 percent offset
      form: bar, cold finished
    method: Typical mechanical properties table, 0.2 percent yield strength in MPa column
    status: ground
    source: carp-select
    where: Typical mechanical properties table (H 900 row, MPa)
  - benchmark: yield_strength
    value: 1117
    unit: MPa
    scope: material
    conditions:
      condition: H1025
      basis: typical, room temperature, 0.2 percent offset
      form: bar, cold finished
    method: Typical mechanical properties table, 0.2 percent yield strength in MPa column
    status: ground
    source: carp-select
    where: Typical mechanical properties table (H 1025 row, MPa)
  - benchmark: yield_strength
    value: 869
    unit: MPa
    scope: material
    conditions:
      condition: H1150
      basis: typical, room temperature, 0.2 percent offset
      form: bar, cold finished
    method: Typical mechanical properties table, 0.2 percent yield strength in MPa column
    status: ground
    source: carp-select
    where: Typical mechanical properties table (H 1150 row, MPa)
  - benchmark: ultimate_tensile_strength
    value: 1365
    unit: MPa
    scope: material
    conditions:
      condition: H900
      basis: typical, room temperature
      form: bar, cold finished
    method: Typical mechanical properties table, ultimate tensile strength in MPa column
    status: ground
    source: carp-select
    where: Typical mechanical properties table (H 900 row, MPa)
  - benchmark: ultimate_tensile_strength
    value: 1158
    unit: MPa
    scope: material
    conditions:
      condition: H1025
      basis: typical, room temperature
      form: bar, cold finished
    method: Typical mechanical properties table, ultimate tensile strength in MPa column
    status: ground
    source: carp-select
    where: Typical mechanical properties table (H 1025 row, MPa)
  - benchmark: ultimate_tensile_strength
    value: 993
    unit: MPa
    scope: material
    conditions:
      condition: H1150
      basis: typical, room temperature
      form: bar, cold finished
    method: Typical mechanical properties table, ultimate tensile strength in MPa column
    status: ground
    source: carp-select
    where: Typical mechanical properties table (H 1150 row, MPa)
  - benchmark: elongation
    value: 15
    unit: '%'
    scope: material
    conditions:
      condition: H900
      basis: typical, elongation in 2 in (50.8 mm)
      form: bar, cold finished
    method: Typical mechanical properties table, elongation column
    status: ground
    source: carp-select
    where: Typical mechanical properties table (H 900 row, elongation)
  - benchmark: elongation
    value: 16
    unit: '%'
    scope: material
    conditions:
      condition: H1025
      basis: typical, elongation in 2 in (50.8 mm)
      form: bar, cold finished
    method: Typical mechanical properties table, elongation column
    status: ground
    source: carp-select
    where: Typical mechanical properties table (H 1025 row, elongation)
  - benchmark: elongation
    value: 20
    unit: '%'
    scope: material
    conditions:
      condition: H1150
      basis: typical, elongation in 2 in (50.8 mm)
      form: bar, cold finished
    method: Typical mechanical properties table, elongation column
    status: ground
    source: carp-select
    where: Typical mechanical properties table (H 1150 row, elongation)
  - benchmark: hardness_rockwell_c
    value: 36
    unit: HRC
    scope: material
    conditions:
      condition: Condition A (annealed and cold finished)
      basis: typical, room temperature, Brinell 352 as printed
      form: bar, cold finished
    method: Typical mechanical properties table, Rockwell C hardness column
    status: ground
    source: carp-select
    where: Typical mechanical properties table (Hardness, Condition A row)
  - benchmark: hardness_rockwell_c
    value: 44
    unit: HRC
    scope: material
    conditions:
      condition: H900
      basis: typical, room temperature, Brinell 420 as printed
      form: bar, cold finished
    method: Typical mechanical properties table, Rockwell C hardness column
    status: ground
    source: carp-select
    where: Typical mechanical properties table (Hardness, H 900 row)
  - benchmark: hardness_rockwell_c
    value: 38
    unit: HRC
    scope: material
    conditions:
      condition: H1025
      basis: typical, room temperature, Brinell 352 as printed
      form: bar, cold finished
    method: Typical mechanical properties table, Rockwell C hardness column
    status: ground
    source: carp-select
    where: Typical mechanical properties table (Hardness, H 1025 row)
  - benchmark: hardness_rockwell_c
    value: 33
    unit: HRC
    scope: material
    conditions:
      condition: H1150
      basis: typical, room temperature, Brinell 311 as printed
      form: bar, cold finished
    method: Typical mechanical properties table, Rockwell C hardness column
    status: ground
    source: carp-select
    where: Typical mechanical properties table (Hardness, H 1150 row)
  - benchmark: yield_strength
    value: 760
    unit: MPa
    scope: material
    conditions:
      condition: Condition A
      basis: typical, room temperature, 0.2 percent offset
      form: sheet, strip, plate and long products
    method: Mechanical properties table, 0.2 percent offset yield strength in MPa row
    status: ground
    source: jacquet-174
    where: Mechanical properties table (0.2 percent Offset Yield Strength, MPa, Condition A)
  - benchmark: yield_strength
    value: 1240
    unit: MPa
    scope: material
    conditions:
      condition: H900
      basis: typical, room temperature, 0.2 percent offset
      form: sheet, strip, plate and long products
    method: Mechanical properties table, 0.2 percent offset yield strength in MPa row
    status: ground
    source: jacquet-174
    where: Mechanical properties table (0.2 percent Offset Yield Strength, MPa, H 900)
  - benchmark: yield_strength
    value: 860
    unit: MPa
    scope: material
    conditions:
      condition: H1150
      basis: typical, room temperature, 0.2 percent offset
      form: sheet, strip, plate and long products
    method: Mechanical properties table, 0.2 percent offset yield strength in MPa row
    status: ground
    source: jacquet-174
    where: Mechanical properties table (0.2 percent Offset Yield Strength, MPa, H 1150)
  - benchmark: ultimate_tensile_strength
    value: 1030
    unit: MPa
    scope: material
    conditions:
      condition: Condition A
      basis: typical, room temperature
      form: sheet, strip, plate and long products
    method: Mechanical properties table, Ultimate Tensile Strength in MPa row
