spore: profile
id: pc-gf-lexan-3412r
spore_version: 0.2
family: engineering-polymers
name: Polycarbonate, glass fibre reinforced (LEXAN 3412R 20% and LEXAN 3413R 30%)
abbreviation: GF-PC
role: stiff, heat-resistant glass-filled polycarbonate for structural housings and electronics enclosures
category: composites
type: glass-fiber-reinforced
status: draft
author: assistant
summary: |
  LEXAN 3412R is a SABIC polycarbonate printed as "Glass Fiber Reinforcement, 20% Filler by Weight", sold with an internal mould release for injection moulding. The IDES datasheet for 3412R prints a density of 1.35 g/cm3, a flexural modulus of 5520 MPa, a Vicat softening temperature of 166 °C and a heat deflection temperature of 146 °C at 1.8 MPa. The LEXAN 3413R grade, which a distributor describes as "a 30% glass reinforced polycarbonate", is listed with a specific gravity of 1.43 and a heat deflection temperature of 303 °F at 66 psi. Both values sets are typical datasheet values, not specification limits, and no in-orbit flight result was found for either grade.
best_for: 'Stiff, heat-resistant injection-moulded housings: a 5520 MPa flexural modulus and a 146 °C heat deflection temperature at 1.8 MPa for the 3412R grade (IDES datasheet)'
weakest_at: 'Notched impact and elongation: a notched Izod impact of 110 J/m and an elongation at break of 5.0 % for the 3412R (IDES datasheet), and no space ageing data for either grade'
identity:
  formula: Bisphenol-A polycarbonate reinforced with glass fibre; polycarbonate repeat unit (C16H14O3)n (Wikipedia, Polycarbonate, photo-ageing equation)
  source: ides-lexan-3412r
  where: Title line 'LEXAN* 3412R Resin, Polycarbonate, SABIC Innovative Plastics' and product description 'Glass Fiber Reinforcement, 20% Filler by Weight'; repeat unit from wiki-polycarbonate
  designations:
    - system: Trade name
      code: LEXAN* 3412R
      source: ides-lexan-3412r
      where: Title line of the datasheet, printed as LEXAN* 3412R Resin
    - system: Trade name
      code: LEXAN 3413R
      source: trident-3413r
      where: Product name line, printed as Lexan 3413R 739 Black GF30 PC Pellets
tags:
  stresses: []
  applications:
    - structures
    - electronics-and-chips
properties:
  - benchmark: density
    label: Specific gravity (density), LEXAN 3412R 20 % glass
    value: 1.35
    unit: g/cm3
    scope: material
    conditions:
      grade: LEXAN 3412R, 20 % glass fibre by weight
      temperature: not printed
    method: ASTM D792, printed in the Physical table
    status: ground
    source: ides-lexan-3412r
    where: Physical table, Specific Gravity row (the row lists 1.35 g/cm³ in the SI column)
  - benchmark: melt_flow_rate
    label: Melt mass-flow rate, LEXAN 3412R
    value: 4.3
    unit: g/10 min
    scope: material
    conditions:
      temperature: 300 °C
      load: 1.2 kg
      grade: LEXAN 3412R
    method: ASTM D1238, printed in the Physical table
    status: ground
    source: ides-lexan-3412r
    where: Physical table, row 'Melt Mass-Flow Rate (MFR) (300°C/1.2 kg)'
  - benchmark: water_absorption
    label: Water absorption at equilibrium, LEXAN 3412R
    value: 0.29
    unit: '%'
    scope: material
    conditions:
      temperature: 23 °C (73 °F)
      condition: equilibrium
      grade: LEXAN 3412R
    method: ASTM D570, printed in the Physical table
    status: ground
    source: ides-lexan-3412r
    where: Physical table, Water Absorption, Equilibrium row
  - benchmark: ultimate_tensile_strength
    label: Tensile strength at break, LEXAN 3412R
    value: 110
    unit: MPa
    scope: material
    conditions:
      grade: LEXAN 3412R
      specimen: Type I
      speed: 5.0 mm/min
    method: ASTM D638, printed in the Mechanical table (Tensile Strength, Break)
    status: ground
    source: ides-lexan-3412r
    where: Mechanical table, row Tensile Strength (Break); note 2 gives Type I, 0.20 in/min (5.0 mm/min)
  - benchmark: elongation
    label: Tensile elongation at break, LEXAN 3412R
    value: 5
    unit: '%'
