{
  "id": "ula-atlas-v",
  "title": "Atlas V",
  "maker": "United Launch Alliance",
  "maker_type": "Commercial",
  "kind": "mission",
  "category": "launchers",
  "page": "https://spacemushroom.com/space-products/ula-atlas-v/",
  "website": "https://www.ulalaunch.com/docs/default-source/rockets/atlasvusersguide2010.pdf",
  "summary": "ULA's Atlas V uses isogrid aluminum booster tanks, a stainless steel Centaur upper stage and graphite-epoxy composite sandwich structures.",
  "application": "Atlas V launches national security, NASA and commercial payloads and the Starliner crew capsule. Its isogrid aluminum booster and balloon-style stainless steel Centaur tanks are historic examples of tank design.",
  "story": {
    "headline": "Atlas V is the United Launch Alliance rocket that carries national security, NASA and commercial payloads.",
    "intro": [
      "Atlas V is a rocket from United Launch Alliance, known as ULA. It launches national security payloads, NASA missions, commercial payloads and Boeing's Starliner crew capsule. NASA used it for the Curiosity and Perseverance Mars rovers. The first Atlas V flew in 2002, and the Atlas family has more than 600 launches behind it.",
      "The booster's tanks are isogrid aluminium, walls with a grid of stiffening ribs. The Centaur upper stage has balloon-style stainless steel tanks that keep their shape from the pressure inside them. The 5-metre fairing is graphite-epoxy, a carbon composite, over aluminium honeycomb."
    ],
    "built": [
      {
        "title": "Booster tanks",
        "text": "The booster's oxygen and kerosene tanks are welded aluminium isogrid, closed by spun-formed domes. Skirts join the tanks, some in 2014 alloy with aluminium ring frames. The whole booster structure is only eight simple subassemblies, where the earlier Atlas IIAS used more than 100.",
        "parts": [
          "Booster LO2 and RP tanks",
          "Spun-formed tank domes (forward and aft, with manhole cover and sump)",
          "LO2 and RP intertank skirts",
          "Forward adapter skirt and RP adapter skirt"
        ]
      },
      {
        "title": "The RD-180 engine",
        "text": "One RD-180 engine, made by RD AMROSS, a joint venture of Pratt & Whitney and NPO Energomash, powers the booster. It has two chambers fed by a common turbopump and produces 3826 kilonewtons at sea level. It descends from the four-chamber RD-170 and RD-171 of the Russian Energia boosters.",
        "parts": [
          "RD-180 engine (x1)"
        ]
      },
      {
        "title": "Centaur upper stage",
        "text": "Centaur's stainless steel tanks are pressure stabilised, so they keep their shape from the pressure inside. A double-wall, vacuum-insulated bulkhead separates the liquid hydrogen from the liquid oxygen, and foam insulation is bonded to the outside of both tanks. One or two RL10 engines power it.",
        "parts": [
          "Centaur propellant tanks",
          "Intermediate bulkhead",
          "Propellant tank foam insulation",
          "RL10A-4-2 engine (x1 or x2)"
        ]
      },
      {
        "title": "Fairings and adapters",
        "text": "The 4-metre fairing is an aluminium skin, stringer and frame clamshell. The 5-metre fairing is a sandwich of graphite-epoxy sheets over an aluminium honeycomb core. The interstage adapter on the 400 series is graphite-epoxy composite with an aluminium ring, and the 500 series uses a machined aluminium ring forging.",
        "parts": [
          "4-m payload fairing",
          "5-m payload fairing",
          "400 series interstage adapter",
          "Booster cylindrical interstage adapter (500 series)"
        ]
      },
      {
        "title": "Solid boosters",
        "text": "The 400 series takes up to three strap-on solid boosters, and the 500 series up to five. The Aerojet boosters in ULA's 2010 guide have one-piece graphite-epoxy cases, carbon phenolic nozzles and HTPB propellant. Northrop Grumman's GEM 63 boosters first flew on Atlas V in November 2020.",
        "parts": [
          "Strap-on solid rocket boosters (0 to 3 on the 400 series, 0 to 5 on the 500 series)",
          "SRB case",
          "SRB nozzle",
          "SRB propellant"
        ]
      }
    ],
    "materials": [
      {
        "name": "Aluminium",
        "mid": "aluminium",
        "where": "Isogrid walls of the booster's oxygen and kerosene tanks, plus the feedlines and the 4-metre fairing."
      },
      {
        "name": "Aluminium alloy 2014",
        "mid": "aluminium-2014",
        "where": "Isogrid panels of the booster's forward and kerosene-tank adapter skirts."
      },
      {
        "name": "Stainless steel",
        "mid": "stainless-steel",
        "where": "The pressure-stabilised Centaur propellant tanks. ULA does not name the grade."
      },
      {
        "name": "Graphite-epoxy composite",
        "mid": "carbon-fibre",
        "where": "The 400 series interstage adapter and the cases of the Aerojet solid boosters."
      },
      {
        "name": "Aluminium honeycomb",
        "mid": "aluminium-honeycomb-hexweb",
        "where": "The core of the 5-metre fairing and its boattail, the booster heat shield and the 3.8-metre Centaur interstage adapter."
      },
      {
        "name": "Carbon phenolic",
        "mid": "carbon-phenolic",
        "where": "The fixed nozzles of the Aerojet solid boosters."
      }
    ],
    "connections": "One RD-180 engine powers the booster, the same engine that flew on Atlas III, and one or two RL10 engines power the Centaur. Atlas V launched the Curiosity and Perseverance rovers, the Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter and Landsat 9, and it carries Starliner. Aerojet Rocketdyne and later Northrop Grumman supplied the solid boosters, and Honeywell the navigation unit. RUAG Space built the 5-metre fairing for the Curiosity launch.",
    "unknown": "ULA's detailed structure guide dates from 2010, before the GEM 63 boosters and the RL10C-1 engine arrived, so it does not cover them. It does not name the aluminium alloys of the booster tanks, the stainless steel grade of the Centaur, the foam insulation, or the maker of the Centaur tanks and valves.",
    "facts": [
      {
        "label": "Booster size",
        "value": "3.81 m diameter x 32.46 m length"
      },
      {
        "label": "Booster propellant",
        "value": "284,089 kg LO2 and RP-1"
      },
      {
        "label": "Centaur propellant",
        "value": "20,830 kg LH2 and LO2"
      },
      {
        "label": "5-metre fairing diameter",
        "value": "5.4 m"
      },
      {
        "label": "Atlas V 541 height",
        "value": "197 ft (Mars 2020 vehicle with 5-m fairing)"
      },
      {
        "label": "First Atlas V flight",
        "value": "2002"
      }
    ]
  },
  "specifications": [
    {
      "label": "Booster size",
      "value": "3.81 m diameter x 32.46 m length",
      "source_url": "https://www.ulalaunch.com/docs/default-source/rockets/atlasvusersguide2010.pdf",
      "quote": "3.81-m (150-in) Dia x 32.46-m (1278-in) Length",
      "quote_check": "not matched on the source page"
    },
    {
      "label": "Centaur size",
      "value": "3.05 m diameter x 12.68 m length with extended nozzle",
      "source_url": "https://www.ulalaunch.com/docs/default-source/rockets/atlasvusersguide2010.pdf",
      "quote": "3.05-m (120-in) Dia. x 12.68-m (499-in) Length",
      "quote_check": "not matched on the source page"
    },
    {
      "label": "Centaur propellant",
      "value": "20,830 kg LH2 and LO2",
      "source_url": "https://www.ulalaunch.com/docs/default-source/rockets/atlasvusersguide2010.pdf",
      "quote": "20,830-kg (45,922 lbs) LH2 & LO2",
      "quote_check": "not matched on the source page"
    },
    {
      "label": "Booster propellant",
      "value": "284,089 kg LO2 and RP-1",
      "source_url": "https://www.ulalaunch.com/docs/default-source/rockets/atlasvusersguide2010.pdf",
      "quote": "284,089-kg (626,309 lbs) LO2 & RP-1",
      "quote_check": "not matched on the source page"
    },
    {
      "label": "SRB thrust",
      "value": "1688.4 kN each (zero to five on 500 series)",
      "source_url": "https://www.ulalaunch.com/docs/default-source/rockets/atlasvusersguide2010.pdf",
      "quote": "1688.4 kN (379,550 lbf) (Each)",
      "quote_check": "not matched on the source page"
    },
    {
      "label": "5-m fairing diameter",
      "value": "5.4 m",
      "source_url": "https://www.ulalaunch.com/docs/default-source/rockets/atlasvusersguide2010.pdf",
      "quote": "5.4-m (213-in)",
      "quote_check": "not matched on the source page"
    },
    {
      "label": "RD-180 flight record at 2010 guide",
      "value": "25 Atlas V flights, over 41,400 seconds in 221 firings",
      "source_url": "https://www.ulalaunch.com/docs/default-source/rockets/atlasvusersguide2010.pdf",
      "quote": "The RD-180 is flight-proven for Atlas V 400 and 500 series LV configurations (25 flights at print date)"
    },
    {
      "label": "Atlas V 541 height",
      "value": "197 ft (Mars 2020 vehicle with 5-m fairing)",
      "source_url": "https://www.ulalaunch.com/about/news/2020/07/30/united-launch-alliance-atlas-v-successfully-launches-mars-2020-mission-for-nasa",
      "quote": "This Atlas V 541 configuration vehicle included a 5-meter payload fairing (PLF) and stood at 197 ft. tall."
