spore: profile id: phynox spore_version: 0.2 family: cobalt-alloys name: Phynox abbreviation: UNS R30003 role: non-magnetic cobalt-base spring alloy, also sold as Elgiloy, for high-strength springs, diaphragms and thin strip category: metals type: nickel-superalloys summary: | Phynox (UNS R30003, EN 2.4711, also sold as Elgiloy) is a cobalt-base alloy of cobalt, chromium, nickel, molybdenum and iron. Aperam gives its nominal composition as 40 Co, 20 Cr, 16 Ni, 15 Fe and 7 Mo (weight percent). It gets its strength from cold work and can be age hardened at about 500 C. Aperam says cold rolled strip reaches up to 2500 MPa tensile strength. The alloy is non-magnetic. Its listed uses are springs, diaphragms, electrical and electronic apparatus, aerospace equipment, and surgical implants and pacemaker electrodes. Elgiloy strip data are also used for satellite communications equipment, but no spacecraft is named. best_for: Thin, high-strength springs and diaphragms that must stay non-magnetic and resist corrosion in seawater and sour wells weakest_at: Joining after age hardening, and no measured corrosion rates in the sources read identity: formula: 'Cobalt-base austenitic alloy. Aperam nominal composition (wt %): Co 40, Cr 20, Ni 16, Fe 15, Mo 7' source: aperam-phynox where: Chemical Composition table on the PHYNOX product page (Co40 Cr20 Ni16 Fe15 Mo7) designations: - system: UNS code: R30003 source: elgiloy-wire-sheet where: Title block and Applicable Specifications table (Wire and Bar) - system: EN code: '2.4711' source: studer-phynox-sba011 where: Material number column, title block - system: EN name code: CoCr20Ni15Mo source: studer-phynox-sba011 where: EN/DIN column, title block - system: ASTM code: F1058 note: surgical implant wire and strip source: studer-phynox-sba011 where: ASTM column, title block; also Applicable Specifications in both Elgiloy sheets - system: AMS code: '5833' source: elgiloy-wire-sheet where: Applicable Specifications, Wire and Bar row - system: AMS code: '5834' source: elgiloy-wire-sheet where: Applicable Specifications, Wire and Bar row - system: AMS code: '5876' source: elgiloy-strip-sheet where: Applicable Specifications, Strip and Foil row - system: ISO code: 5832-7 source: elgiloy-wire-sheet where: Applicable Specifications, Wire and Bar row - system: Trade name code: Phynox source: aperam-phynox where: Product page title and datasheet name - system: Trade name code: Elgiloy source: elgiloy-wire-sheet where: Title block; registered trademark of Elgiloy Specialty Metals tags: environments: [] stresses: - extreme-cold - extreme-heat applications: - mechanisms - electronics-and-chips properties: - benchmark: density label: Density value: 8.3 unit: g/cm3 scope: material conditions: temperature: 20 C unit_in_source: 8.30 g/cm3 at 20 C (also 0.300 lb/in3) method: Printed in the Physical Properties table of the Elgiloy wire sheet. Studer SBA-011 prints the same 8.3 g/cm3 without a temperature. status: ground source: elgiloy-wire-sheet where: Physical Properties table, row Density, At 20 C column - benchmark: elastic_modulus label: Young's modulus at 20 C, flat wire value: 215 unit: GPa scope: material conditions: temperature: 20 C form: flat wire unit_in_source: 215.00 GPA method: Printed in the Physical properties table of the Studer SBA-011 datasheet. The Elgiloy wire sheet prints a lower value for round wire (190 GPa), and both are recorded. status: ground source: studer-phynox-sba011 where: Physical properties table, row Young's modulus E, 20 C - benchmark: elastic_modulus label: Modulus of elasticity at 20 C, wire value: 190 unit: GPa scope: material conditions: temperature: 20 C form: wire unit_in_source: 190 GPa at 20 C method: Printed in the Physical Properties table of the Elgiloy wire sheet. The Studer datasheet prints 215 GPa at 20 C for flat wire, and both are recorded. status: ground source: elgiloy-wire-sheet where: Physical Properties table, row Modulus of Elasticity (E), At 20C column - benchmark: elastic_modulus label: Modulus of elasticity, cold reduced strip value: 186 value_high: 200 unit: GPa scope: material conditions: temper: cold reduced form: strip unit_in_source: 186 to 200 GPa cold reduced method: Printed as a range in the Elgiloy strip sheet. status: ground source: elgiloy-strip-sheet where: Physical Properties table, row Modulus of Elasticity (E), cold reduced line - benchmark: elastic_modulus label: Modulus of elasticity, cold reduced and aged strip