spore: profile
id: aeroglaze-a276
spore_version: 0.2
family: polyurethanes
name: Aeroglaze A276 white polyurethane paint
abbreviation: A276
role: gloss white moisture-curing polyurethane topcoat for spacecraft thermal control
category: coatings
type: white-paints
summary: |
  AEROGLAZE A276 is a gloss white, moisture-curing polyurethane topcoat. The Socomore Aeroglaze leaflet, distributed by Silmid, prints a solar absorptivity of 0.23 and a normal emissivity of 0.91, with a total mass loss (TML) of 0.99 % and a collected volatile condensable material (CVCM) of 0.08 %, the last two under a modified cure or bake-out schedule. Acktar's thermal control page prints a different solar absorptance of 0.170 and thermal emittance of 0.880 for A276, with no test conditions. On the LDEF leading edge, atomic oxygen eroded the A276 polyurethane binder completely, yet the NASA paper says its diffuse reflectance was relatively unchanged.
best_for: White thermal-control surfaces that need a gloss white finish, with the solar absorptivity of 0.23 and normal emissivity of 0.91 printed in the Socomore leaflet
weakest_at: 'Atomic oxygen in low Earth orbit: on the LDEF leading edge the A276 polyurethane binder eroded completely (NASA A0034 interim results), and the S0069 report says silicone overcoats allowed solar UV damage'
identity:
  formula: Moisture-curing polyurethane coating with titanium dioxide pigment (Acktar Table 1 prints 'Polyurethane with TiO2 pigment')
  designations:
    - system: Trade name
      code: AEROGLAZE A276
      source: silmid-leaflet
      where: TOPCOATS table, column heading AEROGLAZE A276
    - system: Trade name
      code: Aeroglaze 276 White Gloss
      source: acktar-thermal-control
      where: Table 1 (Summary of properties of selected white thermal control paints), row 8, Material Designation column
    - system: Trade name
      code: A276
      source: nasa-ldef-s0069
      where: Section heading 'A276 White Specular Polyurethane Paint'
  source: acktar-thermal-control
  where: 'Table 1, row 8: Chemical Composition ''Polyurethane with TiO2 pigment''; Manufacturer ''Lord Corp., USA'''
tags:
  environments:
    - low-earth-orbit
  stresses:
    - atomic-oxygen
    - vacuum-and-outgassing
  applications:
    - thermal-control
properties:
  - benchmark: solar_absorptance
    label: Solar absorptivity, AEROGLAZE A276 (manufacturer leaflet)
    value: 0.23
    unit: '-'
    scope: material
    conditions:
      product: AEROGLAZE A276, gloss white topcoat
      basis: dimensionless; the leaflet does not print the test method or film thickness
    method: Typical value printed on the manufacturer leaflet
    status: ground
    source: silmid-leaflet
    where: TOPCOATS table, Solar Absorptivity row, AEROGLAZE A276 column
  - benchmark: normal_emittance
    label: Normal emissivity, AEROGLAZE A276 (manufacturer leaflet)
    value: 0.91
    unit: '-'
    scope: material
    conditions:
      product: AEROGLAZE A276, gloss white topcoat
      basis: dimensionless; the leaflet does not print the test method or film thickness
    method: Typical value printed on the manufacturer leaflet
    status: ground
    source: silmid-leaflet
    where: TOPCOATS table, Normal Emissivity row, AEROGLAZE A276 column
  - benchmark: total_mass_loss
    label: Total mass loss (TML), AEROGLAZE A276
    value: 0.99
    unit: '%'
    scope: material
    conditions:
      product: AEROGLAZE A276
      basis: obtained by a modified cure and/or bake-out schedule, as the leaflet footnote states
    method: Printed on the manufacturer leaflet; the footnote says the values come from a modified cure and/or bake-out schedule
    status: ground
    source: silmid-leaflet
    where: TOPCOATS table, TML (%) row, and footnote marked *
  - benchmark: cvcm
    label: Collected volatile condensable material (CVCM), AEROGLAZE A276
    value: 0.08
    unit: '%'
    scope: material
    conditions:
      product: AEROGLAZE A276
      basis: obtained by a modified cure and/or bake-out schedule, as the leaflet footnote states
    method: Printed on the manufacturer leaflet; the same footnote applies
    status: ground
    source: silmid-leaflet
    where: TOPCOATS table, CVCM (%) row, and footnote marked *