    },
    {
      "label": "Booster structure",
      "value": "eight simple subassemblies (Atlas IIAS used over 100 parts and subassemblies)",
      "source_url": "https://www.ulalaunch.com/docs/default-source/rockets/atlasvusersguide2010.pdf",
      "quote": "The Atlas booster structure is comprised of only eight simple subassemblies"
    },
    {
      "label": "Booster first flight year",
      "value": "2002",
      "source_url": "https://blog.ulalaunch.com/blog/cert-1-you-know-atlas-and-delta-now-meet-vulcan",
      "quote": "Similar to the first Atlas V flight in 2002, Vulcan rocketed off the pad without delays."
    },
    {
      "label": "Atlas family launches",
      "value": "more than 600 Atlas program launches",
      "source_url": "https://www.ulalaunch.com/rockets/atlas-v",
      "quote": "Founded on a heritage of more than 600 Atlas program launches."
    },
    {
      "label": "GEM 63 first flight",
      "value": "Atlas V NROL-101, November 2020",
      "source_url": "https://northropgrumman.com/space/-/wp-content/uploads/GEM-63-GEM-63XL-Datasheet.pdf",
      "quote": "The GEM 63 first flew on the Atlas V’s National Reconnaissance Office Launch 101 (NROL-101) mission in November 2020."
    },
    {
      "label": "GEM 63 data",
      "value": "total mass 108,600 lb, propellant 97,500 lb, burn time 97.6 s, max thrust 370,835 lbf, length 791 in",
      "source_url": "https://northropgrumman.com/space/-/wp-content/uploads/GEM-63-GEM-63XL-Datasheet.pdf",
      "quote": "Total Mass 108,600 lb (49,300 kg) 117,700 lb (53,400 kg)"
    },
    {
      "label": "Centaur propellant tanks stretch",
      "value": "1.7 m (5.5 ft) longer than the Atlas IIAS Centaur",
      "source_url": "https://www.ulalaunch.com/docs/default-source/rockets/atlasvusersguide2010.pdf",
      "quote": "has a 1.7-m (5.5-ft) stretch in tank length for added performance compared to the Atlas IIAS Centaur"
    }
  ],
  "features": [
    {
      "text": "Zero to three ground-lit solid boosters on 400 series",
      "source_url": "https://www.ulalaunch.com/docs/default-source/rockets/atlasvusersguide2010.pdf",
      "quote": "Zero-to-Three Ground-Lit",
      "quote_check": "not matched on the source page"
    },
    {
      "text": "Common Centaur is a restartable cryogenic upper stage",
      "source_url": "https://www.ulalaunch.com/docs/default-source/rockets/atlasvusersguide2010.pdf",
      "quote": "One or Two Pratt & Whitney Restartable",
      "quote_check": "not matched on the source page"
    }
  ],
  "parts": [
    {
      "assembly": "Atlas booster",
      "parts": [
        {
          "part": "Booster LO2 and RP tanks",
          "material": "aluminum isogrid panels, welded",
          "form": "structurally stable tanks, spun-formed domes",
          "finish": null,
          "standard": null,
          "hardware_ref": null,
          "quote": "constructed of structurally stable aluminum isogrid tanks",
          "source_url": "https://www.ulalaunch.com/docs/default-source/rockets/atlasvusersguide2010.pdf",
          "profile": "aluminium",
          "mid": "aluminium"
        },
        {
          "part": "Forward adapter skirt and RP adapter skirt",
          "material": "aluminum 2014 isogrid panels with aluminum ring frames",
          "form": "skirt",
          "finish": null,
          "standard": null,
          "hardware_ref": null,
          "quote": "aluminum 2014 isogrid panels with aluminum ring frames",
          "source_url": "https://www.ulalaunch.com/docs/default-source/rockets/atlasvusersguide2010.pdf",
          "profile": null,
          "mid": "aluminium-2014"
        },
        {
          "part": "Aft transition structure ring frames and skins",
          "material": "aluminum 7075 ring frames, aluminum 2040 skins (as printed)",
          "form": "integrally machined",
          "finish": null,
          "standard": null,
          "hardware_ref": null,
          "quote": "constructed of aluminum 7075 ring frames and fittings with aluminum 2040 skins",
          "source_url": "https://www.ulalaunch.com/docs/default-source/rockets/atlasvusersguide2010.pdf",
          "profile": "aluminium-7075",
          "mid": "aluminium-7075"
        },
        {
          "part": "Booster heat shield",
          "material": "graphite epoxy face sheets over aluminum honeycomb",
          "form": "composite sandwich",
          "finish": null,
          "standard": null,
          "hardware_ref": null,
          "quote": "composite structure with graphite epoxy facesheets over an aluminum honeycomb",
          "source_url": "https://www.ulalaunch.com/docs/default-source/rockets/atlasvusersguide2010.pdf",
          "profile": "aluminium-honeycomb-hexweb",
          "mid": "aluminium-honeycomb-hexweb"
        },
        {
          "part": "Propellant feedlines",
          "material": "aluminum",
          "form": "duct assemblies",
          "finish": null,
          "standard": null,
          "hardware_ref": null,
          "quote": "propellant feedlines are aluminum duct assemblies",
          "source_url": "https://www.ulalaunch.com/docs/default-source/rockets/atlasvusersguide2010.pdf",
          "profile": "aluminium",
          "mid": "aluminium"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "assembly": "Common Centaur upper stage",
      "parts": [
        {
          "part": "Centaur propellant tanks",
          "material": "stainless steel (grade not stated)",
          "form": "pressure stabilized tanks with common ellipsoidal bulkhead",
          "finish": null,
          "standard": null,
          "hardware_ref": null,
          "quote": "Pressure Stabilized Stainless Steel Tanks",
          "source_url": "https://www.ulalaunch.com/docs/default-source/rockets/atlasvusersguide2010.pdf",
          "profile": null,
          "mid": "stainless-steel"
        },
        {
          "part": "Centaur extendible nozzle (RL10, dual engine)",
          "material": "columbium",
          "form": "extendible nozzle",
          "finish": null,
          "standard": null,
          "hardware_ref": null,
          "quote": "Columbium Extendible Nozzles",
          "source_url": "https://www.ulalaunch.com/docs/default-source/rockets/atlasvusersguide2010.pdf",
          "profile": null,
          "mid": "columbium-niobium"
        },
        {
          "part": "RL10A-4-2 engine (x1 or x2)",
          "material": null,
          "form": null,
          "finish": null,
          "standard": null,
          "hardware_ref": "Supplier: Pratt & Whitney",
          "quote": "Primary propulsion is provided by Pratt & Whitney RL10A-4-2 engine(s) with a fixed, radiatively cooled nozzle extension.",
          "source_url": "https://www.ulalaunch.com/docs/default-source/rockets/atlasvusersguide2010.pdf",
          "profile": null,
          "mid": null,
          "function": "Gimbaled, regeneratively cooled hydrogen/oxygen engine; single- or dual-engine Centaur",
          "specs": [
            {
              "label": "Thrust and specific impulse",
              "value": "99.2 kN (22,300 lbf) at 450.5 s",
              "quote": "The RL10A-4-2 engine develops a thrust of 99.2 kN (22,300 lbf) at a specific impulse of 450.5 seconds.",
              "source_url": "https://www.ulalaunch.com/docs/default-source/rockets/atlasvusersguide2010.pdf"
            },
            {
              "label": "Configurations",
              "value": "single-engine (SEC) or dual-engine (DEC) Centaur",
              "quote": "has the capability to be configured as a single- or dual-engine Centaur (SEC or DEC)",
              "source_url": "https://www.ulalaunch.com/docs/default-source/rockets/atlasvusersguide2010.pdf"
            },
            {
              "label": "Current engine",
              "value": "L3Harris RL10C-1",
