spore: profile
id: pek
spore_version: 0.2
family: high-performance-polymers
name: Polyetherketone
abbreviation: PEK
role: structural/insulating polymer
category: polymers
type: high-performance
summary: |
  PEK is a semi-crystalline aromatic polyether ketone (PAEK) with one ether link and one ketone link per repeat unit. Victrex sells it as the VICTREX HT line, which is PEK, not PEKK. The P22, P45 and G22 datasheets all give a glass transition midpoint of 160 °C and a melting temperature of 373 °C, and the G22 injection-moulding grade has a tensile modulus of 4300 MPa at 23 °C and a deflection temperature of 163 °C at 1.8 MPa. A 2024 open-access paper gives PEK melting at 365 °C and glass transition at 152 °C for a 50 % ketone fraction, against 335 °C and 141 °C for PEEK at 33 %. No atomic-oxygen, outgassing, UV or long-term heat-ageing number for PEK was read in this run.
best_for: Stiff, heat-tolerant thermoplastic parts that need about 4300 MPa tensile modulus at 23 °C and a deflection temperature of 163 °C (VICTREX HT G22)
weakest_at: Flexural strength at high temperature (32.0 MPa at 175 °C for G22, against 180 MPa at 23 °C), and no space-environment data
identity:
  formula: Poly(ether ketone), an aromatic repeat unit with one ether link and one ketone link (structure drawn in Table 1 of Shabaev et al.)
  source: shabaev2024
  where: Table 1, PEK structure with one ether and one ketone link per repeat unit; the VICTREX HT G22 datasheet describes the grade as unreinforced PolyEtherKetone (PEK)
  designations:
    - system: Trade name
      code: VICTREX HT P22
      source: victrex-ht-p22
      where: Page title and breadcrumb
    - system: Trade name
      code: VICTREX HT P45
      source: victrex-ht-p45
      where: Page title and breadcrumb
    - system: Trade name
      code: VICTREX HT G22
      source: victrex-ht-g22
      where: Page title and breadcrumb
    - system: Trade name
      code: VICTREX HT G45
      source: victrex-ht-g45
      where: Page title and breadcrumb
tags:
  environments: []
  stresses:
    - extreme-heat
  applications:
    - structures
    - electronics-and-chips
properties:
  - benchmark: density
    label: Density (crystalline), VICTREX HT P45
    value: 1.3
    unit: g/cm3
    scope: material
    conditions:
      grade: VICTREX HT P45 (coarse powder for extrusion compounding)
      test_standard: ISO 1183
      state: crystalline
    method: Value listed in the manufacturer's online datasheet
    status: ground
    note: The same 1.30 g/cm3 is printed for the P22, G22 and G45 grades.
    source: victrex-ht-p45
    where: Material Properties, Physical, Density (Crystalline) row
  - benchmark: elastic_modulus
    label: Tensile modulus, VICTREX HT G22
    value: 4300
    unit: MPa
    scope: material
    conditions:
      grade: VICTREX HT G22 (depth-filtered granules for injection moulding)
      test_standard: ISO 527-1
      temperature: 23 °C
    method: Value listed in the manufacturer's online datasheet
    status: ground
    source: victrex-ht-g22
    where: Mechanical, Tensile Modulus (23°C) row
  - benchmark: elastic_modulus
    label: Tensile modulus, VICTREX HT P22
    value: 4300
    unit: MPa
    scope: material
    conditions:
      grade: VICTREX HT P22 (coarse powder for extrusion compounding)
      test_standard: ISO 527-1
      temperature: 23 °C
    method: Value listed in the manufacturer's online datasheet
    status: ground
    source: victrex-ht-p22
    where: Mechanical, Tensile Modulus (23°C) row
  - benchmark: elastic_modulus
    label: Tensile modulus, VICTREX HT P45
    value: 4200
    unit: MPa
    scope: material
    conditions:
      grade: VICTREX HT P45 (coarse powder for extrusion compounding)
