spore: profile id: nickel-aluminium-bronze-c63000 spore_version: 0.2 family: copper-alloys name: Nickel aluminium bronze C63000 abbreviation: NAB C63000 role: wear-resistant structural copper alloy category: metals type: copper-alloys summary: | Nickel aluminium bronze C63000 (UNS C63000, AMS 4640) is a copper alloy with 9.0 to 11.0 % aluminium, 4.0 to 5.5 % nickel and 2.0 to 4.0 % iron. Its aerospace specification AMS 4640 sets a minimum tensile strength of 760 MPa and a minimum yield strength of 470 MPa at 0.5 % extension for rounds up to 1 in in the HR50 or TQ50 temper. The Concast physical-properties table gives a density of 7.58 g/cm3 at 20 °C. best_for: Strong, tough copper alloy for aerospace landing gear, bearings and seawater hardware where wear and corrosion resistance matter weakest_at: 'Electrical conduction: 7 %IACS at 68 °F, so it is a poor conductor compared with pure copper' identity: formula: Copper-rich alloy of Cu with Al, Ni and Fe (wrought composition in story.recipe) source: nb-c63000 where: Chemical composition table, title line 'C63000 (Aluminum Bronze)' designations: - system: UNS code: C63000 source: concast-c63000 where: Machinability table, 'Copper alloy UNS No.' row, value C63000 - system: AMS code: '4640' source: concast-c63000 where: Page title 'AMS 4640-C63000' and stocked alloy specs list - system: ASTM code: B150 note: metric version B150M also listed source: concast-c63000 where: Similar or equivalent specification table, ASTM column - system: EN name code: CW307G source: smith-c63000 where: Related material specifications list tags: environments: [] stresses: [] applications: - structures - mechanisms properties: - benchmark: density label: Density, C63000 (Concast physical-properties table) value: 7.58 unit: g/cm3 scope: material conditions: temperature: 20 °C grade: C63000 (AMS 4640) unit_in_source: printed 'gm/cm 3'; same row prints 0.274 lb/in3 at 68 °F method: Value printed in a manufacturer physical-properties table (figures provided by CDA) status: ground source: concast-c63000 where: Physical properties table, Density, metric column - benchmark: melting_point label: Melting point, liquidus value: 1054 unit: °C scope: material conditions: grade: C63000 unit_in_source: 1930 °F method: Value printed in a manufacturer physical-properties table (figures provided by CDA) status: ground source: concast-c63000 where: Physical properties table, Melting point - liquidus, metric column - benchmark: melting_point label: Melting point, solidus value: 1035 unit: °C scope: material conditions: grade: C63000 unit_in_source: 1895 °F method: Value printed in a manufacturer physical-properties table (figures provided by CDA) status: ground source: concast-c63000 where: Physical properties table, Melting point - solidus, metric column - benchmark: electrical_conductivity label: Electrical conductivity, C63000 (National Bronze) value: 7 unit: '%IACS' scope: material conditions: temperature: 68 °F temper: not stated unit_in_source: '%IACS @ 68 F' method: Value printed in a supplier datasheet status: ground source: nb-c63000 where: Physical Properties, Electrical Conductivity - benchmark: electrical_conductivity label: Electrical conductivity, metric (Concast physical-properties table) value: 0.041 unit: MegaSiemens/cm scope: material conditions: temperature: 20 °C unit_in_source: 0.041 MegaSiemens/cm at 20 °C method: Value printed in a manufacturer physical-properties table (figures provided by CDA) status: ground source: concast-c63000 where: Physical properties table, Electrical conductivity, metric column - benchmark: thermal_conductivity label: Thermal conductivity, C63000 (National Bronze) value: 22.6 unit: Btu·ft/(hr·ft2·F) scope: material conditions: temperature: 68 °F unit_in_source: printed '22.60 Btu · ft/(hr · ft2· F) at 68F' method: Value printed in a supplier datasheet status: ground source: nb-c63000 where: Physical Properties, Thermal Conductivity - benchmark: specific_heat label: Specific heat capacity, C63000 (National Bronze) value: 0.09 unit: Btu/(lb·F) scope: material conditions: temperature: 68 °F