spore: profile
spore_version: 0.2
id: haynes-282
family: nickel-alloys
name: Haynes 282 (UNS N07208)
abbreviation: Haynes 282
role: gamma-prime strengthened wrought superalloy for hot gas-path parts
category: metals
type: nickel-superalloys
summary: Haynes 282 (UNS N07208) is a wrought, gamma-prime strengthened nickel superalloy developed for creep strength in gas turbine hot parts, with good weldability. The manufacturer gives a room-temperature tensile strength of 1132 MPa for solution-annealed and age-hardened sheet. A 2022 NASA trade study rated the alloy ineligible for a nuclear thermal propulsion chamber, with a High hydrogen embrittlement rating.
best_for: Gas turbine combustor, transition and turbine parts that need creep strength and weldability at 1200 to 1700 °F (649 to 927 °C)
weakest_at: Hydrogen service (the 2022 NASA trade study rates its hydrogen embrittlement risk High) and long exposure at 1600 °F, which lowers plate yield strength from 705 MPa to 452 MPa over 16,000 h
identity:
  formula: Nickel-chromium-cobalt-molybdenum gamma-prime strengthened superalloy, nominal 57 Ni (balance), 20 Cr, 10 Co, 8.5 Mo, 2.1 Ti, 1.5 Al, 1.5 Fe max, 0.3 Mn max, 0.15 Si max, 0.06 C, 0.005 B (weight %)
  source: haynes-282-brochure
  where: Nominal Composition table (weight %); Principal Features page (UNS N07208), which says the creep strength is excellent 'in the temperature range of 1200 to 1700°F (649 to 927°C)'; Heat Treatment section, solution annealing 2050 to 2100°F (1121 to 1149°C)
  designations:
    - system: UNS
      code: N07208
      source: haynes-282-brochure
      where: Principal Features page, first paragraph; Specifications and Codes table
    - system: AMS
      code: '5951'
      note: sheet, plate and strip
      source: haynes-282-brochure
      where: Specifications and Codes table, Sheet, Plate & Strip row
    - system: AMS
      code: '5915'
      note: billet, rod, bar and forgings
      source: haynes-282-brochure
      where: Specifications and Codes table, Billet, Rod & Bar and Forgings rows
    - system: ASTM
      code: B 637
      note: billet, rod, bar and forgings
      source: haynes-282-brochure
      where: Specifications and Codes table, B 637 entries beside the Billet, Rod & Bar and Forgings rows
    - system: Trade name
      code: Haynes 282
      source: haynes-282-web
      where: Datasheet page title, HAYNES 282 alloy
tags:
  environments: []
  stresses: []
  applications:
    - propulsion-and-tanks
properties:
  - benchmark: density
    label: Density, solution annealed
    value: 8.27
    unit: g/cm3
    scope: material
    conditions:
      condition: solution annealed
      unit_in_source: 0.299 lb/in3
    method: Value printed in the manufacturer brochure Physical Properties table
    status: ground
    source: haynes-282-brochure
    where: Physical Properties table, Density (Solution Annealed) row, Metric Units column
  - benchmark: density
    label: Density, age-hardened
    value: 8.29
    unit: g/cm3
    scope: material
    conditions:
      condition: age-hardened 1850°F (1010°C)/2h/AC + 1450°F (788°C)/8h/AC
      unit_in_source: 0.300 lb/in3
    method: Value printed in the manufacturer brochure Physical Properties table
    status: ground
    source: haynes-282-brochure
    where: Physical Properties table, Density (Age-Hardened) row, Metric Units column
  - benchmark: melting_point
    label: Melting range
    value: 1300
    value_high: 1375
    bound: range
    unit: °C
    scope: material
    conditions:
      unit_in_source: 2370-2510°F
      pressure: not stated
    method: Melting range printed in the manufacturer brochure Physical Properties table
    status: ground
    source: haynes-282-brochure
    where: Physical Properties table, Melting Range row, Metric Units column
  - benchmark: gamma_prime_solvus
    label: Gamma-prime solvus temperature
    value: 997
    unit: °C
    scope: material
    conditions:
      unit_in_source: 1827°F
    method: Value printed in the manufacturer brochure Physical Properties table
    status: ground
    source: haynes-282-brochure
    where: Physical Properties table, Gamma-Prime Solvus row, Metric Units column
  - benchmark: specific_heat
    label: Specific heat at room temperature
    value: 436
    unit: J/Kg.°C
    scope: material
    conditions:
      temperature: room temperature (RT, as printed)
      condition: age-hardened (table footnote)
      unit_in_source: 0.104 Btu/lb.°F
    method: Value printed in the manufacturer brochure Physical Properties table
    status: ground
    source: haynes-282-brochure
    where: Physical Properties table, Specific Heat, RT row, Metric Units column
  - benchmark: specific_heat
    label: Specific heat at 1000 °C
    value: 676
    unit: J/Kg.°C
    scope: material
    conditions:
      temperature: 1000 °C (1000 °F, as printed)
      condition: age-hardened (table footnote)
      unit_in_source: 0.136 Btu/lb.°F
    method: Value printed in the manufacturer brochure Physical Properties table
    status: ground
    source: haynes-282-brochure
    where: Physical Properties table, Specific Heat, 1000°F / 1000°C row, Metric Units column
  - benchmark: thermal_conductivity
    label: Thermal conductivity at room temperature
    value: 10.3
    unit: W/m.°C
    scope: material
    conditions:
      temperature: room temperature (RT, as printed)
      condition: age-hardened (table footnote)
      unit_in_source: 72 Btu-in/ft2-h-°F
    method: Value printed in the manufacturer brochure Physical Properties table
    status: ground
    source: haynes-282-brochure
    where: Physical Properties table, Thermal Conductivity, RT row, Metric Units column
  - benchmark: thermal_conductivity
    label: Thermal conductivity at 1000 °C
    value: 28.9
    unit: W/m.°C
    scope: material
    conditions:
