spore: profile id: metglas-2605sa1 spore_version: 0.2 family: magnet-and-superconducting-alloys name: METGLAS 2605SA1 abbreviation: Fe-Si-B role: transformer core and magnetic shield category: shielding type: spot-shields summary: | METGLAS 2605SA1 is an iron-based amorphous metal ribbon from Metglas, Inc., about 23 to 25 micrometres thick. The datasheet gives a density of 7.18 g/cm3, a saturation induction of 1.56 T and a Curie temperature of 395 degC. The manufacturer offers it for transformer cores, and a 2015 Fermilab paper tested it as a magnetic shield for superconducting RF cavity cryomodules. best_for: Low-loss transformer and current-transformer cores, where core loss of 0.17 W/kg or less at 60 Hz and 1.3 T is the target (datasheet limit) weakest_at: Formability of the as-supplied ribbon, which the 2015 paper calls difficult because its yield strength appears extremely high; its permeability also takes about four days to reach maximum after a change in field identity: formula: 'Iron-based amorphous metal, Fe-Si-B ribbon: Fe 85 to 95, Si 5 to 10, B 1 to 5 (weight %, SDS ranges); trace cobalt and nickel' crystal_system: amorphous (no crystal lattice) source: metglas-sds where: Section 2, Composition table (weight %) designations: - system: Trade name code: 2605 SA1 Iron Base Alloy source: metglas-sds where: Document title, footer of every page - system: Trade name code: 2605SA1 source: metglas-datasheet where: Section 1, Alloys and the specification table, column 2605SA1 tags: environments: [] stresses: [] applications: - electronics-and-chips properties: - benchmark: density label: Density, as printed in the datasheet value: 7.18 unit: g/cm3 scope: material conditions: grade: METGLAS 2605SA1 ribbon condition: as printed; table notes values are not guaranteed method: Typical value printed in a manufacturer datasheet status: ground source: metglas-datasheet where: Section 2, Physical table, Density (g/cm3), row 2605SA1 - benchmark: density label: Specific gravity from the SDS (water = 1.0) value: 7.19 unit: g/cm3 scope: material conditions: grade: METGLAS 2605 SA1 Iron Based Alloy basis: SDS prints specific gravity with water = 1.0; numerically the same as density in g/cm3 method: Value printed in the manufacturer's material safety data sheet status: ground source: metglas-sds where: Section 9, Physical and chemical properties, specific gravity - benchmark: curie_temperature label: Curie temperature, datasheet value: 395 unit: degC scope: material conditions: grade: 2605SA1 ribbon condition: as printed; table notes values are not guaranteed method: Typical value printed in a manufacturer datasheet status: ground source: metglas-datasheet where: Section 2, Electromagnetic table, Curie Temperature (degC), row 2605SA1 - benchmark: curie_temperature label: Curie temperature, SDS value: 392 unit: degC scope: material conditions: grade: METGLAS 2605 SA1 Iron Based Alloy printed_as: 738 F (392 C) method: Value printed in the manufacturer's material safety data sheet status: ground note: Two manufacturer documents give different Curie temperatures (395 degC in the datasheet, 392 degC in the SDS); both are kept. source: metglas-sds where: Section 9, Curie Temperature - benchmark: melting_point label: Melting range value: 1133 value_high: 1178 bound: range unit: degC scope: material conditions: grade: METGLAS 2605 SA1 Iron Based Alloy printed_as: 1,133-1,178 degC method: Range printed in the manufacturer's material safety data sheet status: ground source: metglas-sds where: Section 5, Special fire fighting precautions and instructions - benchmark: crystallization_temperature label: Crystallization temperature, datasheet value: 510 unit: degC scope: material conditions: grade: 2605SA1 ribbon condition: as printed; table notes values are not guaranteed method: Typical value printed in a manufacturer datasheet status: ground source: metglas-datasheet where: Section 2, Physical table, Crystallization Temperature (degC), row 2605SA1 - benchmark: crystallization_temperature label: Crystallization temperature, SDS value: 507 unit: degC scope: material conditions: grade: METGLAS 2605 SA1 Iron Based Alloy printed_as: 945 F (507 C) method: Value printed in the manufacturer's material safety data sheet status: ground note: The datasheet gives 510 degC and the SDS 507 degC; both are kept. source: metglas-sds where: Section 9, Crystallization temp - benchmark: saturation_induction label: Saturation induction, as printed in the datasheet value: 1.56 unit: T