spore: profile
id: pps
spore_version: 0.2
family: high-performance-polymers
name: Polyphenylene sulfide
abbreviation: PPS
role: high-temperature thermoplastic for moulded electrical, fluid-handling and automotive parts
category: polymers
type: high-performance
summary: |
  Polyphenylene sulfide (PPS) is a semicrystalline high-performance thermoplastic with the repeat unit [C6H4S]n. The unfilled Ensinger TECATRON natural has a density of 1.36 g/cm3 and a melting temperature of 536 °F, and a tensile strength at yield of 13700 psi. The 40 % glass-filled grades read are stiffer and hotter: Celanese Fortron 1140L4 has a melting temperature of 280 °C (ISO 11357-3) and a deflection temperature of 265 °C at 1.8 MPa (ASTM D648), and Syensqo Ryton R-4-200BL has a density of 1.68 g/cm3 and the same 265 °C deflection temperature. A Gund Company outgassing table lists Ryton PPS at 0.09 % total mass loss and 0.00 % CVCM. No atomic-oxygen erosion yield for PPS was found in the NASA sources read.
best_for: 'Glass-filled moulded parts that run hot and must stay stiff: 40 % glass grades with a 265 °C deflection temperature at 1.8 MPa (ASTM D648)'
weakest_at: 'Ductility: elongation at break is 1.5 % to 2.5 % in the grades read, and no PPS atomic-oxygen erosion yield was found'
identity:
  formula: '[C6H4S]n, repeat unit of poly(p-phenylene sulfide), made from sodium sulfide and 1,4-dichlorobenzene'
  cas: 26125-40-6
  source: mcam-techtron-sds
  where: Section 3 Composition, row Polyphenylene Sulfide, CAS No. 26125-40-6 (product SDS for Techtron HPV PPS); repeat unit from the Wikipedia Production section
  designations:
    - system: Trade name
      code: Ryton
      source: wikipedia-pps
      where: Manufacturers and trade names section, Ryton, Solvay Specialty Polymers
    - system: Trade name
      code: Fortron
      source: wikipedia-pps
      where: Manufacturers and trade names section, Fortron, Ticona
    - system: Trade name
      code: DURAFIDE
      source: wikipedia-pps
      where: Manufacturers and trade names section, DURAFIDE, Polyplastics
    - system: Trade name
      code: TECATRON
      source: ensinger-tecatron-natural
      where: Product name in the page heading, TECATRON PPS natural
tags:
  environments: []
  stresses:
    - vacuum-and-outgassing
    - extreme-heat
  applications:
    - electronics-and-chips
    - mechanisms
properties:
  - benchmark: density
    label: Density, TECATRON natural (unfilled PPS)
    value: 1.36
    unit: g/cm3
    scope: material
    conditions:
      grade: TECATRON natural, unfilled
      test: not printed on the page
    method: Value listed on the manufacturer product page
    status: ground
    source: ensinger-tecatron-natural
    where: Facts block, Density row
  - benchmark: melting_point
    label: Melting temperature, TECATRON natural (unfilled PPS)
    value: 536
    unit: °F
    scope: material
    conditions:
      grade: TECATRON natural, unfilled
      norm: not printed on the page
    method: Value listed in the manufacturer thermal properties table
    status: ground
    source: ensinger-tecatron-natural
    where: Thermal properties table, Melting temperature row
  - benchmark: heat_deflection_temperature
    label: Deflection temperature at 66 psi, TECATRON natural
    value: 400
    unit: °F
    scope: material
    conditions:
      grade: TECATRON natural, unfilled
      load: 66 psi
    method: ASTM D 648, as printed
    status: ground
    source: ensinger-tecatron-natural
    where: Thermal properties table, Deflection temperature row, @ 66 psi
  - benchmark: heat_deflection_temperature
    label: Deflection temperature at 264 psi, TECATRON natural
    value: 220
    unit: °F
    scope: material
    conditions:
      grade: TECATRON natural, unfilled
      load: 264 psi
    method: ASTM D 648, as printed
    status: ground
    source: ensinger-tecatron-natural
    where: Thermal properties table, Deflection temperature row, @264 psi
  - benchmark: max_service_temp
    label: Service temperature, long term, TECATRON natural
    value: 338
    unit: °F
    scope: material
    conditions:
      grade: TECATRON natural, unfilled
      duration: long term
    method: Value listed in the manufacturer thermal properties table
    status: ground
    source: ensinger-tecatron-natural
    where: Thermal properties table, Service temperature row, Long Term
  - benchmark: yield_strength