  - benchmark: solar_absorptance
    label: Solar absorptance, Aeroglaze 276 (Acktar summary table)
    value: 0.17
    unit: '-'
    scope: material
    conditions:
      product: Aeroglaze 276 White Gloss
      basis: no test conditions are printed on the page for this value
    method: Summary table of optical properties for Russian and USA thermal control materials; method not printed
    status: ground
    source: acktar-thermal-control
    where: Table 6, row A276, solar absorptance (alpha) column
  - benchmark: thermal_emittance
    label: Thermal emittance, Aeroglaze 276 (Acktar summary table)
    value: 0.88
    unit: '-'
    scope: material
    conditions:
      product: Aeroglaze 276 White Gloss
      basis: no test conditions are printed on the page for this value
    method: Summary table of optical properties for Russian and USA thermal control materials; method not printed
    status: ground
    source: acktar-thermal-control
    where: Table 6, row A276, thermal emittance (epsilon) column
  - benchmark: atomic_oxygen_erosion
    label: Atomic oxygen erosion result, A276 (Acktar Table 3)
    value: -243.9
    unit: μg/cm2
    scope: material
    conditions:
      product: A276 (Table 3 row name)
      basis: atomic-oxygen beam test in two stages; the total fluence is printed in the table title in exponent form and is not copied here
    method: Erosion result as printed in the table; the page gives mass before and after for the same row
    status: ground
    source: acktar-thermal-control
    where: Table 3 (FAO erosion mass change data), row A276, Erosion results column
  - benchmark: atomic_oxygen_mass_change
    label: Mass change under atomic oxygen, A276 (Acktar Table 3)
    value: -1.69
    unit: mg
    scope: material
    conditions:
      product: A276 (Table 3 row name)
      basis: atomic-oxygen beam test in two stages; the total fluence is printed in the table title in exponent form and is not copied here
    method: Mass change as printed in the table; mass before and after are 0.19004 g and 0.18835 g on the same row
    status: ground
    source: acktar-thermal-control
    where: Table 3 (FAO erosion mass change data), row A276, Mass change (mg) column
  - benchmark: solids_content
    label: Solids content, AEROGLAZE A276 (Modus Advanced article)
    value: 54
    value_high: 58
    unit: '% by weight'
    scope: material
    conditions:
      product: AEROGLAZE A276
      basis: range as the article prints it
    method: Product property printed in a competitor's blog post; no test method printed
    status: ground
    source: modus-a276-blog
    where: Property list, row Solids content
  - benchmark: dry_film_thickness
    label: Optimal dry film thickness, AEROGLAZE A276 (Modus Advanced article)
    value: 1.5
    value_high: 2
    unit: mils
    scope: material
    conditions:
      product: AEROGLAZE A276
      basis: optimal dry film thickness range as the article prints it
    method: Product property printed in a competitor's blog post; no test method printed
    status: ground
    source: modus-a276-blog
    where: Property list, row Optimal dry film thickness
  - benchmark: voc_content
    label: VOC content, AEROGLAZE A276 (Modus Advanced article)
    value: 503
    unit: g/L
    scope: material
    conditions:
      product: AEROGLAZE A276
      basis: as the article prints it
    method: Product property printed in a competitor's blog post; no test method printed
    status: ground
    source: modus-a276-blog
    where: Property list, row VOC content
  - benchmark: cure_time
    label: Curing time for ultimate properties, AEROGLAZE A276 (Modus Advanced article)
    value: 14
    unit: days
    scope: material
    conditions:
      product: AEROGLAZE A276
      basis: time to reach ultimate properties, as the article prints it
    method: Product property printed in a competitor's blog post; no cure temperature printed
    status: ground
    source: modus-a276-blog
    where: Property list, row Curing time for ultimate properties
corrosion:
  - environment: Atomic oxygen in low Earth orbit, LDEF leading edge
    headline: On the LDEF leading edge, atomic oxygen eroded the A276 polyurethane binder completely, and diffuse reflectance stayed relatively unchanged.