              "quote": "the lightweight L3Harris RL10C-1 engine provides industry best thrust-to-weight ratio",
              "source_url": "https://www.ulalaunch.com/rockets/atlas-v"
            }
          ]
        },
        {
          "part": "Centaur forward adapter (CFA)",
          "material": null,
          "form": null,
          "finish": null,
          "standard": null,
          "hardware_ref": null,
          "quote": "combines the functions of the stub adapter and equipment module used on earlier Atlas configurations into a single, more producible structure",
          "source_url": "https://www.ulalaunch.com/docs/default-source/rockets/atlasvusersguide2010.pdf",
          "profile": null,
          "mid": null,
          "function": "Single structure that carries avionics, harnesses and the forward umbilical panel"
        },
        {
          "part": "Intermediate bulkhead",
          "material": null,
          "form": null,
          "finish": null,
          "standard": null,
          "hardware_ref": null,
          "quote": "A double-wall, vacuum-insulated intermediate bulkhead separates the propellants.",
          "source_url": "https://www.ulalaunch.com/docs/default-source/rockets/atlasvusersguide2010.pdf",
          "profile": null,
          "mid": null,
          "function": "Double-wall, vacuum-insulated wall between the LH2 and LO2"
        },
        {
          "part": "Propellant tank foam insulation",
          "material": "foam insulation (foam type not stated)",
          "form": null,
          "finish": null,
          "standard": null,
          "hardware_ref": null,
          "quote": "It consists of foam insulation bonded to the exterior surface of the LH2 and LO2 tanks",
          "source_url": "https://www.ulalaunch.com/docs/default-source/rockets/atlasvusersguide2010.pdf",
          "profile": null,
          "mid": "foam-insulation-unstated",
          "function": "Limits ice formation and boil-off on the ground and during ascent"
        },
        {
          "part": "Single-engine support beam",
          "material": null,
          "form": null,
          "finish": null,
          "standard": null,
          "hardware_ref": null,
          "quote": "The SEC incorporates an engine support beam that attaches to the aft bulkhead in the existing engine mount locations",
          "source_url": "https://www.ulalaunch.com/docs/default-source/rockets/atlasvusersguide2010.pdf",
          "profile": null,
          "mid": null,
          "function": "Centre-line mount for one engine, 452 mm aft of the dual-engine location"
        },
        {
          "part": "Centaur vent and pressurization system (CVAPS)",
          "material": null,
          "form": null,
          "finish": null,
          "standard": null,
          "hardware_ref": null,
          "quote": "The Centaur Vent and Pressurization System (CVAPS) maintains the ullage tank pressures to ensure structural integrity.",
          "source_url": "https://www.ulalaunch.com/docs/default-source/rockets/atlasvusersguide2010.pdf",
          "profile": null,
          "mid": null,
          "function": "Keeps tank pressure within limits and protects the intermediate bulkhead"
        },
        {
          "part": "Helium storage bottles (x2, composite)",
          "material": "graphite-epoxy overwrap with Inconel metallic liner",
          "form": null,
          "finish": null,
          "standard": null,
          "hardware_ref": null,
          "quote": "cylindrical composite helium storage bottles charged to 27,580 kPa (4,000 psi)",
          "source_url": "https://www.ulalaunch.com/docs/default-source/rockets/atlasvusersguide2010.pdf",
          "profile": null,
          "mid": "graphite-epoxy",
          "function": "Helium for engine and reaction control system controls",
          "specs": [
            {
              "label": "Construction",
              "value": "graphite-epoxy overwrapped, Inconel metallic liner",
              "quote": "The helium bottles are graphite-epoxy overwrapped with an Inconel metallic liner",
              "source_url": "https://www.ulalaunch.com/docs/default-source/rockets/atlasvusersguide2010.pdf"
            }
          ]
        },
        {
          "part": "Hydrazine reaction control system (RCS)",
          "material": null,
          "form": null,
          "finish": null,
          "standard": null,
          "hardware_ref": null,
          "quote": "The hydrazine-based Reaction Control System (RCS) provides pitch, yaw, and roll control for Centaur during coast phases of flight",
          "source_url": "https://www.ulalaunch.com/docs/default-source/rockets/atlasvusersguide2010.pdf",
          "profile": null,
          "mid": null,
          "function": "Pitch, yaw and roll in coast, and propellant settling before engine start"
        },
        {
          "part": "Thrust vector control: electronic control unit and two electromechanical actuators",
          "material": null,
          "form": null,
          "finish": null,
          "standard": null,
          "hardware_ref": null,
          "quote": "consists of an Electronic Control Unit (ECU) and two Electromechanical Actuators (EMA)",
          "source_url": "https://www.ulalaunch.com/docs/default-source/rockets/atlasvusersguide2010.pdf",
          "profile": null,
          "mid": null,
          "function": "Steers each Centaur engine"
        },
        {
          "part": "Propellant utilization (PU) system",
          "material": null,
          "form": null,
          "finish": null,
          "standard": null,
          "hardware_ref": null,
          "quote": "using three redundant externally mounted differential pressure transducers",
          "source_url": "https://www.ulalaunch.com/docs/default-source/rockets/atlasvusersguide2010.pdf",
          "profile": null,
          "mid": null,
          "function": "Measures remaining LH2 and LO2 with differential pressure transducers and trims the engine mixture ratio"
        },
        {
          "part": "Propellant level indication system (PLIS)",
          "material": null,
          "form": null,
          "finish": null,
          "standard": null,
          "hardware_ref": null,
          "quote": "The Centaur Propellant Level Indication System (PLIS) is used during tanking operations to indicate levels of fuel and oxidizer in the propellant tanks.",
          "source_url": "https://www.ulalaunch.com/docs/default-source/rockets/atlasvusersguide2010.pdf",
          "profile": null,
          "mid": null,
          "function": "Cold wire sensors that show levels while tanking"
        },
        {
          "part": "Geosynchronous orbit kit (GSO kit)",
          "material": null,
          "form": null,
          "finish": null,
          "standard": null,
          "hardware_ref": null,
          "quote": "This GSO Kit includes two additional (for a total of four) 150 AH batteries and LH2 tank sidewall radiation shielding.",
          "source_url": "https://www.ulalaunch.com/docs/default-source/rockets/atlasvusersguide2010.pdf",
          "profile": null,
          "mid": null,
          "function": "Extra batteries and radiation shielding for long GEO missions"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "assembly": "Payload fairings and adapters",
      "parts": [
        {
          "part": "4-m payload fairing",
          "material": "aluminum",
          "form": "skin, stringer and frame clamshell",
          "finish": null,
          "standard": null,
          "hardware_ref": null,
          "quote": "Aluminum Skin Stringer & Frame Clamshell",
          "source_url": "https://www.ulalaunch.com/docs/default-source/rockets/atlasvusersguide2010.pdf",
          "profile": "aluminium",
          "mid": "aluminium"
        },
        {