    label: Tensile strength at yield, TECATRON natural
    value: 13700
    unit: psi
    scope: material
    conditions:
      grade: TECATRON natural, unfilled
      temperature: 73 °F
    method: ASTM D 638, as printed
    status: ground
    source: ensinger-tecatron-natural
    where: Mechanical properties table, Tensile strength at yield row
  - benchmark: elastic_modulus
    label: Modulus of elasticity, tensile test, TECATRON natural
    value: 836700
    unit: psi
    scope: material
    conditions:
      grade: TECATRON natural, unfilled
      temperature: 73 °F
    method: ASTM D 638, as printed
    status: ground
    source: ensinger-tecatron-natural
    where: Mechanical properties table, Modulus of elasticity (tensile test) row
  - benchmark: elongation
    label: Elongation at break, TECATRON natural
    value: 2.5
    unit: '%'
    scope: material
    conditions:
      grade: TECATRON natural, unfilled
      temperature: 73 °F
    method: ASTM D 638, as printed
    status: ground
    source: ensinger-tecatron-natural
    where: Mechanical properties table, Elongation at break (tensile test) row
  - benchmark: flexural_strength
    label: Flexural strength, TECATRON natural
    value: 20400
    unit: psi
    scope: material
    conditions:
      grade: TECATRON natural, unfilled
      temperature: 73 °F
    method: ASTM D 790, as printed
    status: ground
    source: ensinger-tecatron-natural
    where: Mechanical properties table, Flexural strength row
  - benchmark: flexural_modulus
    label: Modulus of elasticity, flexural test, TECATRON natural
    value: 631100
    unit: psi
    scope: material
    conditions:
      grade: TECATRON natural, unfilled
      temperature: 73 °F
    method: ASTM D 790, as printed
    status: ground
    source: ensinger-tecatron-natural
    where: Mechanical properties table, Modulus of elasticity (flexural test) row
  - benchmark: moisture_absorption
    label: Moisture absorption, TECATRON natural
    value: 0.01
    unit: '%'
    scope: material
    conditions:
      grade: TECATRON natural, unfilled
      time: 24 hours
      temperature: 73 °F
    method: ASTM D 570, as printed
    status: ground
    source: ensinger-tecatron-natural
    where: Other properties table, Moisture absorption row
  - benchmark: dielectric_constant
    label: Dielectric constant at 1 kHz, TECATRON natural
    value: 3
    unit: '-'
    scope: material
    conditions:
      grade: TECATRON natural, unfilled
      frequency: 1 kHz
      temperature: 73 °F, 50 % RH
    method: ASTM D 150, as printed
    status: ground
    source: ensinger-tecatron-natural
    where: Electrical properties table, Dielectric constant row
  - benchmark: dielectric_strength
    label: Dielectric strength, TECATRON natural
    value: 450
    unit: V/mil
    scope: material
    conditions:
      grade: TECATRON natural, unfilled
    method: ASTM D 149, as printed
    status: ground
    source: ensinger-tecatron-natural
    where: Electrical properties table, Dielectric strength row
  - benchmark: density
    label: Density, Fortron 1140L4 (40 % glass fibre)
    value: 1.65
    unit: g/cm3
    scope: material
    conditions:
      grade: Fortron 1140L4, 40 % glass fibre
      test_standard: ISO 1183
    method: Nominal value printed in the technical data sheet
    status: ground
    source: fortron-1140l4
    where: Physical table, Density / Specific Gravity row, ISO 1183
  - benchmark: glass_transition_temperature
    label: Glass transition temperature, Fortron 1140L4
    value: 90
    unit: °C
    scope: material
    conditions:
      grade: Fortron 1140L4, 40 % glass fibre
      test_standard: ISO 11357-2
    method: Nominal value printed in the technical data sheet
    status: ground
    source: fortron-1140l4
    where: Thermal table, Glass Transition Temperature row
  - benchmark: melting_point
    label: Melting temperature, Fortron 1140L4
    value: 280
    unit: °C
    scope: material
    conditions:
      grade: Fortron 1140L4, 40 % glass fibre
      test_standard: ISO 11357-3
    method: Nominal value printed in the technical data sheet
    status: ground
    source: fortron-1140l4
    where: Thermal table, Melting Temperature row
  - benchmark: heat_deflection_temperature
    label: Deflection temperature under load, Fortron 1140L4, 0.45 MPa
    value: 280
    unit: °C
    scope: material
    conditions:
      grade: Fortron 1140L4, 40 % glass fibre
      load: 66 psi (0.45 MPa), unannealed
