spore: profile
id: aeroglaze-z306
spore_version: 0.2
family: polyurethanes
name: Aeroglaze Z306 black polyurethane paint
abbreviation: Z306
role: matte black low-outgassing polyurethane topcoat for spacecraft thermal control and stray-light control
category: coatings
type: black-paints
summary: |
  Aeroglaze Z306 is a flat black, moisture-curing polyurethane coating sold by Socomore and distributed by Silmid. The Silmid leaflet prints a solar absorptivity of 0.96, a normal emissivity of 0.90, a total mass loss (TML) of 1.0 % and a collected volatile condensable material (CVCM) of 0.02 %. The 2014 NASA Goddard paper prints a solar absorptance of 0.96 and a normal emittance of 0.91 for a film of 2.0 to 3.0 mils. On the LDEF leading edge, atomic oxygen roughened the Z306 surface and raised its solar absorptance.
best_for: Matte black interior surfaces, instrument baffles and stray-light control in spacecraft, with a solar absorptance of 0.96 and a normal emittance of 0.90 to 0.91 as printed in the leaflet and the NASA 2014 paper
weakest_at: 'Atomic oxygen in low Earth orbit: on the LDEF leading edge the Z306 surface roughened and its solar absorptance rose, and the LDEF S0069 paper says unprotected Z302 and Z306 erode at the binder and carbon pigment'
identity:
  formula: Porous, moisture-curing polyurethane coating with carbon pigment (binder and carbon pigment named in the LDEF S0069 paper)
  designations:
    - system: Trade name
      code: AEROGLAZE Z306
      source: silmid-leaflet
      where: TOPCOATS table, column heading AEROGLAZE Z306
  source: silmid-product
  where: Product description line, 'porous, moisture-curing polyurethane coating'; carbon pigment from nasa-ldef-s0069, section 'Chemglaze Z302 and Z306 polyurethane black paints'
tags:
  environments:
    - low-earth-orbit
  stresses:
    - atomic-oxygen
    - vacuum-and-outgassing
  applications:
    - thermal-control
    - optics-and-cameras
properties:
  - benchmark: solar_absorptance
    label: Solar absorptivity, AEROGLAZE Z306 (manufacturer leaflet)
    value: 0.96
    unit: '-'
    scope: material
    conditions:
      product: AEROGLAZE Z306, matte black topcoat
      basis: dimensionless; the leaflet does not print the test method or film thickness
    method: Typical value printed on the manufacturer leaflet
    status: ground
    source: silmid-leaflet
    where: TOPCOATS table, Solar Absorptivity row, AEROGLAZE Z306 column
  - benchmark: normal_emittance
    label: Normal emissivity, AEROGLAZE Z306 (manufacturer leaflet)
    value: 0.9
    unit: '-'
    scope: material
    conditions:
      product: AEROGLAZE Z306, matte black topcoat
      basis: dimensionless; the leaflet does not print the test method or film thickness
    method: Typical value printed on the manufacturer leaflet
    status: ground
    source: silmid-leaflet
    where: TOPCOATS table, Normal Emissivity row, AEROGLAZE Z306 column
  - benchmark: total_mass_loss
    label: Total mass loss (TML), AEROGLAZE Z306
    value: 1
    unit: '%'
    scope: material
    conditions:
      product: AEROGLAZE Z306
      basis: obtained by a modified cure and/or bake-out schedule, as the leaflet footnote states
    method: Printed on the manufacturer leaflet; the footnote says the values come from a modified cure and/or bake-out schedule and refers users to the NASA outgassing database
    status: ground
    source: silmid-leaflet
    where: TOPCOATS table, TML (%) row, and footnote marked *
  - benchmark: cvcm
    label: Collected volatile condensable material (CVCM), AEROGLAZE Z306
    value: 0.02
    unit: '%'
    scope: material
    conditions:
      product: AEROGLAZE Z306
      basis: obtained by a modified cure and/or bake-out schedule, as the leaflet footnote states
    method: Printed on the manufacturer leaflet; the same footnote applies
    status: ground
    source: silmid-leaflet
    where: TOPCOATS table, CVCM (%) row, and footnote marked *
  - benchmark: solar_absorptance
    label: Solar absorptance, Aeroglaze Z306 black polyurethane (NASA 2014 paper)
    value: 0.96
    unit: '-'
    scope: material
    conditions:
      product: Aeroglaze Z306, black polyurethane
      thickness: 2.0-3.0 mils as printed
      method_as_printed: ASTM E903-82, reflectance from 0.25 to 2.8 microns at a 15 degree angle of incidence