    scope: material
    conditions:
      grade: LEXAN 3412R
      specimen: Type I
      speed: 5.0 mm/min
    method: ASTM D638, printed in the Mechanical table
    status: ground
    source: ides-lexan-3412r
    where: Mechanical table, row Tensile Elongation (Break)
  - benchmark: flexural_modulus
    label: Flexural modulus, LEXAN 3412R
    value: 5520
    unit: MPa
    scope: material
    conditions:
      grade: LEXAN 3412R
      span: 50.0 mm (1.97 in)
      speed: 1.3 mm/min
    method: ASTM D790, printed in the Mechanical table
    status: ground
    source: ides-lexan-3412r
    where: Mechanical table, row Flexural Modulus (1.97 in (50.0 mm) Span); note 3 gives 0.051 in/min (1.3 mm/min)
  - benchmark: flexural_strength
    label: Flexural strength at yield, LEXAN 3412R
    value: 131
    unit: MPa
    scope: material
    conditions:
      grade: LEXAN 3412R
      span: 50.0 mm (1.97 in)
      type: yield
    method: ASTM D790, printed in the Mechanical table
    status: ground
    source: ides-lexan-3412r
    where: Mechanical table, Flexural Strength, Yield row
  - benchmark: izod_impact
    label: Notched Izod impact strength, LEXAN 3412R
    value: 110
    unit: J/m
    scope: material
    conditions:
      grade: LEXAN 3412R
      temperature: 23 °C
    method: ASTM D256, printed in the Impact table
    status: ground
    source: ides-lexan-3412r
    where: Impact table, row Notched Izod Impact (73°F (23°C))
  - benchmark: heat_deflection_temperature
    label: Deflection temperature under load at 0.45 MPa, LEXAN 3412R
    value: 149
    unit: °C
    scope: material
    conditions:
      grade: LEXAN 3412R
      stress: 0.45 MPa (66 psi)
      specimen: 6.40 mm, unannealed
    method: ASTM D648, printed in the Thermal table
    status: ground
    source: ides-lexan-3412r
    where: Thermal table, Deflection Temperature Under Load, 66 psi (0.45 MPa) row
  - benchmark: heat_deflection_temperature
    label: Deflection temperature under load at 1.8 MPa, LEXAN 3412R
    value: 146
    unit: °C
    scope: material
    conditions:
      grade: LEXAN 3412R
      stress: 1.8 MPa (264 psi)
      specimen: 6.40 mm, unannealed
    method: ASTM D648, printed in the Thermal table
    status: ground
    source: ides-lexan-3412r
    where: Thermal table, Deflection Temperature Under Load, 264 psi (1.8 MPa) row
  - benchmark: vicat_softening_temperature
    label: Vicat softening temperature, LEXAN 3412R
    value: 166
    unit: °C
    scope: material
    conditions:
      grade: LEXAN 3412R
      load: 50 N
      heating_rate: 120 °C/h (Rate B)
    method: ASTM D1525, printed in the Thermal table
    status: ground
    source: ides-lexan-3412r
    where: Thermal table, row Vicat Softening Temperature; note 5
  - benchmark: cte
    label: Coefficient of linear thermal expansion (flow), LEXAN 3412R
    value: 0.000027
    unit: cm/cm/°C
    scope: material
    conditions:
      grade: LEXAN 3412R
      temperature_range: '-40 to 95 °C'
    method: ASTM E831, printed in the Thermal table (SI column)
    status: ground
    source: ides-lexan-3412r
    where: Thermal table, CLTE - Flow row
  - benchmark: specific_heat
    label: Specific heat, LEXAN 3412R
    value: 1170
    unit: J/kg/°C
    scope: material
    conditions:
      grade: LEXAN 3412R
      temperature: not printed
    method: ASTM C351, printed in the Thermal table
    status: ground
    source: ides-lexan-3412r
    where: Thermal table, Specific Heat row
  - benchmark: thermal_conductivity
    label: Thermal conductivity, LEXAN 3412R
    value: 0.21
    unit: W/m/K
    scope: material
    conditions:
      grade: LEXAN 3412R
      temperature: not printed
    method: ASTM C177, printed in the Thermal table
    status: ground
    source: ides-lexan-3412r
    where: Thermal table, Thermal Conductivity row
  - benchmark: dielectric_strength
    label: Dielectric strength, LEXAN 3412R
    value: 19
    unit: kV/mm
    scope: material
    conditions:
      grade: LEXAN 3412R