      test_standard: ASTM D648
    method: Nominal value printed in the technical data sheet
    status: ground
    source: fortron-1140l4
    where: Thermal table, Deflection Temperature Under Load, 66 psi (0.45 MPa) Unannealed row
  - benchmark: heat_deflection_temperature
    label: Deflection temperature under load, Fortron 1140L4, 1.8 MPa
    value: 265
    unit: °C
    scope: material
    conditions:
      grade: Fortron 1140L4, 40 % glass fibre
      load: 264 psi (1.8 MPa), unannealed
      test_standard: ASTM D648
    method: Nominal value printed in the technical data sheet
    status: ground
    source: fortron-1140l4
    where: Thermal table, Deflection Temperature Under Load, 264 psi (1.8 MPa) Unannealed row, ASTM D648
  - benchmark: ultimate_tensile_strength
    label: Tensile strength at break, Fortron 1140L4
    value: 200
    unit: MPa
    scope: material
    conditions:
      grade: Fortron 1140L4, 40 % glass fibre
      temperature: 73 °F (23 °C)
      test_standard: ASTM D638
    method: Nominal value printed in the technical data sheet
    status: ground
    source: fortron-1140l4
    where: Mechanical table, Tensile Strength, Break 73 °F (23 °C), ASTM D638 row
  - benchmark: elongation
    label: Elongation at break, Fortron 1140L4
    value: 1.7
    unit: '%'
    scope: material
    conditions:
      grade: Fortron 1140L4, 40 % glass fibre
      temperature: 73 °F (23 °C)
      test_standard: ASTM D638
    method: Nominal value printed in the technical data sheet
    status: ground
    source: fortron-1140l4
    where: Mechanical table, Tensile Elongation, Break 73 °F (23 °C), ASTM D638 row
  - benchmark: elastic_modulus
    label: Tensile modulus at 200 °C, Fortron 1140L4
    value: 3240
    unit: MPa
    scope: material
    conditions:
      grade: Fortron 1140L4, 40 % glass fibre
      temperature: 392 °F (200 °C)
      test_standard: ASTM D638
    method: Nominal value printed in the technical data sheet
    status: ground
    source: fortron-1140l4
    where: Mechanical table, Tensile Modulus, 392 °F (200 °C) row
  - benchmark: flexural_modulus
    label: Flexural modulus, Fortron 1140L4
    value: 14500
    unit: MPa
    scope: material
    conditions:
      grade: Fortron 1140L4, 40 % glass fibre
      temperature: 73 °F (23 °C)
      test_standard: ISO 178
    method: Nominal value printed in the technical data sheet
    status: ground
    source: fortron-1140l4
    where: Mechanical table, Flexural Modulus row, ISO 178
  - benchmark: flexural_strength
    label: Flexural stress, Fortron 1140L4
    value: 285
    unit: MPa
    scope: material
    conditions:
      grade: Fortron 1140L4, 40 % glass fibre
      test_standard: ISO 178
    method: Nominal value printed in the technical data sheet; the footnote marker on the row was not read
    status: ground
    source: fortron-1140l4
    where: Mechanical table, Flexural Stress row, ISO 178
  - benchmark: cte
    label: Coefficient of linear thermal expansion, flow direction, Fortron 1140L4
    value: 0.000026
    unit: cm/cm/°C
    scope: material
    conditions:
      grade: Fortron 1140L4, 40 % glass fibre
      direction: flow
      test_standard: ISO 11359-2
    method: Nominal value printed in the technical data sheet
    status: ground
    source: fortron-1140l4
    where: Thermal table, CLTE, Flow row, ISO 11359-2
  - benchmark: moisture_absorption
    label: Water absorption at saturation, Fortron 1140L4
    value: 0.02
    unit: '%'
    scope: material
    conditions:
      grade: Fortron 1140L4, 40 % glass fibre
      temperature: 73 °F (23 °C), saturation
      test_standard: ISO 62
    method: Nominal value printed in the technical data sheet
    status: ground
    source: fortron-1140l4
    where: Physical table, Water Absorption (Saturation, 73 °F (23 °C)) row, ISO 62
  - benchmark: dielectric_constant
    label: Dielectric constant at 1 kHz, Fortron 1140L4
    value: 3.5
    unit: '-'
    scope: material
    conditions:
      grade: Fortron 1140L4, 40 % glass fibre
      frequency: 1 kHz
      test_standard: ASTM D150
    method: Nominal value printed in the technical data sheet
    status: ground
    source: fortron-1140l4
    where: Electrical table, Dielectric Constant, 1 kHz row, ASTM D150
  - benchmark: dissipation_factor
    label: Dissipation factor at 1 kHz, Fortron 1140L4
    value: 0.001
    unit: '-'
    scope: material
    conditions:
