spore: profile
id: polyketone
spore_version: 0.2
family: polyolefins
name: Aliphatic polyketone (PK, POKETONE, AKROTEK PK)
abbreviation: PK
role: semi-crystalline engineering thermoplastic made from carbon monoxide and olefins; PEVA (ethylene-vinyl acetate) is covered briefly as the PV encapsulant polymer
category: polymers
type: polyolefins
summary: |
  Aliphatic polyketone (PK) is a semi-crystalline thermoplastic made from carbon monoxide with ethylene and, in terpolymers, a little propylene. Hyosung sells it as POKETONE from a plant with a capacity of 50,000 tonnes per year in Ulsan, South Korea, and Akro-Plastic sells compounds as AKROTEK PK. The supplier safety data sheet for POKETONE M33AS1A gives a melting range above 220 degC, a flash point above 93 degC and no GHS classification. The maker and a 2017 Korean study report good resistance to hot water and glycol, but no UV test result was read. Ethylene-vinyl acetate (PEVA, 28 wt% vinyl acetate in the Vinmar EV0628 grade) melts at 75 degC by DSC and softens at 49 degC Vicat, and a PV study reports that extended UV exposure causes yellowing and loss of adhesion.
best_for: Injection-moulded and extruded ground parts that need wear resistance and resistance to hot water and weak chemicals (PK)
weakest_at: 'UV and heat ageing: no UV or heat-ageing number was read for PK, and the Akro-Plastic chemical table shows large yield-stress losses in hot acid and in dimethylformamide'
identity:
  formula: Copolymer of carbon monoxide with ethylene and a minor amount of propylene (aliphatic polyketone). PEVA is ethylene-vinyl acetate, 28 wt% vinyl acetate in the Vinmar EV0628 grade.
  cas: 88995-51-1
  source: hyosung-msds-m33as1a
  where: Section 3, Composition, row 1-Propene, polymer with carbon monoxide and ethene (97 %), with the CAS number as printed
  designations:
    - system: Trade name
      code: POKETONE
      source: kdf-poketone-flyer
      where: Title line, POKETONE The all-rounder
    - system: Trade name
      code: M33AS1A-NP0
      source: hyosung-msds-m33as1a
      where: Section 1, Product name, M33AS1A-NP0 (Polyketone)
    - system: Trade name
      code: AKROTEK
      note: brand line; the page prints the trade mark as AKROTEK with PK as the product type
      source: akrotek-page
      where: Product table, grade column, AKROTEK PK (general)
    - system: Trade name
      code: Carilon
      source: pmc-pk-review
      where: Section 1, Introduction, sentence on the Carilon terpolymer; production closed in 2000
    - system: Trade name
      code: VINPOL EV0628
      source: vinmar-ev0628
      where: Title line, EV0628, ethylene vinyl acetate copolymer (PEVA grade)
tags:
  environments: []
  stresses:
    - uv
  applications:
    - structures
    - mechanisms
    - solar-arrays
properties:
  - benchmark: melting_point
    label: Melting range, POKETONE M33AS1A (supplier SDS)
    value: 220
    bound: lower
    unit: degC
    scope: material
    conditions:
      grade: POKETONE M33AS1A-NP0 pellet, as printed in the SDS
      note_on_bound: printed as a range greater than 220 degC
    method: Melting range as printed in the supplier safety data sheet
    status: ground
    source: hyosung-msds-m33as1a
    where: Section 9, Physical and chemical properties, row Melting range
  - benchmark: melting_point
    label: Melting point, aliphatic polyketone (product page)
    value: 220
    unit: degC
    scope: material
    conditions:
      basis: general statement for aliphatic polyketone, no grade or test method given
    method: Statement on the Akro-Plastic Akrotek PK page
    status: ground
    source: akrotek-page
    where: Product description sentence, An aliphatic polyketone (PK) is a thermoplastic polymer with a melting point of 220 degC
  - benchmark: melting_point
    label: Melting range, non-alternating polyketones from Pd5 and Pd6 catalysts (lab)
    value: 220
    value_high: 230
    bound: range
    unit: degC
    scope: material
    conditions:
      basis: laboratory copolymers from named palladium catalysts, not commercial grades
      printed_as: 220~230 degC
    method: Range printed in the review text
    status: ground
    source: pmc-pk-review
    where: Section 4.1, Phosphine-Sulfonate Pd Catalysts, sentence on a melting temperature of 220 to 230 degC
  - benchmark: melting_point
    label: Melting point across CO/ethylene feed ratios 1/1 to 1/20 (lab)
    value: 147
    value_high: 248
    bound: range