          "part": "5-m payload fairing",
          "material": "graphite epoxy face sheets with aluminum honeycomb core",
          "form": "bisector sandwich",
          "finish": null,
          "standard": null,
          "hardware_ref": null,
          "quote": "Sandwich Construction with Graphite Epoxy Face Sheets & an Aluminum Honeycomb Core",
          "source_url": "https://www.ulalaunch.com/docs/default-source/rockets/atlasvusersguide2010.pdf",
          "profile": "aluminium-honeycomb-hexweb",
          "mid": "aluminium-honeycomb-hexweb"
        },
        {
          "part": "400 series interstage adapter",
          "material": "graphite epoxy composite with aluminum ring",
          "form": "conical and cylindrical sections",
          "finish": null,
          "standard": null,
          "hardware_ref": null,
          "quote": "Composite (Graphite Epoxy) with Aluminum Ring",
          "source_url": "https://www.ulalaunch.com/docs/default-source/rockets/atlasvusersguide2010.pdf",
          "profile": "carbon-fibre",
          "mid": "carbon-fibre"
        },
        {
          "part": "Booster cylindrical interstage adapter (500 series)",
          "material": "aluminum machined rolled-ring forging",
          "form": "ring",
          "finish": null,
          "standard": null,
          "hardware_ref": null,
          "quote": "Aluminum Machined Rolled-Ring Forging",
          "source_url": "https://www.ulalaunch.com/docs/default-source/rockets/atlasvusersguide2010.pdf",
          "profile": "aluminium",
          "mid": "aluminium"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "assembly": "Solid rocket boosters (Aerojet, 2010 guide)",
      "parts": [
        {
          "part": "SRB case",
          "material": "graphite-epoxy",
          "form": "monolithic case, no segment joints",
          "finish": null,
          "standard": null,
          "hardware_ref": null,
          "quote": "graphite-epoxy case, carbon phenolic nozzle, and high-performance Class 1.3 HTPB propellant",
          "source_url": "https://www.ulalaunch.com/docs/default-source/rockets/atlasvusersguide2010.pdf",
          "profile": "carbon-fibre",
          "mid": "carbon-fibre"
        },
        {
          "part": "SRB nozzle",
          "material": "carbon phenolic",
          "form": "fixed nozzle canted 3 degrees",
          "finish": null,
          "standard": null,
          "hardware_ref": null,
          "quote": "carbon phenolic nozzle",
          "source_url": "https://www.ulalaunch.com/docs/default-source/rockets/atlasvusersguide2010.pdf",
          "profile": null,
          "mid": "carbon-phenolic"
        },
        {
          "part": "SRB propellant",
          "material": "HTPB, Class 1.3",
          "form": "solid propellant",
          "finish": null,
          "standard": null,
          "hardware_ref": null,
          "quote": "high-performance Class 1.3 HTPB propellant",
          "source_url": "https://www.ulalaunch.com/docs/default-source/rockets/atlasvusersguide2010.pdf",
          "profile": null,
          "mid": "htpb-propellant"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "assembly": "Atlas booster (first stage)",
      "parts": [
        {
          "part": "RD-180 engine (x1)",
          "material": null,
          "form": null,
          "finish": null,
          "standard": null,
          "hardware_ref": "Supplier: RD AMROSS (joint venture of Pratt & Whitney and NPO Energomash)",
          "quote": "provided by RD AMROSS, a joint venture of Pratt & Whitney and NPO Energomash, is a two-chamber design fed by a common turbopump assembly",
          "source_url": "https://www.ulalaunch.com/docs/default-source/rockets/atlasvusersguide2010.pdf",
          "profile": null,
          "mid": null,
          "function": "Single two-chamber first-stage engine, LO2 and RP-1, staged combustion",
          "specs": [
            {
              "label": "Sea-level thrust",
              "value": "3826 kN (860,200 lbf)",
              "quote": "Nominal thrust at sea level is 3826 kN (860,200 lbf).",
              "source_url": "https://www.ulalaunch.com/docs/default-source/rockets/atlasvusersguide2010.pdf"
            },
            {
              "label": "Throttle range",
              "value": "47% to 100% of nominal thrust",
              "quote": "capable of continuous throttle between 47% and 100% of nominal thrust",
              "source_url": "https://www.ulalaunch.com/docs/default-source/rockets/atlasvusersguide2010.pdf"
            },
            {
              "label": "Heritage",
              "value": "Derivative of the four-chamber RD-170/171 engines of the Russian Energia boosters",
              "quote": "is a derivative of the four-chamber RD-170/171 engines used on Russia’s Energia boosters",
              "source_url": "https://www.ulalaunch.com/docs/default-source/rockets/atlasvusersguide2010.pdf"
            }
          ]
        },
        {
          "part": "LO2 tank splice ring",
          "material": "aluminium (machined rolled-ring forging; alloy not stated)",
          "form": null,
          "finish": null,
          "standard": null,
          "hardware_ref": null,
          "quote": "The splice ring is an aluminum machined rolled-ring forging.",
          "source_url": "https://www.ulalaunch.com/docs/default-source/rockets/atlasvusersguide2010.pdf",
          "profile": "aluminium",
          "mid": "aluminium",
          "function": "Joins the forward and aft barrel sections of the LO2 tank"
        },
        {
          "part": "Spun-formed tank domes (forward and aft, with manhole cover and sump)",
          "material": null,
          "form": null,
          "finish": null,
          "standard": null,
          "hardware_ref": null,
          "quote": "a one-piece spun-formed forward dome with manhole cover, and a one-piece spun-formed aft dome with a sump",
          "source_url": "https://www.ulalaunch.com/docs/default-source/rockets/atlasvusersguide2010.pdf",
          "profile": null,
          "mid": null,
          "function": "Close the ends of the LO2 and RP tanks"
        },
        {
          "part": "LO2 and RP intertank skirts",
          "material": "aluminium isogrid with aluminium ring frames (alloy not stated)",
          "form": null,
          "finish": null,
          "standard": null,
          "hardware_ref": null,
          "quote": "The LO2 intertank skirt attaches to aft end of the tank and joins the LO2 tank to the RP tank.",
          "source_url": "https://www.ulalaunch.com/docs/default-source/rockets/atlasvusersguide2010.pdf",
          "profile": "aluminium",
          "mid": "aluminium",
          "function": "Join the LO2 tank to the RP tank",
          "specs": [
            {
              "label": "Skirt construction",
              "value": "aluminum isogrid with aluminum ring frames",
              "quote": "The skirt is aluminum isogrid with aluminum ring frames.",
              "source_url": "https://www.ulalaunch.com/docs/default-source/rockets/atlasvusersguide2010.pdf"
            }
          ]
        },
        {
          "part": "Pressurization system (4 composite overwrapped helium vessels, flow control assemblies, filters)",
          "material": null,
          "form": null,
          "finish": null,
          "standard": null,
          "hardware_ref": null,
          "quote": "four Composite Overwrapped Pressure Vessels (COPVs) to store helium",
          "source_url": "https://www.ulalaunch.com/docs/default-source/rockets/atlasvusersguide2010.pdf",
          "profile": null,
          "mid": null,
          "function": "Pressurizes the RP and LO2 tanks in flight and from the ground",
          "specs": [
            {
              "label": "Pressure transducers",
              "value": "two sets of three, monitored by the airborne computer",