value: 206 value_high: 221 unit: GPa scope: material conditions: temper: cold reduced and aged form: strip unit_in_source: 206 to 221 GPa cold reduced and aged method: Printed as a range in the Elgiloy strip sheet. Aging is the printed heat treatment in that sheet. status: ground source: elgiloy-strip-sheet where: Physical Properties table, row Modulus of Elasticity (E), cold reduced and aged line - benchmark: cte label: Coefficient of thermal expansion, 20 to 200 C value: 12.5 unit: 10-6/K scope: material conditions: temperature: 20 to 200 C unit_in_source: 12.5 [10-6/K] method: Printed in the Physical properties table of the Studer datasheet. status: ground source: studer-phynox-sba011 where: Physical properties table, row Heat expansion coefficient - benchmark: cte label: Coefficient of thermal expansion, 20 to 300 C, wire sheet value: 15.2 unit: um/m-C scope: material conditions: temperature: 20 to 300 C unit_in_source: 15.2 um/m-oC (20-300 oC) method: Printed in the Physical Properties table of the Elgiloy wire sheet. The same sheet gives 8.4 microinches per inch per F for 70 to 600 F. The two values are recorded separately because the temperature ranges differ. status: ground source: elgiloy-wire-sheet where: Physical Properties table, row Coefficient of Expansion, At 20oC column - benchmark: thermal_conductivity label: Thermal conductivity at 20 C value: 12.5 unit: W/(m.K) scope: material conditions: temperature: 20 C unit_in_source: 12.5 W/m K method: Printed in the Physical properties table of the Studer datasheet. The Elgiloy wire sheet prints the same 12.5 W/m-K at 20 C. status: ground source: studer-phynox-sba011 where: Physical properties table, row Heat conductivity - benchmark: specific_heat label: Specific heat capacity at 20 C value: 450 unit: J/(kg.K) scope: material conditions: temperature: 20 C unit_in_source: 450 J/kgK method: Printed in the Physical properties table of the Studer datasheet. status: ground source: studer-phynox-sba011 where: Physical properties table, row Specific heat capacity - benchmark: electrical_resistivity label: Specific electrical resistance at 20 C, Studer value: 95 unit: uOhm.cm scope: material conditions: temperature: 20 C unit_in_source: 95 uOhm cm method: Printed in the Physical properties table of the Studer datasheet. The Elgiloy wire sheet prints 99.6 uOhm.cm at 20 C, and both are recorded. status: ground source: studer-phynox-sba011 where: Physical properties table, row Specific resistance - benchmark: electrical_resistivity label: Electrical resistivity at 20 C, wire sheet value: 99.6 unit: uOhm.cm scope: material conditions: temperature: 20 C unit_in_source: 99.6 micro ohm.cm method: Printed in the Physical Properties table of the Elgiloy wire sheet. The Elgiloy strip sheet prints the same 99.6 micro ohm.cm at 20 C. status: ground source: elgiloy-wire-sheet where: Physical Properties table, row Electrical Resistivity, At 20C column - benchmark: ultimate_tensile_strength label: Tensile strength, annealed wire value: 120 value_high: 150 unit: ksi scope: material conditions: temper: annealed form: wire heat_treatment: 2048 F (1120 C) unit_in_source: 120 to 150 ksi (830 to 1035 MPa) method: Typical Mechanical Properties table, Spring Applications, Elgiloy wire sheet. The MPa range is printed beside the ksi range. status: ground source: elgiloy-wire-sheet where: Typical Mechanical Properties table, row Annealed - benchmark: ultimate_tensile_strength label: Tensile strength, spring temper wire value: 220 value_high: 290 unit: ksi scope: material conditions: temper: spring temper, no aging form: wire unit_in_source: 220 to 290 ksi (1515 to 2000 MPa) method: Typical Mechanical Properties table, Spring Applications, Elgiloy wire sheet. status: ground source: elgiloy-wire-sheet where: Typical Mechanical Properties table, row Spring Temper - benchmark: ultimate_tensile_strength label: Tensile strength, spring temper and aged wire value: 260 value_high: 330 unit: ksi scope: material conditions: temper: spring temper and aged, aged at 980 F (527 C) for 5 h after coiling form: wire unit_in_source: 260 to 330 ksi (1790 to 2275 MPa) method: Typical Mechanical Properties table, Spring Applications, Elgiloy wire sheet. The aging step is printed in the same row. status: ground source: elgiloy-wire-sheet where: Typical Mechanical Properties table, row Spring Temper + Aged - benchmark: ultimate_tensile_strength label: Tensile strength, annealed strip value: 100 