    unit: degC
    scope: material
    conditions:
      basis: laboratory polyketones from a Pd38 catalyst; melting temperature falls as the ethylene feed rises
      feed_ratio: CO/ethylene 1/1 to 1/20
    method: Range printed in the review text, decreasing from 248 degC to 147 degC
    status: ground
    source: pmc-pk-review
    where: Section 4.2, Diphosphazane Monoxide Pd/Ni Catalysts, sentence on decreasing Tm
  - benchmark: flash_point
    label: Flash point, POKETONE M33AS1A
    value: 93
    bound: lower
    unit: degC
    scope: material
    conditions:
      method_note: rapid equilibrium method, as printed
      printed_as: no flash occurred under 93 degC
    method: Printed in the supplier SDS, rapid equilibrium method
    status: ground
    source: hyosung-msds-m33as1a
    where: Section 9, row Flash point
  - benchmark: autoignition_temperature
    label: Autoignition temperature, POKETONE M33AS1A
    value: 250
    bound: lower
    unit: degC
    scope: material
    conditions:
      printed_as: no spontaneous combustion under 250 degC
    method: Printed in the supplier SDS
    status: ground
    source: hyosung-msds-m33as1a
    where: Section 9, row Autoignition temperature
  - benchmark: burning_rate
    label: Burning rate, POKETONE M33AS1A (UN test N1)
    value: 0.7
    bound: upper
    unit: mm/s
    scope: material
    conditions:
      test: UN TDG test and criteria, test N1, as printed
    method: Printed in the supplier SDS, flammability section
    status: ground
    source: hyosung-msds-m33as1a
    where: Section 9, Flammability, row Burning rate
  - benchmark: melt_flow_rate
    label: Melt flow index, POKETONE M33AS1A (modified, silicone)
    value: 49
    unit: g/10 min
    scope: material
    conditions:
      temperature_load: 240 degC / 2.16 kg as printed in the flyer header
      standard: ASTM D1238, ISO 1133 as printed
    method: Melt-flow index column of the POKETONE portfolio table
    status: ground
    source: kdf-poketone-flyer
    where: POKETONE Portfolio table, row M33AS1A, Melt-Flow-Index column
  - benchmark: melt_flow_rate
    label: Melt flow index, POKETONE M630F (unreinforced extrusion grade)
    value: 6
    unit: g/10 min
    scope: material
    conditions:
      temperature_load: 240 degC / 2.16 kg as printed in the flyer header
      standard: ASTM D1238, ISO 1133 as printed
    method: Melt-flow index column of the POKETONE portfolio table
    status: ground
    source: kdf-poketone-flyer
    where: POKETONE Portfolio table, row M630F, Melt-Flow-Index column
  - benchmark: elongation
    label: Elongation at yield, AKROTEK PK (general)
    value: 25
    unit: '%'
    scope: material
    conditions:
      basis: elongation at yield, printed as almost 25 %
      grade: AKROTEK PK, general statement, no grade given
    method: Printed on the Akro-Plastic product page
    status: ground
    source: akrotek-page
    where: Product page value table, row Elongation at yield (almost 25 %)
  - benchmark: density
    label: Density, PEVA 28 wt% VA (Vinmar EV0628)
    value: 0.948
    unit: g/cm3
    scope: material
    conditions:
      grade: VINPOL EV0628, 28 wt% vinyl acetate
    method: ASTM D-1505 as printed
    status: ground
    source: vinmar-ev0628
    where: Resin property table, row Density
  - benchmark: melting_point
    label: Peak melting point by DSC, PEVA 28 wt% VA (Vinmar EV0628)
    value: 75
    unit: degC
    scope: material
    conditions:
      grade: VINPOL EV0628, 28 wt% vinyl acetate
      printed_as: 167 (75) degF (degC)
    method: ASTM D-3418 peak melting point by DSC as printed
    status: ground
    source: vinmar-ev0628
    where: Resin property table, row Peak Melting Point via DSC
  - benchmark: vicat_softening_temperature
    label: Vicat softening temperature, PEVA 28 wt% VA (Vinmar EV0628)
    value: 49
    unit: degC
    scope: material
    conditions:
      grade: VINPOL EV0628, 28 wt% vinyl acetate
      printed_as: 120 (49) degF (degC)
    method: ASTM D-1525 as printed
    status: ground
    source: vinmar-ev0628
    where: Resin property table, row Vicat Softening Temperature
  - benchmark: ultimate_tensile_strength
    label: Tensile strength at break, PEVA 28 wt% VA (Type IV)
    value: 19
    unit: MPa
    scope: material
    conditions:
      grade: VINPOL EV0628, 28 wt% vinyl acetate
      printed_as: 2,800 (19) psi (MPa)
      specimen: Type IV
    method: ASTM D-638 as printed
    status: ground
