spore: profile
id: aluminium-7475
spore_version: 0.2
family: aluminium-alloys
name: Aluminium alloy 7475-T7351
abbreviation: 7475-T7351
role: high-toughness wrought structural alloy (plate and sheet)
category: metals
type: aluminium
summary: AA 7475 in the T7351 temper is a wrought aluminium-zinc-magnesium-copper alloy sold as plate and sheet. The supplier table gives a minimum yield strength of 414 MPa for product over 25.43 mm up to 38.10 mm thick, falling to 365 MPa in the thickest band it lists. The mfgrobots article calls the alloy high-toughness and names aerospace assemblies as its use.
best_for: Plate and sheet for aerospace structures where high strength and fracture toughness matter
weakest_at: Weldability (the supplier rates it poor) and stress-corrosion cracking where tensile stress runs across the grain
identity:
  formula: 'Wrought Al-Zn-Mg-Cu-Cr alloy, composition by weight per the mfgrobots AA 7475 (T7351) table: Al balance, Zn 5.2 to 6.2%, Mg 1.9 to 2.6%, Cu 1.2 to 1.9%, Cr 0.18 to 0.25%; Fe 0.12%, Si 0.1%, Mn 0.06% and Ti 0.06% are printed as single values. The article describes the alloy as derived from 7075.'
  source: mfg-7475
  where: Chemical Properties table, T7351; Title and body text
  designations:
    - system: AMS
      code: '4202'
      note: sheet and plate
      source: ref-7475
      where: Designations line, AMS 4202 / AlZn5.5MgCu / 7475 / T7351
    - system: UNS
      code: A97475
      source: ref-7475
      where: Sheet / Plate line, UNS A97475
    - system: EN
      code: '3.4384'
      source: ref-7475
      where: Sheet / Plate line, material number 3.4384
    - system: AA
      code: '7475'
      source: mfg-7475
      where: Title line, AA 7475 (T7351)
tags:
  environments: []
  stresses:
    - stress-corrosion-cracking
  applications:
    - structures
properties:
  - benchmark: density
    label: Density, T7351
    value: 2.81
    unit: g/cm³
    scope: material
    conditions:
      temper: T7351
      temperature: not stated
    method: Value printed in the General section of the mfgrobots article
    status: ground
    source: mfg-7475
    where: General section, Density (condition T7351)
  - benchmark: melting_point
    label: Melting range
    value: 475
    value_high: 635
    bound: range
    unit: °C
    scope: material
    conditions:
      temper: T7351
      basis: range as printed
    method: Range printed in the Thermal section of the mfgrobots article
    status: ground
    source: mfg-7475
    where: Thermal section, melting point
  - benchmark: melting_point
    label: Melting point, supplier table
    value: 477
    unit: °C
    scope: material
    conditions:
      basis: single value as printed; no temper or product form stated
    method: Value printed in the Physical Properties table of the supplier page
    status: ground
    note: The supplier gives one value and the article gives a range; both are recorded and neither overrides the other.
    source: ref-7475
    where: Physical Properties table, Melting Point
  - benchmark: thermal_conductivity
    label: Thermal conductivity range
    value: 138
    value_high: 163
    bound: range
    unit: W/(m·K)
    scope: material
    conditions:
      temper: T7351
      basis: range as printed; temperature not stated
    method: Range printed in the Thermal section of the mfgrobots article
    status: ground
    source: mfg-7475
    where: Thermal section, thermal conductivity
  - benchmark: thermal_conductivity
    label: Thermal conductivity, supplier table
    value: 163
    unit: W/m.K
    scope: material
    conditions:
      basis: single value as printed; temperature and temper not stated
    method: Value printed in the Physical Properties table of the supplier page
    status: ground
    source: ref-7475
    where: Physical Properties table, Thermal Conductivity
  - benchmark: elastic_modulus
    label: Modulus of elasticity
    value: 70
    unit: GPa
    scope: material
    conditions:
      temper: T7351
    method: Value printed in the Mechanical section of the mfgrobots article
    status: ground
    source: mfg-7475
    where: Mechanical section, elastic modulus
  - benchmark: cte
    label: Coefficient of thermal expansion
    value: 23
    unit: µm/m.°C
    scope: material
    conditions:
      basis: single value as printed; temperature range not stated
    method: Value printed in the Physical Properties table of the supplier page
    status: ground
    source: ref-7475
    where: Physical Properties table, Thermal Expansion
  - benchmark: yield_strength
    label: Yield strength, supplier table
    value: 425
    unit: MPa
    scope: material
    conditions:
      temper: T7351
      basis: single value as printed; no thickness or product form stated
    method: Value printed in the Mechanical Properties table of the supplier page
    status: ground
    source: ref-7475
    where: Mechanical Properties table, Yield Strength
  - benchmark: ultimate_tensile_strength
    label: Ultimate strength, supplier table
    value: 510
    unit: MPa
    scope: material
    conditions:
      temper: T7351
      basis: single value as printed; no thickness or product form stated
    method: Value printed in the Mechanical Properties table of the supplier page
    status: ground
    note: The mfgrobots article gives a different tensile value for the same temper; both are recorded.