unit: ksi scope: material conditions: temper: annealed per AMS 5876 form: strip unit_in_source: 100 ksi min (690 MPa) method: Typical Mechanical Properties table, Elgiloy strip sheet. The value is printed as a minimum. status: ground source: elgiloy-strip-sheet where: Typical Mechanical Properties table, row Annealed - benchmark: ultimate_tensile_strength label: Tensile strength, spring temper strip, no heat treatment value: 310 unit: ksi scope: material conditions: temper: spring temper, no heat treatment form: strip unit_in_source: up to 310 ksi (2100 MPa) method: Typical Mechanical Properties table, Elgiloy strip sheet. The value is printed as up to. status: ground source: elgiloy-strip-sheet where: Typical Mechanical Properties table, row Spring Temper - benchmark: ultimate_tensile_strength label: Tensile strength, spring temper strip and aged value: 380 unit: ksi scope: material conditions: temper: spring temper after cold rolling, then aged per AMS 5876 form: strip unit_in_source: up to 380 ksi (2600 MPa) method: Typical Mechanical Properties table, Elgiloy strip sheet. The value is printed as up to. status: ground source: elgiloy-strip-sheet where: Typical Mechanical Properties table, row Spring Temper + Aged - benchmark: ultimate_tensile_strength label: Tensile strength, hardened wire, over 2200 value: 2200 unit: N/mm2 scope: material conditions: temper: hardened by the heat treatment in the Studer datasheet form: flat wire unit_in_source: over 2200 N/mm2, depending on diameter method: Printed in the Technical main features section of the Studer datasheet. The value is printed as over 2200 N/mm2 and depends on diameter, so it is a lower bound. status: ground source: studer-phynox-sba011 where: Technical main features, paragraph beginning Tensile strengths of over 2200 N/mm2 - benchmark: ultimate_tensile_strength label: Tensile strength, cold rolled strip, fully hardened value: 2500 unit: MPa scope: material conditions: temper: cold rolled strip, fully hardened form: strip unit_in_source: up to 2500 MPa method: Printed on the Aperam PHYNOX product page, first paragraph. The value is printed as up to. status: ground source: aperam-phynox where: Product description paragraph, first sentence - benchmark: yield_strength label: Yield strength, cold worked value: 1800 unit: MPa scope: material conditions: temper: cold worked, no aging unit_in_source: higher than 1800 MPa method: Printed on the Aperam PHYNOX product page. The page gives it as higher than 1800 MPa that can be achieved by cold working alone. status: ground source: aperam-phynox where: Product description paragraph beginning Yield strengths higher than 1800 MPa - benchmark: max_service_temp label: Suggested maximum operating temperature value: 454 unit: C scope: material conditions: temper: all listed tempers unit_in_source: '-300 F to 850 F (-184 C to 454 C)' method: Printed as the suggested operating range in the Typical Mechanical Properties tables of both Elgiloy sheets. status: ground source: elgiloy-wire-sheet where: Typical Mechanical Properties table, Suggested Operating Conditions column - benchmark: min_service_temp label: Suggested minimum operating temperature value: -184 unit: C scope: material conditions: temper: all listed tempers unit_in_source: '-300 F to 850 F (-184 C to 454 C)' method: Printed as the suggested operating range in the Typical Mechanical Properties table of the Elgiloy wire sheet. The Elgiloy strip sheet prints the same range. status: ground source: elgiloy-wire-sheet where: Typical Mechanical Properties table, Suggested Operating Conditions column corrosion: - environment: Seawater, crevice and pitting headline: Virtually immune to crevice, stress corrosion and pitting in seawater, even at the highest strength levels. effect: The Elgiloy wire sheet says that in seawater the alloy is virtually immune to crevice and stress corrosion and to pitting, even at the highest strength levels. No seawater test duration or rate is printed. rating: low conditions: basis: qualitative statement, no rate printed product: wire and strip, all strength levels source: elgiloy-wire-sheet where: Introduction paragraph, sentence beginning In seawater - environment: Sour well environments, sulfide stress cracking headline: Highly resistant to sulfide stress corrosion cracking; NACE MR0175 is an applicable specification. effect: The Elgiloy wire sheet says the alloy is highly resistant to sulfide stress corrosion cracking and