    status: ground
    source: jacquet-174
    where: Mechanical properties table (Ultimate Tensile Strength, MPa, Condition A)
  - benchmark: ultimate_tensile_strength
    value: 1340
    unit: MPa
    scope: material
    conditions:
      condition: H900
      basis: typical, room temperature
      form: sheet, strip, plate and long products
    method: Mechanical properties table, Ultimate Tensile Strength in MPa row
    status: ground
    source: jacquet-174
    where: Mechanical properties table (Ultimate Tensile Strength, MPa, H 900)
  - benchmark: ultimate_tensile_strength
    value: 1000
    unit: MPa
    scope: material
    conditions:
      condition: H1150
      basis: typical, room temperature
      form: sheet, strip, plate and long products
    method: Mechanical properties table, Ultimate Tensile Strength in MPa row
    status: ground
    source: jacquet-174
    where: Mechanical properties table (Ultimate Tensile Strength, MPa, H 1150)
  - benchmark: elongation
    value: 8
    unit: '%'
    scope: material
    conditions:
      condition: Condition A
      basis: typical, elongation in 2 in
      form: sheet, strip, plate and long products
    method: Mechanical properties table, Elongation row, percentage in 2 in
    status: ground
    source: jacquet-174
    where: Mechanical properties table (Elongation row, Condition A)
  - benchmark: elongation
    value: 10
    unit: '%'
    scope: material
    conditions:
      condition: H900
      basis: typical, elongation in 2 in
      form: sheet, strip, plate and long products
    method: Mechanical properties table, Elongation row, percentage in 2 in
    status: ground
    source: jacquet-174
    where: Mechanical properties table (Elongation row, H 900)
  - benchmark: elongation
    value: 10
    unit: '%'
    scope: material
    conditions:
      condition: H1150
      basis: typical, elongation in 2 in
      form: sheet, strip, plate and long products
    method: Mechanical properties table, Elongation row, percentage in 2 in
    status: ground
    source: jacquet-174
    where: Mechanical properties table (Elongation row, H 1150)
  - benchmark: yield_strength
    value: 1170
    unit: MPa
    scope: material
    conditions:
      condition: H900
      basis: minimum, ASTM A564 bar table
      heat_treatment: 480 C, 1 h, air cool
      form: bar and shapes
    method: Minimum properties table, 0.2 percent proof stress MPa (min) column
    status: ground
    source: austral-174
    where: Temper table, ASTM A564 Bar and Shapes (H900 row, proof stress MPa min)
  - benchmark: yield_strength
    value: 1000
    unit: MPa
    scope: material
    conditions:
      condition: H1025
      basis: minimum, ASTM A564 bar table
      heat_treatment: 550 C, 4 h, air cool
      form: bar and shapes
    method: Minimum properties table, 0.2 percent proof stress MPa (min) column
    status: ground
    source: austral-174
    where: Temper table, ASTM A564 Bar and Shapes (H1025 row, proof stress MPa min)
  - benchmark: yield_strength
    value: 725
    unit: MPa
    scope: material
    conditions:
      condition: H1150
      basis: minimum, ASTM A564 bar table
      heat_treatment: 620 C, 4 h, air cool
      form: bar and shapes
    method: Minimum properties table, 0.2 percent proof stress MPa (min) column
    status: ground
    source: austral-174
    where: Temper table, ASTM A564 Bar and Shapes (H1150 row, proof stress MPa min)
  - benchmark: ultimate_tensile_strength
    value: 1310
    unit: MPa
    scope: material
    conditions:
      condition: H900
      basis: minimum, ASTM A564 bar table
      heat_treatment: 480 C, 1 h, air cool
      form: bar and shapes
    method: Minimum properties table, tensile strength MPa (min) column
    status: ground
    source: austral-174
    where: Temper table, ASTM A564 Bar and Shapes (H900 row, tensile MPa min)
  - benchmark: ultimate_tensile_strength
    value: 1070
    unit: MPa
    scope: material
    conditions:
      condition: H1025
      basis: minimum, ASTM A564 bar table
      heat_treatment: 550 C, 4 h, air cool
      form: bar and shapes
    method: Minimum properties table, tensile strength MPa (min) column
    status: ground
    source: austral-174
    where: Temper table, ASTM A564 Bar and Shapes (H1025 row, tensile MPa min)
  - benchmark: ultimate_tensile_strength
    value: 930
    unit: MPa
    scope: material
    conditions:
      condition: H1150
      basis: minimum, ASTM A564 bar table
      heat_treatment: 620 C, 4 h, air cool
      form: bar and shapes
    method: Minimum properties table, tensile strength MPa (min) column
    status: ground
    source: austral-174
    where: Temper table, ASTM A564 Bar and Shapes (H1150 row, tensile MPa min)
  - benchmark: elongation
    value: 10
    unit: '%'
    scope: material
    conditions:
      condition: H900
      basis: minimum, ASTM A564 bar table
      form: bar and shapes
    method: Minimum properties table, elongation percent (min) column
    status: ground
    source: austral-174
    where: Temper table, ASTM A564 Bar and Shapes (H900 row, elongation min)
  - benchmark: elongation
    value: 12
    unit: '%'
    scope: material
    conditions:
      condition: H1025
      basis: minimum, ASTM A564 bar table
      form: bar and shapes
    method: Minimum properties table, elongation percent (min) column
    status: ground
    source: austral-174
    where: Temper table, ASTM A564 Bar and Shapes (H1025 row, elongation min)
  - benchmark: elongation
    value: 16
    unit: '%'
    scope: material
    conditions:
      condition: H1150
      basis: minimum, ASTM A564 bar table
      form: bar and shapes
    method: Minimum properties table, elongation percent (min) column
    status: ground
    source: austral-174
    where: Temper table, ASTM A564 Bar and Shapes (H1150 row, elongation min)
  - benchmark: hardness_rockwell_c
    value: 40
    unit: HRC
    scope: material
    conditions:
      condition: H900
      basis: minimum, ASTM A564 bar table
      form: bar and shapes
    method: Minimum properties table, Hardness Rockwell C (min) column
    status: ground
    source: austral-174
    where: Temper table, ASTM A564 Bar and Shapes (H900 row, Rockwell C min)
  - benchmark: hardness_rockwell_c
    value: 35
    unit: HRC
    scope: material
    conditions:
      condition: H1025
      basis: minimum, ASTM A564 bar table
      form: bar and shapes
    method: Minimum properties table, Hardness Rockwell C (min) column
    status: ground
    source: austral-174
    where: Temper table, ASTM A564 Bar and Shapes (H1025 row, Rockwell C min)
  - benchmark: hardness_rockwell_c