      test_standard: ISO 527-1
      temperature: 23 °C
    method: Value listed in the manufacturer's online datasheet
    status: ground
    source: victrex-ht-p45
    where: Mechanical, Tensile Modulus (23°C) row
  - benchmark: elastic_modulus
    label: Tensile modulus, VICTREX HT G45
    value: 4200
    unit: MPa
    scope: material
    conditions:
      grade: VICTREX HT G45 (depth-filtered granules, low flow, injection moulding)
      test_standard: ISO 527-1
      temperature: 23 °C
    method: Value listed in the manufacturer's online datasheet
    status: ground
    source: victrex-ht-g45
    where: Mechanical, Tensile Modulus (23°C) row
  - benchmark: yield_strength
    label: Tensile yield stress, VICTREX HT G22
    value: 115
    unit: MPa
    scope: material
    conditions:
      grade: VICTREX HT G22 (injection moulding granules)
      test_standard: ISO 527-2
      temperature: 23 °C
    method: Value listed in the manufacturer's online datasheet
    status: ground
    source: victrex-ht-g22
    where: Mechanical, Tensile Stress (Yield, 23°C) row
  - benchmark: yield_strength
    label: Tensile yield stress, VICTREX HT P22
    value: 100
    unit: MPa
    scope: material
    conditions:
      grade: VICTREX HT P22 (coarse powder for extrusion compounding)
      test_standard: ISO 527-2
      temperature: 23 °C
    method: Value listed in the manufacturer's online datasheet
    status: ground
    source: victrex-ht-p22
    where: Mechanical, Tensile Stress (Yield, 23°C) row
  - benchmark: yield_strength
    label: Tensile yield stress, VICTREX HT P45
    value: 100
    unit: MPa
    scope: material
    conditions:
      grade: VICTREX HT P45 (coarse powder for extrusion compounding)
      test_standard: ISO 527-2
      temperature: 23 °C
    method: Value listed in the manufacturer's online datasheet
    status: ground
    source: victrex-ht-p45
    where: Mechanical, Tensile Stress (Yield, 23°C) row
  - benchmark: yield_strength
    label: Tensile yield stress, VICTREX HT G45
    value: 110
    unit: MPa
    scope: material
    conditions:
      grade: VICTREX HT G45 (injection moulding granules, low flow)
      test_standard: ISO 527-2
      temperature: 23 °C
    method: Value listed in the manufacturer's online datasheet
    status: ground
    source: victrex-ht-g45
    where: Mechanical, Tensile Stress (Yield, 23°C) row
  - benchmark: elongation
    label: Elongation at break, VICTREX HT G22
    value: 15
    unit: '%'
    scope: material
    conditions:
      grade: VICTREX HT G22 (injection moulding granules)
      test_standard: ISO 527-2
      temperature: 23 °C
    method: Value listed in the manufacturer's online datasheet
    status: ground
    source: victrex-ht-g22
    where: Mechanical, Tensile Strain (Break, 23°C) row
  - benchmark: elongation
    label: Elongation at break, VICTREX HT P22
    value: 10
    unit: '%'
    scope: material
    conditions:
      grade: VICTREX HT P22 (coarse powder for extrusion compounding)
      test_standard: ISO 527-2
      temperature: 23 °C
    method: Value listed in the manufacturer's online datasheet
    status: ground
    source: victrex-ht-p22
    where: Mechanical, Tensile Strain (Break, 23°C) row
  - benchmark: elongation
    label: Elongation at break, VICTREX HT G45
    value: 20
    unit: '%'
    scope: material
    conditions:
      grade: VICTREX HT G45 (injection moulding granules, low flow)
      test_standard: ISO 527-2
      temperature: 23 °C
    method: Value listed in the manufacturer's online datasheet
    status: ground
    note: Elongation at break is 10 % for P22 and 15 % for G22 on the same kind of sheet, so the grade and form matter.