      grade: Fortron 1140L4, 40 % glass fibre
      frequency: 1 kHz
      test_standard: ASTM D150
    method: Nominal value printed in the technical data sheet
    status: ground
    source: fortron-1140l4
    where: Electrical table, Dissipation Factor, 1 kHz row, ASTM D150
  - benchmark: dielectric_strength
    label: Electric strength, Fortron 1140L4
    value: 28
    unit: kV/mm
    scope: material
    conditions:
      grade: Fortron 1140L4, 40 % glass fibre
      test_standard: IEC 60243-1
    method: Nominal value printed in the technical data sheet
    status: ground
    source: fortron-1140l4
    where: Electrical table, Electric Strength row, IEC 60243-1
  - benchmark: density
    label: Density, Ryton R-4-200BL (40 % glass fibre)
    value: 1.68
    unit: g/cm3
    scope: material
    conditions:
      grade: Ryton R-4-200BL, 40 % glass fibre
      test_standard: ASTM D792
    method: Typical value printed on the technical data sheet
    status: ground
    source: ryton-r4-200bl
    where: Physical block, Density / Specific Gravity row
  - benchmark: heat_deflection_temperature
    label: Deflection temperature under load, Ryton R-4-200BL, 1.8 MPa
    value: 265
    unit: °C
    scope: material
    conditions:
      grade: Ryton R-4-200BL, 40 % glass fibre
      load: 1.8 MPa, unannealed
      test_standard: ASTM D648
    method: Typical value printed on the technical data sheet
    status: ground
    source: ryton-r4-200bl
    where: Thermal block, Deflection Temperature Under Load, 1.8 MPa Unannealed row
  - benchmark: ultimate_tensile_strength
    label: Tensile strength, Ryton R-4-200BL
    value: 179
    unit: MPa
    scope: material
    conditions:
      grade: Ryton R-4-200BL, 40 % glass fibre
      test_standard: ASTM D638
    method: Typical value printed on the technical data sheet; row label not printed
    status: ground
    source: ryton-r4-200bl
    where: Mechanical block, Tensile Strength row, ASTM D638
  - benchmark: elongation
    label: Tensile elongation at break, Ryton R-4-200BL
    value: 1.5
    unit: '%'
    scope: material
    conditions:
      grade: Ryton R-4-200BL, 40 % glass fibre
      test_standard: ASTM D638
    method: Typical value printed on the technical data sheet
    status: ground
    source: ryton-r4-200bl
    where: Mechanical block, Tensile Elongation (Break) row, ASTM D638
  - benchmark: flexural_modulus
    label: Flexural modulus, Ryton R-4-200BL
    value: 14500
    unit: MPa
    scope: material
    conditions:
      grade: Ryton R-4-200BL, 40 % glass fibre
      test_standard: ASTM D790
    method: Typical value printed on the technical data sheet
    status: ground
    source: ryton-r4-200bl
    where: Mechanical block, Flexural Modulus row, ASTM D790
  - benchmark: flexural_strength
    label: Flexural strength, Ryton R-4-200BL
    value: 255
    unit: MPa
    scope: material
    conditions:
      grade: Ryton R-4-200BL, 40 % glass fibre
      test_standard: ASTM D790
    method: Typical value printed on the technical data sheet
    status: ground
    source: ryton-r4-200bl
    where: Mechanical block, Flexural Strength row, ASTM D790
  - benchmark: notched_izod_impact
    label: Notched Izod impact strength, Ryton R-4-200BL, 3.18 mm
    value: 80
    unit: J/m
    scope: material
    conditions:
      grade: Ryton R-4-200BL, 40 % glass fibre
      thickness: 3.18 mm
      test_standard: ASTM D256
    method: Typical value printed on the technical data sheet
    status: ground
    source: ryton-r4-200bl
    where: Impact block, Notched Izod Impact row, 3.18 mm, ASTM D256
  - benchmark: cte
    label: Coefficient of linear thermal expansion, flow direction, -50 to 50 °C, Ryton R-4-200BL
    value: 0.000015
    unit: cm/cm/°C
    scope: material
    conditions:
      grade: Ryton R-4-200BL, 40 % glass fibre
      direction: flow
      range: '-50 to 50 °C'
      test_standard: ASTM E831
    method: Typical value printed on the technical data sheet
    status: ground
    source: ryton-r4-200bl
    where: Thermal block, CLTE, Flow row for -50 to 50°C, ASTM E831
  - benchmark: dielectric_strength
    label: Dielectric strength, Ryton R-4-200BL
    value: 22
    unit: kV/mm
    scope: material
    conditions:
      grade: Ryton R-4-200BL, 40 % glass fibre
      test_standard: ASTM D149
    method: Typical value printed on the technical data sheet
    status: ground
    source: ryton-r4-200bl