    method: Measured with an AZ Technology LPSR-300 spectral reflectometer, as printed on the slide
    status: ground
    source: nasa-abraham-2014
    where: Characterization slide 'Thermal and Optical Properties', solar absorptance table, row Black Polyurethane Aeroglaze Z306
  - benchmark: normal_emittance
    label: Normal emittance, Aeroglaze Z306 black polyurethane (NASA 2014 paper)
    value: 0.91
    unit: '-'
    scope: material
    conditions:
      product: Aeroglaze Z306, black polyurethane
      thickness: 2.0-3.0 mils as printed
      method_as_printed: ASTM E408-71, reflectance from 5 to 40 microns at room temperature
    method: Measured with a Gier-Dunkle DB-100 infrared reflectometer, as printed on the slide
    status: ground
    source: nasa-abraham-2014
    where: Characterization slide 'Thermal and Optical Properties', normal emittance table, row Black Polyurethane Aeroglaze Z306
  - benchmark: thickness
    label: Coating thickness range, Aeroglaze Z306 black polyurethane (NASA 2014 paper)
    value: 2
    value_high: 3
    unit: mils
    scope: material
    conditions:
      product: Aeroglaze Z306, black polyurethane
    method: Coating thickness range as printed in the table of coatings tested
    status: ground
    source: nasa-abraham-2014
    where: Characterization slide 'Thermal and Optical Properties', COATING THICKNESS column, row Black Polyurethane Aeroglaze Z306
  - benchmark: solar_absorptance_change
    label: Change in solar absorptance (delta alpha s), Z306 wake-positioned LDEF specimens
    value: -0.04
    unit: '-'
    scope: material
    conditions:
      platform: LDEF (Long Duration Exposure Facility), low Earth orbit
      position: wake positioned; specimens A0114 and A0138-6 as named in the text
      basis: change over the LDEF exposure, given as about -0.04 with the paper's Figure 13
    method: Read from the paper's text on Z306 performance on LDEF (Figure 13); the paper says Z306 was otherwise optically stable
    status: flight
    source: nasa-ldef-s0069
    where: Section 'Chemglaze Z302 and Z306 polyurethane black paints', paragraph after Figure 12 (text on Figure 13)
  - benchmark: solar_absorptance
    label: Solar absorptance before LDEF EOIM III exposure, Chemglaze Z306 flight sample EOIM3-4-1 (NASA 1995 paper)
    value: 0.955
    unit: '-'
    scope: material
    conditions:
      product: Chemglaze Z306 black polyurethane paint, LDEF name; sample from the LDEF trailing edge with a contamination layer
      basis: dimensionless; the table prints no unit
    method: Solar absorptance calculated from diffuse reflectance spectra after normalization to an NIST diffuse reflectance standard; the paper gives a measurement precision for this method
    status: ground
    source: nasa-eoim3-1995
    where: Table 2, Solar Absorptance Calculations of EOIM IR Samples, Chemglaze Z306 flight row EOIM3-4-1, Pre-flight column
  - benchmark: solar_absorptance
    label: Solar absorptance after LDEF EOIM III exposure, Chemglaze Z306 flight sample EOIM3-4-1 (NASA 1995 paper)
    value: 0.96
    unit: '-'
    scope: material
    conditions:
      product: Chemglaze Z306 black polyurethane paint, LDEF name; sample from the LDEF trailing edge with a contamination layer
      exposure: EOIM III atomic oxygen test; the paper calls the change negligible and says the surface was eroded
      basis: dimensionless; the table prints no unit
    method: Solar absorptance calculated from diffuse reflectance spectra after normalization to an NIST diffuse reflectance standard
    status: flight
    source: nasa-eoim3-1995
    where: Table 2, Solar Absorptance Calculations of EOIM IR Samples, Chemglaze Z306 flight row EOIM3-4-1, Post-flight column; text on the Z306 sample
  - benchmark: solar_absorptance
    label: Initial solar absorptance of the Z306 coating before LDEF M0003-8 exposure (NASA Boeing paper)
    value: 0.95
    unit: '-'
    scope: material
    conditions:
      product: Chemglaze Z306 black polyurethane, applied to a graphite epoxy composite panel on LDEF experiment M0003-8
      basis: dimensionless; the paper calls it the initial absorptance of the coating
    method: Stated in the paper as the initial value; the measurement method is not printed in this paragraph