    source: vinmar-ev0628
    where: Resin property table, row Tensile Strength at Break, Type IV
  - benchmark: elongation
    label: Elongation at break, PEVA 28 wt% VA (Type IV)
    value: 1100
    unit: '%'
    scope: material
    conditions:
      grade: VINPOL EV0628, 28 wt% vinyl acetate
      specimen: Type IV
    method: ASTM D-638 as printed
    status: ground
    source: vinmar-ev0628
    where: Resin property table, row Elongation at Break, Type IV
  - benchmark: flexural_modulus
    label: 1 % secant flexural modulus, PEVA 28 wt% VA
    value: 24
    unit: MPa
    scope: material
    conditions:
      grade: VINPOL EV0628, 28 wt% vinyl acetate
      printed_as: 3,500 (24) psi (MPa)
    method: ASTM D-790 as printed
    status: ground
    source: vinmar-ev0628
    where: Resin property table, row 1% Secant Flexural Modulus
  - benchmark: melt_flow_rate
    label: Melt index, PEVA 28 wt% VA (Vinmar EV0628)
    value: 6
    unit: g/10 min
    scope: material
    conditions:
      temperature_load: 190 degC / 2.16 kg as printed
      grade: VINPOL EV0628, 28 wt% vinyl acetate
    method: ASTM D-1238 as printed
    status: ground
    source: vinmar-ev0628
    where: Resin property table, row Melt Index, 2.16 Kg at 190 degC
  - benchmark: vinyl_acetate_content
    label: Vinyl acetate content, PEVA grade EV0628
    value: 28
    unit: wt%
    scope: material
    conditions:
      method_note: supplier method, as printed
    method: Printed in the resin property table, Vinyl Acetate Content
    status: ground
    source: vinmar-ev0628
    where: Resin property table, row Vinyl Acetate Content
  - benchmark: shore_a_hardness
    label: Durometer hardness, PEVA grade EV0628
    value: 85
    unit: Shore A
    scope: material
    conditions:
      grade: VINPOL EV0628, 28 wt% vinyl acetate
    method: ASTM D-2240 as printed
    status: ground
    source: vinmar-ev0628
    where: Resin property table, row Durometer Hardness, Shore A
corrosion:
  - environment: Hot 40 % sulphuric acid (80 degC, 3 months)
    headline: Hot concentrated sulphuric acid cuts yield stress by 72 % (table grade not named).
    effect: The Akro-Plastic PK resistance table reports a change in yield stress of -72 % after 3 months at 80 degC in sulphuric acid 40 %, with the surface turned black. At 23 degC for 12 months the same acid gave no change in yield stress.
    rating: severe
    conditions:
      basis: table of subjective classifications following ISO 175 and related standards; the grade is not named in the table
    source: akro-pk-chemres
    where: Chemical resistance table, rows Sulphuric acid (40 %) at 23 and 80 degC
  - environment: Dimethylformamide at 80 degC (6 months)
    headline: Dimethylformamide swells PK and slowly dissolves it at 80 degC.
    effect: The table reports a yield-stress change of -80 % after 6 months at 80 degC in dimethylformamide, with samples swelling and slowly dissolving. At 23 degC for 12 months the change was -10 %.
    rating: severe
    conditions:
      basis: same resistance table; grade not named
    source: akro-pk-chemres
    where: Chemical resistance table, row Dimethyl formamide
  - environment: Humid air and hot glycol-water (moisture uptake)
    headline: Polyketone barely absorbs water and keeps its strength in hot glycol-water.
    effect: Hyosung says POKETONE is hydrolysis resistant and hardly absorbs water. A 2017 study of glass-fibre polyketone composites in monoethylene glycol and water at 120 degC found no change or only slight drops in tensile strength, modulus and strain at break. The Akro-Plastic page reports only a minimal strength loss in hydrolysis testing against a polyamide comparison grade. No water-absorption number was read.
    rating: low
    conditions:
      basis: maker statement, 2017 composite study (abstract), and supplier comparison; no moisture-uptake value was read
    source: kdf-poketone-flyer
    where: Properties block, Hydrolytically stable entry
  - environment: Hot glycol-water, glass-fibre polyketone composites at 120 degC
    headline: Glass-fibre PK held its mechanical properties in 120 degC glycol-water better than PA 66.
    effect: The abstract says that increasing immersion time in the monoethylene glycol and water solution at 120 degC had no impact or slightly decreased tensile strength, tensile modulus and strain at break for POK composites, while PA 66 composites showed a significant drop. The abstract gives no numbers.