is the alloy of choice in the most demanding sour well environments. Both Elgiloy sheets list NACE MR0175 in their applicable specifications. No test figure is printed. rating: low conditions: basis: qualitative statement, no test figure printed source: elgiloy-wire-sheet where: Introduction paragraph and Applicable Specifications row - environment: Mineral and organic acids at room temperature headline: Not, or only very hardly, attacked by mineral and organic acids at room temperature. effect: The Studer SBA-011 datasheet says the alloy is not or only very hardly attacked by organic and mineral acids at room temperature, and that it outshines the best stainless steels. No acid concentration or rate is printed. rating: low conditions: temperature: room temperature basis: qualitative statement, no rate printed source: studer-phynox-sba011 where: Technical main features, Corosion resistance paragraph - environment: Stress corrosion cracking and hydrogen embrittlement in service headline: Exceptional resistance to corrosion, stress corrosion cracking and hydrogen embrittlement, per the manufacturer. effect: Aperam lists exceptional resistance to corrosion, stress corrosion cracking and hydrogen embrittlement among the most important properties of the alloy. The page prints no test data. rating: low conditions: basis: manufacturer statement, no test data printed source: aperam-phynox where: Product text, list of complementary properties - environment: Air during heat treatment headline: Discolours in air; a treatment in air leaves a yellow oxide layer with no effect on mechanical properties. effect: Studer says the material discolours in air and that this has no effect on its mechanical properties. Its thermal treatment table says a treatment in air causes a yellow oxide layer, and it recommends vacuum or argon. rating: low conditions: temperature: 480 to 540 C hardening basis: qualitative statement source: studer-phynox-sba011 where: Heat treatment paragraph and Thermal treatment table footnote risks: hazards: - text: No Phynox or Elgiloy safety data sheet was found in this run. The hazard entries use PubChem's aggregated GHS data for cobalt metal, which is a different material, and are labelled as such. The alloy is 40 percent cobalt. ghs: [] source: pubchem-cobalt where: Safety and Hazards, Hazards Identification, GHS Classification (signal word Danger) - text: 'Cobalt metal, PubChem aggregated GHS data from ECHA notifications, signal word Danger: H317 may cause an allergic skin reaction, H334 may cause allergy or asthma symptoms or breathing difficulties if inhaled, H341 suspected of causing genetic defects, H350 may cause cancer, H360F may damage fertility, and H413 may cause long lasting harmful effects to aquatic life.' ghs: - H317 - H334 - H341 - H350 - H360F - H413 source: pubchem-cobalt where: Safety and Hazards, Hazards Identification, GHS Classification (aggregated notifications without percentages, cobalt CID 104730) failure_risks: - mode: Hardening lost or limited after welding trigger: Welding an already hardened part consequence: Studer says only strain hardened material can be hardened, and welded areas should not carry major mechanical stress once the material is hardened. severity: moderate source: studer-phynox-sba011 where: Heat treatment paragraph and Weldability paragraph side_effects: - text: Heat treatment in air forms a yellow oxide layer on the surface. affects: Surface finish; the datasheet says this does not change mechanical properties. source: studer-phynox-sba011 where: Heat treatment paragraph and Thermal treatment table footnote handling: - text: Anneal at 1050 C for 0.5 h and cool rapidly in air, gas or water. Stress relief cold rolled products before machining. source: studer-phynox-sba011 where: Thermal treatment table, row Annealing; Remarks - text: Harden at 480 to 540 C for 2 to 5 h, preferably under vacuum or in argon. Keep all heat treatments in a hydrogen free atmosphere. source: studer-phynox-sba011 where: Thermal treatment table, rows Hardening and Protective atmosphere - text: Machining is difficult. Studer gives a cutting speed of about 20 to 40 m/min, with moderate to strong feed. source: studer-phynox-sba011 where: Processing, Machining table - text: The alloy can be welded and soldered, but only strain hardened material can be hardened. source: studer-phynox-sba011 where: Weldability paragraph mitigations: - text: Heat treat under vacuum or in argon, so