unit_in_source: printed '0.090 Btu/lb/ F at 68 F' method: Value printed in a supplier datasheet status: ground source: nb-c63000 where: Physical Properties, Specific Heat Capacity - benchmark: elastic_modulus label: Modulus of elasticity in tension value: 120650 unit: MPa scope: material conditions: temperature: not stated in the table unit_in_source: 17500 ksi method: Value printed in a manufacturer physical-properties table (figures provided by CDA) status: ground source: concast-c63000 where: Physical properties table, Modulus of elasticity in tension, metric column - benchmark: shear_modulus label: Modulus of rigidity (shear modulus) value: 44127 unit: MPa scope: material conditions: temperature: not stated in the table unit_in_source: 6400 ksi method: Value printed in a manufacturer physical-properties table (figures provided by CDA) status: ground source: concast-c63000 where: Physical properties table, Modulus of rigidity, metric column - benchmark: ultimate_tensile_strength label: Tensile strength, minimum (AMS 4640 specification) value: 760 unit: MPa bound: lower scope: material conditions: temper: HR50 drawn and stress relieved, or TQ50 temper annealed size: rounds, hexagons and octogons up to 1 in unit_in_source: 110 ksi basis: minimum specification value, room temperature method: Minimum value printed in the AMS 4640 mechanical-properties table on the manufacturer page; a specification minimum, not a typical value status: ground source: concast-c63000 where: AMS 4640-C63000 mechanical properties, size range up to 1 in, Tensile strength min - benchmark: yield_strength label: Yield strength at 0.5 % extension under load, minimum (AMS 4640) value: 470 unit: MPa bound: lower scope: material conditions: temper: HR50 drawn and stress relieved, or TQ50 temper annealed size: rounds, hexagons and octogons up to 1 in unit_in_source: 68 ksi basis: minimum specification value, room temperature method: Minimum value printed in the AMS 4640 mechanical-properties table on the manufacturer page status: ground source: concast-c63000 where: AMS 4640-C63000 mechanical properties, size range up to 1 in, Yield strength min at 0.5% extension - benchmark: elongation label: Elongation in 4D, minimum (AMS 4640) value: 10 unit: '%' bound: lower scope: material conditions: temper: HR50 drawn and stress relieved, or TQ50 temper annealed size: rounds, hexagons and octogons up to 1 in method: Minimum value printed in the AMS 4640 mechanical-properties table on the manufacturer page status: ground source: concast-c63000 where: AMS 4640-C63000 mechanical properties, size range up to 1 in, Elongation in 4D min - benchmark: ultimate_tensile_strength label: Ultimate tensile strength, Smith Metal datasheet value: 760 unit: N/mm2 scope: material conditions: size: 25 mm and under basis: datasheet value; whether it is a minimum or typical is not stated method: Value printed in a supplier technical datasheet status: ground source: smith-c63000 where: Mechanical Properties table, UTS, diameter 25mm and under - benchmark: yield_strength label: 0.2 % proof strength, Smith Metal datasheet value: 470 unit: N/mm2 scope: material conditions: offset: 0.2 % size: 25 mm and under basis: datasheet value; whether it is a minimum or typical is not stated method: Value printed in a supplier technical datasheet status: ground note: Uses a 0.2 % offset, while the AMS 4640 minimum above uses 0.5 % extension under load; the two should not be compared directly. source: smith-c63000 where: Mechanical Properties table, 0.2% Proof Strength, diameter 25mm and under - benchmark: ultimate_tensile_strength label: Tensile strength, typical, HR50 rod 3 in (76 mm) value: 772 unit: MPa scope: material conditions: temper: HR50 section: 3 in (76 mm) rod temperature: 68 °F (20 °C) unit_in_source: 112 ksi basis: typical (TYP) value method: Typical value printed in a supplier mechanical-properties table; not a guaranteed minimum status: ground source: nb-c63000 where: Mechanical properties table, Rod, HR50, section 3 in (76 mm), TYP row, metric columns - benchmark: yield_strength label: Yield strength at 0.5 % extension