    value: 28
    unit: HRC
    scope: material
    conditions:
      condition: H1150
      basis: minimum, ASTM A564 bar table
      form: bar and shapes
    method: Minimum properties table, Hardness Rockwell C (min) column
    status: ground
    source: austral-174
    where: Temper table, ASTM A564 Bar and Shapes (H1150 row, Rockwell C min)
  - benchmark: charpy_impact_energy
    value: 20
    unit: J
    scope: material
    conditions:
      condition: H1025
      basis: minimum, ASTM A564 bar table, Charpy V-notch
      form: bar and shapes
    method: Minimum properties table, Impact Charpy VJ (min) column
    status: ground
    source: austral-174
    where: Temper table, ASTM A564 Bar and Shapes (H1025 row, Charpy VJ min)
  - benchmark: charpy_impact_energy
    value: 41
    unit: J
    scope: material
    conditions:
      condition: H1150
      basis: minimum, ASTM A564 bar table, Charpy V-notch
      form: bar and shapes
    method: Minimum properties table, Impact Charpy VJ (min) column
    status: ground
    source: austral-174
    where: Temper table, ASTM A564 Bar and Shapes (H1150 row, Charpy VJ min)
  - benchmark: elongation
    value: 5
    unit: '%'
    scope: material
    conditions:
      condition: H900
      basis: minimum, wire datasheet
      form: wire
    method: Heat treat capabilities (aged) table, elongation min
    status: ground
    source: ulbrich-wire
    where: Heat Treat Capabilities (Aged), H900 elongation min
  - benchmark: elongation
    value: 5
    unit: '%'
    scope: material
    conditions:
      condition: H1025
      basis: minimum, wire datasheet
      form: wire
    method: Heat treat capabilities (aged) table, elongation min
    status: ground
    source: ulbrich-wire
    where: Heat Treat Capabilities (Aged), H1025 elongation min
  - benchmark: elongation
    value: 8
    unit: '%'
    scope: material
    conditions:
      condition: H1150
      basis: minimum, wire datasheet
      form: wire
    method: Heat treat capabilities (aged) table, elongation min
    status: ground
    source: ulbrich-wire
    where: Heat Treat Capabilities (Aged), H1150 elongation min
corrosion:
  - environment: Sea water
    headline: Carpenter rates sea water as Restricted on its four-level comparative scale.
    effect: On Carpenter's comparative scale (Excellent, Good, Moderate, Restricted) sea water is Restricted for 17-4 SELECT, which carries the same UNS S17400 type. The scale is for comparison only and says corrosion testing is recommended. The site rating is mapped as Restricted to severe.
    rating: severe
    conditions:
      medium: sea water
      scale: Carpenter comparative rating
    source: carp-select
    where: Corrosion resistance, comparative rating table (Sea Water row)
  - environment: Salt spray (NaCl)
    headline: Carpenter rates salt spray as Good.
    effect: On Carpenter's comparative scale the salt spray entry for 17-4 SELECT is Good, mapped here to low.
    rating: low
    conditions:
      medium: salt spray (NaCl)
      scale: Carpenter comparative rating
    source: carp-select
    where: Corrosion resistance, comparative rating table (Salt Spray row)
  - environment: Humidity
    headline: Carpenter rates humidity as Excellent.
    effect: On Carpenter's comparative scale the humidity entry for 17-4 SELECT is Excellent, mapped here to low.
    rating: low
    conditions:
      medium: humid air
      scale: Carpenter comparative rating
    source: carp-select
    where: Corrosion resistance, comparative rating table (Humidity row)
  - environment: Nitric acid
    headline: Carpenter rates nitric acid as Good.
    effect: Carpenter's comparative table gives 17-4 SELECT a Good rating in nitric acid, mapped here to low. The table says factors such as temperature, concentration and pH change the result.
    rating: low
    conditions:
      medium: nitric acid
      scale: Carpenter comparative rating
    source: carp-select
    where: Corrosion resistance, comparative rating table (Nitric Acid row)
  - environment: Sulfuric acid
    headline: Carpenter rates sulfuric acid as Restricted.
    effect: Carpenter's comparative table gives 17-4 SELECT a Restricted rating in sulfuric acid, mapped here to severe.
    rating: severe
    conditions:
      medium: sulfuric acid
      scale: Carpenter comparative rating
    source: carp-select
    where: Corrosion resistance, comparative rating table (Sulfuric Acid row)
  - environment: Sour oil and gas
    headline: Carpenter rates sour oil and gas as Restricted.
    effect: Carpenter's comparative table rates sour oil and gas as Restricted for 17-4 SELECT, mapped here to severe. Use the NACE-listed aged conditions for sour service (see the mitigations).
    rating: severe
    conditions:
      medium: sour oil and gas
      scale: Carpenter comparative rating
    source: carp-select
    where: Corrosion resistance, comparative rating table (Sour Oil/Gas row)
  - environment: Sea coast atmosphere and salt water service
    headline: Sea coast air causes slow light rusting and pitting; salt water use relies on cathodic protection.
    effect: Austral Wright says 17-4PH develops overall light rusting and pitting slowly in sea coast atmospheres, and that it is used successfully in salt water as boat shafting with cathodic protection.
    rating: unknown
    conditions:
      medium: sea coast atmosphere; salt water with cathodic protection
    source: austral-174
    where: Corrosion resistance text (sea coast atmospheres; boat shafting)
  - environment: Crevice corrosion in stagnant salt water
    headline: Crevice corrosion can occur in stagnant salt water.
    effect: Wikipedia says 17-4 is susceptible to crevice corrosion in stagnant salt water, and that its corrosion resistance and machinability are comparable to 304.
    rating: unknown
    conditions:
      medium: stagnant salt water in crevices
    source: wiki-174
    where: Introduction (corrosion resistance and crevice corrosion statement)
  - environment: General corrosion in most media
    headline: Corrosion resistance is comparable to Type 304 in most media and superior to the 400 series.
    effect: Jacquet states that corrosion resistance is comparable to Type 304 stainless steel in most media and superior to the hardenable 400 series stainless steels. Carpenter's card describes the corrosion resistance as moderate.
    rating: low
    conditions:
      medium: most media
    source: jacquet-174
    where: Corrosion resistance section
  - environment: Peak-aged material in chloride service
    headline: Peak-aged material is more susceptible to stress corrosion cracking.