    where: Electrical block, Dielectric Strength row, ASTM D149
  - benchmark: dielectric_constant
    label: Dielectric constant at 25 °C and 1 kHz, Ryton R-4-200BL
    value: 3.9
    unit: '-'
    scope: material
    conditions:
      grade: Ryton R-4-200BL, 40 % glass fibre
      temperature: 25 °C, 1 kHz
      test_standard: ASTM D150
    method: Typical value printed on the technical data sheet
    status: ground
    source: ryton-r4-200bl
    where: Electrical block, Dielectric Constant, 25°C 1 kHz row, ASTM D150
  - benchmark: moisture_absorption
    label: Water absorption, 24 hours at 23 °C, Ryton R-4-200BL
    value: 0.02
    unit: '%'
    scope: material
    conditions:
      grade: Ryton R-4-200BL, 40 % glass fibre
      time: 24 hr, 23 °C
      test_standard: ASTM D570
    method: Typical value printed on the technical data sheet
    status: ground
    source: ryton-r4-200bl
    where: Physical block, Water Absorption (24 hr, 23°C) row, ASTM D570
  - benchmark: oxygen_index
    label: Oxygen index, Ryton R-4-200BL
    value: 57
    unit: '%'
    scope: material
    conditions:
      grade: Ryton R-4-200BL, 40 % glass fibre
      test_standard: ASTM D2863
    method: Typical value printed on the technical data sheet
    status: ground
    source: ryton-r4-200bl
    where: Flammability block, Oxygen Index row, ASTM D2863
  - benchmark: total_mass_loss
    label: Total mass loss (TML), Ryton (PPS) outgassing
    value: 0.09
    unit: '%'
    scope: material
    conditions:
      product: Ryton (PPS), grade not printed
      data_reference: GSC21579
      test_standard: ASTM E595, as named in the bulletin text
    method: Value from the outgassing table of a supplier technical bulletin, citing NASA data
    status: ground
    source: gund-outgassing
    where: Outgassing table, Polyphenylene Sulfide (PPS) row for Ryton, TML % column
  - benchmark: collected_volatile_condensable_materials
    label: Collected volatile condensable materials (CVCM), Ryton (PPS) outgassing
    value: 0
    unit: '%'
    scope: material
    conditions:
      product: Ryton (PPS), grade not printed
      data_reference: GSC21579
      test_standard: ASTM E595, as named in the bulletin text
    method: Value from the outgassing table of a supplier technical bulletin, citing NASA data
    status: ground
    source: gund-outgassing
    where: Outgassing table, Polyphenylene Sulfide (PPS) row for Ryton, CVCM % column
  - benchmark: water_vapor_regained
    label: Water vapor regained (WVR), Ryton (PPS) outgassing
    value: 0.01
    unit: '%'
    scope: material
    conditions:
      product: Ryton (PPS), grade not printed
      data_reference: GSC21579
    method: Value from the outgassing table of a supplier technical bulletin, citing NASA data
    status: ground
    source: gund-outgassing
    where: Outgassing table, Polyphenylene Sulfide (PPS) row for Ryton, WVR % column
corrosion:
  - environment: Chemical exposure at room temperature
    headline: PPS is described as having very good chemical resistance, and the 40 % glass grade as having excellent chemical resistance.
    effect: Ensinger lists very good chemical resistance among the main features of TECATRON natural. Celanese states that Fortron 1140L4 has excellent heat and chemical resistance and is used for automotive heaters, pumps, valves and fuel rails. No solvent, acid or base test with a number was read.
    conditions:
      basis: manufacturer product descriptions, no test condition printed
    source: ensinger-tecatron-natural
    where: Main Features list
    rating: unknown
  - environment: Long-term heat in service
    headline: Ensinger gives a long-term service temperature of 338 °F and an intermittent limit of 500 °F for TECATRON natural.
    effect: The 338 °F long-term figure and the 500 °F intermittent figure are both printed in the thermal properties table. The sheet gives no test standard for these rows.
    conditions:
      basis: manufacturer nominal values, unfilled grade for the service temperature
    source: ensinger-tecatron-natural
    where: Thermal properties table, Service temperature rows
    rating: unknown
  - environment: Heat in the form of prolonged exposure above 698 °F
    headline: Prolonged exposure above 698 °F causes thermal decomposition.
    effect: The product SDS says to avoid prolonged exposure above 698 °F, and that heating gives gaseous decomposition products, some of which are hazardous.