    source: ref-7475
    where: Mechanical Properties table, Ultimate Strength
  - benchmark: ultimate_tensile_strength
    label: Tensile strength, article
    value: 495
    unit: MPa
    scope: material
    conditions:
      temper: T7351
      basis: value printed alongside T7351; no thickness stated
    method: Value printed in the Mechanical section of the mfgrobots article
    status: ground
    note: The supplier table gives 510 MPa for the same temper; both are recorded and neither is preferred here.
    source: mfg-7475
    where: Mechanical section, tensile strength
  - benchmark: elongation
    label: Elongation A50 mm, supplier table
    value: 12
    unit: '%'
    scope: material
    conditions:
      temper: T7351
      gauge: A50 mm
      basis: single value as printed
    method: Value printed in the Mechanical Properties table of the supplier page
    status: ground
    source: ref-7475
    where: Mechanical Properties table, Elongation A50 mm
  - benchmark: hardness
    label: Hardness, supplier table
    value: 135
    unit: HB
    scope: material
    conditions:
      temper: T7351
      basis: single value as printed
    method: Value printed in the Mechanical Properties table of the supplier page
    status: ground
    source: ref-7475
    where: Mechanical Properties table, Hardness
  - benchmark: yield_strength
    label: Minimum yield strength, thickness over 25.43 to 38.10 mm
    value: 414
    unit: MPa
    scope: material
    bound: lower
    conditions:
      temper: T7351
      thickness: over 25.43 mm up to and including 38.10 mm
      basis: minimum delivery value
    method: Minimum value printed in the Delivery table by thickness on the supplier page
    status: ground
    source: ref-7475
    where: Delivery table by thickness, Yield Strength (Min.), first row
  - benchmark: yield_strength
    label: Minimum yield strength, thickness over 50.83 to 63.50 mm
    value: 393
    unit: MPa
    scope: material
    bound: lower
    conditions:
      temper: T7351
      thickness: over 50.83 mm up to and including 63.50 mm
      basis: minimum delivery value
    method: Minimum value printed in the Delivery table by thickness on the supplier page
    status: ground
    source: ref-7475
    where: Delivery table by thickness, Yield Strength (Min.), second row
  - benchmark: yield_strength
    label: Minimum yield strength, thickness over 76.25 to 88.90 mm
    value: 365
    unit: MPa
    scope: material
    bound: lower
    conditions:
      temper: T7351
      thickness: over 76.25 mm up to and including 88.90 mm
      basis: minimum delivery value
    method: Minimum value printed in the Delivery table by thickness on the supplier page
    status: ground
    source: ref-7475
    where: Delivery table by thickness, Yield Strength (Min.), third row
  - benchmark: ultimate_tensile_strength
    label: Minimum ultimate strength, thickness over 25.43 to 38.10 mm
    value: 490
    unit: MPa
    scope: material
    bound: lower
    conditions:
      temper: T7351
      thickness: over 25.43 mm up to and including 38.10 mm
      basis: minimum delivery value
    method: Minimum value printed in the Delivery table by thickness on the supplier page
    status: ground
    source: ref-7475
    where: Delivery table by thickness, Ultimate Strength (Min.), first row
  - benchmark: ultimate_tensile_strength
    label: Minimum ultimate strength, thickness over 50.83 to 63.50 mm
    value: 476
    unit: MPa
    scope: material
    bound: lower
    conditions:
      temper: T7351
      thickness: over 50.83 mm up to and including 63.50 mm
      basis: minimum delivery value
    method: Minimum value printed in the Delivery table by thickness on the supplier page
    status: ground