    effect: Jacquet says 17-4 is more susceptible to stress corrosion cracking at peak strength. Where chloride stress corrosion cracking is possible, the alloy should be precipitation hardened to the lowest hardness compatible with the use, by heat treating at the highest temperature that still gives the minimum properties.
    rating: unknown
    conditions:
      condition: H900 and other peak-aged conditions
      medium: chloride
    source: jacquet-174
    where: Corrosion resistance section (stress corrosion cracking at peak strength)
  - environment: Hardening temperature and stress corrosion cracking
    headline: Good stress corrosion resistance comes from hardening at 1025 F (552 C) or higher.
    effect: Carpenter says good resistance to stress corrosion cracking is gained by hardening at 1025 F (552 C) and higher, and that 17-4 SELECT withstood corrosive attack better than the 400 series hardenable stainless steels.
    rating: unknown
    conditions:
      temperature: 1025 F (552 C) and higher for aging
    source: carp-select
    where: Corrosion resistance text (stress corrosion cracking paragraph)
  - environment: Overaged condition and stress corrosion cracking
    headline: Overaging improves resistance to stress corrosion cracking.
    effect: Wikipedia says overaging, meaning aging beyond the peak strength condition, improves resistance to stress corrosion cracking.
    rating: unknown
    conditions:
      condition: overaged (beyond peak strength)
    source: wiki-174
    where: Introduction (overaging statement)
  - environment: Annealed (untempered martensite) material
    headline: Annealed material is more sensitive to hydrogen embrittlement and chloride cracking than aged material.
    effect: Jacquet says annealed 17-4 has untempered martensite, which may fail by unpredictable brittle fracture and is more sensitive to hydrogen embrittlement and chloride stress corrosion cracking than aged material.
    rating: unknown
    conditions:
      condition: Condition A (annealed)
    source: jacquet-174
    where: Corrosion resistance section (untempered martensite)
  - environment: Sour (NACE) service
    headline: H1150M and DH1150 are stocked for NACE service.
    effect: voestalpine says it stocks several conditions of 17-4, including H1150M and DH1150, for NACE service. The page gives no crack threshold data.
    rating: unknown
    conditions:
      condition: H1150M and DH1150 (double-aged)
    source: voest-174
    where: Product page (Stocking the following conditions; NACE service)
risks:
  hazards:
    - text: 'PubChem aggregated GHS for elemental nickel (Danger): H317 May cause an allergic skin reaction; H351 Suspected of causing cancer; H372 Causes damage to organs through prolonged or repeated exposure; H412 Harmful to aquatic life with long lasting effects. The record covers the element, not the 17-4 PH alloy.'
      ghs:
        - H317
        - H351
        - H372
        - H412
      source: pubchem-nickel
      where: Safety and Hazards, GHS Classification (aggregated statements)
    - text: 'PubChem GHS for elemental chromium (Danger): H317 May cause an allergic skin reaction; H319 Causes serious eye irritation; H334 May cause allergy or asthma symptoms or breathing difficulties if inhaled. PubChem reports that it does not meet GHS criteria in 50 percent of 2,404 reports.'
      ghs:
        - H317
        - H319
        - H334
      source: pubchem-chromium
      where: Safety and Hazards, GHS Classification (aggregated statements)
    - text: 'PubChem GHS for elemental copper (Warning): H400 Very toxic to aquatic life; H410 Very toxic to aquatic life with long lasting effects. PubChem reports that it does not meet GHS criteria in 52.5 percent of 3,463 reports.'
      ghs:
        - H400
        - H410
      source: pubchem-copper
      where: Safety and Hazards, GHS Classification (aggregated statements)
    - text: No safety data sheet for the 17-4 PH alloy was read in this run. The three PubChem records above cover the elements, not the finished alloy.
      ghs: []
      source: pubchem-nickel
      where: Not applicable (gap note)
  failure_risks:
    - mode: Stress corrosion cracking at peak strength
      trigger: Chloride or other corrosive exposure with H900 or other peak-aged material under tensile stress
      consequence: Brittle cracking in service; Jacquet says to age to the lowest hardness compatible with the use
      severity: high
      source: jacquet-174
      where: Corrosion resistance section
    - mode: Brittle fracture of material left in the annealed condition
      trigger: Service or fabrication in Condition A (annealed) without an aging treatment
      consequence: Untempered martensite may fail unpredictably and is more sensitive to hydrogen embrittlement and chloride cracking
      severity: high
      source: jacquet-174
      where: Corrosion resistance section; Heat treatment section
    - mode: Crevice and pitting corrosion in salt water
      trigger: Stagnant salt water, crevices, or sea coast atmosphere
      consequence: Crevice corrosion in stagnant salt water; slow light rusting and pitting in sea coast air
      severity: moderate
      source: wiki-174
      where: Introduction (crevice corrosion statement)
    - mode: Cracking during plasma torch cutting
      trigger: Plasma torch cutting of material in the as-annealed condition, especially plate thicker than about 1 inch (25.4 mm)
      consequence: Cracks that may propagate far into the base metal
      severity: moderate
      source: jacquet-174
      where: Cutting section
    - mode: Loss of strength from overaging
      trigger: Aging above the specified temperature or for too long
      consequence: The precipitation reaction passes peak strength, so strength and hardness fall
      severity: moderate
      source: jacquet-174
      where: Heat treatment section (precipitation hardening past peak strength)
  side_effects: []
  handling:
    - text: Do not put annealed (Condition A) material into service; age it to a specified H condition first.
      source: jacquet-174
      where: Corrosion resistance section; Heat treatment section
    - text: Choose the aging temperature for stress corrosion as well as strength. Hardening at 1025 F (552 C) or higher gives good stress corrosion resistance.
      source: carp-select
      where: Corrosion resistance section
    - text: Severe cold working should be done in the H1150 condition, and the part should be re-aged after cold forming.
      source: austral-174
      where: Fabrication section
    - text: Multipass welds must be solution annealed before aging; single-pass welds are precipitation hardened after welding.
      source: austral-174
      where: Weldability text
    - text: Oxyacetylene welding is not recommended because carbon pick-up can occur in the weld; use a 17-4PH type filler.
      source: steelforge-174
      where: Weldability section
    - text: Before plasma torch cutting, age the material at 1150 F (621 C) or higher to lower the cracking risk, then re-solution anneal and re-age after machining.
      source: jacquet-174
      where: Cutting section
    - text: Avoid protective atmospheres containing carbon or nitrogen during heat treatment; they can soften the surface.