    rating: low
    conditions:
      basis: composites with 30 to 50 % glass fibre, immersion times not given in the abstract
    source: kim-kim-2017
    where: Abstract, results on POK and PA66 composites
  - environment: UV exposure of PEVA encapsulant in PV modules
    headline: Extended UV exposure makes EVA yellow and lose adhesion.
    effect: The IIETA abstract says that an extended exposure to UV causes a loss of adhesion and a reduction of optical transmission (yellowing) in EVA encapsulant. Newer EVA formulations with antioxidants and UV absorbers were developed, but the abstract says optical degradation is still the main cause of performance loss in a module.
    rating: moderate
    conditions:
      basis: qualitative abstract statement for a standard EVA formulation in a glass/EVA/glass stack; no UV dose, duration or transmission value was read
    source: iieta-eva-pv
    where: Abstract
  - environment: UV exposure of POKETONE (UV-stabilised and standard grades)
    headline: No UV test result was read for PK.
    effect: The Hyosung flyer lists UV-stabilised grades (M630F-UV and M63VX0A) but gives no UV or weathering result. The Akro-Plastic PK pages list no UV data. The UV rating is therefore unknown, not low.
    rating: unknown
    conditions:
      basis: no UV test result read; grade labels only
    source: kdf-poketone-flyer
    where: POKETONE Portfolio table, UV-stabilised grades M630F-UV and M63VX0A
  - environment: Heat above the Vicat point (PEVA) and the melting range (PK)
    headline: No heat-ageing data read; the datasheet values are softening and melting points, not ageing limits.
    effect: PEVA softens at 49 degC Vicat and peaks at 75 degC by DSC for the Vinmar grade. Polyketone melts above 220 degC and gives no autoignition below 250 degC. None of these is an oven-ageing time or temperature series, so the heat-ageing rating is unknown.
    rating: unknown
    conditions:
      basis: softening and melting points only; no time at temperature was read
    source: vinmar-ev0628
    where: Resin property table, rows Vicat Softening Temperature and Peak Melting Point
risks:
  hazards:
    - text: 'Carbon monoxide (monomer, CID 281): PubChem aggregated GHS includes H220, H280, H331, H360 and H372. Shown for the gas as a raw material; the polymer is not classed in the SDS.'
      ghs:
        - H220
        - H280
        - H331
        - H360
        - H372
      source: pubchem-co
      where: GHS Classification, aggregated hazard statements, CID 281
    - text: 'Vinyl acetate (monomer, CID 7904): PubChem aggregated GHS includes H225, H315, H317, H319, H332, H335, H341 and H351 (with H350 listed in some reports). Shown for the liquid monomer used to make PEVA.'
      ghs:
        - H225
        - H315
        - H317
        - H319
        - H332
        - H335
        - H341
        - H351
      source: pubchem-vam
      where: GHS Classification, aggregated hazard statements, CID 7904
    - text: 'POKETONE M33AS1A-NP0 pellet: supplier SDS gives GHS physical, health and environment hazards as not applicable, with NFPA ratings health 0, flammability 1, reactivity 0.'
      ghs: []
      source: hyosung-msds-m33as1a
      where: Section 2, Hazards identification, and NFPA rating line
  failure_risks:
    - mode: Strength loss in hot strong acid or solvent
      trigger: Immersion at 80 degC, for example 40 % sulphuric acid for 3 months or dimethylformamide for 6 months
      consequence: Yield stress changes of -72 % (sulphuric acid, 40 %) and -80 % (dimethylformamide), with samples swelling and dissolving in DMF. The grade is not named in the table.
      severity: high
      source: akro-pk-chemres
      where: Chemical resistance table, rows Sulphuric acid (40 %) and Dimethyl formamide
    - mode: UV degradation of polyketone
      trigger: Sunlight or UV exposure in service
      consequence: No UV test result was read for PK, so the effect size is unknown. UV-stabilised grades are sold, which suggests the base grade is not the choice for long UV exposure.
      severity: moderate
      source: kdf-poketone-flyer
      where: POKETONE Portfolio table, UV-stabilised grades M630F-UV and M63VX0A
    - mode: Yellowing and loss of adhesion in PEVA encapsulant
      trigger: Extended UV exposure of a glass/EVA/glass stack
      consequence: Loss of adhesion and a reduction in optical transmission. The abstract gives no dose, duration or percentage.
      severity: moderate
      source: iieta-eva-pv
      where: Abstract
    - mode: Softening of PEVA
      trigger: Use above the Vicat softening point (49 degC) or near the DSC peak melting point (75 degC)
      consequence: The datasheet values mark where the Vinmar EV0628 grade softens and melts. They are test values, not a service rating.