    source: ref-7475
    where: Delivery table by thickness, Ultimate Strength (Min.), second row
  - benchmark: ultimate_tensile_strength
    label: Minimum ultimate strength, thickness over 76.25 to 88.90 mm
    value: 448
    unit: MPa
    scope: material
    bound: lower
    conditions:
      temper: T7351
      thickness: over 76.25 mm up to and including 88.90 mm
      basis: minimum delivery value
    method: Minimum value printed in the Delivery table by thickness on the supplier page
    status: ground
    source: ref-7475
    where: Delivery table by thickness, Ultimate Strength (Min.), third row
  - benchmark: elongation
    label: Minimum elongation A50 mm, thickness over 25.43 to 38.10 mm
    value: 9
    unit: '%'
    scope: material
    bound: lower
    conditions:
      temper: T7351
      thickness: over 25.43 mm up to and including 38.10 mm
      basis: minimum delivery value
    method: Minimum value printed in the Delivery table by thickness on the supplier page
    status: ground
    source: ref-7475
    where: Delivery table by thickness, Elongation A50 mm % (Min.), first row
  - benchmark: elongation
    label: Minimum elongation A50 mm, thickness over 50.83 to 63.50 mm
    value: 8
    unit: '%'
    scope: material
    bound: lower
    conditions:
      temper: T7351
      thickness: over 50.83 mm up to and including 63.50 mm
      basis: minimum delivery value
    method: Minimum value printed in the Delivery table by thickness on the supplier page
    status: ground
    source: ref-7475
    where: Delivery table by thickness, Elongation A50 mm % (Min.), second row
  - benchmark: elongation
    label: Minimum elongation A50 mm, thickness over 76.25 to 88.90 mm
    value: 8
    unit: '%'
    scope: material
    bound: lower
    conditions:
      temper: T7351
      thickness: over 76.25 mm up to and including 88.90 mm
      basis: minimum delivery value
    method: Minimum value printed in the Delivery table by thickness on the supplier page
    status: ground
    source: ref-7475
    where: Delivery table by thickness, Elongation A50 mm % (Min.), third row
  - benchmark: fracture_toughness
    label: Minimum fracture toughness, L-T orientation
    value: 41
    unit: ksi√in
    scope: material
    bound: lower
    conditions:
      temper: T7351
      thickness: 1.250-4.000 in. (31.75-101.60 mm)
      orientation: L-T
      basis: minimum value; the page prints 41.0 (45.0), so the MPa√m equivalent is 45.0
    method: Minimum value printed in the Minimum Fracture Toughness table on the supplier page
    status: ground
    note: The page prints the ksi√in value first and the MPa√m value in brackets.
    source: ref-7475
    where: Minimum Fracture Toughness table, L-T column
  - benchmark: fracture_toughness
    label: Minimum fracture toughness, T-L orientation
    value: 34
    unit: ksi√in
    scope: material
    bound: lower
    conditions:
      temper: T7351
      thickness: 1.250-4.000 in. (31.75-101.60 mm)
      orientation: T-L
      basis: minimum value; the page prints 34.0 (37.3), so the MPa√m equivalent is 37.3
    method: Minimum value printed in the Minimum Fracture Toughness table on the supplier page
    status: ground
    note: The page prints the ksi√in value first and the MPa√m value in brackets.
    source: ref-7475
    where: Minimum Fracture Toughness table, T-L column
corrosion:
  - environment: Tensile stress transverse to the grain structure
    headline: The mfgrobots article says operational damage occurs in areas with tensile stress transverse to the grain.
    effect: The article's stress-corrosion entry reads 'Operational damage in areas with tensile stresses transverse to the grain structure'. The article gives no crack-growth rate or test method.