    source: victrex-ht-g45
    where: Mechanical, Tensile Strain (Break, 23°C) row
  - benchmark: flexural_modulus
    label: Flexural modulus, VICTREX HT G22
    value: 4000
    unit: MPa
    scope: material
    conditions:
      grade: VICTREX HT G22 (injection moulding granules)
      test_standard: ISO 178
      temperature: 23 °C
    method: Value listed in the manufacturer's online datasheet
    status: ground
    source: victrex-ht-g22
    where: Mechanical, Flexural Modulus (23°C) row
  - benchmark: flexural_strength
    label: Flexural stress, VICTREX HT P45
    value: 170
    unit: MPa
    scope: material
    conditions:
      grade: VICTREX HT P45 (coarse powder for extrusion compounding)
      test_standard: ISO 178
      temperature: 23 °C
    method: Value listed in the manufacturer's online datasheet
    status: ground
    source: victrex-ht-p45
    where: Mechanical, Flexural Stress (23°C) row
  - benchmark: flexural_strength
    label: Flexural stress at 175 °C, VICTREX HT G22
    value: 32
    unit: MPa
    scope: material
    conditions:
      grade: VICTREX HT G22 (injection moulding granules)
      test_standard: ISO 178
      temperature: 175 °C
      basis: printed under the 3.5 % strain heading in the sheet layout
    method: Value listed in the manufacturer's online datasheet
    status: ground
    note: The same sheet gives 180 MPa at 23 °C (a footnote marks it as the value at yield) and 105 MPa at 125 °C. Read the heading as printed; it is not confirmed as maximum strength.
    source: victrex-ht-g22
    where: Mechanical, Flexural Stress, 175°C row
  - benchmark: heat_deflection_temperature
    label: Deflection temperature under load, VICTREX HT G22
    value: 163
    unit: °C
    scope: material
    conditions:
      grade: VICTREX HT G22 (injection moulding granules)
      test_standard: ISO 75-2/Af, 1.8 MPa
      state: unannealed
    method: Value listed in the manufacturer's online datasheet
    status: ground
    source: victrex-ht-g22
    where: Thermal, Deflection Temperature Under Load (1.8 MPa, Unannealed) row
  - benchmark: glass_transition_temperature
    label: Glass transition temperature (midpoint), VICTREX HT P45
    value: 160
    unit: °C
    scope: material
    conditions:
      grade: VICTREX HT P45 (coarse powder for extrusion compounding)
      test_standard: ISO 11357-2
      point: midpoint
    method: Value listed in the manufacturer's online datasheet
    status: ground
    note: The onset on the same sheet is 152 °C. The P22, G22 and G45 sheets print the same onset and midpoint.
    source: victrex-ht-p45
    where: Thermal, Glass Transition Temperature, Midpoint row
  - benchmark: melting_point
    label: Melting temperature, VICTREX HT P45
    value: 373
    unit: °C
    scope: material
    conditions:
      grade: VICTREX HT P45 (coarse powder for extrusion compounding)
      test_standard: ISO 11357-3
    method: Value listed in the manufacturer's online datasheet
    status: ground
    note: The P22, G22 and G45 sheets print the same 373 °C melting temperature.
    source: victrex-ht-p45
    where: Thermal, Melting Temperature row
  - benchmark: thermal_conductivity
    label: Thermal conductivity (average), VICTREX HT G22
    value: 0.29
    unit: W/m/K
    scope: material
    conditions:
      grade: VICTREX HT G22 (injection moulding granules)
      test_standard: ISO 22007-4
      temperature: 23 °C
      direction: average
    method: Value listed in the manufacturer's online datasheet
    status: ground
    note: Along the flow direction the same sheet gives 0.32 W/m/K.
    source: victrex-ht-g22
    where: Thermal, Thermal Conductivity, 23°C average row
  - benchmark: cte
    label: Coefficient of linear thermal expansion (average, below 152 °C), VICTREX HT G22
    value: 55
    unit: ppm/K
    scope: material
    conditions:
      grade: VICTREX HT G22 (injection moulding granules)
      test_standard: ISO 11359-2
      temperature: below 152 °C
      direction: average
    method: Value listed in the manufacturer's online datasheet
    status: ground
    note: Above 152 °C the average CLTE is 130 ppm/K, and the flow-direction values are 45 and 75 ppm/K for below and above 152 °C.