      source: austral-174
      where: Heat treatment text
  mitigations:
    - text: For NACE sour service, use the H1150M or double-aged DH1150 conditions, which voestalpine stocks for that service.
      source: voest-174
      where: Product page (NACE service conditions)
    - text: Clean and passivate after fabrication, and remove scale, lubricants and drawing coatings, which Carpenter says matter for corrosion resistance.
      source: carp-select
      where: Corrosion resistance section
    - text: Overaging, meaning aging beyond the peak strength condition, improves resistance to stress corrosion cracking.
      source: wiki-174
      where: Introduction (overaging statement)
uses:
  - application: structures
    device: Aircraft and missile fittings
    example: Carpenter lists aircraft and missile fittings among the applications for 17-4 SELECT, a controlled-residual-stress variant of the UNS S17400 type.
    source: carp-select
    where: Applications list
  - application: mechanisms
    device: Bolts and fasteners
    example: Austral Wright lists high-strength bolting and fasteners in aerospace and chemical plant applications, and boat propeller shafts. Jacquet lists AMS 7474 bolts.
    source: austral-174
    where: Typical Applications text
  - application: propulsion-and-tanks
    device: Jet engine stator vanes
    example: Ulbrich lists jet engine stator vanes among the applications for its 17-4 PH wire, and Steelforge lists jet engine parts.
    source: ulbrich-wire
    where: Applications list
  - application: mechanisms
    device: Pump shafts, valve parts and rotors
    example: voestalpine lists valves, pump shafts and rotors as applications. Steelforge lists oil field valve parts, pump shafts and gears.
    source: voest-174
    where: Applications list
supply:
  - subject: Nickel production by country (world mine, 2025 estimate)
    abundance: World mine production 3,900,000 t in 2025 (estimated); world reserves more than 140,000,000 t, of which Indonesia 62,000,000 t (USGS 2026).
    producers:
      - country: Indonesia
        share_percent: 66.7
        year: 2025
        basis: 2,600,000 t of 3,900,000 t mine production, computed from printed tonnage
      - country: Philippines
        share_percent: 6.9
        year: 2025
        basis: 270,000 t of 3,900,000 t, computed
      - country: Russia
        share_percent: 5.1
        year: 2025
        basis: 200,000 t of 3,900,000 t, computed
      - country: New Caledonia
        share_percent: 3.6
        year: 2025
        basis: 140,000 t of 3,900,000 t, computed
      - country: Canada
        share_percent: 3.6
        year: 2025
        basis: 140,000 t of 3,900,000 t, computed
      - country: China
        share_percent: 3.1
        year: 2025
        basis: 120,000 t of 3,900,000 t, computed
    critical_lists: []
    recycling: Nickel recovered from scrap accounted for about 60% of US apparent consumption in 2025; most secondary nickel is stainless-steel scrap.
    substitutes:
      - Low-nickel, duplex or ultrahigh-chromium stainless steels replace austenitic grades in construction
      - Titanium alloys can substitute for nickel or nickel-base alloys in corrosive environments
    source: usgs-nickel-2026
    where: Salient Statistics; World Mine Production and Reserves; Recycling; Substitutes
  - subject: Nickel use in the United States
    abundance: Stainless and alloy steel and nickel-containing alloys typically account for more than 85% of domestic consumption. US net import reliance 41% of apparent consumption in 2025 (estimated).
    producers: []
    critical_lists: []
    recycling: Recycled nickel 60% of US apparent consumption in 2025.
    substitutes: []
    source: usgs-nickel-2026
    where: Domestic Production and Use; Salient Statistics (net import reliance)
  - subject: Chromium production by country (world mine, 2025 estimate)
    abundance: World mine production 51,000 thousand t gross weight in 2025 (estimated); world resources greater than 12 billion t of shipping-grade chromite, with 95% of chromium resources in Kazakhstan and southern Africa.
    producers:
      - country: South Africa
        share_percent: 45.1
        year: 2025
        basis: 23,000 of 51,000 thousand t gross weight, computed
      - country: Turkey
        share_percent: 17.6
        year: 2025
        basis: 9,000 of 51,000 thousand t, computed
      - country: Kazakhstan
        share_percent: 13.7
        year: 2025
        basis: 7,000 of 51,000 thousand t, computed
      - country: India
        share_percent: 5.9
        year: 2025
        basis: 3,000 of 51,000 thousand t, computed
      - country: Brazil
        share_percent: 3.9
        year: 2025
        basis: 2,000 of 51,000 thousand t, computed
      - country: Zimbabwe
        share_percent: 3.9
        year: 2025
        basis: 2,000 of 51,000 thousand t, computed
    critical_lists: []
    recycling: Recycled chromium in stainless-steel scrap receipts was 21% of US apparent consumption in 2025.
    substitutes:
      - Chromium has no substitute in stainless steel, the leading end use
    source: usgs-chromium-2026
    where: World Mine Production and Reserves; World Resources; Substitutes; Recycling
  - subject: Chromium import reliance
    abundance: US net import reliance 79% of apparent consumption in 2025 (estimated).
    producers: []
    critical_lists: []
    recycling: ''
    substitutes: []
    source: usgs-chromium-2026
    where: Salient Statistics (net import reliance)
  - subject: Copper production by country (world mine, 2025 estimate)
    abundance: World mine production 23,000 thousand t in 2025 (estimated); world reserves 980,000 thousand t (USGS 2026).
    producers:
      - country: Chile
        share_percent: 23
        year: 2025
        basis: 5,300 of 23,000 thousand t, computed
      - country: Congo (Kinshasa)
        share_percent: 13.9
        year: 2025
        basis: 3,200 of 23,000 thousand t, computed
      - country: Peru
        share_percent: 11.7
        year: 2025
        basis: 2,700 of 23,000 thousand t, computed
      - country: China
        share_percent: 7.8
        year: 2025
        basis: 1,800 of 23,000 thousand t, computed
      - country: Russia
        share_percent: 5.7
        year: 2025
        basis: 1,300 of 23,000 thousand t, computed
    critical_lists:
      - list: U.S. Final 2025 List of Critical Minerals (Federal Register, 7 November 2025)
        listed: true
    recycling: Old scrap converted to refined metal provided about 160,000 t of copper in 2025, and copper from scrap contributed about 30% of US supply.