      thickness: 0.126 in (3.20 mm)
      medium: in air
    method: ASTM D149, printed in the Electrical table
    status: ground
    source: ides-lexan-3412r
    where: Electrical table, Dielectric Strength row (SI column 19 kV/mm)
  - benchmark: dielectric_constant
    label: Dielectric constant at 50 Hz, LEXAN 3412R
    value: 3.17
    unit: '-'
    scope: material
    conditions:
      grade: LEXAN 3412R
      frequency: 50 Hz
    method: ASTM D150, printed in the Electrical table
    status: ground
    source: ides-lexan-3412r
    where: Electrical table, Dielectric Constant, 50 Hz row
  - benchmark: dissipation_factor
    label: Dissipation factor at 50 Hz, LEXAN 3412R
    value: 0.0009
    unit: '-'
    scope: material
    conditions:
      grade: LEXAN 3412R
      frequency: 50 Hz
    method: ASTM D150, printed in the Electrical table
    status: ground
    source: ides-lexan-3412r
    where: Electrical table, Dissipation Factor, 50 Hz row
  - benchmark: specific_gravity
    label: Specific gravity, LEXAN 3413R 30 % glass (distributor listing)
    value: 1.43
    unit: '-'
    scope: material
    conditions:
      grade: LEXAN 3413R, 30 % glass fibre
      test: not printed on the page
    method: Value printed on the distributor page with no unit or test method
    status: ground
    source: trident-3413r
    where: Product data table, row Specific Gravity (grade 3413R 30% GF)
  - benchmark: water_absorption
    label: Water absorption at 24 hours, LEXAN 3413R 30 % glass (distributor listing)
    value: 0.14
    unit: '%'
    scope: material
    conditions:
      grade: LEXAN 3413R, 30 % glass fibre
      condition: 24 hours
      test: not printed on the page
    method: Value printed on the distributor page; no test standard printed
    status: ground
    source: trident-3413r
    where: Product data table, row Water Absorption - 24 hrs (printed as .14 %)
  - benchmark: melt_flow_rate
    label: Melt mass-flow rate, LEXAN 3413R 30 % glass (distributor listing)
    value: 5
    unit: g/10min
    scope: material
    conditions:
      grade: LEXAN 3413R, 30 % glass fibre
      temperature_load: not printed on the page
    method: Value printed on the distributor page; no test standard printed
    status: ground
    source: trident-3413r
    where: Product data table, row Melt Mass-Flow Rate (MFR)
  - benchmark: heat_deflection_temperature
    label: Heat deflection temperature at 66 psi, LEXAN 3413R 30 % glass (distributor listing)
    value: 303
    unit: °F
    scope: material
    conditions:
      grade: LEXAN 3413R, 30 % glass fibre
      stress: 66 psi
    method: Value printed on the distributor page; no test standard printed
    status: ground
    source: trident-3413r
    where: Product data table, row Heat Deflection Temperature at 66 psi (printed as 303 ºF)
  - benchmark: heat_deflection_temperature
    label: Heat deflection temperature at 264 psi, LEXAN 3413R 30 % glass (distributor listing)
    value: 294
    unit: °F
    scope: material
    conditions:
      grade: LEXAN 3413R, 30 % glass fibre
      stress: 264 psi
    method: Value printed on the distributor page; no test standard printed
    status: ground
    source: trident-3413r
    where: Product data table, row Heat Deflection Temperature at 264 psi (printed as 294 ºF)
  - benchmark: dielectric_strength
    label: Dielectric strength, LEXAN 3413R 30 % glass (distributor listing)
    value: 475
    unit: V/mil
    scope: material
    conditions:
      grade: LEXAN 3413R, 30 % glass fibre
      thickness: not printed on the page
    method: Value printed on the distributor page; no test standard printed
    status: ground
    source: trident-3413r
    where: Product data table, row Dielectric Strength (printed as 475 V/mil)
checked_values: 23
corrosion:
  - environment: Humid air or water immersion (moisture uptake, not hydrolysis tested)
    headline: The 3412R datasheet prints an equilibrium water absorption of 0.29 % at 23 °C, so moisture uptake is small but not zero.