    source: victrex-ht-g22
    where: Thermal, CLTE Average row
  - benchmark: specific_heat
    label: Specific heat capacity, VICTREX HT G45
    value: 2200
    unit: J/kg/°C
    scope: material
    conditions:
      grade: VICTREX HT G45 (injection moulding granules, low flow)
      method_detail: DSC
      temperature: 23 °C
    method: Value listed in the manufacturer's online datasheet
    status: ground
    source: victrex-ht-g45
    where: Thermal, Specific Heat (23°C) row
  - benchmark: moisture_absorption
    label: Water absorption at saturation, 23 °C, VICTREX HT G22
    value: 0.6
    unit: '%'
    scope: material
    conditions:
      grade: VICTREX HT G22 (injection moulding granules)
      test_standard: ISO 62
      temperature: 23 °C
      state: saturation
    method: Value listed in the manufacturer's online datasheet
    status: ground
    source: victrex-ht-g22
    where: Physical, Water Absorption Saturation (23°C) row
  - benchmark: moisture_absorption
    label: Water absorption at saturation, 100 °C, VICTREX HT G22
    value: 0.75
    unit: '%'
    scope: material
    conditions:
      grade: VICTREX HT G22 (injection moulding granules)
      test_standard: ISO 62
      temperature: 100 °C
      state: saturation
    method: Value listed in the manufacturer's online datasheet
    status: ground
    source: victrex-ht-g22
    where: Physical, Water Absorption Saturation (100°C) row
  - benchmark: dielectric_strength
    label: Dielectric strength (2.00 mm), VICTREX HT G22
    value: 23
    unit: kV/mm
    scope: material
    conditions:
      grade: VICTREX HT G22 (injection moulding granules)
      test_standard: IEC 60243-1
      thickness: 2.00 mm
    method: Value listed in the manufacturer's online datasheet
    status: ground
    note: The same sheet prints a comparative tracking index of 150 V (IEC 60112).
    source: victrex-ht-g22
    where: Electrical, Dielectric Strength (2.00 mm) row
  - benchmark: charpy_notched_impact
    label: Charpy notched impact strength (23 °C), VICTREX HT G22
    value: 3.8
    unit: kJ/m2
    scope: material
    conditions:
      grade: VICTREX HT G22 (injection moulding granules)
      test_standard: ISO 179/1eA
      temperature: 23 °C
    method: Value listed in the manufacturer's online datasheet
    status: ground
    source: victrex-ht-g22
    where: Impact, Charpy Notched Impact Strength (23°C) row
  - benchmark: notched_izod_impact_strength
    label: Notched Izod impact strength (23 °C), VICTREX HT P45
    value: 6.5
    unit: kJ/m2
    scope: material
    conditions:
      grade: VICTREX HT P45 (coarse powder for extrusion compounding)
      test_standard: ISO 180/A
      temperature: 23 °C
    method: Value listed in the manufacturer's online datasheet
    status: ground
    source: victrex-ht-p45
    where: Impact, Notched Izod Impact Strength (23°C) row
  - benchmark: melting_point
    label: Melting temperature, PEK with 50 % ketone groups
    value: 365
    unit: °C
    scope: material
    conditions:
      basis: PEK with 50 % of groups as ketone, PEK row of Table 2 of Shabaev et al.
      ketone_fraction_percent: 50
    method: Value tabulated in a 2024 open-access paper, compiled by the paper from its ref. 15
    status: ground
    source: shabaev2024
    where: Table 2, PEK row (50 % ketone groups)
  - benchmark: glass_transition_temperature
    label: Glass transition temperature, PEK with 50 % ketone groups
    value: 152
    unit: °C
    scope: material
    conditions:
      basis: PEK with 50 % of groups as ketone, PEK row of Table 2 of Shabaev et al.
      ketone_fraction_percent: 50
    method: Value tabulated in a 2024 open-access paper, compiled by the paper from its ref. 15
    status: ground
    source: shabaev2024
    where: Table 2, PEK row (50 % ketone groups)
  - benchmark: melting_point
    label: Melting temperature, PEEK with 33 % ketone groups
    value: 335
    unit: °C
    scope: material
    conditions:
      basis: PEEK with 33 % of groups as ketone, PEEK row of Table 2 of Shabaev et al.
      ketone_fraction_percent: 33
    method: Value tabulated in a 2024 open-access paper, compiled by the paper from its ref. 15
    status: ground
    source: shabaev2024
    where: Table 2, PEEK row (33 % ketone groups)
  - benchmark: glass_transition_temperature
    label: Glass transition temperature, PEEK with 33 % ketone groups
    value: 141
    unit: °C
    scope: material
    conditions:
      basis: PEEK with 33 % of groups as ketone, PEEK row of Table 2 of Shabaev et al.