    status: ground
    source: nasa-golden-1993
    where: Section on the Z306 black polyurethane, paragraph beginning 'The optical properties of the Z306 coated specimen'
  - benchmark: solar_absorptance
    label: Solar absorptance after LDEF M0003-8 exposure, Chemglaze Z306 (NASA Boeing paper)
    value: 0.93
    unit: '-'
    scope: material
    conditions:
      product: Chemglaze Z306 black polyurethane on a graphite epoxy composite panel, LDEF experiment M0003-8 on tray D9
      exposure: atomic oxygen and ultraviolet radiation as stated in the paper; the fluence and sun-hour figures are not copied here
      basis: dimensionless; the paper calls the drop from the initial value small and says the paint was otherwise little changed
    method: Measured on the exposed Z306 coated specimen; the method is not printed in this paragraph
    status: flight
    source: nasa-golden-1993
    where: Section on the Z306 black polyurethane, paragraph beginning 'The optical properties of the Z306 coated specimen'
  - benchmark: thermal_emittance
    label: Thermal emittance after LDEF M0003-8 exposure, Chemglaze Z306 (NASA Boeing paper)
    value: 0.94
    unit: '-'
    scope: material
    conditions:
      product: Chemglaze Z306 black polyurethane on a graphite epoxy composite panel, LDEF experiment M0003-8 on tray D9
      basis: dimensionless; the paper attributes the higher value to the roughened, eroded surface
    method: Measured on the exposed Z306 coated specimen; the method and angle are not printed in this paragraph
    status: flight
    source: nasa-golden-1993
    where: Section on the Z306 black polyurethane, sentence 'The thermal emittance was measured as 0.94'
corrosion:
  - environment: Atomic oxygen in low Earth orbit, LDEF leading edge
    headline: On the LDEF leading edge, atomic oxygen roughened Z306 and raised its solar absorptance.
    effect: 'The LDEF A0034 interim results say that for Chemglaze Z306 coatings exposed on the leading edge, the results show increased coating roughness and, as a result, solar absorptance, from material erosion induced by atomic oxygen. Two Z306 specimens flew on the leading edge: one exposed through an open aperture (#01-44) and one under a sealed quartz window (#01-14).'
    conditions:
      platform: LDEF leading edge tray, low Earth orbit
      exposure: LDEF mission; the exposure duration is not stated in the passage read
      specimens: '#01-44 (open aperture) and #01-14 (sealed quartz window)'
    source: nasa-ldef-a0034
    where: Leading-edge Z306 results, paragraph beginning 'For the polyurethane-based Chemglaze Z306 coatings exposed on the leading edge'
    rating: unknown
  - environment: Atomic oxygen, unprotected Z302 and Z306 polyurethane paints in low Earth orbit
    headline: Unprotected Z306 erodes at the polyurethane binder and the carbon pigment under atomic oxygen.
    effect: The LDEF S0069 paper says Z302 and Z306, both polyurethane black paints, are susceptible to atomic-oxygen interactions that erode the polyurethane binder and the carbon pigment when they are not protected effectively. The same paper reports that Z306 was otherwise optically stable on LDEF.
    conditions:
      basis: statement about both paints in the section heading; not a Z306-only erosion rate
    source: nasa-ldef-s0069
    where: Section 'Chemglaze Z302 and Z306 polyurethane black paints', first paragraph
    rating: unknown
  - environment: Black-light illumination after LDEF exposure
    headline: After LDEF exposure, Z306 showed both stimulated and quenched fluorescence under black light.
    effect: The LDEF A0034 paper says that S13G, S13G-LO and Z93 showed yellow colouration under black light that was quenched by space exposure, while the polyurethane paints A276 and Z306 showed both stimulated and quenched fluorescence after space exposure. YB-71 was not obviously affected.
    conditions:
      basis: visual black-light observation in the paper; no fluorescence intensity was given
    source: nasa-ldef-a0034
    where: Results paragraph on black-light illumination, after the atomic-oxygen results
    rating: unknown
  - environment: Moisture, hydrolysis of polyurethane in general
    headline: Polyurethanes in general may degrade by hydrolysis; no moisture-ageing test of Z306 was read.