    conditions:
      basis: product SDS statement for Techtron HPV PPS
    source: mcam-techtron-sds
    where: Section 10, Conditions to Avoid
    rating: unknown
risks:
  hazards:
    - text: GHS classification, signal word, pictograms and hazard statements for Techtron HPV PPS are all printed as None.
      ghs: []
      source: mcam-techtron-sds
      where: Section 2, GHS Classifications
    - text: Dust is flammable and explosive when finely divided and suspended in air. Hazardous gases in fire are hydrogen fluoride, carbon oxides, sulfur oxides and carbonyl sulfide.
      ghs: []
      source: mcam-techtron-sds
      where: Section 5, Fire-Fighting Measures, and Section 7, Precautions for Safe Handling
  failure_risks:
    - mode: Thermal decomposition on prolonged heating
      trigger: Prolonged exposure above 698 °F
      consequence: Gaseous decomposition products, including carbon oxides, sulfur oxides, carbonyl sulfide and fluorine-containing gases.
      severity: moderate
      source: mcam-techtron-sds
      where: Section 10, Conditions to Avoid and Hazardous Decomposition Products
  side_effects: []
  handling:
    - text: Ground all transfer, blending and dust collection equipment, and follow NFPA 484 and NFPA 654 for combustible dust. Use local exhaust ventilation where dust may form.
      source: mcam-techtron-sds
  mitigations: []
uses:
  - application: electronics-and-chips
    device: Electrical components
    example: Bobbins, lamp housings and brush holders, as listed for Fortron 1140L4 (40 % glass fibre grade).
    source: fortron-1140l4
    where: Product Description
  - application: mechanisms
    device: Fluid-handling components
    example: Automotive heaters, pumps, valves, fuel rails and microwave oven rings, as listed for Fortron 1140L4.
    source: fortron-1140l4
    where: Product Description
supply:
  - subject: Polyphenylene sulfide, producers
    demand: No tonnage or demand figure was read for PPS in this run.
    routes: Polymerised from sodium sulfide and 1,4-dichlorobenzene in N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone as the reaction solvent.
    producers: []
    abundance: 'Producers named in the source (no country shares given): China Lumena New Materials; Solvay; Kureha; HDC Polyall; Celanese; DIC Corporation; Toray Industries; Zhejiang NHU Special Materials; SABIC; Tosoh.'
    critical_lists: []
    substitutes: []
    source: wikipedia-pps
    where: Production section, reaction equation and solvent; Manufacturers and trade names section, list of major industry players
documents:
  - title: Celanese Fortron 1140L4 technical data sheet, UL Prospector copy (TDS-239-en)
    type: datasheet
    url: https://protolabs.com/media/1t4hwpu5/fortron_pps-1140l4.pdf
    year: 2016
  - title: Syensqo Ryton R-4-200BL technical data sheet, UL Prospector copy (TDS-41602-en)
    type: datasheet
    url: https://protolabs.com/media/asnjuvia/ryton-r-4-200bl.pdf
    year: 2020
  - title: 'Gund Company, Outgassing: Selecting Spacecraft Materials (technical bulletin)'
    type: report
    url: https://thegundcompany.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/06/OUTGASSING-Selecting-Spacecraft-Materials-by-The-Gund-Co.pdf
    year: 2024
  - title: Mitsubishi Chemical Advanced Materials, Safety Data Sheet, Techtron HPV PPS (SDS-1701)
    type: sds
    url: https://www.mcam.com/mam/53712/MCAM-TECHTRON-HPV-EN-SDS-1701-241029.pdf
    year: 2024
gaps:
  - 'Atomic oxygen erosion yield for PPS: not found. The NASA-HDBK-6024 text read has no polyphenylene sulfide row, and the NASA TM read did not list PPS.'
  - 'Outgassing from a PPS datasheet or NASA database entry: only the Gund bulletin row for Ryton was read. The NASA outgassing database was not reached.'
  - 'Melting point of the Ryton R-4-200BL sheet: the sheet prints no melting point, and the Syensqo melting value was not read.'
  - Techtron HPV SDS prints a melting point of 545-572 °F and a specific gravity of 1.43. Neither is used here because the SDS is for a fibre-reinforced product and not a datasheet value.
  - 'Torelina A900 (Toray): a search snippet gave density, melting temperature and tensile strength, but the page could not be fetched, so none of its values are used. The Toray A670 R63 PlaBase page is an elastomer-modified grade and is not used.'
  - Ensinger notched Izod row prints its unit as "ftlbsin", which is not a unit that can be checked, so the value is left out.
  - Ensinger density and melting temperature rows print no test standard. The melting row has no norm either.
  - 'Chemical resistance by solvent, acid or base with numbers: not found in the sources read. Qualitative statements only.'
  - 'UV and sunlight ageing of PPS: no retention figure was read.'