    rating: unknown
    conditions:
      basis: qualitative statement; no rating printed
      temper: T7351
    source: mfg-7475
    where: Corrosion Properties section, stress-corrosion entry
  - environment: Industrial or seawater atmosphere, without protection
    headline: The article's general-corrosion wording is qualitative and carries no rate.
    effect: 'The article''s wording is ''general: good, without protection in industrial or seawater atmosphere''. It is read here as a word rating only, with no test basis printed.'
    rating: unknown
    conditions:
      basis: qualitative word rating; no test method or exposure time printed
      temper: T7351
    source: mfg-7475
    where: Corrosion Properties section, general corrosion entry
  - environment: Supplier characteristic rating
    headline: The supplier lists corrosion resistance as high, a word rating only.
    effect: 'The Characteristic Properties list on the supplier page reads ''Corrosion Resistance: High''. No test basis is printed next to it.'
    rating: unknown
    conditions:
      basis: word rating on a stockist page; no test method printed
    source: ref-7475
    where: Characteristic Properties list, Corrosion Resistance
risks:
  hazards:
    - text: 'PubChem''s aluminium record includes ''H228: Flammable solid'', ''H250: Catches fire spontaneously if exposed to air'' and ''H261: In contact with water releases flammable gas''. These are component-level data and do not classify the 7475 alloy as supplied.'
      ghs:
        - H228
        - H250
        - H261
      source: pubchem-al
      where: Safety and Hazards, GHS Classification (CID 5359268)
  failure_risks:
    - mode: Stress-corrosion cracking
      trigger: Tensile stress in the direction transverse to the grain structure, in a corrosive environment
      consequence: The mfgrobots article reports operational damage in these areas; no rate or crack-growth data are printed.
      source: mfg-7475
      where: Corrosion Properties section, stress-corrosion entry
    - mode: Surface corrosion in industrial or seawater atmospheres
      trigger: Exposure without protection
      consequence: The article's wording is qualitative and quantifies no consequence.
      source: mfg-7475
      where: Corrosion Properties section, general corrosion entry
  side_effects: []
  handling:
    - text: The article says that for machining the alloy works best in the annealed condition.
      source: mfg-7475
      where: Machining statement in the article body
    - text: No 7475 supplier safety data sheet was read. Obtain the SDS for the exact stock form before machining, grinding or welding.
      source: pubchem-al
      where: 'Gap: not an alloy SDS; PubChem component record only'
  mitigations: []
uses:
  - application: structures
    device: Aircraft and other aerospace assemblies
    example: The mfgrobots article says the alloy is widely used where high strength is needed, including aircraft and other aerospace assemblies.
    source: mfg-7475
    where: Applications statement in the article body
  - application: structures
    device: Aircraft fuselage panels, wing skins and high-strength fasteners
    example: The Referans Metal page says "Aircraft fuselage panels, wing skins, high-strength fasteners, and certain military system components are typical uses of this alloy."
    source: ref-7475
    where: '"From an application perspective" paragraph, English product page'
supply:
  - subject: Aluminium (primary smelter production; supply context for the base metal)
    producers:
      - country: China
        share_percent: 60.8
        year: 2025
      - country: India
        share_percent: 5.7
        year: 2025
      - country: Russia
        share_percent: 5.3
        year: 2025
      - country: Canada
        share_percent: 4.5
        year: 2025
      - country: United Arab Emirates
        share_percent: 3.6
        year: 2025
    critical_lists: []
    recycling: 'USGS: about 3.6 million tons of aluminum were recovered from purchased scrap in the United States in 2025.'
    substitutes:
      - 'USGS: composites can substitute for aluminum in aircraft fuselages and wings.'