    effect: Wikipedia states that polyurethanes may degrade due to hydrolysis. No Z306 moisture-ageing or humidity result was found in any source read for this profile.
    conditions:
      basis: general statement about polyurethanes; not a Z306 test
    source: wikipedia-polyurethane
    where: Degradation and environmental fate, Hydrolysis and biodegradation
    rating: unknown
  - environment: Light exposure in general, aromatic polyurethanes
    headline: Polyurethanes made with aromatic isocyanates contain chromophores that interact with light.
    effect: Wikipedia states that polyurethanes, especially those made using aromatic isocyanates, contain chromophores that interact with light. The page does not say which isocyanate Z306 uses, so this is a general statement.
    conditions:
      basis: general statement about polyurethanes; the Z306 isocyanate is not printed in any source read
    source: wikipedia-polyurethane
    where: Degradation and environmental fate, Effects of visible light
    rating: unknown
risks:
  hazards:
    - text: The Silmid product page states that the product contains diisocyanates, which have restrictions on supply and use in Great Britain.
      ghs: []
      source: silmid-product
      where: Compliance notices, DIISOCYANATES line
    - text: Wikipedia states that isocyanates used to produce polyurethane polymers are known skin and respiratory sensitizers, according to OSHA.
      ghs: []
      source: wikipedia-polyurethane
      where: Health and safety section
    - text: The Silmid product page prints the transport entry UN Number 1263 CL3 for the 1 US gallon can.
      ghs: []
      source: silmid-product
      where: Technical Information block
  failure_risks:
    - mode: Atomic oxygen erosion of the binder and carbon pigment
      trigger: Unprotected exposure to atomic oxygen in low Earth orbit, as on the LDEF leading edge
      consequence: Increased roughness and a rise in solar absorptance on the leading edge, per the LDEF A0034 interim results; the LDEF S0069 paper says protection is needed.
      severity: moderate
      source: nasa-ldef-a0034
      where: Leading-edge Z306 results
    - mode: Small drop in solar absorptance on wake-positioned surfaces
      trigger: Exposure in the wake position on LDEF, as on specimens A0114 and A0138-6
      consequence: A change in solar absorptance of about -0.04, per the LDEF S0069 paper and its Figure 13.
      severity: low
      source: nasa-ldef-s0069
      where: Section 'Chemglaze Z302 and Z306 polyurethane black paints', paragraph after Figure 12
  side_effects: []
  handling:
    - text: The Silmid product page offers a technical data sheet and a safety data sheet only after login. Their content was not read, so no handling step is recorded from a manufacturer or SDS source.
      source: silmid-product
      where: Data Sheets block
  mitigations:
    - text: The LDEF S0069 paper reports silicone overcoats on Z302 that showed little change in solar absorptance, but it does not test an overcoat on Z306.
      source: nasa-ldef-s0069
      where: Figure 12 text, Z302 with overcoats
uses:
  - application: thermal-control
    device: Spacecraft thermal control coating, matte black topcoat
    example: The Silmid leaflet lists NASA's Hubble Telescope, the Space Shuttle program and the Long Duration Exposure Facility (LDEF) among the notable applications of the Aeroglaze topcoats, which include Z306.
    source: silmid-leaflet
    where: Introduction paragraph, 'Low outgassing thermal control coating systems'
  - application: optics-and-cameras
    device: Interior surfaces and light-path absorbers in optical instruments
    example: The NASA 2014 paper gives Aeroglaze Z306 and Z307 as examples of polyurethane black coatings for stray-light control, applied on interior surfaces such as instrument baffles, detectors and high voltage electronics boxes.
    source: nasa-abraham-2014
    where: Problem and solution slide, 'Black Thermal Control Coatings' column
supply:
  - subject: Manufacturer and distribution
    demand: No production or market figure for Aeroglaze Z306 was found in any source read.
    routes: The Silmid product page names the brand as Socomore and prints Country of Origin United States. The LDEF papers call the paint Chemglaze Z306 and name its maker as Lord Corporation (EOIM III paper) and Lord Chemical Company (LDEF S0069 paper). Those papers do not use the Aeroglaze name, so this profile does not assume the two names are one formulation.