      temperature: 1000 °C (1000 °F, as printed)
      condition: age-hardened (table footnote)
      unit_in_source: 148 Btu-in/ft2-h-°F
    method: Value printed in the manufacturer brochure Physical Properties table
    status: ground
    source: haynes-282-brochure
    where: Physical Properties table, Thermal Conductivity, 1000°F / 1000°C row, Metric Units column
  - benchmark: cte
    label: Mean coefficient of thermal expansion at 100 °C
    value: 12.1
    unit: µm/m.°C
    scope: material
    conditions:
      temperature: 200°F / 100°C row of the mean coefficient table (reference interval as printed)
      condition: age-hardened (table footnote)
      unit_in_source: 6.7 µin/in.°F
    method: Value printed in the manufacturer brochure Physical Properties table
    status: ground
    source: haynes-282-brochure
    where: Physical Properties table, Mean Coefficient of Thermal Expansion, 200°F / 100°C row, Metric Units column
  - benchmark: cte
    label: Mean coefficient of thermal expansion at 1000 °C
    value: 16.9
    unit: µm/m.°C
    scope: material
    conditions:
      temperature: 1000°F / 1000°C row of the mean coefficient table (reference interval as printed)
      condition: age-hardened (table footnote)
      unit_in_source: 7.5 µin/in.°F
    method: Value printed in the manufacturer brochure Physical Properties table
    status: ground
    source: haynes-282-brochure
    where: Physical Properties table, Mean Coefficient of Thermal Expansion, 1000°F / 1000°C row, Metric Units column
  - benchmark: elastic_modulus
    label: Dynamic modulus of elasticity at room temperature
    value: 217
    unit: GPa
    scope: material
    conditions:
      temperature: room temperature (RT, as printed)
      method_in_source: dynamic modulus, not static
      unit_in_source: 31.5 x 10^6 psi
    method: Value printed in the manufacturer brochure Physical Properties table; dynamic, not static
    status: ground
    source: haynes-282-brochure
    where: Physical Properties table, Dynamic Modulus of Elasticity, RT row, Metric column
  - benchmark: elastic_modulus
    label: Dynamic modulus of elasticity at 1000 °C
    value: 140
    unit: GPa
    scope: material
    conditions:
      temperature: 1000 °C (1000 °F, as printed)
      method_in_source: dynamic modulus, not static
      unit_in_source: 27.2 x 10^6 psi
    method: Value printed in the manufacturer brochure Physical Properties table; dynamic, not static
    status: ground
    source: haynes-282-brochure
    where: Physical Properties table, Dynamic Modulus of Elasticity, 1000°F / 1000°C row, Metric column
  - benchmark: shear_modulus
    label: Dynamic shear modulus at room temperature
    value: 82
    unit: GPa
    scope: material
    conditions:
      temperature: room temperature (RT, as printed)
      unit_in_source: 11.9 x 10^6 psi
    method: Value printed in the manufacturer brochure Physical Properties table
    status: ground
    source: haynes-282-brochure
    where: Physical Properties (continued) table, Dynamic Shear Modulus, RT row, Metric units column
  - benchmark: poissons_ratio
    label: Poisson's ratio at room temperature
    value: 0.319
    unit: '-'
    scope: material
    conditions:
      temperature: room temperature (RT, as printed)
    method: Value printed in the manufacturer brochure Physical Properties table
    status: ground
    source: haynes-282-brochure
    where: Physical Properties (continued) table, Poisson's Ratio, RT row
  - benchmark: electrical_resistivity
    label: Electrical resistivity at room temperature
    value: 126.1
    unit: µohm.cm
    scope: material
    conditions:
      temperature: room temperature (RT, as printed)
      unit_in_source: 49.7 µohm.in
    method: Value printed in the manufacturer brochure Physical Properties table
    status: ground
    source: haynes-282-brochure
    where: Physical Properties table, Electrical Resistivity, RT row, Metric Units column
  - benchmark: yield_strength
    label: Yield strength 0.2% offset, sheet, room temperature
    value: 699
    unit: MPa
    scope: material
    conditions:
      product_form: sheet
      temperature: room temperature (RT, as printed)
      temper: solution annealed at 2100°F (1149°C) and age-hardened 1850°F (1010°C)/2h/AC + 1450°F (788°C)/8h/AC
      unit_in_source: 101.4 ksi
      measure: 0.2% offset
    method: Value printed in the manufacturer brochure tensile table, one test value per temperature
    status: ground
    source: haynes-282-brochure
    where: Tensile Properties, Solution Annealed and Age-Hardened Sheet table, RT row, 0.2% Offset Yield Strength column
  - benchmark: ultimate_tensile_strength
    label: Ultimate tensile strength, sheet, room temperature
    value: 1132
    unit: MPa
    scope: material
    conditions:
      product_form: sheet
      temperature: room temperature (RT, as printed)
      temper: solution annealed at 2100°F (1149°C) and age-hardened 1850°F (1010°C)/2h/AC + 1450°F (788°C)/8h/AC
      unit_in_source: 164.2 ksi
    method: Value printed in the manufacturer brochure tensile table
    status: ground
    source: haynes-282-brochure
    where: Tensile Properties, Solution Annealed and Age-Hardened Sheet table, RT row, Ultimate Tensile Strength column
  - benchmark: elongation
    label: Elongation, sheet, room temperature
    value: 30
    unit: '%'
    scope: material
    conditions:
      product_form: sheet
      temperature: room temperature (RT, as printed)
      temper: solution annealed and age-hardened
      gauge_length: not stated
    method: Value printed in the manufacturer brochure tensile table
    status: ground
    source: haynes-282-brochure
    where: Tensile Properties, Solution Annealed and Age-Hardened Sheet table, RT row, Elongation column
  - benchmark: yield_strength
    label: Yield strength 0.2% offset, sheet, 1400 °F
    value: 612