the surface does not form the yellow oxide layer. source: studer-phynox-sba011 where: Heat treatment paragraph uses: - application: mechanisms device: Helical and shaped springs example: Aperam lists shaped springs, helical springs and printer springs among the applications. Studer names springs and axles for the watch industry. source: aperam-phynox where: Applications list - application: electronics-and-chips device: Parts for satellite communications equipment example: The Elgiloy strip sheet lists satellite communications equipment among its applications. It names no satellite or mission. source: elgiloy-strip-sheet where: Introduction paragraph, Applications sentence - application: mechanisms device: Watch springs and axles example: Studer says Phynox is a popular material for springs and axles in the watch industry. source: studer-phynox-sba011 where: Technical main features, Properties and applications paragraph supply: - subject: Cobalt (40 percent nominal) producers: - country: Congo (Kinshasa) share_percent: 73 year: 2025 - country: Indonesia share_percent: 14 year: 2025 critical_lists: [] recycling: 'USGS: in 2025, cobalt content of purchased scrap represented 25 percent of estimated cobalt consumption. USGS says 51 percent of cobalt consumed in the United States went into superalloys, mainly for aircraft gas turbine engines.' substitutes: - 'USGS: depending on the application, substitution for cobalt could result in a loss in product performance or increased cost.' source: usgs-mcs2026-cobalt where: Events, Trends, and Issues (Congo 73 percent, Indonesia 14 percent); Domestic Production and Use; Recycling; Substitutes - subject: Chromium (20 percent nominal) producers: - country: South Africa share_percent: 45.1 year: 2025 - country: Turkey share_percent: 17.6 year: 2025 - country: Kazakhstan share_percent: 13.7 year: 2025 - country: India share_percent: 5.9 year: 2025 critical_lists: [] recycling: 'USGS: in 2025, recycled chromium in reported stainless steel scrap receipts accounted for 21 percent of apparent consumption.' substitutes: - 'USGS: chromium has no substitute in stainless steel, the leading end use, or in superalloys, the major strategic end use.' source: usgs-mcs2026-chromium where: World Mine Production and Reserves table, 2025e column (South Africa 23,000 t, Turkey 9,000 t, Kazakhstan 7,000 t, India 3,000 t, world total 51,000 t). Shares are calculated by Space Mushroom from those tonnages, since USGS does not print them. Recycling; Substitutes. - subject: Molybdenum (7 percent nominal) producers: - country: China share_percent: 37.3 year: 2025 - country: Chile share_percent: 16.2 year: 2025 - country: Peru share_percent: 15 year: 2025 - country: Mexico share_percent: 6.5 year: 2025 critical_lists: [] recycling: 'USGS: molybdenum is recycled as a component of catalysts, ferrous scrap and superalloy scrap. The USGS summary gives no recycled share for molybdenum.' substitutes: - 'USGS: there is little substitution for molybdenum in its major application in steels and cast irons. Potential substitutes in alloy steels include boron, chromium, niobium and vanadium.' source: usgs-mcs2026-molybdenum where: Events, Trends, and Issues (China, Chile, United States, Peru and Mexico account for 90 percent of world production); World Mine Production and Reserves table, 2025e column (China 97,000 t, Chile 42,000 t, Peru 39,000 t, Mexico 17,000 t, world total 260,000 t). Shares are calculated by Space Mushroom from those tonnages. Recycling; Substitutes. - subject: Nickel (16 percent nominal) producers: - country: Indonesia share_percent: 66.7 year: 2025 - country: Philippines share_percent: 6.9 year: 2025 - country: Russia share_percent: 5.1 year: 2025 critical_lists: [] recycling: 'USGS: most secondary nickel was in the form of nickel content of stainless steel scrap, and most recycled nickel was used to make new alloys.' substitutes: - 'USGS: low-nickel, duplex or ultrahigh-chromium stainless steels have been substituted for austenitic grades in some applications. Titanium alloys can substitute for nickel-base alloys in corrosive environments.' source: usgs-mcs2026-nickel where: World Mine Production and Reserves table, 2025e column (Indonesia 2,600,000 t, Philippines 270,000 t, Russia 200,000 t, world total 3,900,000 t). Shares are calculated by Space Mushroom from those tonnages. Recycling; Substitutes. Countries with smaller shares are left out. documents: - title: Studer-Biennaform, Phynox flat wire technical data sheet SBA-011, edition 2023/10 type: datasheet url: https://www.studersa.com/media/cms/Legierungen%20/%20Tech-Sheets/SBA%20-%20Tech%20Sheet%20/%20Werkstoffe/sba-011-tech-sheet-phynox.pdf year: 2023 - title: Elgiloy Specialty Metals, Elgiloy wire products data sheet type: datasheet url: https://www.combmet.