              "quote": "Two sets of three pressure transducers measure tank pressures in the fuel and LO2 propellant tanks, respectively.",
              "source_url": "https://www.ulalaunch.com/docs/default-source/rockets/atlasvusersguide2010.pdf"
            }
          ]
        },
        {
          "part": "Aft transition structure helium bottles (x2)",
          "material": null,
          "form": null,
          "finish": null,
          "standard": null,
          "hardware_ref": null,
          "quote": "houses two of the helium bottles used to pressurize the propellant tanks",
          "source_url": "https://www.ulalaunch.com/docs/default-source/rockets/atlasvusersguide2010.pdf",
          "profile": null,
          "mid": null,
          "function": "Two of the bottles that pressurize the propellant tanks"
        },
        {
          "part": "Avionics pod",
          "material": null,
          "form": null,
          "finish": null,
          "standard": null,
          "hardware_ref": null,
          "quote": "provides mounting and protection for the Booster Remote Control Unit (BRCU), batteries, Ordnance Remote Control Assembly (ORCA), instrumentation system, and flight termination system",
          "source_url": "https://www.ulalaunch.com/docs/default-source/rockets/atlasvusersguide2010.pdf",
          "profile": null,
          "mid": null,
          "function": "Side-mounted equipment pod with the booster remote control unit, batteries, ORCA, instrumentation and flight termination system"
        },
        {
          "part": "Rate gyro unit",
          "material": null,
          "form": null,
          "finish": null,
          "standard": null,
          "hardware_ref": null,
          "quote": "mounting and protection for a rate gyro unit",
          "source_url": "https://www.ulalaunch.com/docs/default-source/rockets/atlasvusersguide2010.pdf",
          "profile": null,
          "mid": null,
          "function": "Booster rate sensing, in the upper avionics pod"
        },
        {
          "part": "Booster main batteries (redundant) and ORCA pyrotechnic controllers (x2) with pyrotechnic batteries (x2)",
          "material": null,
          "form": null,
          "finish": null,
          "standard": null,
          "hardware_ref": null,
          "quote": "Two ORCAs and two dedicated pyrotechnic batteries are provided in a redundant design.",
          "source_url": "https://www.ulalaunch.com/docs/default-source/rockets/atlasvusersguide2010.pdf",
          "profile": null,
          "mid": null,
          "function": "Power and ordnance control for booster events",
          "specs": [
            {
              "label": "Main batteries",
              "value": "redundant main batteries in the booster design",
              "quote": "On the Atlas booster, redundant main batteries have been incorporated in the design.",
              "source_url": "https://www.ulalaunch.com/docs/default-source/rockets/atlasvusersguide2010.pdf"
            }
          ]
        },
        {
          "part": "Automatic Destruct System (ADS)",
          "material": null,
          "form": null,
          "finish": null,
          "standard": null,
          "hardware_ref": null,
          "quote": "the Automatic Destruct System (ADS), a system that senses inadvertent stage separation and autonomously commands destruct",
          "source_url": "https://www.ulalaunch.com/docs/default-source/rockets/atlasvusersguide2010.pdf",
          "profile": null,
          "mid": null,
          "function": "Senses inadvertent stage separation and commands destruct on its own"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "assembly": "Solid rocket boosters",
      "parts": [
        {
          "part": "Strap-on solid rocket boosters (0 to 3 on the 400 series, 0 to 5 on the 500 series)",
          "material": null,
          "form": null,
          "finish": null,
          "standard": null,
          "hardware_ref": "Supplier: Aerojet (2010 guide); Northrop Grumman GEM 63 from 2020",
          "quote": "up to three strap-on SRBs for the Atlas V 400 series and up to five strap-on SRBs for the Atlas V 500 series",
          "source_url": "https://www.ulalaunch.com/docs/default-source/rockets/atlasvusersguide2010.pdf",
          "profile": null,
          "mid": null,
          "function": "Extra liftoff thrust, ground-lit",
          "specs": [
            {
              "label": "Size and mass",
              "value": "1.5 m diameter, 20.4 m long, about 46,000 kg",
              "quote": "The Solid Rocket Booster (SRB) is 1.5-m (5-ft) in diameter, 20.4-m (67-ft) long, and weighs approximately 46,000 kg (51 tons).",
              "source_url": "https://www.ulalaunch.com/docs/default-source/rockets/atlasvusersguide2010.pdf"
            },
            {
              "label": "Nozzle",
              "value": "fixed nozzle canted at 3 degrees; monolithic, no segment joints",
              "quote": "have a fixed nozzle that is canted at 3 degrees, and are monolithic in design (no segment joints)",
              "source_url": "https://www.ulalaunch.com/docs/default-source/rockets/atlasvusersguide2010.pdf"
            },
            {
              "label": "GEM 63 replacement",
              "value": "63-inch strap-on booster from Northrop Grumman powering Atlas V",
              "quote": "The GEM 63 is a 63-inch-diameter strap-on solid rocket booster that is powering ULA’s Atlas V launch vehicle.",
              "source_url": "https://northropgrumman.com/space/-/wp-content/uploads/GEM-63-GEM-63XL-Datasheet.pdf"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "assembly": "Interstage adapters and fairing base",
      "parts": [
        {
          "part": "Centaur aft stub adapter (ASA) with frangible joint",
          "material": "aluminium (alloy not stated)",
          "form": null,
          "finish": null,
          "standard": null,
          "hardware_ref": null,
          "quote": "The Centaur Aft Stub Adapter (ASA) is an aluminum structure that provides the structural attachment to the Centaur.",
          "source_url": "https://www.ulalaunch.com/docs/default-source/rockets/atlasvusersguide2010.pdf",
          "profile": "aluminium",
          "mid": "aluminium",
          "function": "Attaches the Centaur to the booster and holds the frangible joint that separates them",
          "specs": [
            {
              "label": "Separation system",
              "value": "Frangible Joint",
              "quote": "The ASA contains the Frangible Joint separation system for use in separating the Atlas booster from the Centaur upper stage.",
              "source_url": "https://www.ulalaunch.com/docs/default-source/rockets/atlasvusersguide2010.pdf"
            }
          ]
        },
        {
          "part": "Centaur conical interstage adapter",
          "material": "aluminium skin stringer structure (alloy not stated)",
          "form": null,
          "finish": null,
          "standard": null,
          "hardware_ref": null,
          "quote": "provides the transition from the 3.05-m (10-ft) diameter Centaur aft stub adapter to the 3.8-m (12.5-ft) diameter Centaur interstage adapter",
          "source_url": "https://www.ulalaunch.com/docs/default-source/rockets/atlasvusersguide2010.pdf",
          "profile": "aluminium",
          "mid": "aluminium",
          "function": "Steps the diameter from 3.05 m to 3.8 m on the 500 series"
        },
        {
          "part": "Centaur interstage adapter (C-ISA, 3.8 m)",
          "material": "graphite-epoxy facesheets over aluminium honeycomb core",
          "form": null,
          "finish": null,
          "standard": null,
          "hardware_ref": null,