    source: usgs-al
    where: World Smelter Production and Capacity table, 2025e; shares calculated by Space Mushroom from printed tonnages against the 74,000 thousand t world total (rounded); Recycling; Substitutes
  - subject: Zinc (alloying element)
    producers:
      - country: China
        share_percent: 31.5
        year: 2025
      - country: Peru
        share_percent: 11.5
        year: 2025
      - country: Australia
        share_percent: 8.5
        year: 2025
      - country: India
        share_percent: 6.7
        year: 2025
    critical_lists: []
    source: usgs-zn
    where: World Mine Production and Reserves table, 2025e; shares calculated by Space Mushroom against the 13,000 thousand t world total (rounded)
  - subject: Chromium (alloying element)
    producers:
      - country: South Africa
        share_percent: 45.1
        year: 2025
      - country: Turkey
        share_percent: 17.6
        year: 2025
      - country: Kazakhstan
        share_percent: 13.7
        year: 2025
      - country: India
        share_percent: 5.9
        year: 2025
    critical_lists: []
    source: usgs-cr
    where: World Mine Production and Reserves table, 2025e; shares calculated by Space Mushroom against the 51,000 thousand t world total (rounded)
  - subject: Copper (alloying element)
    producers: []
    critical_lists:
      - list: USGS Final 2025 List of Critical Minerals
        listed: true
    source: usgs-cu
    where: 'Summary text, critical minerals paragraph: the 2025 list published November 7, 2025 added copper'
documents:
  - title: Referans Metal product page, AlZn5.5MgCu 7475 T7351 (AMS 4202), English
    type: datasheet
    url: https://www.referansmetal.com/alasimli-aluminyum/product/74/levha-plaka/ams-4202-alzn5-5mgcu-7475-t7351?lang=en
  - title: MFG Robots article, AA 7475 (T7351) High-Toughness Aluminum Alloy
    type: datasheet
    url: https://www.mfgrobots.com/Article/material/metal/40535.html
  - title: Mineral Commodity Summaries 2026, Aluminum
    type: report
    url: https://pubs.usgs.gov/periodicals/mcs2026/mcs2026-aluminum.pdf
    year: 2026
  - title: Mineral Commodity Summaries 2026, Zinc
    type: report
    url: https://pubs.usgs.gov/periodicals/mcs2026/mcs2026-zinc.pdf
    year: 2026
  - title: Mineral Commodity Summaries 2026, Copper
    type: report
    url: https://pubs.usgs.gov/periodicals/mcs2026/mcs2026-copper.pdf
    year: 2026
  - title: Mineral Commodity Summaries 2026, Chromium
    type: report
    url: https://pubs.usgs.gov/periodicals/mcs2026/mcs2026-chromium.pdf
    year: 2026
  - title: PubChem Aluminum, CID 5359268, GHS classification summary
    type: database
    url: https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/5359268
    year: 2026
gaps:
  - No 7475 supplier safety data sheet was read. Hazards rest on PubChem component records for aluminium, which do not classify the finished alloy.
  - Supplier and article values disagree for tensile strength and melting point. Both are recorded side by side; no single value for the grade was chosen.
  - A second supplier page prints density and elastic modulus with decimal commas. Those values were not recorded, because the printed form could not be matched to the value.
  - 'Electrical conductivity, shear strength and Poisson''s ratio were not recorded as this grade''s own values: the sources give them as typical 7000-series values or in a form that could not be checked.'
  - Electrical resistivity and the mfgrobots coefficient of thermal expansion are printed with exponents and were left out.
  - Hardness, fracture toughness and the yield and ultimate values by thickness are recorded under short names (hardness, fracture_toughness) because no canonical name exists for them in the property file.
  - The supplier's minimum fracture-toughness values apply to the 1.250-4.000 in. (31.75-101.60 mm) thickness band only.
  - Critical-mineral status for aluminium and zinc, and for chromium, was not found in the USGS summaries read. Copper is listed on the 2025 list.
  - The USGS magnesium summary could not be read (the URL returned a web page, not the PDF), so magnesium supply is not included.
  - Wikipedia's 7000-series table gives a composition for 7475 that differs from the supplier and article ranges. It is not used for any value in this profile.
  - Corrosion and stress-corrosion statements carry no rating or rate from the source; ratings are recorded as unknown.
  - No flight, vacuum, radiation or thermal-cycling data for 7475 were found.