scope: material conditions: grade: 2605SA1 ribbon condition: general properties table; the product page labels the value as-cast method: Typical value printed in a manufacturer datasheet status: ground source: metglas-datasheet where: Section 2, Electromagnetic table, Saturation Induction (T), row 2605SA1 - benchmark: electrical_resistivity label: Electrical resistivity value: 1.3 unit: µΩm scope: material conditions: grade: 2605SA1 ribbon temperature: not stated printed_as: 1.3 (µΩm) method: Typical value printed in a manufacturer datasheet status: ground note: The product page prints 130 µΩ-cm for the same alloy, which is the same value in other units. source: metglas-datasheet where: Section 2, Electromagnetic table, Electrical Resistivity (µΩm), row 2605SA1 - benchmark: magnetostriction label: Saturation magnetostriction value: 27 unit: x10-6 scope: material conditions: grade: 2605SA1 ribbon printed_as: 27 (x10-6) method: Typical value printed in a manufacturer datasheet status: ground source: metglas-datasheet where: Section 2, Electromagnetic table, Magnetostriction (x10-6), row 2605SA1 - benchmark: elastic_modulus label: Young's modulus, as printed in the datasheet value: 110 unit: GPa scope: material conditions: grade: 2605SA1 ribbon condition: as printed; the product page gives a range of 100 to 110 GPa method: Typical value printed in a manufacturer datasheet status: ground source: metglas-datasheet where: Section 2, Physical table, Young's Modulus (GPa), row 2605SA1 - benchmark: ultimate_tensile_strength label: Tensile strength, as printed in the datasheet value: 2000 unit: N/mm2 scope: material conditions: grade: 2605SA1 ribbon printed_as: 2,000 (N/mm2) condition: heat-treatment state not given in the table method: Typical value printed in a manufacturer datasheet status: ground note: The product page gives 1 to 2 GPa for the same property, a wider range than the single datasheet value. source: metglas-datasheet where: Section 2, Physical table, Tensile Strength (N/mm2), row 2605SA1 - benchmark: vickers_hardness label: Vickers hardness value: 900 unit: HV scope: material conditions: grade: 2605SA1 ribbon load: 50 g (Hv-50 g load) method: Typical value printed in a manufacturer datasheet status: ground source: metglas-datasheet where: Section 2, Physical table, Vickers Hardness Hv-50 g load, row 2605SA1 - benchmark: cte label: Coefficient of thermal expansion value: 7.6 unit: x10-6/degC scope: material conditions: grade: 2605SA1 ribbon temperature_range: 30 to 300 degC method: Typical value printed in a manufacturer datasheet status: ground source: metglas-datasheet where: Section 2, Physical table, Thermal Expansion Coefficient (x10-6 /degC), 30 - 300 degC, row 2605SA1 - benchmark: lamination_factor label: Lamination factor value: 84 bound: lower unit: '%' scope: material conditions: grade: 2605SA1 ribbon printed_as: greater than or equal to 84 method: Minimum printed in a manufacturer datasheet status: ground source: metglas-datasheet where: Section 3, Ribbon Dimensions and Lamination Factor, row 2605SA1 - benchmark: core_loss label: Core loss at 60 Hz and 1.3 T, specification limit value: 0.17 bound: upper unit: W/kg scope: material conditions: grade: 2605SA1 transformer core ribbon frequency: 60 Hz flux_density: 1.3 T standard: ASTM A 932 method: Specification limit printed in a manufacturer datasheet, measured to ASTM A 932/A 932M status: ground note: The product page says the core loss is 35% of grade M3 electrical steel, for finished cores (manufacturer claim, not independently measured in the sources read). source: metglas-datasheet where: Section 1, Alloys and the specification table, Core Loss (W/kg) at 60 Hz and 1.3 T - benchmark: dc_permeability label: Maximum DC permeability, annealed and as cast value: 45000 value_high: 600000 bound: range unit: '-' scope: material conditions: grade: 2605SA1 ribbon heat_treatment: annealed gives the upper value, as cast the lower value method: Values printed on the manufacturer product page; the page prints no unit, and a 2015 paper calls the same quantity relative permeability status: ground source: metglas-web where: 2605SA1 product section, Electromagnetic list, Maximum DC Permeability (annealed; as cast) - benchmark: effective_relative_permeability label: Effective relative permeability after relaxation, cylindrical shield value: 57000 unit: '-' scope: material conditions: sample: cylindrical shield of 23 micrometre 2605SA1 ribbon field: ambient field of about 5x10-5 T (500 