  - 'Radiation, thermal cycling and cryogenic data for PPS in space: none read.'
  - 'Producer tonnages and country shares for PPS: not found. The producer list comes from a Wikipedia page with no figures.'
  - 'Standard designations (UNS, EN, DIN, JIS, AISI, ASTM) for PPS as a material: none printed in the sources read. Only trade names are listed.'
  - 'Non-canonical property names used: notched_izod_impact, oxygen_index, total_mass_loss, collected_volatile_condensable_materials, water_vapor_regained. Molding shrinkage (flow 0.20 to 0.30 %, Fortron 1140L4, ASTM D955) is not included because the name is not in the canon file.'
  - Fortron 1140L4 tensile modulus at 23 °C (ISO 527-2, 14700 MPa) is in the sheet, but the sheet gives no temperature for that row, so it is not used.
  - 'Volume resistivity of 1.0E+16 ohm·cm (Fortron 1140L4, ASTM D257 row; Ryton R-4-200BL, ASTM D257 row) is left out: the sheets print 1.0E+16 and the value could not be matched to the source text by verify-values.'
sources:
  fortron-1140l4:
    title: Fortron 1140L4, Celanese Corporation, technical data sheet (UL Prospector copy, TDS-239-en)
    id: Form No. TDS-239-en, last updated 11/2/2016
    url: https://protolabs.com/media/1t4hwpu5/fortron_pps-1140l4.pdf
    year: 2016
    kind: datasheet
    license: manufacturer data sheet, linked not reproduced
  ryton-r4-200bl:
    title: Ryton R-4-200BL, Syensqo technical data sheet (UL Prospector copy, TDS-41602-en)
    id: Form No. TDS-41602-en, last updated 12/21/2020
    url: https://protolabs.com/media/asnjuvia/ryton-r-4-200bl.pdf
    year: 2020
    kind: datasheet
    license: manufacturer data sheet, linked not reproduced
  ensinger-tecatron-natural:
    title: TECATRON natural (PPS), Ensinger product page, mechanical, thermal, electrical and other properties
    id: Product page, tables under Technical details
    url: https://www.ensingerplastics.com/en-us/shapes/products/tecatron-natural
    year: 2026
    kind: datasheet
    license: manufacturer web page, linked not reproduced
  gund-outgassing:
    title: 'Outgassing: Selecting Spacecraft Materials, The Gund Company technical bulletin'
    id: Table of thermoplastics, Polyphenylene Sulfide (PPS) row for Ryton
    url: https://thegundcompany.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/06/OUTGASSING-Selecting-Spacecraft-Materials-by-The-Gund-Co.pdf
    year: 2024
    kind: report
    license: supplier technical bulletin, linked not reproduced
  mcam-techtron-sds:
    title: Mitsubishi Chemical Advanced Materials, Safety Data Sheet, Techtron HPV PPS
    id: SDS-1701, issue 1 June 2015, revised 29 October 2024
    url: https://www.mcam.com/mam/53712/MCAM-TECHTRON-HPV-EN-SDS-1701-241029.pdf
    year: 2024
    kind: datasheet
    license: supplier SDS, linked not reproduced
  wikipedia-pps:
    title: Polyphenylene sulfide, Wikipedia
    id: Polyphenylene sulfide article, Production and Manufacturers and trade names sections
    url: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polyphenylene_sulfide
    kind: web
    license: CC BY-SA 4.0, linked not reproduced
  nist-atomic-weights-c:
    title: NIST Atomic Weights and Isotopic Compositions, carbon
    id: 'Standard atomic weight C: [12.0096, 12.0116]'
    url: https://physics.nist.gov/cgi-bin/Compositions/stand_alone.pl?ele=C&all=all&ascii=html
    kind: database
    license: US government data
  nist-atomic-weights-h:
    title: NIST Atomic Weights and Isotopic Compositions, hydrogen
    id: 'Standard atomic weight H: [1.007 84, 1.008 11]'
    url: https://physics.nist.gov/cgi-bin/Compositions/stand_alone.pl?ele=H&all=all&ascii=html
    kind: database
    license: US government data
  nist-atomic-weights-s:
    title: NIST Atomic Weights and Isotopic Compositions, sulfur
    id: 'Standard atomic weight S: [32.059, 32.076]'
    url: https://physics.nist.gov/cgi-bin/Compositions/stand_alone.pl?ele=S&all=all&ascii=html
    kind: database
    license: US government data
license: CC-BY-4.0
updated: '2026-10-25'
review:
  status: draft
  method: assistant
  checked_values: 46
  unreachable: 4
  caveats: 5
  note: 'Values were read by an AI assistant on 2026-10-25 from the pages named in each entry. Celanese and Syensqo values are from UL Prospector copies of their technical data sheets, not the manufacturer sites. The Ryton row values are typical, and no test standard is printed for some rows. The Ensinger values are for an unfilled grade. The outgassing values come from a supplier bulletin that cites NASA data and carries a misprinted test temperature, which is not copied here. Unreachable: Knowde (Toray Torelina A900), PubChem, Ensinger datasheet PDF, Celanese own site.'