under load, typical, HR50 rod 3 in (76 mm) value: 427 unit: MPa scope: material conditions: temper: HR50 section: 3 in (76 mm) rod temperature: 68 °F (20 °C) unit_in_source: 62 ksi basis: typical (TYP) value method: Typical value printed in a supplier mechanical-properties table; not a guaranteed minimum status: ground source: nb-c63000 where: Mechanical properties table, Rod, HR50, section 3 in (76 mm), TYP row, Yield Strength 0.5% ext under load, metric columns corrosion: - environment: Seawater, including welded areas, crevices and biofouled surfaces (nickel aluminium bronze family, not C63000 by name) headline: In seawater tests, welded nickel aluminium bronze lost its beta-prime phase at the weld heat-affected zone and corroded in crevices under biofouling and stress. effect: A 2024 study of plasma-welded nickel aluminium bronze in laboratory and marine seawater tests found selective phase corrosion of the retained beta-prime phase in the heat-affected zone. It also found crevice corrosion, linked to selective corrosion of the kappa-III phase, at biofouled and stressed areas of the parent metal. The authors say these real-world factors severely impact the alloy's corrosion resistance. The study covers nickel aluminium bronze in general and does not name C63000. rating: moderate conditions: alloy: plasma-welded nickel aluminium bronze test: laboratory and marine seawater exposure, with biofouling and residual stress considered basis: abstract read; the full text was not read source: tecnalia-nab-2024 where: Abstract of the repository record (hdl.handle.net/11556/10291) - environment: General corrosion resistance of C63000 (datasheet statement, no exposure test given) headline: The supplier datasheet rates C63000 corrosion resistance as Excellent, but gives no corrosion rate or exposure test. effect: Smith Metal's datasheet rates C63000 corrosion resistance as Excellent and lists high corrosion resistance among its key features. It gives no corrosion rate, exposure time, medium or test method, so the rating cannot be compared with a measured value. rating: low conditions: basis: qualitative datasheet rating only source: smith-c63000 where: Corrosion Resistance box and Key features list risks: hazards: - text: 'Concast safety data sheet for the aluminium bronze alloy family (SDS 1, revision 25 March 2022; the sheet covers product codes including AMS-4640 but does not name C63000): signal word Danger. Hazard statements: may form combustible dust concentrations in air; may cause an allergic skin reaction; may cause allergy or asthma symptoms or breathing difficulties if inhaled; may cause cancer; may damage fertility; causes damage to lungs through prolonged or repeated exposure by inhalation.' ghs: [] source: concast-sds where: Section 2, Hazard(s) identification, health and physical hazards, label elements - text: In a fire, nickel may form nickel carbonyl, which the Concast safety data sheet calls a highly toxic substance and known carcinogen. ghs: [] source: concast-sds where: Section 5, fire-fighting measures, combustion products failure_risks: - mode: Selective phase corrosion in the weld heat-affected zone trigger: Plasma welding, then exposure to seawater; the retained beta-prime phase in the heat-affected zone is attacked consequence: In seawater tests on plasma-welded nickel aluminium bronze, the retained beta-prime phase in the heat-affected zone experienced selective phase corrosion (abstract; C63000 not named). severity: moderate source: tecnalia-nab-2024 where: Abstract - mode: Crevice corrosion at biofouled and stressed areas trigger: Biofouling and residual stress on the parent metal in seawater consequence: Crevice corrosion associated with selective phase corrosion of the kappa-III phase; the authors say these factors severely impact corrosion resistance (abstract; C63000 not named). severity: high source: tecnalia-nab-2024 where: Abstract side_effects: - text: Elevated temperatures or mechanical action can form dust and fumes that may be irritating (Concast safety data sheet, family sheet that lists AMS-4640). affects: Operators, through the airways and skin source: concast-sds where: Section 4, most important symptoms and effects handling: - text: Prevent dust accumulation to minimise the explosion hazard from combustible dust; keep away from heat, sparks, open flames and hot surfaces; ground and bond containers and receiving equipment (Concast safety data sheet, family sheet). source: concast-sds where: Section 2, precautionary statements, prevention - text: Store locked up; keep the container tightly closed; do not breathe dust; wear protective gloves, clothing and eye protection (Concast safety data sheet, family sheet). source: concast-sds where: Section 2, precautionary statements, prevention and storage mitigations: [] uses: - application: structures device: Aerospace landing gear example: Smith Metal lists aerospace landing gear first among the typical applications of C63000 and says the grade was developed to the AMS4640 aerospace specification. source: smith-c63000 where: Typical Applications list; Product Description - application: mechanisms device: Bearings, bushings, gears, cams and valve seats example: Concast lists bearings, bushings, cams, gears, valve seats and hydraulic bushings for earth-moving equipment among the typical industrial uses of AMS 4640-C63000. source: concast-c63000 where: Extruded and drawn section, Typical uses, Industrial - application: structures device: Ship propellers, marine bolts and nuts example: Concast lists ship propellers, bolts and nuts among the marine uses of AMS 4640-C63000. source: concast-c63000 where: Extruded and drawn section, Typical uses, Marine supply: - subject: Copper (mine production) producers: - country: Chile share_percent: 23 year: 2025 - country: Congo (Kinshasa) share_percent: 13.9 year: 2025 - country: Peru share_percent: 11.7 year: 2025 - country: China share_percent: 7.8 year: 2025 - country: Russia share_percent: 5.7 year: 2025 critical_lists: - list: U.S. Final 2025 List of Critical Minerals (copper added, per USGS Mineral Commodity Summaries 2026) listed: true recycling: 'USGS: old (post-consumer) scrap provided an estimated 160,000 tons of copper in 2025, and about 760,000 tons were recovered from new (manufacturing) scrap; brass and wire-rod mills accounted for approximately 80% of the total.' substitutes: [] source: usgs-mcs2026-copper where: World Mine and Refinery Production table, mine production 2025e (world total 23,000 thousand t; shares calculated by Space Mushroom); Critical minerals and Recycling paragraphs - subject: Aluminum (smelter production) producers: - country: China share_percent: 60.8 year: 2025 - country: India share_percent: 5.7 year: 2025 - country: Russia share_percent: 5.3 year: 2025 - country: Canada share_percent: 4.5 year: 2025 - country: United Arab Emirates share_percent: 3.6 year: 2025 critical_lists: [] recycling: 'USGS: aluminum recovered from purchased scrap in the United States was about 3.6 million tons in 2025.' substitutes: [] source: usgs-mcs2026-aluminum where: World Smelter Production and Capacity table, Smelter production 2025e (world total 74,000 thousand t; shares calculated by Space Mushroom); Recycling paragraph - subject: Nickel (mine production) producers: - country: Indonesia share_percent: 66.7 year: 2025 - country: Philippines share_percent: 6.9 year: 2025 - country: Russia share_percent: 5.1 year: 2025 - country: New Caledonia share_percent: 3.6 year: 2025 - country: Canada share_percent: 3.6 year: 2025 critical_lists: [] recycling: 'USGS: most secondary nickel was nickel content of stainless-steel scrap; in 2025, nickel recovered from scrap accounted for approximately 60% of apparent consumption.' substitutes: [] source: usgs-mcs2026-nickel where: World Mine Production and Reserves table, mine production 2025e (world total 3,900,000 t; shares calculated by Space Mushroom); Recycling paragraph media: [] documents: - title: National Bronze and Metals, C63000 (Aluminum Bronze) product data sheet, PDF type: datasheet url: https://www.nationalbronze.com/pdfs/C63000.pdf - title: Wieland Concast, C63000 (C630) nickel-aluminum bronze, AMS 4640-C63000 