    unit: MPa
    scope: material
    conditions:
      product_form: sheet
      temperature: 1400 °F (760 °C)
      temper: solution annealed and age-hardened
      unit_in_source: 88.7 ksi
      measure: 0.2% offset
    method: Value printed in the manufacturer brochure tensile table
    status: ground
    source: haynes-282-brochure
    where: Tensile Properties, Solution Annealed and Age-Hardened Sheet table, 1400 °F / 760 °C row, 0.2% Offset Yield Strength column
  - benchmark: ultimate_tensile_strength
    label: Ultimate tensile strength, sheet, 1400 °F
    value: 833
    unit: MPa
    scope: material
    conditions:
      product_form: sheet
      temperature: 1400 °F (760 °C)
      temper: solution annealed and age-hardened
      unit_in_source: 120.8 ksi
    method: Value printed in the manufacturer brochure tensile table
    status: ground
    source: haynes-282-brochure
    where: Tensile Properties, Solution Annealed and Age-Hardened Sheet table, 1400 °F / 760 °C row, Ultimate Tensile Strength column
  - benchmark: elongation
    label: Elongation, sheet, 1400 °F
    value: 22
    unit: '%'
    scope: material
    conditions:
      product_form: sheet
      temperature: 1400 °F (760 °C)
      temper: solution annealed and age-hardened
      gauge_length: not stated
    method: Value printed in the manufacturer brochure tensile table
    status: ground
    source: haynes-282-brochure
    where: Tensile Properties, Solution Annealed and Age-Hardened Sheet table, 1400 °F / 760 °C row, Elongation column
  - benchmark: yield_strength
    label: Yield strength 0.2% offset, plate, room temperature
    value: 715
    unit: MPa
    scope: material
    conditions:
      product_form: plate
      temperature: room temperature (RT, as printed)
      temper: solution annealed at 2075°F (1135°C) and age-hardened
      unit_in_source: 103.7 ksi
      measure: 0.2% offset
    method: Value printed in the manufacturer brochure tensile table
    status: ground
    source: haynes-282-brochure
    where: Tensile Properties, Solution Annealed and Age-Hardened Plate table, RT row, 0.2% Offset Yield Strength column
  - benchmark: ultimate_tensile_strength
    label: Ultimate tensile strength, plate, room temperature
    value: 1147
    unit: MPa
    scope: material
    conditions:
      product_form: plate
      temperature: room temperature (RT, as printed)
      temper: solution annealed at 2075°F (1135°C) and age-hardened
      unit_in_source: 166.4 ksi
    method: Value printed in the manufacturer brochure tensile table
    status: ground
    source: haynes-282-brochure
    where: Tensile Properties, Solution Annealed and Age-Hardened Plate table, RT row, Ultimate Tensile Strength column
  - benchmark: yield_strength
    label: Yield strength 0.2% offset, plate, unexposed (0 h)
    value: 705
    unit: MPa
    scope: material
    conditions:
      product_form: plate
      temperature: room temperature
      exposure: none (0 h), age-hardened 1850°F (1010°C)/2h/AC + 1450°F (788°C)/8h/AC
      unit_in_source: 102 ksi
    method: Value printed in the manufacturer brochure room-temperature thermal exposure table, 0 h row
    status: ground
    source: haynes-282-brochure
    where: Room Temperature Properties of Plate after Thermal Exposure table, 0 h row, 0.2% Offset Yield Strength column
  - benchmark: yield_strength
    label: Yield strength after 16,000 h at 1600 °F, plate, room temperature
    value: 452
    unit: MPa
    scope: material
    conditions:
      product_form: plate
      exposure: 1600 °F (871 °C) for 16,000 h, age-hardened starting condition
      test_temperature: room temperature
      unit_in_source: 66 ksi
    method: Value printed in the manufacturer brochure room-temperature thermal exposure table, 16,000 h row
    status: ground
    source: haynes-282-brochure
    where: Room Temperature Properties of Plate after Thermal Exposure table, 1600 (871) 16,000 h row, 0.2% Offset Yield Strength column
  - benchmark: yield_strength
    label: Yield strength after 1,000 h at 1400 °F, sheet, room temperature
    value: 718
    unit: MPa
    scope: material
    conditions:
      product_form: sheet
      exposure: 1400 °F (760 °C) for 1,000 h
      test_temperature: room temperature
      unit_in_source: 104.1 ksi
    method: Value printed in the manufacturer brochure thermal stability table (sheet, room-temperature tensile after exposure)
    status: ground
    source: haynes-282-brochure
    where: Comparative Thermal Stability table, Room Temperature Tensile Data, Exposed at 1400°F (760°C) for 1,000 hours, row 282, 0.2% Yield Strength column
  - benchmark: elongation
    label: Elongation after exposure, sheet, 1,000 h at 1400 °F, room temperature
    value: 22.8
    unit: '%'
    scope: material
    conditions:
      product_form: sheet
      exposure: 1400 °F (760 °C) for 1,000 h
      test_temperature: room temperature
    method: Value printed in the manufacturer brochure thermal stability table (sheet, room-temperature tensile after exposure)
    status: ground
    source: haynes-282-brochure
    where: Comparative Thermal Stability table, Room Temperature Tensile Data, Exposed at 1400°F (760°C) for 1,000 hours, row 282, Elongation column
  - benchmark: hardness
    label: Rockwell B hardness, solution annealed sheet, room temperature
    value: 90
    unit: HRBW
    scope: material
    conditions:
      form: sheet
      condition: solution annealed at 2100°F (1149°C)
      scale: HRBW (tungsten indenter)
    method: Value printed in the manufacturer brochure hardness table (average, room temperature)
    status: ground
    source: haynes-282-brochure
    where: Hardness table, Form Sheet row, Solution Annealed column
  - benchmark: hardness
    label: Rockwell C hardness, age-hardened sheet, room temperature
    value: 30
    unit: HRC