      severity: moderate
      source: vinmar-ev0628
      where: Resin property table, rows Vicat Softening Temperature and Peak Melting Point
    - mode: Burning of the pellet
      trigger: Ignition of pellets or dust
      consequence: Burning rate below 0.7 mm/s (UN test N1). The SDS gives no spontaneous combustion below 250 degC and no flash below 93 degC.
      severity: low
      source: hyosung-msds-m33as1a
      where: Section 9, Flammability and flash point rows
  side_effects:
    - text: Combustion gives carbon oxides, which the SDS lists as hazardous decomposition products. No other decomposition product is given, and the SDS says no data are available for specific fire hazards.
      affects: Fire fighters and people in the enclosure
      source: hyosung-msds-m33as1a
      where: Section 5, Specific hazards, and Section 10, Hazardous decomposition products
  handling:
    - text: Avoid dust formation. Pick up spilled pellets without creating dust, and remove sources of ignition.
      source: hyosung-msds-m33as1a
      where: Sections 6 and 10, Conditions to avoid
    - text: Keep away from strong oxidising agents, which the SDS lists as materials to avoid.
      source: hyosung-msds-m33as1a
      where: Section 10, Materials to avoid
  mitigations:
    - text: UV-stabilised grades are listed (M630F-UV and M63VX0A). The flyer gives no UV test result, so test the chosen grade before outdoor use.
      source: kdf-poketone-flyer
      where: POKETONE Portfolio table
    - text: Newer EVA formulations contain antioxidants and UV absorbers. The IIETA abstract says these were developed but gives no effect size.
      source: iieta-eva-pv
      where: Abstract
uses:
  - application: structures
    device: Injection-moulded electrical, electronics, consumer and vehicle parts (ground)
    example: Hyosung names electrics and electronics, consumer goods, healthcare, mechanical engineering, vehicle construction and e-mobility as target segments for POKETONE.
    source: kdf-poketone-flyer
    where: Industries block, right-hand text
  - application: mechanisms
    device: Wear-resistant, low-noise moving parts (ground)
    example: The flyer says POKETONE has excellent wear resistance compared with other engineering polymers and reduces various noise problems.
    source: kdf-poketone-flyer
    where: Properties block, High wear resistance entry
  - application: solar-arrays
    device: Ethylene-vinyl acetate encapsulant in photovoltaic modules (PEVA)
    example: The most usually employed polymer for PV module encapsulant is ethylene-vinyl acetate (EVA), because of its moderate cost and ease of implementation.
    source: iieta-eva-pv
    where: Abstract, first paragraph
supply:
  - subject: Aliphatic polyketone resin (POKETONE, AKROTEK PK)
    demand: Hyosung gives a plant capacity of 50,000 tonnes per year at Yongyeon, Ulsan, South Korea. The review gives the same annual production figure. No market-size figure was read.
    routes: Carbon monoxide with ethylene, and a little propylene in terpolymers. The route details (methanol slurry or gas-phase processes) were not read from a primary source here.
    producers: []
    critical_lists: []
    substitutes: []
    source: kdf-poketone-flyer
    where: Title block and Industries block (capacity 50,000 tonnes per year, Yongyeon, Ulsan)
  - subject: Ethylene (main olefin feedstock)
    demand: No demand or price figure was read.
    routes: The review calls ethylene a cheap and plentiful monomer. No production volume or country share was read.
    producers: []
    critical_lists: []
    substitutes: []
    source: pmc-pk-review
    where: Section 1, Introduction, sentence on the cheap and plentiful ethylene monomer
media: []
documents:
  - title: Hyosung Corporation, Material Safety Data Sheet, POKETONE M33AS1A-NP0 (Polyketone), issued 2014.04.07
    type: sds
    url: https://www.hyosungchemical.com/resources/front/files/pok_tds/M33AS1A_MSDS_E.pdf
    year: 2014
  - title: K.D. Feddersen, POKETONE The all-rounder (Hyosung polyketone product flyer)
    type: datasheet
    url: https://a.storyblok.com/f/170886/x/ab4b9ee626/flyer_hyosung_poketone_the-all-rounder.pdf
  - title: Akro-Plastic, chemical resistance of polyketone (PK), 2024, linked from the AKROTEK PK page
    type: datasheet
    url: https://a.storyblok.com/f/170886/x/b9ba18cd16/2024-resistance-to-pk_en.pdf
    year: 2024
  - title: Vinmar Polymers America, VINPOL EV0628 ethylene vinyl acetate copolymer, resin property sheet (Rev. Date 7/28/2023)
    type: datasheet
    url: https://vpa.vinmar.com/wp-content/uploads/VINPOL-EV0628.pdf
    year: 2023
  - title: Recent Advances in Synthesis of Non-Alternating Polyketone Generated by Copolymerization of Carbon Monoxide and Ethylene (PMC10816092)
    type: paper
    url: https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC10816092/
    year: 2024
  - title: Kim and Kim, Hydrolysis Resistance and Mechanical Property Changes of Glass Fiber Filled Polyketone Composites Upon Glass Fiber Concentration (Elastomers and Composites 52(1), 2017)
    type: paper
    url: https://www.koreascience.or.kr/article/JAKO201714563377563.page
    year: 2017
  - title: Mechanical and optical ageing of an EVA encapsulant under accelerated UV (IIETA, Revue des Composites et des Materiaux Avances, 2017, DOI 10.3166/rcma.2017.00010)
    type: paper
    url: https://iieta.org/node/1877
    year: 2017
  - title: 'PubChem CID 281, Carbon Monoxide: GHS classification'
    type: database
    url: https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/281
    year: 2026
  - title: 'PubChem CID 7904, Vinyl Acetate: GHS classification'
    type: database
    url: https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/7904
    year: 2026
gaps:
  - 'Density of polyketone is not recorded: the supplier SDS prints ''Density : > 1.24 at 20 degC'' with no unit, so no value was entered.'