    effect: Moisture uptake changes stiffness and dimensions slightly. The IDES printout gives 0.29 % at equilibrium at 23 °C (ASTM D570). No humidity ageing or hydrolysis test on this grade was found.
    rating: low
    conditions:
      exposure: 24 hours and equilibrium at 23 °C (ASTM D570)
      grade: LEXAN 3412R
    source: ides-lexan-3412r
    where: Physical table, Water Absorption rows (24 hr and Equilibrium, 73°F (23°C))
  - environment: Elevated temperature in air (dry thermal ageing of a glass-fibre polycarbonate, not this grade)
    headline: A 2022 study aged a glass-fibre polycarbonate in air at the temperatures its abstract lists, and the colour and mechanical results were not read in full in this run.
    effect: The Lan et al. 2022 abstract states 'aged at 85 °C, 100 °C, 115 °C, 130 °C and 145 °C', and the Methods state 'for 8 h under air atmosphere' for a composite described as 'about 40% glass fibre by volume'.The colour and mechanical results were not read in full in this run, so no ageing rate is recorded here.
    rating: unknown
    conditions:
      exposure: 8 h in air at 85 to 145 °C
      material: glass-fibre polycarbonate composite, about 40 % glass fibre by volume (a different composite from LEXAN 3412R)
    source: lan2022-gfpc
    where: Abstract and Methods (ageing conditions); introduction names humidity and UV as threats without numbers
risks:
  hazards:
    - text: 'PubChem reports for bisphenol A (CID 6623), the monomer: H317 (99.9%) may cause an allergic skin reaction, H318 (99.9%) causes serious eye damage, H335 (99.3%) may cause respiratory irritation, H360 (19.4%) may damage fertility or the unborn child and H361 (78%) is suspected of damaging fertility or the unborn child, with signal word Danger. These describe the monomer, not the polymer.'
      ghs:
        - H317
        - H318
        - H335
        - H360
        - H361
      source: pubchem-bpa
      where: Safety and Hazards, GHS Classification, aggregated notifications (JSON export of CID 6623)
    - text: 'Silica, PubChem CID 24261 (a generic silicon dioxide record, used here only as a stand-in for the silica in glass fibre and not a hazard statement for the glass-fibre grade): PubChem aggregated GHS lists H315 (56.3%) causes skin irritation, H319 (56.3%) causes serious eye irritation and H335 (56.3%) may cause respiratory irritation, with signal word Warning.'
      ghs:
        - H315
        - H319
        - H335
      source: pubchem-silica
      where: Safety and Hazards, GHS Classification, aggregated notifications (JSON export of CID 24261)
    - text: No safety data sheet for LEXAN 3412R or LEXAN 3413R was found in this run. A SABIC SDS search returned no SDS for the 3412R grade, so the grade is not classed here.
      ghs: []
      source: ides-lexan-3412r
      where: Datasheet has no hazard section; no SDS printed on the page
  failure_risks:
    - mode: Softening under sustained load above the heat deflection temperature
      trigger: Load applied at a temperature close to the heat deflection temperature
      consequence: The 3412R datasheet prints a heat deflection temperature of 146 °C at 1.8 MPa, so a loaded housing close to that temperature loses stiffness. The printed values are typical, not specification limits.
      severity: moderate
      source: ides-lexan-3412r
      where: Thermal table, Deflection Temperature Under Load rows; note 1 (typical properties, not specifications)
  handling:
    - text: Dry the pellets before moulding. The IDES injection table gives a drying temperature and time and a suggested maximum moisture content.