    scope: material
    conditions:
      form: sheet
      condition: age-hardened 1850°F (1010°C)/2h/AC + 1450°F (788°C)/8h/AC
      scale: HRC
    method: Value printed in the manufacturer brochure hardness table (average, room temperature)
    status: ground
    source: haynes-282-brochure
    where: Hardness table, Form Sheet row, Age-hardened column
  - benchmark: stress_for_1pct_creep_1000h
    label: Stress for 1% creep in 1,000 h at 1400 °F, sheet
    value: 241
    unit: MPa
    scope: material
    conditions:
      product_form: sheet
      temperature: 1400 °F (760 °C)
      time: 1,000 h
      condition: age-hardened
      unit_in_source: 35 ksi
    method: Value printed in the manufacturer brochure comparative creep-rupture table (282 column)
    status: ground
    source: haynes-282-brochure
    where: Comparative Creep-Rupture Properties table, Stress to Produce 1% Creep in 1000 h, 1400 / 760 row, 282 column
  - benchmark: stress_rupture_1000h
    label: Stress to rupture in 1,000 h at 1400 °F, sheet
    value: 262
    unit: MPa
    scope: material
    conditions:
      product_form: sheet
      temperature: 1400 °F (760 °C)
      time: 1,000 h
      condition: age-hardened
      unit_in_source: 38 ksi
    method: Value printed in the manufacturer brochure comparative creep-rupture table (282 column)
    status: ground
    source: haynes-282-brochure
    where: Comparative Creep-Rupture Properties table, Stress to Produce Rupture in 1000 h, 1400 / 760 row, 282 column
  - benchmark: oxidation_metal_loss
    label: Metal loss in flowing air, 1600 °F, 1,008 h
    value: 0.2
    unit: mils
    scope: material
    conditions:
      temperature: 1600 °F (871 °C)
      exposure: 1,008 h, flowing air, six cycles of 168 h
      unit_in_source: 5 µm
    method: Value printed in the manufacturer brochure static oxidation table
    status: ground
    source: haynes-282-brochure
    where: Comparative Oxidation Resistance table, 282 row, 1600°F (871°C) Metal Loss column
  - benchmark: oxidation_avg_metal_affected
    label: Average metal affected in flowing air, 1800 °F, 1,008 h
    value: 1.8
    unit: mils
    scope: material
    conditions:
      temperature: 1800 °F (982 °C)
      exposure: 1,008 h, flowing air, six cycles of 168 h
      unit_in_source: 46 µm
    method: Value printed in the manufacturer brochure static oxidation table
    status: ground
    source: haynes-282-brochure
    where: Comparative Oxidation Resistance table, 282 row, 1800°F (982°C) Avg. Met. Aff. column
  - benchmark: dynamic_oxidation_metal_loss
    label: Metal loss in burner rig, 1800 °F, 1,000 h, 30-minute cycles
    value: 8
    unit: mils
    scope: material
    conditions:
      temperature: 1800 °F (982 °C)
      exposure: 1,000 h, 30-minute cycles, burner rig
      unit_in_source: 203 µm
    method: Value printed in the manufacturer brochure dynamic oxidation table
    status: ground
    source: haynes-282-brochure
    where: Dynamic Oxidation table, 1800°F (982°C) 1000 hours, 30 minute cycles, 282 row, Metal Loss column
corrosion:
  - environment: Flowing air, 1600 °F (871 °C), 1,008 h, static exposure
    headline: Oxidation loss at 1600 °F is small over 1,008 hours in flowing air.
    effect: Metal loss was 0.2 mils (5 µm) and average metal affected was 0.6 mils (15 µm) in 1,008 hours of flowing air at 1600 °F (871 °C), per the brochure's static oxidation table.
    rating: low
    conditions:
      exposure: 1,008 h, flowing air, six 168 h cycles
      temperature: 1600 °F (871 °C)
    source: haynes-282-brochure
    where: Oxidation Resistance, Comparative Oxidation Resistance table, 282 row, 1600°F columns
  - environment: Flowing air, 1800 °F (982 °C), 1,008 h, static exposure
    headline: At 1800 °F the affected layer is thin compared with the metal loss allowance.
    effect: Metal loss was 0.2 mils (5 µm) and average metal affected was 1.8 mils (46 µm) in 1,008 hours of flowing air at 1800 °F (982 °C). The brochure states lower average metal affected than Waspaloy at this temperature.
    rating: low
    conditions:
      exposure: 1,008 h, flowing air
      temperature: 1800 °F (982 °C)
    source: haynes-282-brochure
    where: Oxidation Resistance, Comparative Oxidation Resistance table, 282 row, 1800°F columns
  - environment: Burner-rig combustion gases, 1800 °F (982 °C), 1,000 h, 30-minute cycles
    headline: Combustion-gas oxidation at 1800 °F removes measurable wall thickness.
    effect: Metal loss was 8.0 mils (203 µm) and average metal affected was 13.0 mils (330 µm) in the burner-rig test at 1800 °F (982 °C) for 1,000 hours with 30-minute cycles. The same table lists 12.5 mils (318 µm) metal loss for 263 alloy.
    rating: moderate
    conditions:
      exposure: 1,000 h, 30-minute cycles, fuel-oil combustion gas, about 0.3 Mach
      temperature: 1800 °F (982 °C)
    source: haynes-282-brochure
    where: Oxidation Resistance, Dynamic Oxidation Testing (Burner Rig) table, 282 row, 1800°F column
risks:
  hazards:
    - text: 'The Haynes general SDS H2071-12 lists HAYNES 282 alloy in Section 1, with ''Danger: Carcinogenicity (Category 1A)'' (H350), ''Danger: Respiratory sensitization'' (H334), ''Warning: Skin sensitization'' (H317), ''Warning, Skin irritation'' (H315), ''Warning: Acute toxicity, inhalation'' (H332) and ''Warning, Acute toxicity, oral'' (H302) for dust and metal fume.'
      ghs:
        - H350
        - H334
        - H317
        - H315
        - H332
        - H302
      source: sds-h2071
      where: Section 2.1 GHS Hazard Classification table; the label information page lists HAYNES 282 alloy among products that create dust and fume
    - text: The same SDS says the health hazards 'do not apply under normal handling and use of these products in solid form', and rates the solid article 0 for health, flammability and reactivity.