    producers: []
    critical_lists: []
    substitutes: []
    source: silmid-product
    where: Technical Information block (Country of Origin United States); Compliance notices (Silmid is an authorised distributor of Socomore products)
documents:
  - title: Silmid, Space and optical coatings leaflet (English), Socomore Aeroglaze TOPCOATS table
    type: datasheet
    url: https://www.silmid.com/Documents/Brochures/Space-coatings_leaflet_english.pdf
  - title: Silmid product page, Socomore Aeroglaze Z306 Polyurethane Coating 1 USG Can
    type: datasheet
    url: https://www.silmid.com/coatings/specialty-coatings/socomore-aeroglaze-z306-polyurethane-coating-1usg-can/
  - title: Abraham, Hasegawa and Straka, Black Molecular Adsorber Coatings for Spaceflight Applications, SPIE 9196-17
    type: paper
    url: https://ntrs.nasa.gov/api/citations/20140017355/downloads/20140017355.pdf
    year: 2014
  - title: 'Linton and Kamenetzky, Second LDEF Post-Retrieval Symposium: Interim Results of Experiment A0034'
    type: report
    url: https://ntrs.nasa.gov/api/citations/19930019094/downloads/19930019094.pdf
  - title: Wilkes, Miller, Mell, LeMaster and Zwiener, The Performance of Thermal Control Coatings on LDEF and Implications to Future Spacecraft
    type: report
    url: https://ntrs.nasa.gov/api/citations/19940026508/downloads/19940026508.pdf
  - title: 'Jaggers and Meshishnek, Exposure of LDEF Materials to Atomic Oxygen: Results of EOIM III, NTRS 19950021212'
    type: report
    url: https://ntrs.nasa.gov/api/citations/19950021212/downloads/19950021212.pdf
  - title: Golden, Selected Results for LDEF Thermal Control Coatings, NTRS 19930019090
    type: report
    url: https://ntrs.nasa.gov/api/citations/19930019090/downloads/19930019090.pdf
gaps:
  - 'Operating temperature range of Aeroglaze Z306: a search snippet gives -150 to 104 degC with 4-hour excursions to 121 degC, but the Socomore product page returned HTTP 403 and no fetched page prints a range, so it is not recorded.'
  - 'Electrical resistivity: the leaflet prints ''non-conductive'' for Z306, which is not a number, so it is not recorded.'
  - 'Technical data sheet and safety data sheet: both are behind a login on the Silmid page. Cure time, pot life, solids, coverage, pigment and handling steps are not recorded.'
  - 'Water vapour regain of Z306 (McCroskey, Abell and Chidester, 2000, SBIRS cryogenic telescope): only the abstract was seen in search listings, so no measured value is recorded.'
  - LDEF A0034 contamination table (SiOx thickness, Figure 13) prints Z306 values of 1428 and 1820 angstroms, but the text extraction does not show which column each belongs to, so they are not recorded.
  - The NASA 2014 paper's thermal-cycle test (-60 to 90 degC) was run on Black MAC, not on Z306, so it is not recorded for Z306.
  - Outgassing data from ASTM E595 or the NASA outgassing database for Z306 were not read; only the leaflet's TML and CVCM are recorded, with its modified-schedule footnote.
  - Z306 composition (binder chemistry, isocyanate, polyol and pigment shares) is not printed in any source read, so recipe parts have no shares.
  - Chemical resistance and humidity ageing of Z306 were not found on any fetched page.
  - Production volumes, country shares and critical-mineral status were not found for Z306 or its raw materials. Manufacturer names are in the supply block.
  - Isocyanate exposure limits and the GHS classification of Z306 were not found; the SDS was not readable.
  - Property names total_mass_loss, cvcm, solar_absorptance_change, solar_absorptance and normal_emittance are not all in spores/property-canon.yaml, so short snake_case names are used for them.