  - 'Heat ageing: no oven-ageing time or temperature series for PK or PEVA was read. The heat-ageing rating is unknown for both.'
  - 'UV for PK: no UV or weathering test result was read. The flyer lists UV-stabilised grades without numbers.'
  - 'Humidity for PEVA: no water-absorption or hydrolysis value for EVA was read. The Wikipedia statement on hydrolysis to EVOH and acetic acid is not used as a value.'
  - 'Tensile strength, flexural modulus, heat deflection temperature and water absorption for PK grades: the Hyosung and Akro-Plastic datasheets returned HTTP 403 or are behind a login, and the Akro page prints these only as charts.'
  - Hyosung flyer (K.D. Feddersen) has no printed date, so no year is given in its source entry.
  - 'Glass transition temperature of PK and PEVA: no primary value was read.'
  - 'PEVA: only the Vinmar 28 wt% grade was read in full. Dow Elvax and Westlake grade sheets were seen in search results only. The Wikipedia range of 1 to 40 wt% vinyl acetate is composition only.'
  - The Jin 2010 EVA UV paper (NJTech) could not be opened, so no UV result beyond the IIETA abstract is recorded. The Springer 2022 EVA thermal paper redirects to a login page.
  - The Akro-Plastic chemical table does not name the grade and calls its data subjective classifications, so its ratings are used with that caveat.
  - 'Supply: no producer share by country and no PEVA producer capacity was read.'
  - 'Hazards for the polymer: no PubChem record for the polyketone polymer was found, and the SDS gives ''No data available'' for most toxicology.'
  - Autoignition temperature, burning rate and melt flow rate are not in spores/property-canon.yaml and are used as short names. Shore A hardness is also a short name.
  - Melting point of 220 degC from the Akrotek page gives no test method. The melting range in the SDS is a lower bound (greater than 220 degC).
  - Akro-Plastic's PK melt-flow and mechanical values for the glass-fibre grades are not printed as numbers on the product page.
sources:
  hyosung-msds-m33as1a:
    title: Hyosung Corporation, Material Safety Data Sheet, POKETONE M33AS1A-NP0 (Polyketone)
    id: Issued 2014.04.07, revision 0
    url: https://www.hyosungchemical.com/resources/front/files/pok_tds/M33AS1A_MSDS_E.pdf
    kind: datasheet
    year: 2014
    license: supplier SDS, cited
  kdf-poketone-flyer:
    title: POKETONE The all-rounder, polyketone flyer (Hyosung product, distributed by K.D. Feddersen)
    id: undated product flyer
    url: https://a.storyblok.com/f/170886/x/ab4b9ee626/flyer_hyosung_poketone_the-all-rounder.pdf
    kind: datasheet
    license: supplier flyer, cited
  akro-pk-chemres:
    title: Akro-Plastic, chemical resistance of polyketone (PK), 2024
    id: 2024 resistance table, linked from the AKROTEK PK page
    url: https://a.storyblok.com/f/170886/x/b9ba18cd16/2024-resistance-to-pk_en.pdf
    kind: datasheet
    year: 2024
    license: supplier document, cited
  akrotek-page:
    title: Akro-Plastic, Polyketon solves problems where others fail (AKROTEK PK)
    id: Akro-Plastic product page
    url: https://akro-plastic.com/en/compounds/akrotek-pk
    kind: web
    year: 2026
    license: supplier web page, cited
  pmc-pk-review:
    title: Recent Advances in Synthesis of Non-Alternating Polyketone Generated by Copolymerization of Carbon Monoxide and Ethylene
    id: PMC10816092
    url: https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC10816092/
    kind: paper
    year: 2024
    license: open access, cited
  kim-kim-2017:
    title: Hydrolysis Resistance and Mechanical Property Changes of Glass Fiber Filled Polyketone Composites Upon Glass Fiber Concentration
    id: Elastomers and Composites 52(1), 1-8, DOI 10.7473/EC.2017.52.1.1
    url: https://www.koreascience.or.kr/article/JAKO201714563377563.page
    kind: paper
    year: 2017
    license: cited from the abstract page
  vinmar-ev0628:
    title: Vinmar Polymers America, VINPOL EV0628 ethylene vinyl acetate copolymer, resin property sheet
    id: VINPOL EV0628, Rev. Date 7/28/2023