story:
  recipe:
    line: PPS is made by reacting sodium sulfide with 1,4-dichlorobenzene in N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone as the solvent. The repeat unit is [C6H4S]n, a benzene ring with a sulfur link between each ring.
    parts:
      - name: Carbon
        symbol: C
        role: Six carbons in each benzene ring, from 1,4-dichlorobenzene.
        share_note: standard atomic weight [12.0096, 12.0116]
      - name: Hydrogen
        symbol: H
        role: Four aromatic hydrogens per repeat unit.
        share_note: standard atomic weight [1.007 84, 1.008 11]
      - name: Sulfur
        symbol: S
        role: One sulfide link per repeat unit, from sodium sulfide.
        share_note: standard atomic weight [32.059, 32.076]
  risk_groups:
    - title: For people
      lead: The product SDS prints no GHS classification, but gives handling rules for dust.
      level: 1
      verdict: Not classified in the SDS read
      points:
        - label: Classification
          line: The Techtron HPV PPS SDS prints the GHS classification, signal word and hazard statements as None.
        - label: Dust
          line: Fine dust can form an explosive mixture with air, so the SDS requires grounding and NFPA 484 and 654 measures.
    - title: If it fails
      lead: The failure route in these sources is prolonged heat above 698 °F.
      points:
        - label: Decomposition
          line: The SDS gives carbon oxides, sulfur oxides, carbonyl sulfide and fluorine-containing gases as decomposition products.
  why: PPS is a semicrystalline high-performance thermoplastic. The 40 % glass-filled grades read have a melting temperature of 280 °C (Fortron 1140L4) and a 265 °C deflection temperature at 1.8 MPa (Fortron 1140L4 and Ryton R-4-200BL). The unfilled TECATRON natural has a density of 1.36 g/cm3 and a 13700 psi tensile strength at yield.
  can_do:
    - label: Stay stiff when hot
      value: 265 °C deflection at 1.8 MPa
      benchmark: heat_deflection_temperature
      line: Fortron 1140L4 and Ryton R-4-200BL both print 265 °C at 1.8 MPa, unannealed, under ASTM D648.
    - label: Low outgassing
      value: 0.09 % TML
      benchmark: total_mass_loss
      line: The Gund table lists Ryton PPS at 0.09 % total mass loss and 0.00 % CVCM.
  compare: These rows are for different grades and test conditions, so they are examples and not a ranking. The unfilled TECATRON natural and the 40 % glass grades cannot be compared directly for stiffness or strength.
  compare_rows:
    - scope: material
      label: Density
      benchmark: density
    - scope: material
      label: Heat deflection temperature
      benchmark: heat_deflection_temperature
    - scope: material
      label: Moisture absorption
      benchmark: moisture_absorption
  handling:
    - Specify the grade, since unfilled and 40 % glass-filled PPS differ in strength, stiffness and heat deflection.
    - Ground transfer and dust-collection equipment and follow the NFPA dust rules when handling powder or fine dust.
    - Treat the values as typical nominal values, as the sources state.
  good_for:
    - 'Glass-filled electrical and fluid-handling parts: 265 °C deflection at 1.8 MPa (Fortron 1140L4 and Ryton R-4-200BL).'
    - 'Low outgassing applications: 0.09 % TML and 0.00 % CVCM for Ryton PPS (Gund bulletin).'
  watch_out:
    - 'Ductility: elongation at break is 1.5 % (Ryton R-4-200BL) and 1.7 % (Fortron 1140L4), so these grades are brittle compared with tougher plastics.'
    - 'Long-term heat: the unfilled TECATRON natural is rated at 338 °F long term, below the melting temperature of 536 °F.'
    - 'Atomic oxygen in orbit: no erosion yield for PPS was found in the NASA sources read, so the orbital behaviour is not known from this profile.'
  verdict: PPS is a stiff, heat-resistant, electrically insulating thermoplastic. The 40 % glass grades read have a 265 °C deflection temperature at 1.8 MPa, and the Ryton PPS outgassing table gives 0.09 % total mass loss. Its ductility is low, at 1.5 % to 2.5 % elongation, and no sourced atomic-oxygen or UV data was found.