sources:
  silmid-leaflet:
    title: Space and optical coatings, Socomore Aeroglaze leaflet (English), distributed by Silmid
    id: Silmid space-coatings leaflet, TOPCOATS table (AEROGLAZE Z306, Z307 and A276)
    url: https://www.silmid.com/Documents/Brochures/Space-coatings_leaflet_english.pdf
    kind: datasheet
    license: manufacturer leaflet, linked not reproduced
  silmid-product:
    title: Socomore Aeroglaze Z306 Polyurethane Coating 1 USG Can, Silmid product page
    id: Silmid product page, Technical Information, Product Information and Compliance notices
    url: https://www.silmid.com/coatings/specialty-coatings/socomore-aeroglaze-z306-polyurethane-coating-1usg-can/
    kind: datasheet
    license: distributor web page, linked not reproduced
  nasa-abraham-2014:
    title: Black Molecular Adsorber Coatings for Spaceflight Applications, SPIE Optics + Photonics 2014, paper 9196-17
    id: Abraham, Hasegawa and Straka, NASA Goddard Code 546, NTRS 20140017355
    url: https://ntrs.nasa.gov/api/citations/20140017355/downloads/20140017355.pdf
    year: 2014
    kind: paper
    license: NASA public document
  nasa-ldef-a0034:
    title: 'Second LDEF Post-Retrieval Symposium: Interim Results of Experiment A0034'
    id: Linton and Kamenetzky, NASA MSFC, NTRS 19930019094
    url: https://ntrs.nasa.gov/api/citations/19930019094/downloads/19930019094.pdf
    kind: report
    license: NASA public document
  nasa-ldef-s0069:
    title: The Performance of Thermal Control Coatings on LDEF and Implications to Future Spacecraft
    id: Wilkes, Miller, Mell, LeMaster and Zwiener, NASA N94-31013, NTRS 19940026508
    url: https://ntrs.nasa.gov/api/citations/19940026508/downloads/19940026508.pdf
    kind: report
    license: NASA public document
  wikipedia-polyurethane:
    title: Polyurethane, Wikipedia
    id: Polyurethane article, Chemistry, Degradation and environmental fate, Health and safety
    url: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polyurethane
    kind: web
    license: CC BY-SA 4.0, linked not reproduced
  nasa-eoim3-1995:
    title: 'Exposure of LDEF Materials to Atomic Oxygen: Results of EOIM III'
    id: Jaggers and Meshishnek, The Aerospace Corporation, NTRS 19950021212
    url: https://ntrs.nasa.gov/api/citations/19950021212/downloads/19950021212.pdf
    kind: report
    license: NASA public document
  nasa-golden-1993:
    title: Selected Results for LDEF Thermal Control Coatings
    id: Golden, Boeing Defense and Space Group, NTRS 19930019090
    url: https://ntrs.nasa.gov/api/citations/19930019090/downloads/19930019090.pdf
    kind: report
    license: NASA public document
license: CC-BY-4.0
updated: '2026-11-01'
review:
  status: draft
  method: assistant
  checked_values: 13
  unreachable: 2
  caveats: 4
  note: 'Values were read by an AI assistant on 2026-11-01 from the pages named in each entry. The Socomore product page returned HTTP 403 and the ECSS-Q-70-25A page redirected to an unrelated address, so neither was used. Caveats: leaflet values are typical and carry no test method; TML and CVCM use a modified cure or bake-out schedule; the LDEF delta alpha s is a text summary of Figure 13; the NASA 2014 values are for a 2.0 to 3.0 mil film.'
story:
  recipe:
    line: Aeroglaze Z306 is a moisture-curing polyurethane coating with carbon pigment, per the Silmid product page and the LDEF S0069 paper. Polyurethanes are typically made by reacting a diisocyanate with a polyol, per Wikipedia. The Z306 formulation, its isocyanate, its polyol and the pigment share are not printed in any source read.
    parts:
      - name: Polyurethane binder
        role: Moisture-curing polyurethane binder, the film-forming part of the paint; the LDEF S0069 paper names the binder as the part that erodes under atomic oxygen
        share_note: not printed in any source read
      - name: Carbon pigment
        role: Black pigment; the LDEF S0069 paper names the carbon pigment as the part that erodes under atomic oxygen
        share_note: not printed in any source read
  risk_groups:
    - title: For people
      lead: The Silmid page says the product contains diisocyanates with restrictions on supply and use in Great Britain, and Wikipedia states that isocyanates are skin and respiratory sensitizers.
      level: 2
      verdict: Sensitizer risk from isocyanates
      points:
        - label: Isocyanates
          line: Silmid prints a diisocyanate restriction for Great Britain, and Wikipedia cites OSHA for skin and respiratory sensitization by isocyanates used in polyurethanes.
        - label: Transport
          line: Silmid prints the transport entry UN Number 1263 CL3 for the 1 US gallon can.