      source: ides-lexan-3412r
      where: Injection table (Drying Temperature, Drying Time, Drying Time Maximum, Suggested Max Moisture)
    - text: Ask the supplier for the current SDS and product data sheet for the grade and colour, since the IDES printout is from 2011 and the distributor page is undated.
      source: trident-3413r
      where: Product data page (no SDS link printed)
uses:
  - application: structures
    device: Injection-moulded structural housings
    example: IDES describes 3412R as '20% GR, provides improved mechanical properties and UL94 V-1 rated at 0.058", with internal mould release added' for injection moulding.
    source: ides-lexan-3412r
    where: Product Description and Processing Method rows
  - application: electronics-and-chips
    device: Electrical insulation parts (3412R)
    example: The IDES datasheet prints a dielectric strength of 19 kV/mm and a dielectric constant of 3.17 at 50 Hz for LEXAN 3412R.
    source: ides-lexan-3412r
    where: Electrical table, Dielectric Strength and Dielectric Constant rows
  - application: structures
    device: Black glass-filled pellets for housings (3413R 30 % glass)
    example: The distributor sells Lexan 3413R 739 Black GF30 PC Pellets, a glass reinforced polycarbonate with a UL 94 flammability rating listed by thickness (V1 and V0).
    source: trident-3413r
    where: Product name line and Flammability row
supply:
  - subject: Bisphenol A and phosgene (polycarbonate feedstock)
    abundance: not stated in the sources read
    producers: []
    critical_lists: []
    recycling: Not stated in the sources read for this profile.
    substitutes: []
    source: wiki-polycarbonate
    where: 'Production section: ''produced by the reaction of bisphenol A (BPA) and phosgene (COCl2)''; alternative route from BPA and diphenyl carbonate'
  - subject: Boron (E-glass feedstock)
    abundance: not stated in the sources read
    producers:
      - country: Turkey
        production: 1500
        unit: thousand t
        year: 2025
        note: refined borates, USGS Production-All forms table
      - country: Chile
        production: 300
        unit: thousand t
        year: 2025
        note: ulexite, USGS Production-All forms table
      - country: China
        production: 230
        unit: thousand t
        year: 2025
        note: boric oxide equivalent, USGS Production-All forms table
    critical_lists:
      - list: USGS 2025 critical minerals list (the boron chapter states that boron was added to the list)
        listed: true
    recycling: Not stated in the USGS boron chapter read for this profile.
    substitutes: []
    source: usgs-mcs2026-boron
    where: 'Production table (Data in thousand metric tons unless otherwise specified; world total printed as XX so no share is calculated); Domestic Production and Use; Critical minerals paragraph. E-glass share of boron use: Wikipedia Fiberglass, which calls E-glass ''the single largest consumer of boron minerals globally''.'
media: []
documents:
  - title: LEXAN 3412R Resin, IDES Prospector datasheet (last updated 7/7/2011), PDF hosted by Protolabs
    type: datasheet
    url: https://Protolabs.com/media/qu5np0sl/lexan-3412r.pdf
    year: 2011
  - title: Lexan 3413R 739 Black GF30 PC pellets, distributor product page (Trident Plastics, item 1612R-10B)
    type: datasheet
    url: https://plastics.tridentplastics.com/item/resins/egories-resins-lexan-3412r-20-gf-pc-resin-pellets1/1613r
    year: 2026
  - title: 'PubChem: Bisphenol A (CID 6623), GHS classification (JSON export)'
    type: database
    url: https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/rest/pug_view/data/compound/6623/JSON?heading=GHS+Classification
    year: 2026
  - title: 'PubChem: Silica (CID 24261), GHS classification (JSON export; generic silicon dioxide record)'
    type: database
    url: https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/rest/pug_view/data/compound/24261/JSON?heading=GHS+Classification
    year: 2026
  - title: 'USGS Mineral Commodity Summaries 2026: Boron'
    type: report
    url: https://pubs.usgs.gov/periodicals/mcs2026/mcs2026-boron.pdf
    year: 2026
gaps:
  - No SDS or hazard data for LEXAN 3412R or LEXAN 3413R was found; the hazards entry uses the monomer bisphenol A from PubChem and says so.