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/05/Wire-Elgiloy-Alloy.pdf - title: Elgiloy Specialty Metals, Elgiloy strip products data sheet (dated 4/10/17) type: datasheet url: https://www.combmet.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/02/Strip-Elgiloy-Alloy-1.pdf year: 2017 - title: Aperam, PHYNOX product page with datasheet link type: datasheet url: https://www.aperam.com/product/phynox/ - title: 'PubChem: Cobalt (CID 104730), GHS classification summary' type: database url: https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/Cobalt - title: 'USGS Mineral Commodity Summaries 2026: Cobalt' type: report url: https://pubs.usgs.gov/periodicals/mcs2026/mcs2026-cobalt.pdf year: 2026 - title: 'USGS Mineral Commodity Summaries 2026: Chromium' type: report url: https://pubs.usgs.gov/periodicals/mcs2026/mcs2026-chromium.pdf year: 2026 - title: 'USGS Mineral Commodity Summaries 2026: Molybdenum' type: report url: https://pubs.usgs.gov/periodicals/mcs2026/mcs2026-molybdenum.pdf year: 2026 - title: 'USGS Mineral Commodity Summaries 2026: Nickel' type: report url: https://pubs.usgs.gov/periodicals/mcs2026/mcs2026-nickel.pdf year: 2026 - title: 'Wikipedia: Elgiloy, composition, specifications and trade names' type: database url: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elgiloy gaps: - No Phynox or Elgiloy safety data sheet was found. The hazard entries use the PubChem cobalt summary, which is for cobalt metal, not this alloy. - 'Melting point or melting range: not printed in any source read in this run.' - 'Elongation and hardness: not printed in the Studer or Elgiloy datasheets read. The Goodfellow comparison article prints values for these, but its tables cite no source, so they were not used.' - 'Corrosion rates in mils per year or mm per year, and pitting or crevice potentials: not printed in any source read. The corrosion ratings are the assistant''s grouping of the printed wording, not measured values.' - UNS R30008 is left out. Aperam and Studer list it with R30003, but it is a separate grade (ASTM F1058 grade 2) with its own composition, so it is not an alias. - 'Iron: Aperam prints 15 percent as the nominal value, while Studer and the Elgiloy sheets print iron as the balance. Both are recorded in the recipe.' - 'Young''s modulus at 20 C: the Studer datasheet prints 215 GPa for flat wire and the Elgiloy wire sheet prints 190 GPa for wire. Both are kept with their own source.' - 'Electrical resistivity at 20 C: Studer prints 95 uOhm.cm and the Elgiloy sheets print 99.6 uOhm.cm. Both are kept.' - 'Beryllium: the Elgiloy wire sheet gives a maximum of 0.1 percent, the strip sheet gives 0.10 percent, and the Studer table gives 0.001 percent. The values conflict, so beryllium is not listed in the recipe.' - Wikipedia gives an iron range of 11.3 to 20.5 percent that does not match the datasheets and is not used. Wikipedia is used for composition and trade names only. - The Matthey Phynox datasheet link returned an error and was not read. The Springer article on Elgiloy corrosion is behind a paywall and was not read. - The ASTM F1058 text itself was not read. The standard is cited only as a specification listed in the datasheets. - No ASTM, AMS or EN standard gives per-grade composition limits in the sources read beyond the datasheet ranges. - Critical-mineral list status for cobalt, chromium, molybdenum and nickel is not printed in the USGS text read, so critical_lists is empty. - No flight, spacecraft or launch-vehicle record, and no radiation, outgassing, atomic oxygen or vacuum data, was found in any source read in this run. - No image with a checked licence was opened, so the profile has no media entry. sources: studer-phynox-sba011: title: Studer-Biennaform (Notz Metal), Phynox flat wire technical data sheet, material 2.4711, SBA-011 id: edition 2023/10, printed on the sheet url: https://www.studersa.com/media/cms/Legierungen%20/%20Tech-Sheets/SBA%20-%20Tech%20Sheet%20/%20Werkstoffe/sba-011-tech-sheet-phynox.pdf year: 2023 kind: datasheet license: Manufacturer technical data sheet, informative only (cited, not reproduced) elgiloy-wire-sheet: title: Elgiloy Specialty Metals, Specialty Metals Wire Products, Elgiloy (UNS R30003, W.Nr 2.4711) url: https://www.combmet.