mG) state: after relaxation method: Measured by the authors of a 2015 paper on shielding of an ambient field status: ground source: crawford2015 where: Abstract - benchmark: magnetic_relaxation_time label: Quasi time constant for magnetic domain relaxation value: 2.6 unit: h scope: material conditions: sample: cylindrical shield of 2605SA1 ribbon field: ambient field of about 5x10-5 T (500 mG) method: Measured by the authors of a 2015 paper on shielding of an ambient field status: ground source: crawford2015 where: Abstract - benchmark: max_service_temp label: Continuous service temperature value: 150 unit: degC scope: material conditions: grade: 2605SA1 ribbon basis: Continuous Service Temp. in the Physical list on the product page method: Value printed on the manufacturer product page status: ground source: metglas-web where: 2605SA1 product section, Physical list, Continuous Service Temp. (degC) - benchmark: thickness label: Ribbon thickness, as printed in the datasheet value: 25 uncertainty: ±4 µm unit: µm scope: material conditions: grade: 2605SA1 ribbon printed_as: 25 ± 4 method: Nominal value and tolerance printed in a manufacturer datasheet status: ground note: The product page and the 2015 paper both give 23 µm for the thickness they used, so the nominal value differs by source. source: metglas-datasheet where: Section 3, Ribbon Dimensions and Lamination Factor, Thickness (µm), row 2605SA1 corrosion: - environment: Moisture and corrosive materials (storage and incompatibilities) headline: The SDS says the ribbon can be attacked by moisture and corrosive materials. effect: Section 10 lists moisture and corrosive materials as incompatible, and Section 7 asks that the product not be exposed to moisture or any other substance. The sheet gives no corrosion rate, test or exposure time. rating: unknown source: metglas-sds where: Section 10, Incompatibilities; Section 7, Storage recommendations - environment: Heating close to the crystallization temperature (thermal ageing) headline: The datasheet's reference anneal of 370 degC for 2 hours sits below the 510 degC crystallization temperature it prints. effect: The datasheet gives a crystallization temperature of 510 degC, and the SDS gives 507 degC (945 F). The datasheet's reference field anneal is 370 degC for 2 hours. No property change after long heating at intermediate temperatures was found in the sources read. rating: unknown source: metglas-datasheet where: Section 2, Physical table, Crystallization Temperature; Section 4, introductory text (heat treatment) risks: hazards: - text: The SDS says the ribbon is non-hazardous as shipped; the main hazard as shipped is the sharp edges of the product. ghs: [] source: metglas-sds where: Section 3, Emergency overview and Potential health hazards - text: Vapors and fumes from grinding, sanding, cutting or welding are harmful if inhaled and may irritate the throat and respiratory tract. ghs: [] source: metglas-sds where: Section 3, Inhalation - text: Trace cobalt and nickel are listed as IARC group 2B (possible carcinogen); the SDS does not give an amount for them. ghs: [] source: metglas-sds where: Section 3, Delayed effects and carcinogen table; Section 2 - text: 'Cobalt, one of the trace elements the SDS lists in the ribbon, has these GHS hazard statements in PubChem for the element: H317 (may cause an allergic skin reaction), H334 (may cause allergy or asthma symptoms or breathing difficulties if inhaled), H341 (suspected of causing genetic defects), H350 (may cause cancer), H360F (may damage fertility) and H413 (may cause long lasting harmful effects to aquatic life). The SDS gives no amount of cobalt for this ribbon.' ghs: - H317 - H334 - H341 - H350 - H360F - H413 source: pubchem-cobalt where: GHS Classification section, GHS Hazard Statements list (cobalt, CID 104730) failure_risks: - mode: Fire or melting of the ribbon trigger: Heating to melting, or burning in a structural fire consequence: Toxic vapors and metallic fumes may be released; the SDS gives a melting range of 1,133 to 1,178 degC. severity: moderate source: metglas-sds where: Section 3 and Section 5 - mode: Slow magnetic relaxation after a change in field trigger: A change in the ambient magnetic field of a shielded cylinder consequence: The 2015 paper measured a quasi time constant of 2.6 hours for domain relaxation, and says maximum permeability needs about four days at room temperature after each change. severity: moderate source: crawford2015 where: Abstract; Conclusion - mode: Difficult forming of the as-supplied ribbon trigger: Forming the ribbon before heat treatment consequence: The 2015 paper says the ribbon appears to have extremely high yield strength, so formability can be problematic. severity: low source: crawford2015 where: Metglas 2605SA1 Properties section side_effects: - text: Solid particles from grinding and sanding may irritate the eyes; vapors from cutting or welding are harmful if inhaled. affects: Eyes and airways of people working on the ribbon source: metglas-sds where: Section 3, Eyes and Inhalation handling: - text: 'The edges are very sharp: wear cut-resistant gloves and safety glasses when grinding, sanding, cutting or welding.' source: metglas-sds where: Section 7, Normal handling; Section 8, Personal protective equipment - text: Use mechanical ventilation when cutting, grinding, sanding or welding the ribbon. source: metglas-sds where: Section 8, Engineering controls - text: Store the ribbon where it is protected from physical damage and from moisture or other contamination. source: metglas-sds where: Section 7, Storage recommendations mitigations: - text: Field anneal at 370 degC for 2 hours in a field of 2400 A/m along the ribbon axis, the datasheet's reference treatment, to relieve stress and set the magnetic anisotropy. source: metglas-datasheet where: Section 4, introductory text - text: Allow about four days at room temperature for maximum permeability to be reached after a change in the magnetic environment. source: crawford2015 where: Conclusion uses: - application: electronics-and-chips device: Distribution, commercial and industrial transformer cores example: The datasheet lists 2605SA1 for single and three phase commercial, industrial and distribution transformers, with core loss of 0.17 W/kg or less at 60 Hz and 1.3 T. source: metglas-datasheet where: Introduction paragraph; Section 1 table - application: electronics-and-chips device: Magnetic shield for superconducting RF cavity cryomodules example: A 2015 Fermilab paper says 2605SA1 is useful as a magnetic shield for certain applications in superconducting RF cavity cryomodules, and measured its attenuation of a steady field of about 5x10-5 T. source: crawford2015 where: Introduction - application: electronics-and-chips device: Current transformers, high-frequency inductors and motors example: The manufacturer's product page lists current transformers, high-frequency inductors and motors among the applications for 2605SA1. source: metglas-web where: 2605SA1 product section, Applications supply: - subject: Iron producers: - country: Australia share_percent: 37.7 year: 2025 - country: Brazil share_percent: 16.2 year: 2025 - country: India share_percent: 11.9 year: 2025 - country: China share_percent: 11.2 year: 2025 critical_lists: [] recycling: 'USGS iron ore chapter: ''None'' for recycling, which refers readers to the Iron and Steel Scrap chapter.' substitutes: - 'USGS: the only source of primary iron is iron ore; DRI, iron nuggets and scrap are used extensively in steelmaking in electric arc furnaces.' source: usgs-mcs2026-iron where: World Mine Production and Reserves table, usable ore, 2025e (world total 2,600,000 thousand t; shares calculated by Space Mushroom against that total); Recycling; Substitutes - subject: Boron producers: [] critical_lists: - list: USGS 2025 List of Critical Minerals listed: true substitutes: [] source: usgs-mcs2026-iron where: 'Critical Minerals paragraph: boron was added to the 2025 list (USGS iron ore chapter, citing 90 FR 50494)' - subject: Silicon producers: [] critical_lists: - list: USGS 2025 List of Critical Minerals listed: true substitutes: [] source: usgs-mcs2026-iron where: 'Critical Minerals paragraph: silicon was added to the 2025 list (USGS iron ore chapter)' - subject: Silicon (silicon metal and ferrosilicon) abundance: 'USGS: world and domestic resources for making silicon metal and alloys are abundant, and the silicon comes from silica in natural forms such as quartzite. USGS prints that China accounted for almost 80% of global estimated production of silicon materials in 2025; the share of 80 here is that printed figure, not a calculation.' producers: - country: China share_percent: 80 year: 2025 - country: Brazil year: 2025 - country: Norway year: 2025 - country: Russia year: 2025 critical_lists: - list: USGS 2025 List of Critical Minerals listed: true recycling: Insignificant (USGS silicon chapter, Recycling line). substitutes: - Gallium arsenide and germanium are the