      ketone_fraction_percent: 33
    method: Value tabulated in a 2024 open-access paper, compiled by the paper from its ref. 15
    status: ground
    source: shabaev2024
    where: Table 2, PEEK row (33 % ketone groups)
  - benchmark: melting_point
    label: Melting temperature, PEKK with 67 % ketone groups
    value: 391
    unit: °C
    scope: material
    conditions:
      basis: PEKK with 67 % of groups as ketone, PEKK row of Table 2 of Shabaev et al.
      ketone_fraction_percent: 67
    method: Value tabulated in a 2024 open-access paper, compiled by the paper from its ref. 15
    status: ground
    source: shabaev2024
    where: Table 2, PEKK row (67 % ketone groups)
  - benchmark: glass_transition_temperature
    label: Glass transition temperature, PEKK with 67 % ketone groups
    value: 165
    unit: °C
    scope: material
    conditions:
      basis: PEKK with 67 % of groups as ketone, PEKK row of Table 2 of Shabaev et al.
      ketone_fraction_percent: 67
    method: Value tabulated in a 2024 open-access paper, compiled by the paper from its ref. 15
    status: ground
    source: shabaev2024
    where: Table 2, PEKK row (67 % ketone groups)
sources:
  victrex-ht-p22:
    title: VICTREX HT POLYMER P22 datasheet, unreinforced PEK, coarse powder for extrusion compounding
    id: Victrex online datasheet, last updated 17 March 2026
    url: https://www.victrex.com/en/downloads/datasheets/victrex-ht-p22
    year: 2026
    kind: datasheet
    license: manufacturer document, linked not reproduced
  victrex-ht-p45:
    title: VICTREX HT POLYMER P45 datasheet, unreinforced PEK, coarse powder for extrusion compounding
    id: Victrex online datasheet, last updated 17 March 2026
    url: https://www.victrex.com/en/downloads/datasheets/victrex-ht-p45
    year: 2026
    kind: datasheet
    license: manufacturer document, linked not reproduced
  victrex-ht-g22:
    title: VICTREX HT POLYMER G22 datasheet, unreinforced PEK, depth filtered granules for injection moulding
    id: Victrex online datasheet, last updated 17 March 2026
    url: https://www.victrex.com/en/downloads/datasheets/victrex-ht-g22
    year: 2026
    kind: datasheet
    license: manufacturer document, linked not reproduced
  victrex-ht-g45:
    title: VICTREX HT POLYMER G45 datasheet, unreinforced PEK, depth filtered granules, low flow
    id: Victrex online datasheet, last updated 17 March 2026
    url: https://www.victrex.com/en/downloads/datasheets/victrex-ht-g45
    year: 2026
    kind: datasheet
    license: manufacturer document, linked not reproduced
  shabaev2024:
    title: Thermal transformation and mechanical properties of high-temperature-resistant matrix based polyetherketones
    id: doi:10.18149/MPM.5222024_13 (Materials Physics and Mechanics 52(2), 123-132)
    url: https://mpm.spbstu.ru/userfiles/files/13-A_S_-Shabaev%2C-et.pdf
    year: 2024
    kind: paper
    license: CC BY-NC 4.0
license: CC-BY-4.0
updated: '2026-10-26'
review:
  status: draft
  method: assistant
  checked_values: 32
  unreachable: 2
  caveats: 4
  note: Written by an AI assistant on 2026-10-26. Values come from four Victrex HT datasheets read as page text and from Table 2 of the Shabaev 2024 paper (PDF text). The Victrex HT safety data sheet, a PEK CAS number and any space-environment source were not found.
corrosion:
  - environment: Water vapour and immersion at 23 °C and 100 °C
    headline: PEK takes up 0.60 % water at saturation at 23 °C and 0.75 % at 100 °C.
    effect: Saturation water absorption is 0.60 % at 23 °C and 0.75 % at 100 °C (ISO 62, VICTREX HT G22). These are uptake figures; no wet-property or wet-ageing test was read in this run.