  - The IDES datasheet is an old printout (last updated 7/7/2011) and the 3413R values come from a distributor page with no test methods; no SABIC datasheet for either grade was opened in this run.
  - The 3413R values are printed with an N/A prefix on the distributor page, and that page gives no test standard, temperature or thickness for most rows.
  - No UV, humidity or hydrolysis ageing test on a glass-filled polycarbonate was read in full in this run; an EBSCO page on UV weathering of glass-fibre PC/ABS could not be opened.
  - No space, vacuum, radiation, atomic-oxygen or outgassing result for glass-filled polycarbonate was found.
  - Only the IDES printout gives an unnotched Izod value, UL 94 flame ratings by thickness and a volume resistivity printed in exponent form; none of these is recorded as a property.
  - Glass fibre supply (silica and E-glass producers) with a shares-based table was not found in a USGS chapter read in this run; the USGS silicon chapter read does not mention glass fibre.
  - The 3413R distributor page URL names 3412R but the page itself describes 3413R; values are recorded as 3413R.
sources:
  ides-lexan-3412r:
    title: LEXAN 3412R Resin, Polycarbonate, SABIC Innovative Plastics (IDES Prospector datasheet, printed copy)
    id: IDES, last updated 7/7/2011
    url: https://Protolabs.com/media/qu5np0sl/lexan-3412r.pdf
    year: 2011
    kind: datasheet
    license: IDES copyright; cited, not reproduced
  trident-3413r:
    title: Lexan 3413R 739 Black GF30 PC Pellets, distributor product page (Trident Plastics)
    id: 'Item # 1612R-10B'
    url: https://plastics.tridentplastics.com/item/resins/egories-resins-lexan-3412r-20-gf-pc-resin-pellets1/1613r
    year: 2026
    kind: datasheet
    license: distributor page, cited not reproduced
  pubchem-bpa:
    title: PubChem compound record, Bisphenol A (CID 6623), GHS classification
    id: CID 6623
    url: https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/rest/pug_view/data/compound/6623/JSON?heading=GHS+Classification
    year: 2026
    kind: database
    license: public domain (NCBI)
  usgs-mcs2026-boron:
    title: Mineral Commodity Summaries 2026, Boron
    id: USGS MCS 2026, February 2026
    url: https://pubs.usgs.gov/periodicals/mcs2026/mcs2026-boron.pdf
    year: 2026
    kind: report
    license: public domain (USGS)
  wiki-polycarbonate:
    title: Polycarbonate, Wikipedia (composition and production only)
    id: en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polycarbonate
    url: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polycarbonate
    year: 2026
    kind: web
    license: CC BY-SA 4.0
  lan2022-gfpc:
    title: Color Changes and Mechanical Properties of Glass Fiber Reinforced Polycarbonate Composites after Thermal Aging (Polymers, 14(2), 222)
    id: doi:10.3390/polym14020222 (PMC8779341)
    url: https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC8779341
    year: 2022
    kind: paper
    license: CC BY 4.0 (as listed by MDPI)
  pubchem-silica:
    title: PubChem compound record, Silica (CID 24261), GHS classification (generic silicon dioxide record)
    id: CID 24261
    url: https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/rest/pug_view/data/compound/24261/JSON?heading=GHS+Classification
    year: 2026
    kind: database
    license: public domain (NCBI)
  wiki-fiberglass:
    title: Fiberglass, Wikipedia (E-glass composition and boron use)
    id: en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fiberglass
    url: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fiberglass
    year: 2026
    kind: web
    license: CC BY-SA 4.0
story:
  recipe:
    line: 'LEXAN 3412R is bisphenol-A polycarbonate made by reacting bisphenol A with phosgene, then compounded with glass fibre at the share printed as ''Glass Fiber Reinforcement, 20% Filler by Weight'', and an internal mould release. The IDES datasheet prints ''Glass Fiber Reinforcement, 20% Filler by Weight'' and ''Additive: Mold Release''. The 3413R grade is printed as ''GF30'' in the distributor''s product name.'
    parts:
      - name: Bisphenol A polycarbonate matrix
        symbol: PC
        role: Repeat unit (C16H14O3)n as printed in Wikipedia's photo-ageing equation; the atom count shown is for carbon only.
        share_note: The remaining matrix share is not printed; the grade is listed as a filled material.