principal substitutes for silicon in semiconductor and infrared applications (USGS silicon chapter). - Aluminum, silicon carbide, and silicomanganese can be substituted for ferrosilicon in some applications (USGS silicon chapter). source: usgs-mcs2026-silicon where: World Production table, 2025 column (thousand t, silicon content; Brazil, Norway and Russia as listed, China shares as printed in Events, Trends, and Issues); Recycling; Substitutes; Critical list paragraph - subject: Boron (borate minerals and refined borates) abundance: 'USGS reserves, Reserves column (thousand t): United States 48,000; Turkey 950,000; Russia 40,000; Chile 35,000; China 9,100 as boric oxide equivalent; Peru 4,000. 2025 production, thousand t, as printed: Turkey refined borates 1,500; Bolivia ulexite 380; Chile ulexite 300; China boric oxide equivalent 230; Peru crude borates 220; Argentina crude ore 170; Russia datolite ore 80; Germany compounds 40. Forms and bases differ and USGS gives no world total, so no producer share is calculated. For 2021 to 2024, USGS lists Turkey at 90% of United States boron imports, all forms. USGS says world resources are adequate for the foreseeable future.' producers: - country: Turkey year: 2025 - country: Bolivia year: 2025 - country: Chile year: 2025 - country: China year: 2025 - country: Peru year: 2025 - country: Argentina year: 2025 - country: Russia year: 2025 - country: Germany year: 2025 critical_lists: - list: USGS 2025 List of Critical Minerals listed: true recycling: Insignificant (USGS boron chapter, Recycling line). substitutes: - Sodium percarbonate can replace borates in detergents, and it requires lower temperatures to undergo hydrolysis, which is an environmental consideration (USGS boron chapter). source: usgs-mcs2026-boron where: Salient Statistics (Recycling; Import Sources 2021 to 2024); World Production and Reserves table (2024 and 2025 production, Reserves column); Critical list paragraph; Substitutes documents: - title: 'METGLAS Amorphous Alloys for Transformer Cores: 2605SA1 and 2605HB1M technical data (25 pages, dated 29 April 2011)' type: datasheet url: https://metglas.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/06/2605SA1-Magnetic-Alloy-Updated.pdf year: 2011 - title: 'METGLAS 2605 SA1 Iron Based Alloy: Material Safety Data Sheet (FRM 8200.005 Rev. 02)' type: sds url: https://metglas.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/12/METGLAS-2605-SA1-Iron-Based-Alloy.pdf year: 2013 - title: Observation of Magnetic Superviscosity in Metglas 2605SA1 (arXiv:1511.05127) type: paper url: https://arxiv.org/pdf/1511.05127 year: 2015 - title: Mineral Commodity Summaries 2026, Iron Ore (USGS) type: report url: https://pubs.usgs.gov/periodicals/mcs2026/mcs2026-iron-ore.pdf year: 2026 - title: Mineral Commodity Summaries 2026, Silicon (USGS) type: report url: https://pubs.usgs.gov/periodicals/mcs2026/mcs2026-silicon.pdf year: 2026 - title: Mineral Commodity Summaries 2026, Boron (USGS) type: report url: https://pubs.usgs.gov/periodicals/mcs2026/mcs2026-boron.pdf year: 2026 - title: PubChem compound record for cobalt (CID 104730), GHS Classification type: database url: https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/Cobalt gaps: - No corrosion rate, humidity test, salt-spray result or exposure time for 2605SA1 was found in the sources read; the only corrosion statement is the SDS line that moisture and corrosive materials can attack the product. - No UNS, EN, ASTM, JIS or AISI designation for 2605SA1 was printed in the sources read. Only the trade names METGLAS 2605 SA1 and 2605SA1 are listed. - No atomic-percent composition was read. The composition is the SDS weight-percent ranges, which the 2015 paper also quotes; the SDS does not say whether the ranges are weight or atomic percent, but the table is headed weight %. - The datasheet is dated 29 April 2011, and its table values are marked not guaranteed. No newer datasheet was found in this run. - The product page does not list 2605SA1 among the shielding alloys (it lists 2705M, 2714A and 2826MB for shielding). The magnetic shield use rests on the 2015 Fermilab paper alone. - No vacuum, cryogenic, radiation or flight data for 2605SA1 were found in the sources read; the 2015 shield measurement was a ground test in a single cylindrical geometry. - Maximum DC permeability on the product page carries no unit; it is entered as a dimensionless value, as the 2015 paper describes it. - 'Supply: the USGS iron ore chapter gives production shares for