    url: https://vpa.vinmar.com/wp-content/uploads/VINPOL-EV0628.pdf
    kind: datasheet
    year: 2023
    license: supplier datasheet, cited
  iieta-eva-pv:
    title: Study of the accelerated aging under UV of the ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer for photovoltaic applications
    id: Revue des Composites et des Materiaux Avances 27(1-2), 87-96, DOI 10.3166/rcma.2017.00010
    url: https://iieta.org/node/1877
    kind: paper
    year: 2017
    license: cited from the abstract page
  wiki-polyketone:
    title: Polyketone, Wikipedia (composition and monomers only)
    id: en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polyketone
    url: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polyketone
    kind: web
    year: 2026
    license: CC BY-SA 4.0
  wiki-eva:
    title: Ethylene-vinyl acetate, Wikipedia (composition and VA range only)
    id: en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ethylene-vinyl_acetate
    url: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ethylene-vinyl_acetate
    kind: web
    year: 2026
    license: CC BY-SA 4.0
  pubchem-co:
    title: 'PubChem CID 281, Carbon Monoxide: GHS classification'
    id: CID 281
    url: https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/281
    kind: database
    year: 2026
    license: public domain (NIH PubChem)
  pubchem-vam:
    title: 'PubChem CID 7904, Vinyl Acetate: GHS classification'
    id: CID 7904
    url: https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/7904
    kind: database
    year: 2026
    license: public domain (NIH PubChem)
license: CC-BY-4.0
updated: '2026-10-26'
review:
  status: draft
  method: assistant
  checked_values: 19
  unreachable: 3
  caveats: 5
  note: Written by an AI assistant on 2026-10-26. Values read from the POKETONE M33AS1A SDS, the Akro-Plastic product page and chemical table, the Hyosung flyer, the PMC polyketone review, the Vinmar EV0628 sheet and the IIETA EVA abstract. Dow, Westlake, Springer and NJTech pages were not read. The POKETONE datasheets returned HTTP 403.
story:
  recipe:
    line: Polyketone is a copolymer of carbon monoxide with olefins. The usual form is the ethylene-CO copolymer, and a small share of propylene gives a terpolymer with a slightly lower melting point (Wikipedia). The Akrotek page says roughly half of the chemical components come from carbon monoxide. PEVA is an ethylene and vinyl acetate copolymer, with 28 wt% vinyl acetate in the Vinmar EV0628 grade.
    parts:
      - name: Carbon monoxide
        symbol: CO
        share: about half of the chemical components (Akrotek page)
        role: Adds the ketone groups along the chain. The ketone is what makes the polymer a polyketone.
      - name: Ethylene
        share: main olefin; no share printed
        role: Main olefin in the ethylene-CO copolymer. The PMC review calls it a cheap and plentiful monomer.
      - name: Propylene
        share: minor third monomer (Wikipedia)
        role: Lowers the melting point a little in the terpolymer (Wikipedia).
      - name: Vinyl acetate
        share: 28 wt% in the Vinmar EV0628 grade
        role: Comonomer in PEVA. Higher vinyl acetate content gives softer, more flexible grades (Wikipedia).
  risk_groups:
    - title: For people
      level: 0
      verdict: Polymer not classed; monomers are hazardous
      lead: The polyketone pellet is not classed under GHS by its supplier. PubChem classes the raw monomers, which are gases and liquids, not the solid polymer.
      points:
        - label: The pellet
          line: The supplier SDS gives GHS as not applicable for physical, health and environmental hazards, with NFPA ratings 0 for health, 1 for flammability and 0 for reactivity.
        - label: Dust
          line: The SDS asks users to avoid dust formation and to pick up spilled pellets without creating dust.
        - label: Monomers
          line: PubChem lists carbon monoxide (H220, H280, H331, H360, H372) and vinyl acetate (H225, H332, H341, H351) as hazardous.