      ghs: []
      source: sds-h2071
      where: Section 2 introduction; HMIS rating note after the hazard table, solid article
  failure_risks:
    - mode: Hydrogen embrittlement in a nuclear thermal propulsion chamber
      trigger: Hydrogen environment in a regenerative chamber, rated in a 2022 NASA trade study that infers properties from similar materials
      consequence: The JANNAF 2022 trade study rates the hydrogen environmental embrittlement of H282 as 'Not Available (High)' and lists Haynes 282 as 'Ineligible' for the chamber. The brochure gives no hydrogen test for this alloy.
      severity: high
      source: nasa-ntp-jannaf
      where: 'Material Trade: Hydrogen Embrittlement table, row H282; Conclusions table, row Haynes 282 (Ineligible, H2 Risk High)'
    - mode: Strength loss after long exposure at 1600 °F
      trigger: 16,000 h at 1600 °F (871 °C) on age-hardened plate
      consequence: Room-temperature 0.2% yield strength fell from 705 MPa (102 ksi) before exposure to 452 MPa (66 ksi) after 16,000 h at 1600 °F (871 °C). Elongation in the same table reached 33% after exposure.
      severity: moderate
      source: haynes-282-brochure
      where: Room Temperature Properties of Plate after Thermal Exposure table, 0 h and 16,000 h rows
    - mode: Wall loss in combustion gas at 1800 °F
      trigger: Burner-rig exposure at 1800 °F (982 °C) with 30-minute thermal cycles for 1,000 h
      consequence: Metal loss of 8.0 mils (203 µm) with an average affected layer of 13.0 mils (330 µm). Parts at this temperature need allowance for wall loss.
      severity: moderate
      source: haynes-282-brochure
      where: Dynamic Oxidation table, 282 row, 1800°F columns
  side_effects:
    - text: The brochure's new two-step heat treatments are covered by U.S. Patent No. 11,453.939 B2 and foreign patents; 'The purchase of our 282® alloy includes a license under these patents to use the method for 282® alloy and products made of 282® alloy.' Heat treatment that uses this method needs the supplier's licence terms.
      affects: Choice of heat treatment and procurement terms for alternative ageing
      source: haynes-282-h3240
      where: Alternate Heat Treatments for Improved Toughness, footnote on patent claims
  handling:
    - text: The brochure recommends gas tungsten arc (GTAW) or gas metal arc (GMAW) welding with bare 282 filler wire, and says submerged arc welding 'is not recommended due to the high heat input and increased weld restraint'.
      source: haynes-282-brochure
      where: Welding section, Filler Metal Selection and Welding processes
    - text: The brochure says the alloy 'should be welded in the solution-annealed condition, before it is subjected to the age-hardening treatment', and that interpass temperatures should be less than 200°F (93°C).
      source: haynes-282-brochure
      where: Welding section, Base Metal Preparation and Preheating, Interpass Temperatures, and Post-Weld Heat Treatment
    - text: The SDS precautionary statement P284 says to wear respiratory protection 'In case of inadequate ventilation'. Use local ventilation when grinding, cutting or welding.
      source: sds-h2071
      where: Section 2.2 precautionary statements, P284
  mitigations:
    - text: Use the brochure's standard two-step age hardening after welding or fabrication, which the brochure gives as 1850°F (1010°C)/2h/AC + 1450°F (788°C)/8h/AC.
      source: haynes-282-brochure
      where: Heat Treatment section
uses:
  - application: propulsion-and-tanks
    device: Aero-engine and gas turbine hot-section parts (combustors, transition ducts, turbine and exhaust sections, nozzle components)
    example: The brochure says the alloy is 'developed for applications in engines for aircraft' and suits 'critical gas turbine applications found in the combustors, turbine and exhaust sections, and nozzle components'.
    source: haynes-282-brochure
    where: Principal Features, Applications; Typical Applications page
  - application: propulsion-and-tanks
    device: Nuclear thermal propulsion regenerative chamber (evaluated, not selected)
    example: A JANNAF 2022 NASA trade study lists Haynes 282 among the materials examined for a nuclear thermal propulsion chamber and rates it Ineligible. The study's LP-DED list also rules it out for that process.
    source: nasa-ntp-jannaf
    where: Selection of traditional and advanced materials list; Conclusions table, row Haynes 282; Manufacturability table
supply:
  - subject: Nickel
    producers:
      - country: Indonesia
        share_percent: 66.7
        year: 2025
      - country: Philippines
        share_percent: 6.9
        year: 2025
      - country: Russia
        share_percent: 5.1
        year: 2025
      - country: New Caledonia
        share_percent: 3.6
        year: 2025
      - country: Canada
        share_percent: 3.6
        year: 2025
    critical_lists:
      - list: USGS 2025 List of Critical Minerals (final list, read from the USGS web page)
        listed: true
    recycling: 'USGS nickel summary: ''In 2025, nickel recovered from scrap accounted for approximately 60% of apparent consumption.'''
    substitutes:
      - 'USGS nickel summary: ''Titanium alloys can substitute for nickel or nickel-base alloys in corrosive environments.'''
    source: usgs-mcs2026-nickel
    where: World Mine Production and Reserves table, 2025e column (shares calculated by Space Mushroom against the 3,900,000 t world total); Recycling; Substitutes; critical list from usgs-crit2025
  - subject: Cobalt
    producers:
      - country: Congo (Kinshasa)
        share_percent: 73
        year: 2025
      - country: Indonesia
        share_percent: 14
        year: 2025
    critical_lists:
      - list: USGS 2025 List of Critical Minerals (final list, read from the USGS web page)
        listed: true
    recycling: 'USGS cobalt summary: ''In 2025, cobalt content of purchased scrap represented 25% of estimated cobalt consumption.'''
    substitutes:
      - 'USGS cobalt summary: ''Depending on the application, substitution for cobalt could result in a loss in product performance or increased cost.'''
    source: usgs-mcs2026-cobalt
    where: Events, Trends, and Issues (printed shares of world total for 2025); Recycling; Substitutes; critical list from usgs-crit2025
  - subject: Molybdenum
    producers:
      - country: China
        share_percent: 37.3
        year: 2025
      - country: Chile
        share_percent: 16.2
        year: 2025
      - country: United States
        share_percent: 15.4
        year: 2025
      - country: Peru
        share_percent: 15
        year: 2025
      - country: Mexico
        share_percent: 6.5
        year: 2025
    critical_lists:
      - list: USGS 2025 List of Critical Minerals (final list, read from the USGS web page)
        listed: false
    recycling: 'USGS molybdenum summary: ''Molybdenum is recycled as a component of catalysts, ferrous scrap, and superalloy scrap.'''