  - Titanium.com, Aerocom Metals, Dinco, Quickparts and MatWeb pages were not readable in this run (not found, refused or unreachable).
sources:
  ref-7475:
    title: Referans Metal, AlZn5.5MgCu 7475 T7351 (AMS 4202) product page, English
    url: https://www.referansmetal.com/alasimli-aluminyum/product/74/levha-plaka/ams-4202-alzn5-5mgcu-7475-t7351?lang=en
    kind: datasheet
    license: Supplier web page (cited, not reproduced)
  mfg-7475:
    title: MFG Robots article, AA 7475 (T7351) High-Toughness Aluminum Alloy
    url: https://www.mfgrobots.com/Article/material/metal/40535.html
    kind: web
    license: Web article (cited, not reproduced)
  usgs-al:
    title: Mineral Commodity Summaries 2026, Aluminum
    id: USGS MCS 2026, February 2026
    url: https://pubs.usgs.gov/periodicals/mcs2026/mcs2026-aluminum.pdf
    year: 2026
    kind: report
    license: Public domain (USGS)
  usgs-zn:
    title: Mineral Commodity Summaries 2026, Zinc
    id: USGS MCS 2026, February 2026
    url: https://pubs.usgs.gov/periodicals/mcs2026/mcs2026-zinc.pdf
    year: 2026
    kind: report
    license: Public domain (USGS)
  usgs-cu:
    title: Mineral Commodity Summaries 2026, Copper
    id: USGS MCS 2026, February 2026
    url: https://pubs.usgs.gov/periodicals/mcs2026/mcs2026-copper.pdf
    year: 2026
    kind: report
    license: Public domain (USGS)
  usgs-cr:
    title: Mineral Commodity Summaries 2026, Chromium
    id: USGS MCS 2026, February 2026
    url: https://pubs.usgs.gov/periodicals/mcs2026/mcs2026-chromium.pdf
    year: 2026
    kind: report
    license: Public domain (USGS)
  pubchem-al:
    title: Aluminum, PubChem CID 5359268, GHS classification
    id: CID 5359268
    url: https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/5359268
    kind: database
    license: PubChem public data
  wiki-al:
    title: Aluminium alloy, Wikipedia (7000-series table, composition and history only)
    url: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aluminium_alloy
    kind: web
    license: CC BY-SA (cited)
license: CC-BY-4.0
updated: '2026-11-01'
review:
  status: draft
  method: assistant
  checked_values: 23
  unreachable: 5
  caveats: 5
  note: Values read in this run from the Referans Metal 7475 T7351 page, the MFG Robots article, USGS Mineral Commodity Summaries 2026 (aluminum, zinc, copper, chromium) and PubChem. Supplier and article values are recorded side by side where they differ. Shares are calculated from printed tonnages.
story:
  recipe:
    line: AA 7475 (T7351) is a wrought aluminium alloy whose main additions are zinc, magnesium and copper, with chromium as a minor addition. Its composition by weight is aluminium balance, zinc 5.2 to 6.2%, magnesium 1.9 to 2.6%, copper 1.2 to 1.9% and chromium 0.18 to 0.25%. Iron, silicon, manganese and titanium are printed as single values of 0.12%, 0.1%, 0.06% and 0.06%.
    parts:
      - name: Aluminium
        symbol: Al
        share_note: balance
        role: The matrix metal of the wrought alloy.
      - name: Zinc
        symbol: Zn
        share_percent: 5.2
        share_high: 6.2
        source: mfg-7475
        where: Chemical Properties table
        role: The main hardening addition.
      - name: Magnesium
        symbol: Mg
        share_percent: 1.9
        share_high: 2.6
        source: mfg-7475
        where: Chemical Properties table
        role: Works with zinc and copper to harden the alloy.
      - name: Copper
        symbol: Cu
        share_percent: 1.2
        share_high: 1.9
        source: mfg-7475
        where: Chemical Properties table
        role: Alloying addition that contributes to strength.
      - name: Chromium
        symbol: Cr
        share_percent: 0.18
        share_high: 0.25
        source: mfg-7475
        where: Chemical Properties table
        role: Minor addition that controls grain structure.
  risk_groups:
    - title: For people
      verdict: No alloy-specific hazard classification found
      lead: No supplier safety data sheet for the finished 7475 alloy was read. PubChem's aluminium record carries hazard statements, but they are component-level and do not classify this alloy.
      gap: No alloy SDS, and no data on machining dust or welding fume, was read.
      points:
        - label: Component records
          line: 'PubChem lists ''H228: Flammable solid'', ''H250: Catches fire spontaneously if exposed to air'' and ''H261: In contact with water releases flammable gas'' for the aluminium record. These do not classify the finished alloy.'