iron only. The USGS boron chapter gives producer quantities but no world total, so no boron producer share is calculated. For silicon, USGS prints only that China accounted for almost 80% of global production. No crustal abundance for boron or silicon was read.' - Hardness, saturation induction, core loss, lamination factor, magnetostriction, crystallization temperature and magnetic relaxation time use names outside the canonical list (property-canon.yaml), as no canonical name fits. sources: metglas-datasheet: title: 'METGLAS Amorphous Alloys for Transformer Cores: 2605SA1 and 2605HB1M technical data' id: Metglas, Inc. technical data, 25 pages, dated 29 April 2011 (PDF modified 2021) url: https://metglas.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/06/2605SA1-Magnetic-Alloy-Updated.pdf year: 2011 kind: datasheet license: manufacturer document, linked not reproduced metglas-web: title: 'METGLAS Magnetic Materials: 2605SA1 product section (General Properties and Characteristics)' id: Metglas, Inc. product page, undated; news item on the page is dated April 2026 url: https://metglas.com/magnetic-materials/ year: 2026 kind: web license: manufacturer web page, linked not reproduced metglas-sds: title: 'Material Safety Data Sheet: METGLAS 2605 SA1 Iron Based Alloy' id: FRM 8200.005 Rev. 02; initial release October 2003, revision 02 dated 04/16/13 url: https://metglas.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/12/METGLAS-2605-SA1-Iron-Based-Alloy.pdf year: 2013 kind: datasheet license: supplier document, linked not reproduced crawford2015: title: Observation of Magnetic Superviscosity in Metglas 2605SA1 id: arXiv:1511.05127 (A. C. Crawford, Fermilab, 16 November 2015) url: https://arxiv.org/pdf/1511.05127 year: 2015 kind: paper license: arXiv preprint usgs-mcs2026-iron: title: Mineral Commodity Summaries 2026, Iron Ore id: USGS MCS 2026, February 2026 url: https://pubs.usgs.gov/periodicals/mcs2026/mcs2026-iron-ore.pdf year: 2026 kind: report license: public domain (USGS) usgs-mcs2026-silicon: title: Mineral Commodity Summaries 2026, Silicon id: USGS MCS 2026, February 2026 url: https://pubs.usgs.gov/periodicals/mcs2026/mcs2026-silicon.pdf year: 2026 kind: report license: public domain (USGS) usgs-mcs2026-boron: title: Mineral Commodity Summaries 2026, Boron id: USGS MCS 2026, February 2026 url: https://pubs.usgs.gov/periodicals/mcs2026/mcs2026-boron.pdf year: 2026 kind: report license: public domain (USGS) pubchem-cobalt: title: PubChem compound summary for cobalt (CID 104730), GHS Classification id: PubChem CID 104730 (Cobalt), NCBI PubChem url: https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/Cobalt kind: database license: NCBI PubChem, free public database license: CC-BY-4.0 updated: '2026-11-01' review: status: draft method: assistant checked_values: 21 unreachable: 0 caveats: 2 note: Read by an AI assistant on 2026-11-01 from the cited datasheet, product page, SDS, 2015 paper and USGS chapter; values copied as printed. Shares of iron production are calculated from the USGS table. story: recipe: line: METGLAS 2605SA1 is a ribbon of iron with silicon and boron. The SDS gives weight ranges rather than a fixed formula. The ribbon is amorphous, so it has no crystal structure and no grain boundaries, as the 2015 paper notes. parts: - name: Iron symbol: Fe share_percent: 85 share_high: 95 role: Main constituent of the ribbon; the SDS gives a weight range. source: metglas-sds where: Section 2, Composition table, weight % - name: Silicon symbol: Si share_percent: 5 share_high: 10 role: Alloying element; the SDS gives a weight range. source: metglas-sds where: Section 2, Composition table, weight % - name: Boron symbol: B share_percent: 1 share_high: 5 role: Alloying element; the SDS gives a weight range. source: metglas-sds where: Section 2, Composition table, weight % - name: Cobalt and nickel role: Trace impurities listed in the SDS; no amount is given. share_note: trace, not quantified source: metglas-sds where: Section 2 and Section 3, carcinogen table risk_groups: - title: For people level: 1 verdict: Non-hazardous as shipped lead: The supplier's safety data sheet classes the ribbon as non-hazardous as shipped. The sharp edges are the main hazard. points: - label: Edges line: The edges are very sharp. The SDS asks for cut-resistant gloves and safety glasses when the ribbon is ground, sanded, cut or welded. - label: Dust and fumes line: Vapors and fumes from grinding, sanding, cutting or welding are harmful if