product page type: datasheet url: https://www.concast.com/c63000.php year: 2026 - title: Smiths Metal Centres, C63000 technical datasheet (bronze alloy) type: datasheet url: https://www.smithmetal.com/pdf/bronze/c63000.pdf year: 2023 - title: Wieland Concast safety data sheet, Aluminum Bronze Alloys (SDS 1, US English) type: sds url: https://www.concast.com/files/SDS-1%20Aluminum%20Bronze%20Alloys%20US%20English.pdf year: 2022 - title: Corrosion mechanisms of plasma welded nickel aluminium bronze immersed in seawater (repository record) type: paper url: https://hdl.handle.net/11556/10291 year: 2024 - title: USGS Mineral Commodity Summaries 2026, Copper type: report url: https://pubs.usgs.gov/periodicals/mcs2026/mcs2026-copper.pdf year: 2026 - title: USGS Mineral Commodity Summaries 2026, Nickel type: report url: https://pubs.usgs.gov/periodicals/mcs2026/mcs2026-nickel.pdf year: 2026 - title: USGS Mineral Commodity Summaries 2026, Aluminum type: report url: https://pubs.usgs.gov/periodicals/mcs2026/mcs2026-aluminum.pdf year: 2026 gaps: - No space, vacuum, radiation, outgassing or thermal-vacuum result for C63000 was found in any source read; the profile does not cover flight use. - Coefficient of thermal expansion is printed only in exponent form (9 x 10^-6 per F in National Bronze; 15.5 x 10^-6 per C in Concast), so it is left out. - Concast prints thermal conductivity (39.1) and specific heat (377.1) in metric with an incomplete unit (W/m and J/kg), so those metric values are left out; the National Bronze Btu values are recorded. - The 2024 corrosion study was read from its abstract only; its full text was not read. It studies nickel aluminium bronze in general, not C63000 specifically. - No C63000-specific corrosion rate, exposure time or cavitation result was found in a source read. Two search-result records on NAB seawater corrosion (Wharton et al. 2005 and a cavitation study) were seen only as titles and not read, so no value from them is used. - The Concast safety data sheet covers the aluminium bronze family (product codes include AMS-4640 but not C63000 by name). Its hazards are recorded as family-level, not grade-specific. - No C63000 safety data sheet was found; no GHS hazard codes were printed in the sheets read. - Critical-mineral status of nickel and aluminium was not printed in the USGS chapters read, so those lists are left empty. - Brinell hardness (201 to 248 HB, AMS 4640 and Smith Metal) is printed but is not a canonical property in this collection, so it is not recorded as a property row. - The SAE, Federal and CDA designation columns on the Concast page are not aligned clearly to C63000, so those codes are left out; the EN name (CuAl10Ni5 style) is not printed for C63000 in a source read. sources: nb-c63000: title: National Bronze and Metals, C63000 (Aluminum Bronze) product data sheet id: PDF, file C63000.pdf (undated) url: https://www.nationalbronze.com/pdfs/C63000.pdf kind: datasheet license: supplier document, cited not reproduced concast-c63000: title: Wieland Concast, C63000 (C630) nickel-aluminum bronze, AMS 4640-C63000 product page id: AMS 4640-C63000 product page (page copyright 2026) url: https://www.concast.com/c63000.php year: 2026 kind: datasheet license: manufacturer web page, cited not reproduced smith-c63000: title: Smiths Metal Centres, C63000 technical datasheet (bronze alloy) id: datasheet, copyright 2023 url: https://www.smithmetal.com/pdf/bronze/c63000.pdf year: 2023 kind: datasheet license: supplier document, cited not reproduced concast-sds: title: 'Wieland Concast, Safety Data Sheet: Aluminum Bronze Alloys (SDS 1, version 06)' id: SDS number 1; revision 25 March 2022 url: https://www.concast.com/files/SDS-1%20Aluminum%20Bronze%20Alloys%20US%20English.pdf year: 2022 kind: datasheet license: supplier document, cited not reproduced tecnalia-nab-2024: title: Corrosion mechanisms of plasma welded nickel aluminium bronze immersed in seawater (Corrosion Science, repository record; abstract read) id: doi:10.1016/j.corsci.2024.112004; handle 11556/10291 url: https://hdl.handle.net/11556/10291 year: 2024 kind: paper