    substitutes:
      - 'USGS molybdenum summary: ''There is little substitution for molybdenum in its major application in steels and cast irons.'''
    source: usgs-mcs2026-molybdenum
    where: World Mine Production and Reserves table, 2025e column (shares calculated by Space Mushroom against the 260,000 t world total); Events, Trends, and Issues (China, Chile, United States, Peru and Mexico together 90% of output)
documents:
  - title: HAYNES 282 alloy brochure, H-3173F (Haynes International, 2022)
    type: datasheet
    url: https://haynesintl.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/08/282-brochure.pdf
    year: 2022
  - title: HAYNES 282 alloy product page and datasheet (Haynes International)
    type: datasheet
    url: https://haynesintl.com/en/datasheet/haynes-282-alloy
    year: 2026
  - title: Alternate Heat Treatments for Improved Toughness of HAYNES 282 alloy, H-3240b (Haynes International, 2026)
    type: datasheet
    url: https://haynesintl.com/wp-content/uploads/2026/04/282-h-3240.pdf
    year: 2026
  - title: EOS material data sheet, nickel alloy Haynes 282 powder for additive manufacturing
    type: datasheet
    url: https://eos.info/en-us/metal-solutions/metal-materials/data-sheets/mds-eos-nickelalloy-haynes-282
  - title: Nuclear Thermal Propulsion Material Trade for Additively Manufactured Regenerative Chambers, JANNAF 2022 (NASA)
    type: report
    url: https://ntrs.nasa.gov/api/citations/20220018322/downloads/2022-11-21-NTP-NNE-MaterialTrade_Pres.pdf
    year: 2022
  - title: Haynes International SDS H2071-12, Corrosion-resistant Alloys and High-temperature Alloys (2025)
    type: sds
    url: https://haynesintl.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/06/H2071-12-Corrosion-Resistant-Alloys-and-High-Temperature-Alloys-2025.pdf
    year: 2025
  - title: 'USGS Mineral Commodity Summaries 2026: Nickel'
    type: report
    url: https://pubs.usgs.gov/periodicals/mcs2026/mcs2026-nickel.pdf
    year: 2026
  - title: 'USGS Mineral Commodity Summaries 2026: Cobalt'
    type: report
    url: https://pubs.usgs.gov/periodicals/mcs2026/mcs2026-cobalt.pdf
    year: 2026
  - title: 'USGS Mineral Commodity Summaries 2026: Molybdenum'
    type: report
    url: https://pubs.usgs.gov/periodicals/mcs2026/mcs2026-molybdenum.pdf
    year: 2026
gaps:
  - No flight, vacuum, radiation, thermal-vacuum or atomic-oxygen result was found for Haynes 282; the only space-related sources are the NASA trade study and its ineligibility rating.
  - No hydrogen embrittlement test on Haynes 282 was found in the brochure or the H-3240b document; the only hydrogen data is the NASA JANNAF 2022 qualitative rating ('Not Available (High)').
  - 'No EN (1.xxxx material number) or DIN designation is printed for Haynes 282: the brochure''s DIN row shows a dash, so no EN or DIN code is listed.'
  - No aqueous corrosion data (acids, chlorides) for Haynes 282 was found; the brochure gives oxidation and burner-rig tables only.
  - Strain-age cracking (CHRT test), low-cycle fatigue, isothermal hardening kinetics and creep comparison charts are image-only in the brochure and were not read.
  - The H-3240b containment-factor table is garbled in the PDF text layer; containment values were not used.
  - The EOS data sheet gives composition and particle size for a powder for additive manufacturing; those are not used as wrought-alloy values. Its web page did not print the physical properties (readable only in a linked PDF).
  - 'Several benchmark names are not in property-canon.yaml and are used as snake_case: gamma_prime_solvus, hardness, stress_for_1pct_creep_1000h, stress_rupture_1000h, oxidation_metal_loss, oxidation_avg_metal_affected, dynamic_oxidation_metal_loss.'
  - Chromium and titanium supply (and their critical-list status) were not profiled in this run; only nickel, cobalt and molybdenum were read from USGS.
  - The USGS critical-list status was read from a summarising fetch of the USGS web page because the server blocks direct downloads; treat the listed and not-listed entries as read from that page, not from a PDF.
  - Atomic weights and atom counts are not given for alloy shares, because the composition is by weight.
  - The brochure's tensile values are typical manufacturer test values, not guaranteed minimums.
license: CC-BY-4.0
updated: '2026-11-02'
review:
  status: draft
  method: assistant
  checked_values: 34
  unreachable: 0
  caveats: 2
  note: 'Values were read by an AI assistant on 2026-11-02 from the Haynes 282 brochure PDF (text extracted with pdftotext), the Haynes 282 web datasheet, the H-3240b PDF, the NASA JANNAF 2022 PDF, the Haynes SDS H2071-12 PDF and the USGS MCS 2026 PDFs. Caveats: the critical-list status came from a summarising fetch of the USGS page; the supply shares are calculated from USGS tonnages.'
story:
  why: Haynes 282 (UNS N07208) is a wrought nickel superalloy that combines high creep strength with good weldability, according to its manufacturer, Haynes International. The brochure says its creep strength in the 1200 to 1700 °F (649 to 927 °C) range surpasses that of Waspaloy alloy, and that it resists strain-age cracking better than other alloys of its strength class. The alloy is supplied solution annealed and is then age-hardened in a two-step treatment that precipitates its strengthening phase. Its main use is in gas turbine hot-section parts.
  uses:
    - where: Gas turbine hot section
      line: The brochure says the alloy suits combustors, turbine and exhaust sections, and nozzle components in aero and industrial gas turbines.