inhaled. The SDS asks for mechanical ventilation during those operations. - label: Trace metals line: Trace cobalt and nickel are listed as IARC group 2B (possible carcinogen). The SDS gives no amount for them. - title: If the ribbon is heated or burns level: 2 verdict: Toxic fumes if melted lead: These points come from the SDS and are not based on field incidents. points: - label: Melting range line: The SDS gives a melting range of 1,133 to 1,178 degC. If the ribbon melts or burns in a fire, toxic vapors and metallic fumes may be released. - label: Fire line: The SDS says the product may burn in a structural fire and recommends self-contained breathing apparatus against the fumes. - title: Handling and storage points: - label: Storage line: The SDS says to store the ribbon where it is protected from physical damage and from moisture or other contamination. - label: Incompatibility line: The SDS says the product can be attacked by moisture and corrosive materials. why: METGLAS 2605SA1 is an iron-based amorphous metal ribbon made by Metglas, Inc. Its atoms do not sit in a crystal lattice, so the ribbon has no grain boundaries, as a 2015 Fermilab paper explains. The manufacturer offers it for transformer cores, current transformers and high-frequency inductors. The same 2015 paper tested it as a magnetic shield for superconducting RF cavity cryomodules, which is the space-adjacent use in this profile. uses: - where: Transformer cores line: The manufacturer's datasheet lists 2605SA1 for single and three phase commercial, industrial and distribution transformers. The core loss limit is 0.17 W/kg at 60 Hz and 1.3 T. - where: Magnetic shield for superconducting RF cryomodules line: A 2015 Fermilab paper says 2605SA1 is useful as a magnetic shield for certain superconducting RF cavity cryomodules. The authors measured its shielding of a steady field of about 5x10-5 T. can_do: - label: Saturation induction benchmark: saturation_induction line: The datasheet gives a saturation induction of 1.56 T for the ribbon. - label: Permeability benchmark: dc_permeability value: 45,000 to 600,000 line: The product page gives a maximum DC permeability of 600,000 when annealed and 45,000 as cast. The page prints no unit. - label: Shielding benchmark: effective_relative_permeability value: 57,000 after relaxation line: In the 2015 test of a cylindrical shield in an ambient field of about 5x10-5 T, the effective relative permeability reached 57,000 after relaxation. Relaxation took a time constant of 2.6 hours. - label: Temperature benchmark: max_service_temp value: 150 degC line: The product page gives a continuous service temperature of 150 degC. compare: The manufacturer compares 2605SA1 with grade M3 electrical steel and says its core loss is 35% of M3 for finished cores. That comparison is the manufacturer's claim and was not measured independently in the sources read. The sources read do not compare 2605SA1 with other magnetic alloys. The table shows its values beside the figures in the datasheet. compare_rows: - label: Density benchmark: density - label: Saturation induction benchmark: saturation_induction - label: Curie temperature benchmark: curie_temperature handling: - The ribbon is non-hazardous as shipped, but its edges are very sharp. Wear cut-resistant gloves. - Ventilate when cutting, grinding, sanding or welding, and wear safety glasses. - Store it away from moisture and corrosive materials. - Anneal it in a field along the ribbon axis, at 370 degC for 2 hours, as the datasheet's reference treatment. good_for: - 'Transformer and current-transformer cores, where low core loss is the target: 0.17 W/kg or less at 60 Hz and 1.3 T (datasheet limit).' - 'Magnetic shielding of a steady field in a cylindrical shield, as the 2015 Fermilab test shows: effective relative permeability of 57,000 after relaxation.' watch_out: - 'Permeability relaxes slowly after a change in field: the time constant is 2.6 hours, and the 2015 paper says about four days are needed to reach maximum permeability.' - The as-supplied ribbon appears to have extremely high yield strength, so forming can be difficult. - No corrosion rate was found. The SDS only says moisture and corrosive materials can attack the product. verdict: METGLAS 2605SA1 is a transformer-core alloy with a well-documented datasheet. Its magnetic shield use is supported by one 2015 ground test, not by a manufacturer shielding table, and its long-term corrosion and space behaviour are not documented in the sources read.