license: repository record; abstract only usgs-mcs2026-copper: title: Mineral Commodity Summaries 2026, Copper id: USGS MCS 2026, February 2026 url: https://pubs.usgs.gov/periodicals/mcs2026/mcs2026-copper.pdf year: 2026 kind: report license: public domain (USGS) usgs-mcs2026-nickel: title: Mineral Commodity Summaries 2026, Nickel id: USGS MCS 2026, February 2026 url: https://pubs.usgs.gov/periodicals/mcs2026/mcs2026-nickel.pdf year: 2026 kind: report license: public domain (USGS) usgs-mcs2026-aluminum: title: Mineral Commodity Summaries 2026, Aluminum id: USGS MCS 2026, February 2026 url: https://pubs.usgs.gov/periodicals/mcs2026/mcs2026-aluminum.pdf year: 2026 kind: report license: public domain (USGS) license: CC-BY-4.0 updated: '2026-11-01' review: status: draft method: assistant checked_values: 16 unreachable: 0 caveats: 3 note: 'Read by an AI assistant on 2026-11-01 from the National Bronze PDF, Concast and Smith Metal pages, the Concast SDS, the USGS 2026 chapters and the 2024 abstract. Caveats: Smith Metal strengths do not state min or typical; the 0.2 % proof value is not comparable with the 0.5 % extension value; the corrosion study is on NAB in general and was read from its abstract.' story: recipe: line: Nickel aluminium bronze C63000 is a copper-rich alloy in which aluminium, nickel and iron are the main added elements. Manganese, silicon, tin and zinc are minor elements, each limited by the composition table. Wrought rod and bar are supplied in the HR50 (drawn and stress relieved) or TQ50 (temper annealed) temper under AMS 4640. parts: - name: Copper symbol: Cu share_note: remainder (Cu includes Ag) role: The matrix metal that makes up most of the alloy. source: nb-c63000 where: 'Chemical composition table, Cu column: Rem.; footnote Cu value includes Ag' - name: Aluminium symbol: Al share_percent: 9 share_high: 11 role: The main alloying metal in aluminium bronze, as Concast states. source: nb-c63000 where: Chemical composition table, Al column, min 9.0 and max 11.0 - name: Nickel symbol: Ni share_percent: 4 share_high: 5.5 role: Alloying element in the AMS 4640 composition; the Ni value includes Co. source: nb-c63000 where: Chemical composition table, Ni column, min 4.0 and max 5.5; footnote Ni value includes Co - name: Iron symbol: Fe share_percent: 2 share_high: 4 role: Alloying element named by Concast as one often added to aluminium bronze. source: nb-c63000 where: Chemical composition table, Fe column, min 2.0 and max 4.0 risk_groups: - title: For people level: 2 verdict: 'Dust and fume: cancer and allergy warnings' lead: The supplier safety data sheet for the aluminium bronze family classifies it with the signal word Danger. The sheet does not name C63000, so these are family-level warnings. points: - label: Dust and fume line: Elevated temperatures or mechanical action can form dust and fumes that may be irritating. The sheet says the product may form combustible dust concentrations in air. - label: Cancer and allergy line: The hazard statements include May cause cancer, May cause an allergic skin reaction, and May cause allergy or asthma symptoms or breathing difficulties if inhaled. - label: In a fire line: In a fire, nickel may form nickel carbonyl, which the sheet calls a highly toxic substance and known carcinogen. - title: If the alloy corrodes in service level: 2 verdict: Welds and crevices corrode in seawater lead: These results come from a 2024 seawater study of welded nickel aluminium bronze, read from its abstract. They are not C63000 service records. points: - label: Weld zone line: The retained beta-prime phase in the heat-affected zone of plasma welds underwent selective phase corrosion in seawater tests. - label: Biofouling and stress line: Crevice corrosion linked to selective corrosion of the kappa-III phase occurred at biofouled and stressed areas of the parent metal. - title: Handling and storage points: - label: Storage line: The sheet says to store the material locked up with the container tightly closed, and to ground and bond containers and receiving equipment. - label: Dust and ignition line: Prevent