    rating: low
    conditions:
      grade: VICTREX HT G22
      test_standard: ISO 62
    source: victrex-ht-g22
    where: Physical, Water Absorption Saturation rows
  - environment: Heat over service life
    headline: No long-term heat-ageing test was read; the datasheets give short-term heat values only.
    effect: The G22 sheet gives flexural stress of 32.0 MPa at 175 °C and 16.0 MPa at 275 °C (ISO 178), and a deflection temperature of 163 °C at 1.8 MPa. These are short-term values, not ageing results.
    rating: unknown
    conditions:
      basis: short-term tests on datasheets
    source: victrex-ht-g22
    where: Mechanical, Flexural Stress rows; Thermal, Deflection Temperature Under Load row
  - environment: Ultraviolet light
    headline: No UV-ageing number for PEK was read in this run.
    effect: None of the four Victrex HT sheets prints a UV test, and the 2024 paper covers thermal behaviour only. UV and space exposure of PEK remain untested in this record.
    rating: unknown
    conditions:
      basis: no UV test printed in the datasheets read
    source: victrex-ht-g22
    where: Full sheet read; no UV row present
  - environment: Chemicals and solvents
    headline: Victrex describes chemical resistance in general terms only.
    effect: The G22 and G45 sheets say the grades are chemically resistant to aggressive environments and suitable for sterilisation for medical and food contact. No acid, base or solvent table was read.
    rating: unknown
    conditions:
      basis: product description only
    source: victrex-ht-g22
    where: Product description
risks:
  hazards: []
  failure_risks:
    - mode: Strength loss at elevated temperature
      trigger: Flexural loading at 175 °C (G22, ISO 178)
      consequence: Flexural stress at 175 °C is 32.0 MPa, against 180 MPa at 23 °C, so a loaded part should stay well below that temperature.
      severity: high
      source: victrex-ht-g22
      where: Mechanical, Flexural Stress rows
    - mode: Anisotropic shrinkage in moulded parts
      trigger: Injection moulding of G22 granules
      consequence: Mould shrinkage is 1.2 % across flow and 1.0 % along flow, and the CLTE differs between flow and average directions, so moulded parts need direction-specific allowance.
      severity: moderate
      source: victrex-ht-g22
      where: Molding Shrinkage rows; CLTE Flow rows
    - mode: Moisture uptake
      trigger: Immersion or humid storage
      consequence: Uptake is 0.60 % at saturation at 23 °C and 0.75 % at 100 °C, small but not zero; no wet-property data were read.
      severity: low
      source: victrex-ht-g22
      where: Physical, Water Absorption rows
  side_effects: []
  handling:
    - text: Dry before melt processing at 150 °C for 3 h or 120 °C for 5 h, to residual moisture below 0.02 %.
      source: victrex-ht-g22
      where: Injection Notes, drying line
    - text: 'G22 injection set points: rear 375 °C, middle 380 to 385 °C, front 390 °C, nozzle 395 °C, mould 190 to 215 °C.'
      source: victrex-ht-g22
      where: Typical Processing Information, Injection
    - text: 'G45 injection set points: rear 390 °C, middle 395 to 405 °C, front 410 °C, nozzle 415 °C, mould 200 to 220 °C.'
      source: victrex-ht-g45
      where: Typical Processing Information, Injection
  mitigations: []
uses:
  - application: structures
    device: Injection-moulded PEK parts from VICTREX HT G22 or G45 granules (product statement; no specific part named)
    example: The G22 sheet says the grade is for high strength and stiffness and good ductility at higher temperatures, and is suitable for sterilisation for medical and food contact.
    source: victrex-ht-g22
    where: Product description
  - application: electronics-and-chips
    device: Electrically insulating moulded PEK parts (datasheet properties only)
    example: The G22 sheet lists a dielectric strength of 23.0 kV/mm at 2.00 mm and a comparative tracking index of 150 V. No insulating part was tested in this run.
    source: victrex-ht-g22
    where: Electrical rows
supply:
  - subject: PEK polymer (VICTREX HT line)
    producers: []
    source: victrex-ht-g22
    where: VICTREX HT datasheets carry Victrex branding. No producer country, country shares or company location was read in this run.