          "quote": "provides the attachment between the Atlas booster, the Centaur, and the 5-m PLF boattail",
          "source_url": "https://www.ulalaunch.com/docs/default-source/rockets/atlasvusersguide2010.pdf",
          "profile": "aluminium-honeycomb-hexweb",
          "mid": "aluminium-honeycomb-hexweb",
          "function": "Joins the booster, Centaur and 5-m fairing boattail",
          "specs": [
            {
              "label": "Construction",
              "value": "composite, graphite-epoxy facesheets over an aluminum honeycomb core (printed as graphic-epoxy)",
              "quote": "composite structure with graphic-epoxy facesheets over an aluminum honeycomb core",
              "source_url": "https://www.ulalaunch.com/docs/default-source/rockets/atlasvusersguide2010.pdf"
            }
          ]
        },
        {
          "part": "5-m payload fairing boattail assembly",
          "material": "graphite-epoxy facesheets over aluminium honeycomb core",
          "form": null,
          "finish": null,
          "standard": null,
          "hardware_ref": null,
          "quote": "provides the transition structure between the 3.8-m (12.5-ft) diameter Centaur interstage adapter and the 5-m diameter PLF modules",
          "source_url": "https://www.ulalaunch.com/docs/default-source/rockets/atlasvusersguide2010.pdf",
          "profile": "aluminium-honeycomb-hexweb",
          "mid": "aluminium-honeycomb-hexweb",
          "function": "Transition between the 3.8 m interstage and the 5 m fairing modules",
          "specs": [
            {
              "label": "Construction",
              "value": "composite of graphite-epoxy facesheets over an aluminum honeycomb core",
              "quote": "It is a composite structure of graphite-epoxy facesheets over an aluminum honeycomb core.",
              "source_url": "https://www.ulalaunch.com/docs/default-source/rockets/atlasvusersguide2010.pdf"
            }
          ]
        },
        {
          "part": "Centaur forward load reactor (CFLR)",
          "material": null,
          "form": null,
          "finish": null,
          "standard": null,
          "hardware_ref": null,
          "quote": "is attached to the Centaur forward adapter and provides load sharing between the Centaur structure and the 5-m PLF",
          "source_url": "https://www.ulalaunch.com/docs/default-source/rockets/atlasvusersguide2010.pdf",
          "profile": null,
          "mid": null,
          "function": "Shares load between the Centaur and the 5-m fairing"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "assembly": "Centaur avionics",
      "parts": [
        {
          "part": "Fault-tolerant inertial navigation unit (FTINU)",
          "material": null,
          "form": null,
          "finish": null,
          "standard": null,
          "hardware_ref": "Supplier: Honeywell",
          "quote": "the new FTINU developed by Honeywell for service on Atlas V since mid 2005",
          "source_url": "https://www.ulalaunch.com/docs/default-source/rockets/atlasvusersguide2010.pdf",
          "profile": null,
          "mid": null,
          "function": "Guidance, navigation and flight control computer with ring laser gyros",
          "specs": [
            {
              "label": "Sensors",
              "value": "five rate gyros and five accelerometers",
              "quote": "an inertial sensor assembly that consists of five rate gyros and five accelerometers",
              "source_url": "https://www.ulalaunch.com/docs/default-source/rockets/atlasvusersguide2010.pdf"
            }
          ]
        },
        {
          "part": "Upper stage remote control unit (URCU)",
          "material": null,
          "form": null,
          "finish": null,
          "standard": null,
          "hardware_ref": null,
          "quote": "The URCU provides 96 outputs (per channel) of solid-state switching under FTINU software control",
          "source_url": "https://www.ulalaunch.com/docs/default-source/rockets/atlasvusersguide2010.pdf",
          "profile": null,
          "mid": null,
          "function": "Power and switching control, 96 solid-state outputs per channel"
        },
        {
          "part": "Main vehicle batteries (x2, 28 Vdc) and pyrotechnic batteries (x2)",
          "material": null,
          "form": null,
          "finish": null,
          "standard": null,
          "hardware_ref": null,
          "quote": "the electrical power system consists of two 28 Vdc main vehicle batteries, two pyrotechnic batteries, the URCU",
          "source_url": "https://www.ulalaunch.com/docs/default-source/rockets/atlasvusersguide2010.pdf",
          "profile": null,
          "mid": null,
          "function": "Centaur electrical power"
        },
        {
          "part": "Telemetry: master data unit and two remote data units",
          "material": null,
          "form": null,
          "finish": null,
          "standard": null,
          "hardware_ref": null,
          "quote": "consists of a Master Data Unit (MDU) and two Remote Data Units (RDUs)",
          "source_url": "https://www.ulalaunch.com/docs/default-source/rockets/atlasvusersguide2010.pdf",
          "profile": null,
          "mid": null,
          "function": "Data acquisition across booster and Centaur"
        },
        {
          "part": "C-band tracking transponder",
          "material": null,
          "form": null,
          "finish": null,
          "standard": null,
          "hardware_ref": null,
          "quote": "The baseline system consists of a noncoherent transponder, a power divider, and two antennas.",
          "source_url": "https://www.ulalaunch.com/docs/default-source/rockets/atlasvusersguide2010.pdf",
          "profile": null,
          "mid": null,
          "function": "Lets range radar track the vehicle"
        },
        {
          "part": "Secure flight termination system (SFTS)",
          "material": null,
          "form": null,
          "finish": null,
          "standard": null,
          "hardware_ref": null,
          "quote": "telemetry and tracking, secure flight termination capability, and electrical power distribution",
          "source_url": "https://www.ulalaunch.com/docs/default-source/rockets/atlasvusersguide2010.pdf",
          "profile": null,
          "mid": null,
          "function": "Independent Centaur destruct and engine shutdown capability"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "assembly": "Payload accommodations",
      "parts": [
        {
          "part": "Launch vehicle (C-) adapters",
          "material": "integrally machined aluminium (alloy not stated)",
          "form": null,
          "finish": null,
          "standard": null,
          "hardware_ref": null,
          "quote": "The LV adapter, also known as a C-adapter",
          "source_url": "https://www.ulalaunch.com/docs/default-source/rockets/atlasvusersguide2010.pdf",
          "profile": "aluminium",
          "mid": "aluminium",
          "function": "Machined aluminium cylinder between Centaur and payload separation ring",
          "specs": [
            {
              "label": "Construction",
              "value": "Integrally Machined Aluminum",
              "quote": "Construction Integrally Machined Aluminum",
              "source_url": "https://www.ulalaunch.com/docs/default-source/rockets/atlasvusersguide2010.pdf"
            }
          ]
        },
        {
          "part": "Aft bulkhead carrier (ABC)",
          "material": null,
          "form": null,
          "finish": null,
          "standard": null,
          "hardware_ref": null,
          "quote": "The ABC can carry an auxiliary payload with a mass of up to 80 kg (176 lb).",
          "source_url": "https://www.ulalaunch.com/docs/default-source/rockets/atlasvusersguide2010.pdf",
          "profile": null,