dust accumulation to limit the explosion hazard, and keep the material away from heat, sparks, open flames and hot surfaces. why: Nickel aluminium bronze C63000 is a copper alloy designed for strength, toughness and wear resistance. Smith Metal calls it the most commonly used grade of nickel aluminium bronze in America and says it was developed to the AMS4640 aerospace specification. It combines high strength with toughness and keeps much of its strength at elevated temperatures, according to the datasheet. Its mechanical properties are specified in AMS 4640, which sets minimum values that the profile records as lower bounds. uses: - where: Aerospace landing gear line: Smith Metal lists aerospace landing gear first among the typical applications of C63000, and says the grade was developed to the AMS4640 aerospace specification. - where: Bearings, bushings and gears line: Concast lists bearings, bushings, cams, gears, valve seats and hydraulic bushings for earth-moving equipment among the typical industrial uses of AMS 4640-C63000. - where: Marine propellers and fasteners line: Concast lists ship propellers, bolts and nuts among the marine uses of AMS 4640-C63000, and Smith Metal lists marine fasteners among its typical applications. can_do: - label: Strength benchmark: ultimate_tensile_strength value: 760 MPa minimum (AMS 4640) line: The AMS 4640 specification requires a minimum tensile strength of 760 MPa for rounds up to 1 in in the HR50 or TQ50 temper. - label: Yield benchmark: yield_strength value: 470 MPa minimum at 0.5 % extension line: The same specification requires a minimum yield strength of 470 MPa at 0.5 % extension under load, for the same sizes. - label: Typical strength benchmark: ultimate_tensile_strength value: 772 MPa typical (HR50 rod, 3 in) line: A National Bronze typical value for an HR50 rod of 3 in (76 mm) is 772 MPa tensile strength and 427 MPa yield strength at 0.5 % extension. - label: Density benchmark: density value: 7.58 g/cm3 at 20 °C line: The Concast physical-properties table gives a density of 7.58 g/cm3 at 20 °C. - label: Electrical conduction benchmark: electrical_conductivity value: 7 %IACS at 68 °F line: National Bronze gives an electrical conductivity of 7 %IACS at 68 °F, so the alloy is a poor conductor compared with pure copper. compare: C63000 is a stronger, harder copper alloy than the soft copper profiled in this collection, but it conducts electricity far less well. The gap comes from the aluminium and nickel dissolved in the copper matrix. The datasheet says that C63000 keeps much of its strength at elevated temperatures, and the specification sets its minimum strength for rounds up to 1 in. The table compares C63000 with other profiled metals on density, tensile strength and electrical conductivity. compare_rows: - label: Density benchmark: density - label: Tensile strength benchmark: ultimate_tensile_strength - label: Electrical conductivity benchmark: electrical_conductivity handling: - Store the material locked up with the container tightly closed (Concast safety data sheet, family sheet). - Prevent dust accumulation and keep it away from heat, sparks and open flames to limit the explosion risk from combustible dust. - Do not breathe dust or fume; wear gloves, eye protection and respiratory protection where ventilation is poor. good_for: - 'Strength in a copper alloy: the AMS 4640 minimum tensile strength is 760 MPa.' - 'Seawater hardware: the Smith Metal datasheet rates corrosion resistance as Excellent.' watch_out: - 'Welds and crevices in seawater: selective phase corrosion was seen in welded and biofouled nickel aluminium bronze (2024 study, abstract only).' - Dust and fume carry cancer and allergy warnings in the family safety data sheet, so ventilation and respiratory protection matter. - 'Low electrical conductivity: 7 %IACS at 68 °F.' verdict: C63000 is a strong, wear-resistant copper alloy for aerospace and seawater hardware. It needs careful handling of dust and fume, and its weld zones and crevices need design attention in seawater. Its space performance is not covered by any source read.