    substitutes:
      - Aluminum substitutes for copper in electrical equipment and power cable; titanium and steel are used in heat exchangers
    source: usgs-copper-2026
    where: World Mine and Refinery Production; Recycling; Critical minerals text; Substitutes
  - subject: Copper use and import reliance in the United States
    abundance: US net import reliance 57% of apparent consumption in 2025 (estimated). Building construction takes 42% of copper and copper alloy products, electrical and electronic products 23%.
    producers: []
    critical_lists: []
    recycling: ''
    substitutes: []
    source: usgs-copper-2026
    where: Domestic Production and Use; Salient Statistics (net import reliance)
media: []
documents:
  - title: 'Jacquet Metal Service: Technical Sheet 17-4 PH (630), AMS 5604, AMS 5643, ASTM A564'
    type: datasheet
    url: https://usa.myjacquet.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/55/2025/08/Technical_Sheet_17-4_PH.pdf
    year: 2025
  - title: 'Carpenter Technology: 17-4 SELECT data sheet, UNS S17400 type'
    type: datasheet
    url: https://www.carpentertechnology.com/hubfs/Data%20Sheets/17-4%20Select.pdf
  - title: 'Carpenter Technology: Custom 630 (17-4) alloy card'
    type: datasheet
    url: https://www.carpentertechnology.com/hubfs/Alloy%20Cards/Custom_630_(17-4)_snapshot.pdf
    year: 2024
  - title: 'Austral Wright Metals: Product Data Sheet, Stainless Steel Alloy 17-4PH (UNS S17400)'
    type: datasheet
    url: https://www.australwright.com.au/technical-data/alloys/stainless-steel/stainless-steel-alloy-17-4ph/
  - title: 'United Performance Metals: Datasheet for 17-4 PH stainless steel (AMS 5604, 5643)'
    type: datasheet
    url: https://www.upmet.com/sites/default/files/datasheets/17-4-ph.pdf
    year: 2026
  - title: 'Ulbrich Stainless Steels: 17-4 PH UNS S17400 wire datasheet'
    type: datasheet
    url: https://ulbrich.com/uploads/data-sheets/Stainless-Steel-17-4PH-Wire-UNS-S17400-Wire.pdf
  - title: 'AircraftMaterials.com: Stainless Steel 17-4PH (AMS 5643) technical data sheet'
    type: datasheet
    url: https://aircraftmaterials.com/data/alstst/alstst/ams5643.html
  - title: 'voestalpine Specialty Metals UK: 17-4PH (UNS S17400) product page'
    type: datasheet
    url: https://www.voestalpine.com/specialtymetals/uk/en/17-4ph-uns-s17400/
  - title: 'USGS Mineral Commodity Summaries 2026: Nickel'
    type: report
    url: https://pubs.usgs.gov/periodicals/mcs2026/mcs2026-nickel.pdf
    year: 2026
  - title: 'USGS Mineral Commodity Summaries 2026: Chromium'
    type: report
    url: https://pubs.usgs.gov/periodicals/mcs2026/mcs2026-chromium.pdf
    year: 2026
  - title: 'USGS Mineral Commodity Summaries 2026: Copper'
    type: report
    url: https://pubs.usgs.gov/periodicals/mcs2026/mcs2026-copper.pdf
    year: 2026
  - title: 'PubChem: Nickel (CID 935), Safety and Hazards, GHS Classification'
    type: database
    url: https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/935
    year: 2026
  - title: 'PubChem: Chromium (CID 23976), Safety and Hazards, GHS Classification'
    type: database
    url: https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/23976
    year: 2026
  - title: 'PubChem: Copper (CID 23978), Safety and Hazards, GHS Classification'
    type: database
    url: https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/23978
    year: 2026
gaps:
  - No fracture toughness (K_IC) value and no Charpy value for H900 or H1150 in the wrought datasheets were read in this run. Charpy values are kept only for H1025 and H1150 (ASTM A564 bar minimums).
  - No fatigue strength, creep or elevated-temperature strength value was read.
  - The NACE MR0175 and ISO 15156 hardness limit for 17-4 PH (34 to 35 HRC) and the 2020 AMPP sour-gas cracking threshold (45 to 60 percent of SMYS) were seen only in search snippets. Neither page could be read, so neither value is in the file.
  - No NASA or ESA report on 17-4 PH was found in this run, so the uses come from supplier and Carpenter sources, not from a space qualification record.
  - The Carpenter Custom 630 full datasheet (ASM Alloy Digest SS-258) needs a login and was not read.
  - Atlas Steels, the AMPP store page, the DTIC AD0854108 report and the OSTI MR0175 page could not be fetched or were blocked, so they are not used. The Fagersta sheet was read but has no numeric values for this grade.
  - The hazard records are for the elements nickel, chromium and copper. No safety data sheet for the 17-4 PH alloy was read.
  - Nickel and chromium are not shown on a critical minerals list in the USGS text read. Copper is on the US 2025 list. The EU critical raw materials list was not read.
  - USGS shares are mine production only and are computed from printed tonnage. Refinery and smelting shares were not read.
  - 'Sources differ and each value keeps its own source: specific heat 419 J/kg.K (Carpenter) and 460 J/kg.K (Upmet); annealed CTE 11.3 (Jacquet) and 11.2 (Upmet); annealed hardness 36 HRC (Carpenter) and 33 HRC (Jacquet, not used).'
  - hardness_rockwell_c and charpy_impact_energy are not names in property-canon, so they are kept as snake_case names.
  - 'Elongation depends on product form: wire minimums are 5 to 8 percent and bar minimums are 10 to 16 percent. Each row names its form.'
  - Austral Wright electrical resistivity values have unclear units, so only the Jacquet values are used.
  - No fetched source gives a space environment for this alloy, so the environment tags are empty.
  - No DIN designation is printed on the stockist and manufacturer pages read in this run, so none is listed under identity.designations.