    effect: The NASA A0034 interim results say the A276 white coating exposed to atomic oxygen was relatively unchanged in diffuse reflectance despite complete erosion by atomic oxygen of the polyurethane binder.
    conditions:
      platform: LDEF leading edge, low Earth orbit
      exposure: LDEF mission; the exposure duration is not stated in the passage read
    source: nasa-ldef-a0034
    where: Results paragraph beginning 'The A276 white coating exposed to atomic oxygen'
    rating: severe
  - environment: Solar UV and atomic oxygen, A276 with silicone overcoats
    headline: Silicone overcoats stopped material loss on A276 but let solar UV damage the coating.
    effect: The S0069 report says the RTV670 and OI650 silicone overcoats over A276 prevented material loss but allowed, presumably, solar UV damage of the A276 coating, and the silicone layer cracked from atomic-oxygen glassification.
    conditions:
      basis: LDEF results for overcoated A276 specimens, as reported in the S0069 paper
    source: nasa-ldef-s0069
    where: Section 'RTV670 and OI650 Silicone Overcoats on A276'
    rating: moderate
  - environment: Solar UV under a severely contaminated window
    headline: A276 under a severely contaminated window showed severe degradation from solar UV.
    effect: The NASA A0034 paper says severe degradation of the A276 coating exposed under a severely contaminated window confirms the relatively minimal level of solar UV radiation required for darkening of this coating.
    conditions:
      basis: LDEF specimen under a severely contaminated window; no darkening rate was given in the passage read
    source: nasa-ldef-a0034
    where: Results paragraph after the diffuse reflectance statement
    rating: moderate
  - environment: Black-light illumination after LDEF exposure
    headline: After LDEF exposure, A276 showed both stimulated and quenched fluorescence under black light.
    effect: The NASA A0034 paper says the polyurethane-based paints A276 and Z306 showed both stimulated and quenched fluorescence as a result of space exposure, unlike the zinc oxide pigmented coatings.
    conditions:
      basis: visual black-light observation in the paper; no fluorescence intensity was given
    source: nasa-ldef-a0034
    where: Results paragraph on black-light illumination
    rating: unknown
  - environment: Moisture, hydrolysis of polyurethane in general
    headline: Polyurethanes in general may degrade by hydrolysis; no moisture-ageing test of A276 was read.
    effect: Wikipedia states that polyurethanes may degrade due to hydrolysis. No A276 humidity or moisture-ageing result was found in any source read for this profile.
    conditions:
      basis: general statement about polyurethanes; not an A276 test
    source: wikipedia-polyurethane
    where: Degradation and environmental fate, Hydrolysis and biodegradation
    rating: unknown
risks:
  hazards:
    - text: PubChem's GHS entry for titanium dioxide, the pigment named for A276 in the Acktar table, gives the hazard statement 'Suspected of causing cancer' with the signal word Warning. The ECHA classification listed on the same page is Not Classified. This is the pure pigment, not the formulated paint.
      ghs: []
      source: pubchem-tio2
      where: GHS Classification section
    - text: PubChem's NIOSH excerpt for titanium dioxide lists inhalation as the exposure route, lung fibrosis as a symptom, and a potential occupational carcinogen.
      ghs: []
      source: pubchem-tio2
      where: 13.1.4 Health Hazards, NIOSH Pocket Guide excerpt
    - text: Wikipedia states that isocyanates used to produce polyurethane polymers are known skin and respiratory sensitizers, according to OSHA. No source read prints whether AEROGLAZE A276 contains an isocyanate.
      ghs: []
      source: wikipedia-polyurethane
      where: Health and safety section
  failure_risks:
    - mode: Atomic oxygen erosion of the polyurethane binder
      trigger: Unprotected exposure on the LDEF leading edge in low Earth orbit
      consequence: The binder eroded completely, while the diffuse reflectance stayed relatively unchanged, per the NASA A0034 interim results.