          "mid": null,
          "function": "Auxiliary payload bay on the Centaur aft bulkhead, up to 80 kg"
        },
        {
          "part": "C-adapter platform (CAP)",
          "material": null,
          "form": null,
          "finish": null,
          "standard": null,
          "hardware_ref": null,
          "quote": "It can carry an auxiliary payload with a mass up to 45 kg (100 lb).",
          "source_url": "https://www.ulalaunch.com/docs/default-source/rockets/atlasvusersguide2010.pdf",
          "profile": null,
          "mid": null,
          "function": "Side-mounted auxiliary payload inside the fairing, up to 45 kg"
        },
        {
          "part": "Dual spacecraft system (DSS)",
          "material": null,
          "form": null,
          "finish": null,
          "standard": null,
          "hardware_ref": null,
          "quote": "DSS, Consisting of Two (2) Centaur Forward Adapters (Mated Back to Back)",
          "source_url": "https://www.ulalaunch.com/docs/default-source/rockets/atlasvusersguide2010.pdf",
          "profile": null,
          "mid": null,
          "function": "Two back-to-back Centaur forward adapters to launch two spacecraft on a 4-m vehicle"
        },
        {
          "part": "Dual payload carrier (DPC)",
          "material": null,
          "form": null,
          "finish": null,
          "standard": null,
          "hardware_ref": null,
          "quote": "The DPC fits entirely within the 5m medium PLF and divides the PLF volume into two payload compartments",
          "source_url": "https://www.ulalaunch.com/docs/default-source/rockets/atlasvusersguide2010.pdf",
          "profile": null,
          "mid": null,
          "function": "Splits the 5-m medium fairing into two payload compartments"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "assembly": "Starliner (N22) configuration",
      "parts": [
        {
          "part": "Launch vehicle adapter (LVA) for Starliner",
          "material": null,
          "form": null,
          "finish": null,
          "standard": null,
          "hardware_ref": null,
          "quote": "a Launch Vehicle Adapter (LVA) that structurally attaches the Starliner to the Atlas V rocket for ascent",
          "source_url": "https://blog.ulalaunch.com/blog/cft-atlas-v-primed-for-its-first-human-space-launch",
          "profile": null,
          "mid": null,
          "function": "Structurally attaches the capsule to the rocket for ascent"
        },
        {
          "part": "Aeroskirt (70 in, 1.8 m)",
          "material": null,
          "form": null,
          "finish": null,
          "standard": null,
          "hardware_ref": null,
          "quote": "a 70-inch-long (1.8-m) aeroskirt to enhance the aerodynamic characteristics, stability and loads of the Atlas V",
          "source_url": "https://blog.ulalaunch.com/blog/cft-atlas-v-primed-for-its-first-human-space-launch",
          "profile": null,
          "mid": null,
          "function": "Improves aerodynamics, stability and loads"
        },
        {
          "part": "Emergency detection system (EDS)",
          "material": null,
          "form": null,
          "finish": null,
          "standard": null,
          "hardware_ref": null,
          "quote": "an Emergency Detection System (EDS) that provides an extra layer of safety for astronauts riding the reliable Atlas V",
          "source_url": "https://blog.ulalaunch.com/blog/cft-atlas-v-primed-for-its-first-human-space-launch",
          "profile": null,
          "mid": null,
          "function": "Extra layer of safety for astronauts"
        }
      ]
    }
  ],
  "materials": [
    {
      "id": "aluminium",
      "name": "integrally machined aluminium (alloy not stated)",
      "material_page": "https://spacemushroom.com/profiles/aluminium/"
    },
    {
      "id": "aluminium-2014",
      "name": "aluminum 2014 isogrid panels with aluminum ring frames",
      "material_page": null
    },
    {
      "id": "aluminium-7075",
      "name": "aluminum 7075 ring frames, aluminum 2040 skins (as printed)",
      "material_page": "https://spacemushroom.com/profiles/aluminium-7075/"
    },
    {
      "id": "aluminium-honeycomb-hexweb",
      "name": "graphite-epoxy facesheets over aluminium honeycomb core",
      "material_page": "https://spacemushroom.com/profiles/aluminium-honeycomb-hexweb/"
    },
    {
      "id": "stainless-steel",
      "name": "stainless steel (grade not stated)",
      "material_page": null
    },
    {
      "id": "columbium-niobium",
      "name": "columbium",
      "material_page": null
    },
    {
      "id": "carbon-fibre",
      "name": "graphite-epoxy",
      "material_page": "https://spacemushroom.com/profiles/carbon-fibre/"
    },
    {
      "id": "carbon-phenolic",
      "name": "carbon phenolic",
      "material_page": null
    },
    {
      "id": "htpb-propellant",
      "name": "HTPB, Class 1.3",
      "material_page": null
    },
    {
      "id": "foam-insulation-unstated",
      "name": "foam insulation (foam type not stated)",
      "material_page": null
    },
    {
      "id": "graphite-epoxy",
      "name": "graphite-epoxy overwrap with Inconel metallic liner",
      "material_page": null
    }
  ],
  "standards": [],
  "relations": [
    {
      "type": "carries",
      "target": "RD-180 engine",
      "target_slug": "npo-energomash-rd-180",
      "note": "Atlas booster: one engine; first stage of every Atlas V (batch2 draft entry npo-energomash-rd-180)",
      "quote": "It is powered by a single RD-180 engine fueled by Liquid Oxygen (LO2) and a highly purified form of kerosene",
      "source_url": "https://www.ulalaunch.com/docs/default-source/rockets/atlasvusersguide2010.pdf"
    },
    {
      "type": "carries",
      "target": "RL10 engine",
      "target_slug": "ula-rl10",
      "note": "Common Centaur: one engine (SEC) or two (DEC); RL10A-4-2 in the 2010 guide, RL10C-1 now",
      "quote": "Primary propulsion is provided by Pratt & Whitney RL10A-4-2 engine(s) with a fixed, radiatively cooled nozzle extension.",
      "source_url": "https://www.ulalaunch.com/docs/default-source/rockets/atlasvusersguide2010.pdf"
    },
    {
      "type": "carries",
      "target": "RL10 engine",
      "target_slug": "ula-rl10",
      "note": "Single-engine Centaur on Mars 2020 flew an RL10C-1",
      "quote": "Aerojet Rocketdyne provided the four AJ-60A SRBs and RL10C-1 engine for the Centaur upper stage.",
      "source_url": "https://www.ulalaunch.com/about/news/2020/07/30/united-launch-alliance-atlas-v-successfully-launches-mars-2020-mission-for-nasa"
    },
    {
      "type": "carries",
      "target": "Curiosity rover (Mars Science Laboratory)",
      "target_slug": "nasa-curiosity-rover",
      "note": "Launched on an Atlas V 541",
      "quote": "This mission will be launched aboard an Atlas V 541 configuration vehicle",
      "source_url": "https://www.ulalaunch.com/about/news/2011/11/21/united-launch-alliance-atlas-v-rocket-set-to-launch-nasa-s-mars-science-lab-to-the-red-planet"
    },
    {
      "type": "carries",
      "target": "Perseverance rover (Mars 2020)",
      "target_slug": "nasa-perseverance-rover",
      "note": "Launched on an Atlas V 541 from Space Launch Complex-41, 30 Jul 2020",
      "quote": "Atlas V rocket carrying the Mars 2020 mission with the Perseverance rover for NASA, lifted off from Space Launch Complex-41 on July 30",
      "source_url": "https://www.ulalaunch.com/about/news/2020/07/30/united-launch-alliance-atlas-v-successfully-launches-mars-2020-mission-for-nasa"
    },
    {
      "type": "carries",
      "target": "Boeing Starliner",
      "target_slug": "boeing-starliner",
      "note": "Atlas V N22 launches the capsule",
      "quote": "Atlas V launching Boeing's Starliner spacecraft as part of NASA's Commercial Crew Program",