    - title: If the pellet burns
      level: 1
      verdict: Burns slowly; no spontaneous ignition below 250 degC
      lead: The SDS gives a burning rate below 0.7 mm/s (UN test N1) and no spontaneous combustion below 250 degC.
      points:
        - label: Flash
          line: No flash occurred below 93 degC by the rapid equilibrium method.
        - label: Products
          line: The SDS names carbon oxides as the hazardous decomposition products and advises self-contained breathing apparatus for fire fighters.
    - title: UV and heat in use
      level: 1
      verdict: No PK UV number; EVA yellows and loses adhesion
      lead: Heat and UV limits here come from datasheet softening and melting points and from qualitative literature. No ageing test value was read for either polymer.
      points:
        - label: PEVA softening
          line: The Vinmar EV0628 sheet gives a Vicat softening point of 49 degC and a DSC peak melting point of 75 degC, which are test values, not service ratings.
        - label: EVA under UV
          line: An extended UV exposure caused a loss of adhesion and a reduction in optical transmission (yellowing) in an EVA encapsulant, according to the IIETA abstract.
  why: Polyketone is in this file as a thermoplastic that combines a melting range above 220 degC with documented resistance to hot water and weak chemicals, and as a plastic whose supplier SDS gives no hazard classification. PEVA is included briefly because it is the ethylene-vinyl acetate film used as a PV module encapsulant, and because its UV yellowing is documented in a 2017 study. Both polymers are ground-tested materials; no orbital or lunar test value was read for either.
  uses:
    - where: Moulded electrical and vehicle parts
      line: Hyosung names electrics and electronics, consumer goods, healthcare, mechanical engineering, vehicle construction and e-mobility as target segments for POKETONE.
    - where: Wear-resistant moving parts
      line: The flyer says POKETONE has excellent wear resistance compared with other engineering polymers and reduces various noise problems. This is a ground use.
    - where: PV module encapsulant (PEVA)
      line: The IIETA abstract says EVA is the most usually employed polymer for PV module encapsulant, because of its moderate cost and ease of implementation.
  can_do:
    - label: Melting range
      benchmark: melting_point
      line: The SDS gives a melting range above 220 degC for POKETONE M33AS1A, and the Akrotek page gives 220 degC for aliphatic polyketone in general.
    - label: Melt flow
      benchmark: melt_flow_rate
      line: Melt flow index is 49 g/10 min for M33AS1A and 6 g/10 min for M630F, at 240 degC and 2.16 kg (flyer).
    - label: PEVA softening
      benchmark: vicat_softening_temperature
      line: The 28 wt% PEVA grade softens at 49 degC Vicat and peaks at 75 degC by DSC, so its use temperature is far below that of polyketone.
  compare: Polyketone melts above 220 degC, while the 28 wt% PEVA grade softens at 49 degC Vicat and melts at 75 degC. Polyketone's water and chemical resistance comes from its maker and from one 2017 study, with no UV number. PEVA's UV yellowing comes from a 2017 PV paper, with no dose or duration. Neither polymer has an ageing number in this file.
  compare_rows:
    - scope: material
      label: Melting point
      benchmark: melting_point
    - scope: material
      label: Vicat softening temperature
      benchmark: vicat_softening_temperature
    - scope: material
      label: Tensile strength at break
      benchmark: ultimate_tensile_strength
  handling:
    - Keep the pellet dry and closed, avoid dust, and pick up spills without creating dust.
    - Keep polyketone away from strong oxidising agents, as the SDS advises.
    - Do not put unstabilised polyketone in outdoor UV without a test of the chosen grade.
    - Avoid hot concentrated acid and dimethylformamide for PK parts; the Akro-Plastic table shows large losses.
  good_for:
    - Wear-resistant, low-noise moulded parts, as the flyer describes.
    - Parts exposed to hot water or weak acids and alkalis, where the maker and a 2017 study report little loss.
    - PEVA as a PV module encapsulant film, the role the IIETA abstract describes.
  watch_out:
    - 'UV: no PK UV test result was read. PEVA yellows and loses adhesion under extended UV.'
    - 'Hot acids and solvents: 40 % sulphuric acid and dimethylformamide at 80 degC cut yield stress by 72 % and 80 % in the table, and DMF swells and dissolves the samples.'
    - A melting point of 220 degC is not a service temperature. No heat-ageing data were read.
    - The density of polyketone is not recorded, because the SDS prints it with no unit.
  verdict: Polyketone is a lightly documented engineering thermoplastic. Its SDS shows no GHS hazard, its melting range is above 220 degC, and its water and chemical resistance is supported by a maker flyer, a supplier table and one study. Its UV and heat ageing are not measured here. PEVA is covered only briefly, with datasheet values but no ageing numbers.