    - title: If it fails
      lead: The article's documented failure concern is stress-corrosion cracking where tensile stress runs across the grain.
      points:
        - label: Stress-corrosion cracking
          line: The article reports operational damage in areas with tensile stress transverse to the grain structure. It prints no rate.
        - label: Surface corrosion
          line: The article's general-corrosion wording is qualitative and carries no rate. The supplier lists corrosion resistance as high, with no test basis.
    - title: Handling and storage
      points:
        - label: Machining
          line: The article says that for machining the alloy works best in the annealed condition.
        - label: Product SDS
          line: Obtain the supplier SDS for the exact stock form before machining, grinding or welding.
  why: AA 7475 in the T7351 temper is a high-toughness wrought aluminium alloy sold as plate and sheet. Its alloying elements are zinc, magnesium and copper, with a small addition of chromium. The supplier table gives a minimum yield strength that falls with thickness, and minimum fracture toughness for thick plate. The mfgrobots article names aircraft and other aerospace assemblies as the main application. Where the two sources give different values, both are shown.
  uses:
    - where: Aircraft and aerospace assemblies
      line: The mfgrobots article says the alloy is widely used where high strength is needed, including aircraft and other aerospace assemblies.
    - where: Aircraft fuselage panels, wing skins and fasteners
      line: The Referans Metal page says aircraft fuselage panels, wing skins, high-strength fasteners and certain military system components are typical uses of this alloy.
  can_do:
    - label: Density
      benchmark: density
      line: The density is 2.81 g/cm³ for the T7351 condition, per the mfgrobots article.
    - label: Yield strength by thickness
      benchmark: yield_strength
      line: The supplier's minimum yield strength is 414 MPa for product over 25.43 mm up to 38.10 mm thick, 393 MPa over 50.83 mm up to 63.50 mm and 365 MPa over 76.25 mm up to 88.90 mm.
    - label: Tensile strength
      benchmark: ultimate_tensile_strength
      line: The supplier gives 510 MPa and the article gives 495 MPa for the same temper. Both are recorded, and neither is treated as the only value.
    - label: Fracture toughness
      benchmark: fracture_toughness
      line: The supplier's minimum L-T fracture toughness is 41.0 ksi√in for plate of 1.250-4.000 in. (31.75-101.60 mm) thickness, and 34.0 ksi√in in the T-L orientation.
    - label: Thermal conductivity
      benchmark: thermal_conductivity
      line: The article gives a thermal conductivity range of 138 to 163 W/(m·K), and the supplier gives 163 W/m.K as a single value.
  compare: The supplier rates corrosion resistance as high and strength as good, but it gives its strength values as minimums that depend on thickness, so values from different thickness bands should not be compared directly. The supplier's single yield value of 425 MPa has no thickness stated. This profile does not rank AA 7475 against other aluminium alloys because no other alloy's values were recorded here.
  compare_rows:
    - label: Density
      benchmark: density
    - label: Yield strength
      benchmark: yield_strength
    - label: Thermal conductivity
      benchmark: thermal_conductivity
  handling:
    - Machine in the annealed condition, which the mfgrobots article says works best for machining.
    - Get the supplier SDS for the exact stock form before machining, grinding or welding.
    - Stock forms printed on the supplier page are plate and sheet.
  good_for:
    - Plate and sheet where high strength matters in the 25.43 mm to 38.10 mm thickness band (minimum yield 414 MPa).
    - Aircraft and aerospace assemblies, as the mfgrobots article describes.
  watch_out:
    - Weldability is listed as poor by the supplier.
    - Stress-corrosion cracking is reported where tensile stress runs transverse to the grain structure.
    - The tensile values disagree between the supplier (510 MPa) and the article (495 MPa).
  verdict: AA 7475-T7351 is a high-strength plate and sheet alloy with stated aerospace uses, including aircraft fuselage panels and wing skins. The hazard entry rests on the PubChem component record for aluminium, not on an SDS for the alloy, and the gaps list says so.