      "source_url": "https://blog.ulalaunch.com/blog/cft-atlas-v-primed-for-its-first-human-space-launch"
    },
    {
      "type": "carries",
      "target": "Landsat 9",
      "target_slug": "nasa-landsat-9",
      "note": "Launched on an Atlas V 401, 27 Sep 2021",
      "quote": "Landsat 9 was successfully launched into orbit on September 27, 2021 aboard an Atlas-V 401 rocket",
      "source_url": "https://science.nasa.gov/mission/landsat-9/mission-details/"
    },
    {
      "type": "carries",
      "target": "Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter",
      "target_slug": "nasa-lro",
      "note": "Launched on an Atlas V 401",
      "quote": "will be launched on an Atlas 5 401 Launch Vehicle",
      "source_url": "https://naif.jpl.nasa.gov/pub/naif/pds/data/lro-l-spice-6-v1.0/lrosp_1000/catalog/insthost.cat"
    },
    {
      "type": "supplied_by",
      "target": "RD AMROSS, Pratt & Whitney, NPO Energomash",
      "target_slug": null,
      "note": "RD-180 engine",
      "quote": "provided by RD AMROSS, a joint venture of Pratt & Whitney and NPO Energomash",
      "source_url": "https://www.ulalaunch.com/docs/default-source/rockets/atlasvusersguide2010.pdf"
    },
    {
      "type": "supplied_by",
      "target": "Aerojet Rocketdyne",
      "target_slug": null,
      "note": "AJ-60A solid rocket boosters (and the RL10C-1 on Mars 2020)",
      "quote": "Aerojet Rocketdyne provided the four AJ-60A SRBs and RL10C-1 engine for the Centaur upper stage.",
      "source_url": "https://www.ulalaunch.com/about/news/2020/07/30/united-launch-alliance-atlas-v-successfully-launches-mars-2020-mission-for-nasa"
    },
    {
      "type": "supplied_by",
      "target": "Northrop Grumman",
      "target_slug": null,
      "note": "GEM 63 strap-on boosters from 2020",
      "quote": "The GEM 63 is a 63-inch-diameter strap-on solid rocket booster that is powering ULA’s Atlas V launch vehicle.",
      "source_url": "https://northropgrumman.com/space/-/wp-content/uploads/GEM-63-GEM-63XL-Datasheet.pdf"
    },
    {
      "type": "supplied_by",
      "target": "Honeywell",
      "target_slug": null,
      "note": "Fault-tolerant inertial navigation unit",
      "quote": "the new FTINU developed by Honeywell for service on Atlas V since mid 2005",
      "source_url": "https://www.ulalaunch.com/docs/default-source/rockets/atlasvusersguide2010.pdf"
    },
    {
      "type": "supplied_by",
      "target": "RUAG Space",
      "target_slug": null,
      "note": "5-m payload fairing (Atlas V 541 for Curiosity)",
      "quote": "a 5-meter diameter RUAG Space payload fairing along with four Aerojet solid rocket motors attached to the Atlas booster",
      "source_url": "https://www.ulalaunch.com/about/news/2011/11/21/united-launch-alliance-atlas-v-rocket-set-to-launch-nasa-s-mars-science-lab-to-the-red-planet"
    },
    {
      "type": "supplied_by",
      "target": "L3Harris Technologies",
      "target_slug": null,
      "note": "RL10C-1 engine on the current Centaur",
      "quote": "the lightweight L3Harris RL10C-1 engine provides industry best thrust-to-weight ratio",
      "source_url": "https://www.ulalaunch.com/rockets/atlas-v"
    },
    {
      "type": "heritage_of",
      "target": "Atlas III",
      "target_slug": null,
      "note": "Uses the RD-180 flown on Atlas III",
      "quote": "Atlas V uses the same RD-180 engine flown on Atlas III.",
      "source_url": "https://www.ulalaunch.com/docs/default-source/rockets/atlasvusersguide2010.pdf"
    },
    {
      "type": "operated_by",
      "target": "United Launch Alliance",
      "target_slug": null,
      "note": "Manufacturing in Decatur, Alabama and Harlingen, Texas",
      "quote": "Manufacturing, assembly and integration operations are located at Decatur, Ala., and Harlingen, Texas.",
      "source_url": "https://www.ulalaunch.com/about/news/2011/11/21/united-launch-alliance-atlas-v-rocket-set-to-launch-nasa-s-mars-science-lab-to-the-red-planet"
    }
  ],
  "not_published": "Guide is the 2010 revision: later boosters (GEM 63 from 2020) and current Centaur details are not covered; Centaur stainless grade, fairing alloys, engine materials, first flight date not sourced. More detail: Structure and avionics come from the March 2010 user guide, so details of the GEM 63 era (from 2020) and the RL10C-1 Centaur are limited to ULA pages. Not stated in the sources read: aluminium alloys of the booster tanks and the Centaur stainless grade, the foam insulation chemistry, makers of the Centaur tank, valves, batteries and the RD-180 internals (see the RD-180 plain-name target), the 4-m fairing maker, and an exact first flight date (only the year 2002 is sourced). The fairing maker RUAG Space is sourced for the Atlas V 541 used for Curiosity; the 2010 guide also notes the 5-m fairing is a derivative of a RUAG Space design. More detail: Structure and avionics come from the March 2010 user guide, so details of the GEM 63 era (from 2020) and the RL10C-1 Centaur are limited to ULA pages. Not stated in the sources read: aluminium alloys of the booster tanks and the Centaur stainless grade, the foam insulation chemistry, makers of the Centaur tank, valves, batteries and the RD-180 internals (see the RD-180 plain-name target), the 4-m fairing maker, and an exact first flight date (only the year 2002 is sourced). The fairing maker RUAG Space is sourced for the Atlas V 541 used for Curiosity; the 2010 guide also notes the 5-m fairing is a derivative of a RUAG Space design.",
  "depth": "partial",
  "photos": [
    {
      "file": "products/context/ula-atlas-v-1.jpg",
      "alt": "Close view of the base of an Atlas V at liftoff with RD-180 exhaust at night (Lucy launch)",
      "long": "Close view of the base of an Atlas V at liftoff with RD-180 exhaust at night (Lucy launch)",
      "kind": "product",
      "credit": "Bill Ingalls | https://images.nasa.gov/details-NHQ202110160007",
      "license": "Public domain",
      "page_url": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Atlas_V_launching_Lucy.jpg"
    },
    {
      "file": "products/context/ula-atlas-v-2.jpg",
      "alt": "Atlas V with its payload fairing and solid rocket boosters being rolled out on its mobile platform in sunshine",
      "long": "Atlas V with its payload fairing and solid rocket boosters being rolled out on its mobile platform in sunshine",
      "kind": "product",
      "credit": "U.S. Space Force photo by Airman Collin Wesson | This image was released by the United States Space Force with the ID 230825-X-PM547-1100 (next). This tag does not indicate the copyright status of the attached work. A normal copyright tag is still required. See Commons:Licensing. العربية ∙ বাংলা ∙ B",
      "license": "Public domain",
      "page_url": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:ULA_Atlas_V_rocket_rollout_(7990859).jpg"
    },
    {
      "file": "products/context/ula-atlas-v-3.jpg",
      "alt": "Atlas V with Boeing Starliner on top rolling to the launch pad past lightning towers",
      "long": "Atlas V with Boeing Starliner on top rolling to the launch pad past lightning towers",
      "kind": "product",
      "credit": "NASA Kennedy Space Center / NASA/Isaac Watson | This image or video was catalogued by John F. Kennedy Space Center of the United States National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) under Photo ID: KSC-20240530-PH-ILW01_0145.",
      "license": "Public domain",
      "page_url": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Boeing_CFT_Atlas_V-Starliner_Roll_to_Pad_(KSC-20240530-PH-ILW01_0145).jpg"
    }
  ],
  "context": {
    "size": [],
    "mass": [],
    "orbit": []
  },
  "licence": "Product data CC BY 4.0, cite Space Mushroom. Photos keep their own licences, given per photo.",
  "mcp": "https://spacemushroom.com/mcp"
}