    - where: Advanced steam and CO2 power plant (candidate)
      line: The brochure calls the alloy a strong candidate for advanced ultra-supercritical steam boilers and turbines, supercritical CO2 power cycles and concentrating solar power plants, where long creep life at 1400 °F (760 °C) is needed.
    - where: Nuclear thermal propulsion (evaluated, ineligible)
      line: A 2022 NASA trade study lists Haynes 282 as ineligible for a nuclear thermal propulsion regenerative chamber, and rates its hydrogen embrittlement risk as High.
  can_do:
    - label: Creep strength
      benchmark: stress_rupture_1000h
      value: 262 MPa to rupture in 1,000 h at 1400 °F
      line: At 1400 °F (760 °C), age-hardened sheet needs 262 MPa (38 ksi) to rupture in 1,000 hours, and 241 MPa (35 ksi) to reach 1% creep in the same time.
    - label: Room-temperature strength
      benchmark: ultimate_tensile_strength
      value: 1132 MPa
      line: Solution-annealed and age-hardened sheet yields at 699 MPa and breaks at 1132 MPa at room temperature, with 30% elongation.
    - label: Strength at 1400 °F
      benchmark: yield_strength
      value: 612 MPa
      line: The same sheet keeps a 0.2% yield strength of 612 MPa at 1400 °F (760 °C), with 22% elongation there.
    - label: Oxidation
      benchmark: oxidation_metal_loss
      value: 0.2 mils at 1600 °F
      line: In 1,008 hours of flowing air at 1600 °F (871 °C) the metal loss was 0.2 mils (5 µm). In a burner rig at 1800 °F (982 °C) for 1,000 hours it was 8.0 mils (203 µm).
    - label: Weight
      benchmark: density
      value: 8.27 g/cm3
      line: The density is 8.27 g/cm3 in the solution-annealed condition.
  compare: The brochure compares Haynes 282 with 263 alloy, R-41 and Waspaloy in the same sheet creep and oxidation tests. It says 1% creep strength is superior to Waspaloy across the whole 1200 to 1700 °F range, and that average metal affected at 1800 °F is lower than Waspaloy's. These comparisons are the manufacturer's own tests and not a ranking, and the brochure shows R-41 with higher room-temperature yield strength than 282.
  compare_rows:
    - label: Density
      benchmark: density
    - label: Thermal conductivity at room temperature
      benchmark: thermal_conductivity
    - label: Mean thermal expansion
      benchmark: cte
  handling:
    - Weld in the solution-annealed condition, using TIG or MIG with matching 282 filler, then age-harden.
    - Age-harden with the brochure's standard two-step treatment, 1850 °F (1010 °C) for 2 hours and 1450 °F (788 °C) for 8 hours, with air cooling after each step.
    - 'Plan for hydrogen: the NASA study rates the hydrogen risk High, so test before using it in hydrogen service.'
  good_for:
    - 'Creep-limited hot parts: 241 MPa gives 1% creep in 1,000 h at 1400 °F (760 °C), per the brochure.'
    - 'Weldability: the brochure says the alloy has a high resistance to strain-age cracking, so it is much more weldable than other alloys of similar strength.'
    - 'Ductility after long exposure: sheet exposed for 1,000 h at 1400 °F still elongates 22.8% at room temperature.'
  watch_out:
    - 'Hydrogen: the 2022 NASA trade study rates the hydrogen environmental embrittlement of Haynes 282 as High, and lists it as ineligible for a nuclear thermal chamber.'
    - 'Long exposure at 1600 °F: plate yield strength falls from 705 MPa to 452 MPa over 16,000 h.'
    - 'Dust and fume: the Haynes SDS classifies dust and welding fume from this alloy with H350 (may cause cancer) and H334.'
    - 'Heat treatment: the new two-step heat treatments are patent-covered, and buying the alloy includes a licence under those patents.'
  verdict: Haynes 282 is a creep-resistant nickel superalloy for gas turbine hot parts that welds more easily than alloys of similar strength. Its weak points are hydrogen service, which a 2022 NASA trade study rated High and ineligible, and long exposure at 1600 °F, which lowers yield strength.
  recipe:
    line: Haynes 282 is a nickel-based wrought superalloy made to the nominal composition in the brochure's Nominal Composition table. It is supplied solution annealed and is age-hardened after fabrication to reach its high strength.
    parts:
      - name: Nickel
        symbol: Ni
        share_note: balance (the rest of the alloy)
        role: Base element of the alloy; the brochure does not describe its role separately.
        source: haynes-282-brochure
        where: Nominal Composition table
      - name: Chromium
        symbol: Cr
        share_percent: 20
        share_note: nominal
        role: Alloying element; the brochure does not describe its role separately.
        source: haynes-282-brochure
        where: Nominal Composition table
      - name: Cobalt
        symbol: Co
        share_percent: 10
        share_note: nominal
        role: Alloying element; the brochure does not describe its role separately.
        source: haynes-282-brochure
        where: Nominal Composition table
      - name: Molybdenum
        symbol: Mo
        share_percent: 8.5
        share_note: nominal
        role: Alloying element; the brochure does not describe its role separately.
        source: haynes-282-brochure
        where: Nominal Composition table
      - name: Titanium
        symbol: Ti
        share_percent: 2.1
        share_note: nominal
        role: Alloying element; the brochure does not name the gamma-prime formers.
        source: haynes-282-brochure
        where: Nominal Composition table
      - name: Aluminium
        symbol: Al
        share_percent: 1.5
        share_note: nominal
        role: Alloying element; the brochure does not describe its role separately.
        source: haynes-282-brochure
        where: Nominal Composition table
      - name: Iron
        symbol: Fe
        share_percent: 1.5
        share_note: maximum
        role: Residual element with a maximum limit in the brochure's composition table.
        source: haynes-282-brochure
        where: Nominal Composition table
      - name: Manganese
        symbol: Mn
        share_percent: 0.3
        share_note: maximum
        role: Residual element with a maximum limit in the brochure's composition table.