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/05/Wire-Elgiloy-Alloy.pdf kind: datasheet license: Manufacturer data sheet (cited, not reproduced) elgiloy-strip-sheet: title: Elgiloy Specialty Metals, Specialty Metals Strip Products, Elgiloy (UNS R30003, W.Nr 2.4711) id: sheet dated 4/10/17 url: https://www.combmet.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/02/Strip-Elgiloy-Alloy-1.pdf year: 2017 kind: datasheet license: Manufacturer data sheet (cited, not reproduced) aperam-phynox: title: Aperam, PHYNOX product page (grade data, composition, applications) url: https://www.aperam.com/product/phynox/ kind: web license: Manufacturer web page (cited, not reproduced) wiki-elgiloy: title: Elgiloy, Wikipedia url: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elgiloy kind: database license: CC BY-SA (cited, not reproduced); used for composition ranges, specifications and trade names only pubchem-cobalt: title: PubChem, Cobalt (CID 104730), GHS classification (aggregated ECHA notifications) url: https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/Cobalt kind: database license: PubChem, public domain (cited, not reproduced) usgs-mcs2026-cobalt: title: 'Mineral Commodity Summaries 2026: Cobalt (U.S. Geological Survey)' url: https://pubs.usgs.gov/periodicals/mcs2026/mcs2026-cobalt.pdf year: 2026 kind: report license: public domain (USGS) usgs-mcs2026-chromium: title: 'Mineral Commodity Summaries 2026: Chromium (U.S. Geological Survey)' url: https://pubs.usgs.gov/periodicals/mcs2026/mcs2026-chromium.pdf year: 2026 kind: report license: public domain (USGS) usgs-mcs2026-molybdenum: title: 'Mineral Commodity Summaries 2026: Molybdenum (U.S. Geological Survey)' url: https://pubs.usgs.gov/periodicals/mcs2026/mcs2026-molybdenum.pdf year: 2026 kind: report license: public domain (USGS) usgs-mcs2026-nickel: title: 'Mineral Commodity Summaries 2026: Nickel (U.S. Geological Survey)' url: https://pubs.usgs.gov/periodicals/mcs2026/mcs2026-nickel.pdf year: 2026 kind: report license: public domain (USGS) license: CC-BY-4.0 updated: '2026-10-26' review: status: draft method: assistant checked_values: 22 unreachable: 2 caveats: 4 note: 'Values were read by an AI assistant on 2026-10-26 from the Studer SBA-011 datasheet, the Elgiloy wire and strip data sheets, the Aperam PHYNOX page, Wikipedia, PubChem and USGS MCS 2026. Caveats: the Studer and Elgiloy modulus and resistivity values differ and both are recorded; the hazard data are for cobalt metal; the corrosion ratings are assistant groupings of qualitative wording; the Matthey datasheet link was unreachable.' story: recipe: line: Phynox is a cobalt-base austenitic alloy of cobalt, chromium, nickel, molybdenum and iron, with manganese and a little carbon. Aperam gives the nominal composition as Co 40, Cr 20, Ni 16, Fe 15 and Mo 7 (weight percent). Studer describes the product as annealed at 1050 C and then cold worked and age hardened at 480 to 540 C for 2 to 5 h under vacuum or argon. The sources read here do not describe how the alloy is melted. parts: - name: Cobalt symbol: Co share_percent: 40 role: Main element. Aperam gives 40 percent as the nominal value, and Studer says the alloy contains 40 percent cobalt. - name: Chromium symbol: Cr share_percent: 20 role: Major element for corrosion resistance. The sources give it no separate role. - name: Nickel symbol: Ni share_percent: 16 role: Austenite former. Studer gives 16 percent; the Elgiloy sheets give a range of 14 to 18 percent. - name: Molybdenum symbol: Mo share_percent: 7 role: Alloying element. Studer gives 7 percent; the Elgiloy sheets give a range of 6 to 8 percent. - name: Iron symbol: Fe share_percent: 15 role: Nominal value from Aperam. Studer and the Elgiloy sheets list iron as the balance. - name: Manganese symbol: Mn role: Alloying element. The Elgiloy strip sheet prints a range only, and no nominal value is printed. - name: Carbon symbol: C role: Minor element. The Elgiloy sheets print a maximum only. risk_groups: - title: For people lead: No Phynox safety data sheet was found. The hazard data here are PubChem's cobalt summary, so they describe cobalt metal rather than this alloy. level: 1 verdict: Unverified for this alloy points: - label: Sensitisation line: PubChem's aggregated cobalt data lists H317 and H334, which mean an allergic skin reaction