    - title: If it fails
      lead: In orbit, the failure route in these sources is atomic oxygen erosion of the binder and the carbon pigment, measured on LDEF.
      points:
        - label: Atomic oxygen
          line: On the LDEF leading edge, unprotected Z306 roughened and its solar absorptance rose, per the A0034 interim results. The S0069 paper says the binder and carbon pigment erode when they are not protected effectively.
        - label: Wake positions
          line: Two wake-positioned LDEF specimens, A0114 and A0138-6, showed a change in solar absorptance of about -0.04, per the S0069 paper.
  why: Aeroglaze Z306 is a flat black polyurethane coating for spacecraft thermal control and stray-light control. The Silmid leaflet prints a solar absorptivity of 0.96, a normal emissivity of 0.90, a total mass loss of 1.0 % and a CVCM of 0.02 %. The 2014 NASA paper prints a solar absorptance of 0.96 and a normal emittance of 0.91 for a 2.0 to 3.0 mil film, and gives Z306 as an example of a polyurethane black coating for stray-light control on interior surfaces such as instrument baffles.
  can_do:
    - label: Absorb solar energy
      value: 0.96 solar absorptivity
      benchmark: solar_absorptance
      line: The Silmid leaflet prints a solar absorptivity of 0.96 for AEROGLAZE Z306, and the 2014 NASA paper prints a solar absorptance of 0.96 for a 2.0 to 3.0 mil Aeroglaze Z306 film under ASTM E903-82.
    - label: Radiate heat
      value: 0.90 to 0.91 normal emissivity
      benchmark: normal_emittance
      line: The leaflet prints a normal emissivity of 0.90, and the NASA 2014 paper prints a normal emittance of 0.91 under ASTM E408-71. The two values come from different sources and test methods, so both are shown.
    - label: Stay low in outgassing
      value: 1.0 % TML and 0.02 % CVCM
      benchmark: total_mass_loss
      line: The leaflet prints a total mass loss of 1.0 % and a CVCM of 0.02 % for AEROGLAZE Z306, both obtained by a modified cure or bake-out schedule.
  compare: The Silmid leaflet also lists Aeroglaze Z307 and the gloss white Aeroglaze A276 with their own absorptivity, emissivity, TML and CVCM values, and the NASA 2014 paper lists Black MAC coatings with their own absorptance and emittance values. Those values belong to other products and are not recorded in this profile. For Z307 the NASA paper and the leaflet print different normal emissivity figures, so the two sources are kept separate rather than merged. The Z306 values come from different test schedules and thicknesses than some of those rows, so they are not a ranking.
  compare_rows:
    - scope: material
      label: Solar absorptance
      benchmark: solar_absorptance
    - scope: material
      label: Normal emittance
      benchmark: normal_emittance
    - scope: material
      label: Total mass loss
      benchmark: total_mass_loss
  handling:
    - Check the current manufacturer's technical data sheet and safety data sheet, since neither was readable without a login in this run.
    - Treat the leaflet's TML and CVCM as values from a modified cure or bake-out schedule, not as the result for a standard flight cure.
    - Plan for diisocyanate content, since the Silmid page says the product contains diisocyanates with restrictions in Great Britain.
  good_for:
    - 'Matte black baffles and interior surfaces: solar absorptance 0.96 and normal emittance 0.91 on a 2.0 to 3.0 mil film (NASA 2014 paper).'
    - 'Low-outgassing black coatings: TML of 1.0 % and CVCM of 0.02 % as printed on the Silmid leaflet, under a modified bake-out schedule.'
  watch_out:
    - 'Atomic oxygen: on the LDEF leading edge, Z306 roughened and its solar absorptance rose, and unprotected Z302 and Z306 erode at the binder and carbon pigment.'
    - 'Wake exposure: two LDEF wake specimens showed a change in solar absorptance of about -0.04 (S0069 paper, Figure 13).'
    - 'Isocyanates: the product contains diisocyanates, which are restricted in Great Britain according to the Silmid page.'
    - No temperature range, cure schedule or Z306 humidity result was read, so the operating limits are not recorded.
  verdict: Aeroglaze Z306 is a flat black polyurethane coating with a solar absorptance of 0.96 and a normal emittance of 0.90 to 0.91 as printed in two sources, low TML and CVCM values under a modified bake-out, and documented atomic-oxygen erosion on LDEF. Its operating temperature range, cure schedule and any humidity ageing data are not read in this run, so they are not recorded.