      - name: Glass fibre reinforcement
        symbol: glass fibre
        role: Stiffens and strengthens the polycarbonate. The IDES datasheet prints 'Glass Fiber Reinforcement, 20% Filler by Weight' for 3412R; the distributor page prints '30% glass reinforced' for 3413R.
        share_note: 20 % by weight (3412R); 30 % (3413R)
  risk_groups:
    - title: For people
      lead: The 3412R grade has no SDS in this run. The monomer bisphenol A carries PubChem GHS hazards that describe the monomer, not the finished pellet.
      level: 2
      verdict: No SDS found for either grade
      points:
        - label: Monomer hazard
          line: PubChem lists bisphenol A with H317 (99.9%) and H318 (99.9%) and the signal word Danger. These describe the monomer, not the polymer.
        - label: Handling
          line: The IDES datasheet has no hazard section, so handling follows the supplier's current SDS for the grade and colour.
    - title: If it fails
      lead: The failure route in these sources is softening under load, not chemical attack.
      level: 2
      verdict: Softens under load near 146 °C
      points:
        - label: Heat
          line: The heat deflection temperature for 3412R is 146 °C at 1.8 MPa and 149 °C at 0.45 MPa, both printed as typical values.
  why: LEXAN 3412R is a stiff, glass-filled polycarbonate for injection-moulded housings. The IDES datasheet prints a flexural modulus of 5520 MPa and a Vicat softening temperature of 166 °C for this grade, and the 3413R grade is described as 'a 30% glass reinforced polycarbonate' on its distributor page.
  can_do:
    - label: Hold a stiff housing shape
      line: a flexural modulus of 5520 MPa for the 20 % glass 3412R (IDES datasheet, ASTM D790).
    - label: Stay dimensionally stable under moderate heat
      line: a heat deflection temperature of 146 °C at 1.8 MPa (IDES datasheet, ASTM D648).
    - label: Insulate electrically at 50 Hz
      line: a dielectric constant of 3.17 and a dielectric strength of 19 kV/mm (IDES datasheet, ASTM D150 and D149).
  compare: 'The 3412R and 3413R values here come from different sources: the 3412R values are from an 11-year-old IDES printout, and the 3413R values are from a distributor page with few test methods. Compare the two grades by row, not as a ranking, and do not compare them with the unfilled polycarbonate profiles, which are different grades with different test conditions.'
  compare_rows:
    - scope: material
      label: Density
      benchmark: density
    - scope: material
      label: Heat deflection temperature
      benchmark: heat_deflection_temperature
    - scope: material
      label: Coefficient of thermal expansion
      benchmark: cte
  handling:
    - Specify the grade (3412R or 3413R) and the glass content, since the two grades differ in stiffness and heat deflection.
    - Dry the pellets before moulding, following the IDES injection table.
    - Check the current supplier SDS before handling, since none was found for either grade in this run.
  good_for:
    - 'Stiff injection-moulded housings: 5520 MPa flexural modulus for the 20 % glass 3412R.'
    - 'Heat-resistant parts under light load: 146 °C heat deflection temperature at 1.8 MPa.'
    - 'Electrical insulating parts: 19 kV/mm dielectric strength in air (IDES datasheet).'
  watch_out:
    - 'Impact: the notched Izod impact of 110 J/m is low for a tough polycarbonate, so use the 3412R for stiffness rather than impact.'
    - 'Heat under load: the 146 °C heat deflection temperature at 1.8 MPa sets the upper limit for loaded parts.'
    - 'Ageing: no UV or humidity ageing test on this grade was read in this run, so exterior use needs its own test.'
    - 'Space: no flight, vacuum or atomic-oxygen result was found for either grade.'
  verdict: LEXAN 3412R is a 20 % glass-filled polycarbonate with a 5520 MPa flexural modulus and a 146 °C heat deflection temperature at 1.8 MPa in the IDES datasheet. The 3413R 30 % grade and its distributor values are less well sourced, and there is no SDS or space result for either grade.