      severity: high
      source: nasa-ldef-a0034
      where: Results paragraph beginning 'The A276 white coating exposed to atomic oxygen'
    - mode: Solar UV darkening of the A276 coating
      trigger: LDEF specimen under a severely contaminated window
      consequence: Severe degradation of the A276 coating, per the NASA A0034 paper.
      severity: moderate
      source: nasa-ldef-a0034
      where: Results paragraph after the diffuse reflectance statement
    - mode: Solar UV damage under a silicone overcoat
      trigger: Silicone overcoats (RTV670 and OI650) used to protect A276 on LDEF
      consequence: The overcoat prevented material loss but allowed, presumably, solar UV damage of the A276 coating, per the S0069 report.
      severity: moderate
      source: nasa-ldef-s0069
      where: Section 'RTV670 and OI650 Silicone Overcoats on A276'
  side_effects: []
  handling:
    - text: Acktar's table gives no handling step. The Modus Advanced article says that for most substrates a primer should be applied to ensure adhesion, and the technical data sheet is cited as the source of that advice.
      source: modus-a276-blog
      where: Adhesion and application text
    - text: No manufacturer technical data sheet or safety data sheet for AEROGLAZE A276 was read in this run. The Socomore and Lord sites were not reached, so cure temperature, pot life and handling steps are not recorded from a primary source.
      source: silmid-leaflet
      where: Leaflet contact block (no data sheet was reachable)
  mitigations:
    - text: The S0069 report says silicone overcoats prevented material loss on A276 on LDEF, but they allowed solar UV damage, so an overcoat trades erosion for UV darkening.
      source: nasa-ldef-s0069
      where: Section 'RTV670 and OI650 Silicone Overcoats on A276'
uses:
  - application: thermal-control
    device: Spacecraft thermal control topcoat, gloss white
    example: The Socomore leaflet says the AEROGLAZE topcoats listed, which include A276, have withstood the space environment, and it names NASA's Hubble Telescope, the Space Shuttle program and the Long Duration Exposure Facility (LDEF) among notable applications.
    source: silmid-leaflet
    where: Introduction paragraph, 'Low outgassing thermal control coating systems'
  - application: thermal-control
    device: Surfaces evaluated for planetary missions
    example: Acktar's page lists Aeroglaze 276 among white thermal control paints evaluated by ITL for planetary missions, in tests that included vacuum and dust, but prints no A276-specific results for those tests.
    source: acktar-thermal-control
    where: Section 3.5, 'Application of thermal control paints in planetary missions'
supply:
  - subject: Titanium dioxide pigment (the pigment named for A276 in Acktar Table 1)
    demand: No production or market figure for AEROGLAZE A276 was found in any source read. Acktar's Table 1 names Lord Corp., USA as the manufacturer, the S0069 report names Lord Chemical Co., and the Socomore leaflet lists A276 with Socomore contact details. These sources disagree about the maker, so none is treated as settled.
    routes: 'USGS 2026: the United States is heavily reliant on imports of titanium mineral concentrates, yet it was a net exporter of TiO2 pigments.'
    producers: []
    critical_lists: []
    substitutes: []
    source: usgs-titanium-2026
    where: Titanium summary, Domestic Production and Use, and Salient Statistics table
documents:
  - title: Silmid, Space and optical coatings leaflet (English), Socomore Aeroglaze TOPCOATS table
    type: datasheet
    url: https://www.silmid.com/Documents/Brochures/Space-coatings_leaflet_english.pdf
  - title: Acktar, Thermal control coatings page (Tables 1, 3 and 6)
    type: datasheet
    url: https://acktar.com/thermal-control-coatings/
  - title: Modus Advanced blog, Aeroglaze A276 replacement coating (competitor article)
    type: datasheet
    url: https://www.modusadvanced.com/resources/blog/aeroglaze-a276-polyurethane-white-coating-replacement
  - title: Linton and Kamenetzky, Second LDEF Post-Retrieval Symposium, Interim Results of Experiment A0034
    type: report
    url: https://ntrs.nasa.gov/api/citations/19930019094/downloads/19930019094.pdf
    year: 1993
  - title: Wilkes, Miller, Mell, LeMaster and Zwiener, The Performance of Thermal Control Coatings on LDEF and Implications to Future Spacecraft
    type: report
    url: https://ntrs.nasa.gov/api/citations/19940026508/downloads/19940026508.pdf
    year: 1994
  - title: PubChem compound summary, Titanium dioxide, CID 26042
    type: database
    url: https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/Titanium-dioxide
  - title: USGS Mineral Commodity Summaries 2026, Titanium
    type: report
    url: https://pubs.usgs.gov/periodicals/mcs2026/mcs2026-titanium.pdf
    year: 2026
gaps:
  - 'Total atomic-oxygen fluence for the Acktar Table 3 erosion rows: the figure is printed in the table title in exponent form, so it is not copied (rule against exponent values).'