documents:
  - title: VICTREX HT POLYMER P22 datasheet
    type: datasheet
    url: https://www.victrex.com/en/downloads/datasheets/victrex-ht-p22
    year: 2026
  - title: VICTREX HT POLYMER P45 datasheet
    type: datasheet
    url: https://www.victrex.com/en/downloads/datasheets/victrex-ht-p45
    year: 2026
  - title: VICTREX HT POLYMER G22 datasheet
    type: datasheet
    url: https://www.victrex.com/en/downloads/datasheets/victrex-ht-g22
    year: 2026
  - title: VICTREX HT POLYMER G45 datasheet
    type: datasheet
    url: https://www.victrex.com/en/downloads/datasheets/victrex-ht-g45
    year: 2026
  - title: Thermal transformation and mechanical properties of high-temperature-resistant matrix based polyetherketones (open access)
    type: paper
    url: https://mpm.spbstu.ru/userfiles/files/13-A_S_-Shabaev%2C-et.pdf
    year: 2024
gaps:
  - No Victrex HT safety data sheet was read. The only Victrex SDS found covers PEEK, so hazards is empty and no hazard class is claimed for PEK.
  - No CAS number or PubChem record for PEK was read, so identity has no cas field.
  - Monomer formulas, monomer supply and the manufacturing route were not read; the recipe uses the repeat-unit description only.
  - No producer country, country shares, feedstock or critical-mineral listing for PEK was found; the Victrex company page was not reachable in this run.
  - No atomic-oxygen, outgassing (ECSS), vacuum, radiation or flight result for PEK was found. The search returned PEEK and PEKK results only.
  - No UV-ageing or long-term heat-ageing number for PEK was read.
  - The G22 flexural stress rows at 125, 175 and 275 degC sit under a 3.5 % strain heading in the sheet layout, and the 180 MPa at 23 degC is footnoted as the value at yield. Read as printed; the heading is not confirmed as maximum strength.
  - Victrex HT 22GL30 (glass-fibre reinforced) is listed on Victrex's site but its datasheet was not read, so it is not used as a neat-PEK value.
  - charpy_notched_impact and notched_izod_impact_strength are not canonical names in property-canon.yaml; they are kept as snake_case names.
  - 'Volume resistivity (1.0E+16 ohms cm on the G22 sheet) and the glow-wire index (960 degC) are left out: the volume resistivity is in E-notation, and the glow-wire index has no canonical name.'
  - The Shabaev PEK, PEEK and PEKK rows are literature values compiled by that paper from its ref. 15, not measured by the authors; the PEK 57 percent ketone row prints melting as 374 (416), so it is not used.
  - No PEK-specific Wikipedia article was found, so Wikipedia is not used as a source.
  - Victrex PEEK 450G values were not re-read in this run, so no same-run PEEK datasheet comparison is made; the PEEK comparison uses the Shabaev Table 2 PEEK row only.
story:
  recipe:
    line: PEK is an aromatic polyether ketone. Each repeat unit carries one ether link and one ketone link between aromatic rings, which keeps the chain stiff. The VICTREX HT grades are unreinforced PEK, supplied as coarse powder (P grades, for extrusion compounding) or depth-filtered granules (G grades, for injection moulding). The monomers and the manufacturing route were not read in this run.
    parts:
      - name: Ether link
        symbol: O
        role: Aryl ether link in each repeat unit; one ether link per unit distinguishes PEK from PEEK.
      - name: Ketone link
        symbol: CO
        role: Carbonyl link; more ketone links raise melting and glass transition temperatures (Table 2 of Shabaev et al.).
      - name: Aromatic ring
        symbol: C6H4
        role: Phenylene unit linking the ether and ketone groups.
  risk_groups:
    - title: For people
      level: 0
      verdict: Not classified in the sources read
      lead: No Victrex HT safety data sheet was read, so no hazard classification is claimed for PEK.
      points:
        - label: Resin and dust
          line: Handle the powder and granules as dust-generating material and keep dust low during processing. No dust or toxicology data for PEK were read.
        - label: Melt
          line: The G22 nozzle is set at 395 °C and the G45 nozzle at 415 °C, so hot polymer and fume are a concern. No fume data were read.