and allergy or breathing difficulties if inhaled. - label: Carcinogenicity and fertility line: The same summary lists H350 (may cause cancer), H360F (may damage fertility) and H341 (suspected of causing genetic defects). - label: Dust and fume line: No Phynox-specific fume statement was in the sources read. Studer says machining is difficult and slow. - title: If it fails lead: The failure routes in the sources are about welding after hardening and about reheating. The sources report no service failure in space. points: - label: Welding after hardening line: Only strain hardened material can be hardened, so welded areas should not carry major stress after hardening. - label: Corrosion line: The sources give qualitative corrosion resistance only, with no measured rate in seawater, acid or sour service. - title: Handling and storage points: - label: Heat treatment line: Anneal at 1050 C for 0.5 h, then harden at 480 to 540 C for 2 to 5 h, preferably under vacuum or argon. - label: Stress relief line: Stress relieve cold rolled products before machining. - label: Machining line: Machining is difficult. Use slow cutting speeds of about 20 to 40 m/min and moderate to strong feeds. why: Phynox is a non-magnetic cobalt alloy that the manufacturers describe as strong, tough and corrosion resistant. Aperam says cold rolled strip reaches up to 2500 MPa and that cold work alone can give more than 1800 MPa yield strength. The listed uses are springs, diaphragms, electrical apparatus, aerospace equipment, surgical implants and pacemaker electrodes. The sources read here give no spacecraft flight record. uses: - where: Springs line: Aperam lists helical, shaped and printer springs among the applications. - where: Satellite communications equipment line: The Elgiloy strip sheet lists satellite communications equipment among its applications, without naming a mission. - where: Watch springs and axles line: Studer says Phynox is a popular material for springs and axles in the watch industry. can_do: - label: Strength in cold rolled strip value: 2500 MPa benchmark: ultimate_tensile_strength line: Aperam gives up to 2500 MPa for cold rolled strip in the fully hardened condition. - label: Stiffness in the wire sheet value: 190 GPa benchmark: elastic_modulus line: The Elgiloy wire sheet gives 190 GPa at 20 C. Studer gives 215 GPa for flat wire at the same temperature. - label: Operating range value: '-184 to 454 C' benchmark: max_service_temp line: Both Elgiloy sheets give a suggested operating range of -300 to 850 F (-184 to 454 C) for all listed tempers. compare: Phynox and Elgiloy are the same alloy under two trade names. In the Elgiloy wire sheet the annealed tensile range is 120 to 150 ksi, and the spring temper and aged range is 260 to 330 ksi. The Elgiloy strip sheet gives up to 380 ksi for spring temper strip that is aged. The sheets come from one manufacturer, and the datasheet values are typical, not minimums, so read them as examples, not a ranking against other alloys. compare_rows: - label: Density benchmark: density - label: Thermal conductivity benchmark: thermal_conductivity - label: Thermal expansion benchmark: cte handling: - Anneal at 1050 C for 0.5 h, then harden at 480 to 540 C for 2 to 5 h under vacuum or argon. - Welding and soldering are possible, but welded areas should not carry major stress after hardening. - Machining is difficult, so use slow speeds and stress relieve cold rolled products before machining. good_for: - 'Springs and diaphragms: up to 2500 MPa in cold rolled strip, per Aperam.' - 'Non-magnetic parts: Studer says the alloy can be considered non-magnetic over the whole temperature range.' - 'Seawater and sour wells: the Elgiloy sheets say it is virtually immune to crevice and pitting attack in seawater and highly resistant to sulfide stress cracking.' watch_out: - 'Heat treatment in air: the surface forms a yellow oxide layer.' - 'No measured corrosion rates: the corrosion ratings rest on qualitative statements.' - 'Conflicting values: modulus and resistivity differ between the Studer and Elgiloy sheets.' - No Phynox-specific SDS, no flight record and no measured elongation or hardness were found in this run. verdict: Phynox is a strong, non-magnetic cobalt-base spring alloy, and the manufacturers' data support its use in springs, diaphragms and thin strip. The sources read here give qualitative corrosion resistance, no measured corrosion rates and no spacecraft flight record.