        source: haynes-282-brochure
        where: Nominal Composition table
      - name: Silicon
        symbol: Si
        share_percent: 0.15
        share_note: maximum
        role: Residual element with a maximum limit in the brochure's composition table.
        source: haynes-282-brochure
        where: Nominal Composition table
      - name: Carbon
        symbol: C
        share_percent: 0.06
        share_note: nominal
        role: Interstitial element; the brochure does not describe its role separately.
        source: haynes-282-brochure
        where: Nominal Composition table
      - name: Boron
        symbol: B
        share_percent: 0.005
        share_note: nominal
        role: Trace element; the brochure does not describe its role separately.
        source: haynes-282-brochure
        where: Nominal Composition table
  risk_groups:
    - title: For people
      lead: The solid alloy is not expected to cause the health hazards in the Haynes SDS under normal handling. Dust and welding fume are the concern.
      level: 1
      verdict: Dust and fume carry the health hazards
      points:
        - label: Solid form
          line: The SDS says the health hazards do not apply under normal handling and use of these products in solid form.
        - label: Dust and fume
          line: The SDS classifies dust and fume from the alloy with H350 (may cause cancer), H334 (may cause allergy or asthma symptoms if inhaled) and H317 (may cause an allergic skin reaction).
        - label: Ventilation
          line: Use local ventilation when grinding, cutting or welding. The SDS advises respiratory protection where ventilation is inadequate.
    - title: If it fails
      lead: These are the failure routes found in the sources.
      level: 2
      verdict: Hydrogen is the high risk in NASA study
      points:
        - label: Hydrogen
          line: A 2022 NASA trade study rates the hydrogen environmental embrittlement of Haynes 282 as High, and lists it as ineligible for a nuclear thermal propulsion chamber.
        - label: Long exposure at 1600 °F
          line: After 16,000 h at 1600 °F (871 °C), age-hardened plate yield strength fell from 705 MPa to 452 MPa.
        - label: Combustion gas
          line: In a burner rig at 1800 °F (982 °C) for 1,000 h, the alloy lost 8.0 mils (203 µm) of metal.
    - title: Handling and storage
      lead: The brochure gives the welding and heat-treatment route.
      verdict: Weld solution annealed, then age-harden
      points:
        - label: Welding
          line: Use TIG or MIG welding with bare 282 filler wire. The brochure says submerged arc welding is not recommended.
        - label: Heat treatment
          line: Weld in the solution-annealed condition, then age-harden with 1850 °F (1010 °C) for 2 hours and 1450 °F (788 °C) for 8 hours.
        - label: Licence
          line: The brochure says the purchase of Haynes 282 includes a licence under the patents that cover its new heat treatments.
sources:
  haynes-282-brochure:
    title: HAYNES 282 alloy brochure, H-3173F (Haynes International, 2022)
    id: H-3173F
    url: https://haynesintl.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/08/282-brochure.pdf
    year: 2022
    kind: datasheet
    license: Manufacturer brochure (cited, not reproduced)
  haynes-282-web:
    title: HAYNES 282 alloy product page (Haynes International)
    id: haynes-282-alloy datasheet page
    url: https://haynesintl.com/en/datasheet/haynes-282-alloy
    year: 2026
    kind: datasheet
    license: Manufacturer web page (cited, not reproduced)
  haynes-282-h3240:
    title: Alternate Heat Treatments for Improved Toughness of HAYNES 282 alloy, H-3240b (Haynes International, 2026)
    id: H-3240b
    url: https://haynesintl.com/wp-content/uploads/2026/04/282-h-3240.pdf
    year: 2026
    kind: datasheet
    license: Manufacturer document (cited, not reproduced)
  eos-282:
    title: EOS material data sheet, nickel alloy Haynes 282 (powder for additive manufacturing)
    id: EOS MDS, Haynes 282
    url: https://eos.info/en-us/metal-solutions/metal-materials/data-sheets/mds-eos-nickelalloy-haynes-282
    kind: datasheet
    license: Supplier data sheet (cited, not reproduced)
  nasa-ntp-jannaf:
    title: Nuclear Thermal Propulsion Material Trade for Additively Manufactured Regenerative Chambers, JANNAF 2022 (NASA Space Nuclear Propulsion Project)
    id: NTRS 20220018322
    url: https://ntrs.nasa.gov/api/citations/20220018322/downloads/2022-11-21-NTP-NNE-MaterialTrade_Pres.pdf
    year: 2022
    kind: report
    license: Public release (NASA, statement A)
  sds-h2071:
    title: Haynes International Safety Data Sheet H2071-12, Corrosion-resistant Alloys and High-temperature Alloys (general SDS, 2025 PDF)
    id: H2071-12
    url: https://haynesintl.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/06/H2071-12-Corrosion-Resistant-Alloys-and-High-Temperature-Alloys-2025.pdf
    year: 2025
    kind: datasheet
    license: Supplier SDS (cited, not reproduced)
  usgs-mcs2026-nickel:
    title: Mineral Commodity Summaries 2026, Nickel
    id: USGS MCS 2026, February 2026
    url: https://pubs.usgs.gov/periodicals/mcs2026/mcs2026-nickel.pdf
    year: 2026
    kind: report
    license: public domain (USGS)
  usgs-mcs2026-cobalt:
    title: Mineral Commodity Summaries 2026, Cobalt
    id: USGS MCS 2026, February 2026
    url: https://pubs.usgs.gov/periodicals/mcs2026/mcs2026-cobalt.pdf
    year: 2026
    kind: report
    license: public domain (USGS)
  usgs-mcs2026-molybdenum:
    title: Mineral Commodity Summaries 2026, Molybdenum
    id: USGS MCS 2026, February 2026
    url: https://pubs.usgs.gov/periodicals/mcs2026/mcs2026-molybdenum.pdf
    year: 2026
    kind: report
    license: public domain (USGS)
  usgs-crit2025:
    title: About the 2025 List of Critical Minerals (USGS)
    id: Final 2025 List of Critical Minerals
    url: https://www.usgs.gov/programs/mineral-resources-program/science/about-2025-list-critical-minerals
    year: 2025
    kind: web
    license: public domain (USGS)