  - 'Electrical resistivity: the leaflet prints ''non-conductive'' for A276, which is not a number, so it is not recorded.'
  - 'Operating temperature range: the Modus article prints ''Not fully specified'', and no other source read gives a range, so none is recorded.'
  - 'Technical data sheet and safety data sheet: the Socomore, Silmid and Lord pages did not yield a readable datasheet in this run, so cure temperature, pot life, pigment share, density and full handling steps are not recorded from a primary source.'
  - 'Thermal emittance disagrees between sources: the Socomore leaflet prints normal emissivity 0.91, and Acktar Table 6 prints thermal emittance 0.880 with no conditions; both are recorded side by side and not merged.'
  - 'Solar absorptivity disagrees between sources: the leaflet and the Modus article agree on 0.23, but Acktar Table 6 prints 0.170; the difference is not explained by any source read.'
  - 'Who makes A276: Acktar Table 1 says Lord Corp., USA; the S0069 report says Lord Chemical Co.; the Socomore leaflet lists A276 under Socomore; the Modus article names no manufacturer. No source resolves this.'
  - 'A276 composition: binder chemistry, isocyanate, polyol and TiO2 share are not printed in any source read, so the recipe parts have no shares.'
  - Outgassing from the NASA outgassing database or ASTM E595 for A276 was not read; only the leaflet's TML and CVCM are recorded, with its modified-schedule footnote.
  - Water vapour regain, humidity ageing and chemical resistance beyond the Modus article's general statement were not found in any source read.
  - 'Supply: production or market figures for A276 and its raw materials, and critical-mineral status of titanium dioxide in the list read, were not found in any source read.'
  - Isocyanate content and GHS classification of the formulated A276 paint were not found; the SDS was not reached.
  - LDEF exposure durations for the A276 specimens were not stated in the passages read.
  - Property names atomic_oxygen_erosion, atomic_oxygen_mass_change, thermal_emittance, solids_content, dry_film_thickness, voc_content and cure_time are not in spores/property-canon.yaml, so short snake_case names are used for them. The solar_absorptance, normal_emittance, total_mass_loss and cvcm names are also outside the canon list.