  - Left out of designations because they name other products, not this grade. These are AMS 5825 and AMS 5827 (welding filler metal), AWS E630 and ER630 (filler metal), CB-7Cu-1 (ASTM A747, which Austral Wright calls the cast equivalent, not the same grade), and Custom 630 (17-4) Project 70+ and 15Cr-5Ni (similar alloys in the Carpenter card).
sources:
  jacquet-174:
    title: 'Jacquet Metal Service: Technical Sheet 17-4 PH (630)'
    id: Technical_Sheet_17-4_PH
    url: https://usa.myjacquet.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/55/2025/08/Technical_Sheet_17-4_PH.pdf
    kind: datasheet
    year: 2025
    license: cited, not reproduced
  carp-select:
    title: 'Carpenter Technology: 17-4 SELECT data sheet'
    id: 17-4 SELECT
    url: https://www.carpentertechnology.com/hubfs/Data%20Sheets/17-4%20Select.pdf
    kind: datasheet
    license: cited, not reproduced
  carp-card:
    title: 'Carpenter Technology: Custom 630 (17-4) alloy card'
    id: Custom_630_(17-4)_snapshot
    url: https://www.carpentertechnology.com/hubfs/Alloy%20Cards/Custom_630_(17-4)_snapshot.pdf
    kind: datasheet
    year: 2024
    license: cited, not reproduced
  austral-174:
    title: 'Austral Wright Metals: Product Data Sheet, Stainless Steel Alloy 17-4PH'
    id: stainless-steel-alloy-17-4ph
    url: https://www.australwright.com.au/technical-data/alloys/stainless-steel/stainless-steel-alloy-17-4ph/
    kind: datasheet
    license: cited, not reproduced
  upmet-174:
    title: 'United Performance Metals: Datasheet for 17-4 PH stainless steel'
    id: 17-4-ph.pdf
    url: https://www.upmet.com/sites/default/files/datasheets/17-4-ph.pdf
    kind: datasheet
    year: 2026
    license: cited, not reproduced
  ulbrich-wire:
    title: 'Ulbrich Stainless Steels: 17-4 PH UNS S17400 wire datasheet'
    id: Stainless-Steel-17-4PH-Wire-UNS-S17400-Wire
    url: https://ulbrich.com/uploads/data-sheets/Stainless-Steel-17-4PH-Wire-UNS-S17400-Wire.pdf
    kind: datasheet
    license: cited, not reproduced
  ams5643-page:
    title: 'AircraftMaterials.com: Stainless Steel 17-4PH (AMS 5643) technical data sheet'
    id: ams5643
    url: https://aircraftmaterials.com/data/alstst/alstst/ams5643.html
    kind: datasheet
    license: cited, not reproduced
  voest-174:
    title: 'voestalpine Specialty Metals UK: 17-4PH (UNS S17400)'
    id: 17-4ph-uns-s17400
    url: https://www.voestalpine.com/specialtymetals/uk/en/17-4ph-uns-s17400/
    kind: datasheet
    license: cited, not reproduced
  steelforge-174:
    title: 'All Metals and Forge Group: Stainless Steel 17-4 PH report'
    id: stainless-steel-17-4-ph
    url: https://steelforge.com/stainless-steel-17-4-ph/
    kind: web
    license: cited, not reproduced
  wiki-174:
    title: 'Wikipedia: 17-4 stainless steel'
    id: 17-4 stainless steel
    url: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/17-4_stainless_steel
    kind: web
    license: CC BY-SA 4.0 (cited, not reproduced)
  usgs-nickel-2026:
    title: 'USGS Mineral Commodity Summaries 2026: Nickel'
    id: mcs2026-nickel
    url: https://pubs.usgs.gov/periodicals/mcs2026/mcs2026-nickel.pdf
    kind: report
    year: 2026
    license: public domain
  usgs-chromium-2026:
    title: 'USGS Mineral Commodity Summaries 2026: Chromium'
    id: mcs2026-chromium
    url: https://pubs.usgs.gov/periodicals/mcs2026/mcs2026-chromium.pdf
    kind: report
    year: 2026
    license: public domain
  usgs-copper-2026:
    title: 'USGS Mineral Commodity Summaries 2026: Copper'
    id: mcs2026-copper
    url: https://pubs.usgs.gov/periodicals/mcs2026/mcs2026-copper.pdf
    kind: report
    year: 2026
    license: public domain
  pubchem-nickel:
    title: 'PubChem: Nickel (CID 935), Safety and Hazards, GHS Classification'
    id: CID 935
    url: https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/935
    kind: database
    license: PubChem terms (public)
  pubchem-chromium:
    title: 'PubChem: Chromium (CID 23976), Safety and Hazards, GHS Classification'
    id: CID 23976
    url: https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/23976
    kind: database
    license: PubChem terms (public)
  pubchem-copper:
    title: 'PubChem: Copper (CID 23978), Safety and Hazards, GHS Classification'
    id: CID 23978
    url: https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/23978
    kind: database
    license: PubChem terms (public)
license: CC-BY-4.0
updated: '2026-10-24'
review:
  status: draft
  method: assistant
  checked_values: 58
  unreachable: 5
  caveats: 3
  note: 'Written by an AI assistant on 2026-10-24 from pages fetched in this run only. Strength values are kept with their own condition (H900, H1025, H1150, Condition A), form and basis (typical or minimum). Carpenter''s four-level corrosion scale is mapped as Excellent and Good to low, Moderate to moderate, Restricted to severe. Unreachable: Atlas Steels, AMPP store, DTIC, OSTI and the Boeing H900 page.'
story:
  recipe:
    line: 17-4 PH is an iron-based martensitic precipitation-hardening stainless steel, UNS S17400 (AISI 630), made to the composition limits in the identity record with iron as the balance. It is supplied in the annealed condition, after a high-temperature solution treatment. One aging step at 480 to 620 C (900 to 1150 F) precipitates a copper-based phase that gives the strength (Austral Wright; Jacquet). Product forms are bar, sheet, plate, wire and forgings.
    parts:
      - name: Iron
        symbol: Fe
        share_note: balance (the rest)
        role: Matrix of the alloy, martensitic when annealed.
      - name: Chromium
        symbol: Cr
        share_percent: 15
        share_high: 17.5
        role: Gives the passive film that resists rust; corrosion close to Type 304 in most media (Jacquet).
      - name: Nickel
        symbol: Ni
        share_percent: 3
        share_high: 5
        role: 'Part of the chromium-nickel-copper martensitic alloy (Carpenter: about 17 percent Cr and 4 percent Ni).'
      - name: Copper
        symbol: Cu
        share_percent: 3
        share_high: 5
        role: Forms a copper-based phase on aging, which gives the high strength (Austral Wright).
      - name: Niobium plus tantalum
        symbol: Nb+Ta
        share_percent: 0.15
        share_high: 0.45
        role: Columbium plus tantalum, a listed alloying addition (Jacquet; Carpenter).
      - name: Carbon
        symbol: C
        share_percent: 0
        share_high: 0.07
        limit: maximum
        role: Kept low; Carpenter gives a maximum of 0.070 percent.