    - title: If a part fails
      lead: These results come from datasheet tests on moulded specimens, not from failures of finished parts.
      points:
        - label: Heat
          line: The G22 sheet gives 32.0 MPa flexural stress at 175 °C, against 180 MPa at 23 °C, so a loaded part should stay well below that temperature.
        - label: Shrinkage
          line: Mould shrinkage is 1.2 % across flow and 1.0 % along flow for G22, so moulded parts need a design allowance for direction.
    - title: Handling and storage
      points:
        - label: Drying
          line: Dry before processing at 150 °C for 3 h or 120 °C for 5 h, to residual moisture below 0.02 %.
        - label: Storage
          line: No storage-life statement was read for the HT grades. Keep the material sealed so it does not take up moisture before drying.
  why: 'PEK is a semi-crystalline PAEK thermoplastic, the same chemical family as PEEK and PEKK. Its repeat unit has one ether link and one ketone link, against two ether links for PEEK. More ketone links raise the melting point and glass transition temperature: in the Shabaev table PEK at 50 % ketone melts at 365 °C and PEEK at 33 % melts at 335 °C. Victrex makes PEK as the HT line, and its datasheets give a glass transition midpoint of 160 °C and a melting temperature of 373 °C.'
  uses:
    - where: Injection-moulded structural parts
      line: Victrex describes G22 and G45 for high strength and stiffness with good ductility at higher temperatures. The datasheet names no specific part, and no part-level test was read.
    - where: Electrical insulation
      line: The G22 sheet prints a dielectric strength of 23.0 kV/mm at 2.00 mm and a comparative tracking index of 150 V.
  can_do:
    - label: Stiffness
      value: 4300 MPa
      line: The G22 and P22 grades have a tensile modulus of 4300 MPa at 23 °C, and P45 and G45 have 4200 MPa, all from ISO 527-1 datasheet values.
    - label: Heat
      value: 163 °C deflection temperature
      line: G22 has a deflection temperature under load of 163 °C at 1.8 MPa and a melting temperature of 373 °C. Flexural strength falls well before the melt, as the 175 °C value shows.
    - label: Yield strength
      value: 115 MPa
      line: G22 yield stress is 115 MPa at 23 °C in ISO 527-2 tension.
  compare: 'Against PEEK, the Shabaev Table 2 gives PEK at 50 % ketone a melting point of 365 °C and glass transition of 152 °C, against 335 °C and 141 °C for PEEK at 33 % ketone. Against PEKK, PEK is lower again: PEKK at 67 % ketone melts at 391 °C with a glass transition of 165 °C. The Victrex HT tensile moduli of 4200 to 4300 MPa and yield stresses of 100 to 115 MPa are datasheet nominal values. No PEEK datasheet value from the same run is used here.'
  compare_rows:
    - label: Density
      benchmark: density
    - label: Melting point
      benchmark: melting_point
    - label: Tensile modulus
      benchmark: elastic_modulus
  handling:
    - Dry before melt processing at 150 °C for 3 h or 120 °C for 5 h, to residual moisture below 0.02 %.
    - Use the G22 injection set points for melt and mould temperature; G45 runs hotter, with a 415 °C nozzle.
    - Do not use datasheet numbers as design values for printed or extruded parts without test data.
  good_for:
    - Stiffness at temperature. G22 has a tensile modulus of 4300 MPa at 23 °C and a deflection temperature of 163 °C.
    - Injection moulding. G22 and G45 granules have a printed set of processing conditions.
    - Electrical insulation. A dielectric strength of 23.0 kV/mm at 2.00 mm.
  watch_out:
    - High-temperature strength. Flexural stress is 32.0 MPa at 175 °C against 180 MPa at 23 °C.
    - No space data. No atomic-oxygen, outgassing, UV or ageing number for PEK was read.
    - Grade differences. Elongation at break is 10 % for P22, 15 % for G22 and 20 % for G45 on the Victrex sheets.
  verdict: PEK, as Victrex's HT line, is a stiff, heat-tolerant semi-crystalline thermoplastic with datasheet values near 4300 MPa modulus, a glass transition of 160 °C and a melting temperature of 373 °C. The record has no space-ageing data and no hazard classification, so treat any orbital or hazardous use as untested.