sources:
  silmid-leaflet:
    title: Space and optical coatings, Socomore Aeroglaze leaflet (English), distributed by Silmid
    id: Silmid space-coatings leaflet, TOPCOATS table (AEROGLAZE A276)
    url: https://www.silmid.com/Documents/Brochures/Space-coatings_leaflet_english.pdf
    kind: datasheet
    license: manufacturer leaflet, linked not reproduced
  acktar-thermal-control:
    title: Acktar, Thermal control coatings page (Tables 1, 3 and 6)
    id: Acktar thermal control coatings page, Table 1 row 8, Table 3 row A276, Table 6 row A276, Section 3.5
    url: https://acktar.com/thermal-control-coatings/
    kind: web
    license: web page, linked not reproduced
  modus-a276-blog:
    title: Modus Advanced, Aeroglaze A276 replacement coating blog post (competitor article)
    id: Modus Advanced blog, property list for Aeroglaze A276 and adhesion text
    url: https://www.modusadvanced.com/resources/blog/aeroglaze-a276-polyurethane-white-coating-replacement
    kind: web
    license: competitor marketing article, linked not reproduced
  nasa-ldef-a0034:
    title: Second LDEF Post-Retrieval Symposium, Interim Results of Experiment A0034
    id: Linton and Kamenetzky, NASA MSFC, NTRS 19930019094
    url: https://ntrs.nasa.gov/api/citations/19930019094/downloads/19930019094.pdf
    year: 1993
    kind: report
    license: NASA public document
  nasa-ldef-s0069:
    title: The Performance of Thermal Control Coatings on LDEF and Implications to Future Spacecraft
    id: Wilkes, Miller, Mell, LeMaster and Zwiener, NASA N94-31013, NTRS 19940026508
    url: https://ntrs.nasa.gov/api/citations/19940026508/downloads/19940026508.pdf
    year: 1994
    kind: report
    license: NASA public document
  pubchem-tio2:
    title: Titanium dioxide, PubChem CID 26042, GHS classification and NIOSH excerpt
    id: PubChem compound summary, CID 26042
    url: https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/Titanium-dioxide
    kind: database
    license: PubChem public record
  usgs-titanium-2026:
    title: USGS Mineral Commodity Summaries 2026, Titanium
    id: USGS MCS 2026, titanium chapter, Domestic Production and Use, Salient Statistics
    url: https://pubs.usgs.gov/periodicals/mcs2026/mcs2026-titanium.pdf
    year: 2026
    kind: report
    license: US government public domain
  wikipedia-polyurethane:
    title: Polyurethane, Wikipedia
    id: Polyurethane article, Lead, Health and safety, Degradation and environmental fate
    url: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polyurethane
    kind: web
    license: CC BY-SA 4.0, linked not reproduced
license: CC-BY-4.0
updated: '2026-11-01'
review:
  status: draft
  method: assistant
  checked_values: 12
  unreachable: 2
  caveats: 4
  note: Values were read by an AI assistant on 2026-11-01 from the pages and PDFs named in each entry. The Socomore product pages were not reached and no A276 technical data sheet was found, so the leaflet values are the primary record. Acktar Table 6 disagrees with the leaflet on solar absorptance and emittance, and both are kept. The Modus Advanced figures come from a competitor's marketing article. The LDEF papers give no numbers for A276 in the passages read.
story:
  recipe:
    line: AEROGLAZE A276 is a moisture-curing polyurethane coating with titanium dioxide pigment, per the Acktar Table 1 entry. Polyurethanes are typically made by reacting a diisocyanate with a polyol, per Wikipedia. The A276 formulation, its isocyanate, its polyol and the pigment share are not printed in any source read.
    parts:
      - name: Polyurethane binder
        role: Moisture-curing polyurethane binder, the film-forming part of the paint; the NASA A0034 paper says the A276 binder eroded completely under atomic oxygen on the LDEF leading edge
        share_note: not printed in any source read
      - name: Titanium dioxide pigment
        role: White pigment named in Acktar Table 1 as the pigment of Aeroglaze 276 White Gloss
        share_note: not printed in any source read
  risk_groups:
    - title: For people
      lead: The PubChem entry for titanium dioxide, the pigment named for A276, carries a suspected-carcinogen statement for the pure pigment, and Wikipedia cites OSHA for isocyanate sensitization in polyurethanes.
      level: 2
      verdict: Pigment and isocyanate hazard, not measured for A276
      points:
        - label: Pigment
          line: PubChem lists a GHS hazard statement, 'Suspected of causing cancer', for titanium dioxide, while its ECHA entry is Not Classified.
        - label: Isocyanates
          line: Wikipedia states that isocyanates used to make polyurethanes are known skin and respiratory sensitizers, according to OSHA. No source read says whether A276 contains one.
    - title: If it fails
      lead: In orbit, the failure route in these sources is atomic oxygen erosion of the binder, measured on LDEF.
      points:
        - label: Atomic oxygen
          line: On the LDEF leading edge the A276 binder eroded completely, but the diffuse reflectance stayed relatively unchanged, per the NASA A0034 interim results.