      - name: Manganese
        symbol: Mn
        share_percent: 0
        share_high: 1
        limit: maximum
        role: Residual element, maximum 1.00 percent.
      - name: Silicon
        symbol: Si
        share_percent: 0
        share_high: 1
        limit: maximum
        role: Residual element, maximum 1.00 percent.
      - name: Phosphorus
        symbol: P
        share_percent: 0
        share_high: 0.04
        limit: maximum
        role: Impurity held low, maximum 0.040 percent.
      - name: Sulfur
        symbol: S
        share_percent: 0
        share_high: 0.03
        limit: maximum
        role: Impurity held low, maximum 0.030 percent.
  risk_groups:
    - title: For people
      level: 0
      verdict: No safety data sheet for the alloy was read
      lead: The PubChem records below cover elemental nickel, chromium and copper, not the finished 17-4 PH alloy.
      points:
        - label: Nickel
          line: PubChem lists elemental nickel as Danger, with H317 (skin sensitiser), H351 (suspected carcinogen) and H372 (organ damage on repeated exposure).
        - label: Chromium
          line: PubChem lists elemental chromium as Danger with H317, H319 and H334 in notifications that carry hazard codes.
        - label: Copper
          line: PubChem lists elemental copper as Warning, with H400 and H410 for aquatic life.
        - label: Workshop
          line: Check the supplier safety data sheet before cutting, grinding or welding this alloy.
    - title: In the environment
      level: 1
      verdict: Chloride and stagnant water are the watch points
      lead: Crevice corrosion and stress corrosion cracking are the main failure routes in service.
      points:
        - label: Sea water
          line: Carpenter rates sea water as Restricted for 17-4 SELECT. Austral Wright uses it in salt water as boat shafting only with cathodic protection.
        - label: Crevices
          line: Wikipedia says it is susceptible to crevice corrosion in stagnant salt water.
        - label: Sour service
          line: Carpenter rates sour oil and gas as Restricted. voestalpine stocks H1150M and DH1150 for NACE service.
    - title: Heat treatment and fabrication
      level: 1
      verdict: The aging temperature sets both strength and cracking risk
      lead: The highest strength comes from the H900 condition, which is also the most prone to stress corrosion cracking.
      points:
        - label: Peak aging
          line: Jacquet says 17-4 is more susceptible to stress corrosion cracking at peak strength, so the lowest hardness compatible with the use is preferred.
        - label: Annealed
          line: Untempered martensite in the annealed condition may fail unpredictably and is more sensitive to hydrogen embrittlement (Jacquet).
        - label: Torch cutting
          line: Plasma torch cutting of annealed plate can crack the metal, especially plate thicker than about 1 inch (Jacquet).
  why: 17-4 PH gives high strength from a simple one-step aging treatment, with corrosion resistance close to Type 304 in most media (Jacquet). Its weak point is that the highest strength comes with the greatest risk of stress corrosion cracking, so the aging condition is chosen for the environment as well as the load.
  uses:
    - where: Aircraft and missile fittings
      line: Carpenter lists aircraft and missile fittings for its 17-4 SELECT variant, and Steelforge lists forged aircraft fittings.
    - where: Bolts and fasteners
      line: Austral Wright lists high-strength bolting and fasteners in aerospace and chemical plant use, and Jacquet lists AMS 7474 bolts.
    - where: Jet engine and pump parts
      line: Ulbrich lists jet engine stator vanes, voestalpine lists pump shafts and rotors, and Steelforge lists valve parts and pump shafts.
    - where: Chemical, food and medical equipment
      line: Ulbrich lists chemical, petrochemical and food processing equipment and surgical instruments, and Wikipedia lists medical devices and firearms.
  can_do:
    - label: Strength
      benchmark: yield_strength
      line: Minimum yield is 1170 MPa in H900 and 725 MPa in H1150 for ASTM A564 bar (Austral Wright). Typical yield for cold-finished bar is 1262 MPa in H900 (Carpenter).
    - label: Stiffness
      benchmark: elastic_modulus
      line: Elastic modulus is 196 GPa in all conditions (Jacquet), and Austral Wright prints 200 to 201 GPa in tension.
    - label: Hardness
      benchmark: hardness_rockwell_c
      line: Typical hardness is 44 HRC in H900 and 33 HRC in H1150 for cold-finished bar (Carpenter). Minimum hardness is 40 HRC in H900 (Austral Wright).
    - label: Heat
      benchmark: max_service_temp
      line: High strength is kept to about 316 C (600 F) (Jacquet).
  compare: Jacquet says the corrosion resistance of 17-4 PH is comparable to Type 304 in most media and superior to the hardenable 400 series. Carpenter says its 17-4 SELECT variant approaches Type 304 in most corrodents and is better than the 400 series, while Carpenter's card calls the corrosion resistance moderate. Jacquet also says H900 gives the highest strength of this family, slightly below other precipitation-hardening grades that need more heat-treatment steps.
  compare_rows:
    - scope: material
      label: Yield strength
      benchmark: yield_strength
    - scope: material
      label: Elastic modulus
      benchmark: elastic_modulus
    - scope: material
      label: Melting range
      benchmark: melting_point
  handling:
    - Do not use annealed (Condition A) material in service. Age it to a specified H condition first (Jacquet).
    - Choose the aging temperature for stress corrosion as well as strength. Hardening at 1025 F (552 C) or higher gives good stress corrosion resistance (Carpenter).
    - Weld with matching filler and solution anneal multipass welds before aging (Austral Wright). Avoid oxyacetylene welding (Steelforge).
  good_for:
    - Fittings, fasteners and shafts where strength matters and exposure is mild, such as rural and mild industrial air (Austral Wright).
    - Parts that can be aged to H1150 or double-aged for NACE sour service (voestalpine).
  watch_out:
    - Peak-aged H900 material is most prone to stress corrosion cracking. Age higher when chloride or sour service is possible (Jacquet; Carpenter).
    - Crevice corrosion in stagnant salt water, and Restricted for sea water in Carpenter's table (Wikipedia; Carpenter).
    - Annealed material is brittle and should not be used. Plasma torch cutting can crack it (Jacquet).
  verdict: '17-4 PH is the strong, moderately corrosion-resistant choice when a one-step age can set the strength. The aging condition is the design decision: H900 gives the most strength and the most stress corrosion risk, and H1150 gives more toughness and margin. For sea water or sour service, choose an overaged or NACE-listed condition and check the data for that condition.'