        - label: Silicone overcoats
          line: The S0069 report says silicone overcoats stopped the material loss but allowed solar UV damage of the A276 coating.
  why: AEROGLAZE A276 is a gloss white polyurethane topcoat for spacecraft thermal control. The Socomore leaflet prints a solar absorptivity of 0.23 and a normal emissivity of 0.91 for it, with a TML of 0.99 % and a CVCM of 0.08 %. Acktar's page gives a different solar absorptance of 0.170 and thermal emittance of 0.880 without conditions, so the two sets are kept apart.
  uses:
    - where: Spacecraft thermal control
      line: The Socomore leaflet lists NASA's Hubble Telescope, the Space Shuttle program and the LDEF among notable applications of the AEROGLAZE topcoats, which include A276.
    - where: Planetary mission test
      line: Acktar lists Aeroglaze 276 among white thermal control paints evaluated by ITL for planetary missions, in tests that included vacuum and dust, without printing A276 results.
  can_do:
    - label: Reflect sunlight
      value: 0.23 solar absorptivity
      benchmark: solar_absorptance
      line: The Socomore leaflet prints a solar absorptivity of 0.23 for AEROGLAZE A276. Acktar's summary table prints 0.170 for the same paint with no conditions, so the two are not merged.
    - label: Radiate heat
      value: 0.91 normal emissivity
      benchmark: normal_emittance
      line: The Socomore leaflet prints a normal emissivity of 0.91 for AEROGLAZE A276. Acktar's Table 6 prints a thermal emittance of 0.880, which is a different figure from a different source.
    - label: Stay low in outgassing
      value: 0.99 % TML and 0.08 % CVCM
      benchmark: total_mass_loss
      line: The leaflet prints a TML of 0.99 % and a CVCM of 0.08 % for AEROGLAZE A276, both obtained by a modified cure or bake-out schedule.
  compare: The Socomore leaflet and the Modus article agree on a solar absorptivity of 0.23 for A276, while Acktar Table 6 prints 0.170 with no test conditions, and the leaflet and Acktar's thermal emittance of 0.880 are not the same measure. The black sister topcoat Z306 is in its own profile; it is a different paint, so it is not compared here. Test schedules and film thicknesses differ between sources, so none of these rows is a ranking.
  compare_rows:
    - scope: material
      label: Solar absorptance
      benchmark: solar_absorptance
    - scope: material
      label: Normal emittance
      benchmark: normal_emittance
    - scope: material
      label: Total mass loss
      benchmark: total_mass_loss
  handling:
    - Check the current manufacturer's technical data sheet and safety data sheet, since neither was readable in this run.
    - Treat the leaflet's TML and CVCM as values from a modified cure or bake-out schedule, not as the result for a standard flight cure.
    - Plan for a primer on most substrates, as the Modus article says the technical data sheet advises.
    - Plan for isocyanate and pigment hazards in the handling plan until the formulated paint's SDS is checked.
  good_for:
    - 'Gloss white thermal-control surfaces: solar absorptivity 0.23 and normal emissivity 0.91 as printed in the Socomore leaflet.'
    - 'Low-outgassing white coatings: TML of 0.99 % and CVCM of 0.08 % as printed in the leaflet, under a modified bake-out schedule.'
  watch_out:
    - 'Atomic oxygen: on the LDEF leading edge the A276 binder eroded completely, per the NASA A0034 paper.'
    - 'Solar UV: silicone overcoats stopped material loss on A276 but allowed UV damage, per the S0069 report.'
    - 'Source conflict: solar absorptance 0.23 in the leaflet versus 0.170 in Acktar Table 6, with no conditions for the second.'
    - No temperature range, cure temperature or A276 humidity result was read, so those operating limits are not recorded.
  verdict: AEROGLAZE A276 is a gloss white polyurethane coating with a solar absorptivity of 0.23 and a normal emissivity of 0.91 in the Socomore leaflet, and TML and CVCM of 0.99 % and 0.08 % under a modified bake-out. Acktar prints different optical values, and LDEF showed the binder eroding under atomic oxygen. Its operating range, cure temperature and any humidity data were not found in any source read.