{
  "id": "nasa-voyager",
  "title": "Voyager spacecraft (Voyager 1 and 2)",
  "maker": "NASA / JPL",
  "maker_type": "Space agency",
  "kind": "satellite",
  "category": "platforms",
  "page": "https://spacemushroom.com/space-products/nasa-voyager/",
  "website": "https://science.nasa.gov/mission/voyager/spacecraft/",
  "summary": "Twin NASA deep-space probes launched in 1977, powered by plutonium-238 RTGs and carrying a gold-plated copper record in an aluminum cover.",
  "application": "Two NASA probes that flew past the outer planets and are now in interstellar space. They run on radioisotope generators and each carries a golden record of sounds and images of Earth. They are the most distant human-made objects.",
  "story": {
    "headline": "The Voyager probes are the most distant human-made objects, and each carries a golden record of Earth.",
    "intro": [
      "Voyager 1 and Voyager 2 are twin NASA probes. Voyager 2 launched on 20 August 1977 and Voyager 1 on 5 September. Both flew past the outer planets and are now in interstellar space. NASA's Jet Propulsion Laboratory built them and manages the mission.",
      "Each probe carries a golden record, a 30 cm disc of gold-plated copper holding sounds and images of Earth, as a message for anyone who might find it. Three radioisotope generators power each probe. They turn the heat of decaying plutonium-238 into electricity."
    ],
    "built": [
      {
        "title": "The golden record",
        "text": "The disc is gold-plated copper, 12 inches (30 cm) across. Each record travels in a protective aluminium jacket, together with a cartridge and a needle. The aluminium cover has an ultra-pure sample of uranium-238 electroplated on it.",
        "parts": [
          "Record disc",
          "Record cover",
          "Record protective jacket",
          "Uranium-238 sample on cover",
          "Cartridge and needle"
        ]
      },
      {
        "title": "Radioisotope power",
        "text": "Each generator unit is 40.6 cm across and 50.8 cm long, weighs 39 kg and sits in a beryllium case. The fuel is plutonium-238 oxide, whose decay heat is turned into electricity. A boom holds the generators away from the science instruments.",
        "parts": [
          "RTG outer case",
          "RTG heat source fuel",
          "RTG boom"
        ]
      },
      {
        "title": "Bus and booms",
        "text": "The body is a ten-sided bus, 47 cm high and 1.78 m across, with an electronics bay in each side. Most instruments sit on a science boom about 2.5 m long, and a separate 13 m boom carries the magnetic-field instruments. Two 10 m whip antennas also extend from the spacecraft.",
        "parts": [
          "Ten-sided bus (decahedral, 47 cm high, 1.78 m flat to flat)",
          "Ten electronics bays",
          "Science boom (about 2.5 m)",
          "Magnetometer boom (13 m)",
          "Two 10 m whip antennas (plasma wave and radio astronomy)"
        ]
      },
      {
        "title": "Thrusters",
        "text": "Liquid hydrazine fuels the thrusters, all of which Aerojet Rocketdyne developed. A rubber diaphragm sits in the fuel tank. Voyager engineers fired the four trajectory correction thrusters for the first time in 37 years.",
        "parts": [
          "Attitude-control hydrazine thrusters (two branches)",
          "Trajectory correction maneuver (TCM) thrusters (x4)",
          "Hydrazine propellant",
          "Fuel tank diaphragm"
        ]
      }
    ],
    "materials": [
      {
        "name": "Gold-plated copper",
        "mid": "gold-plated-copper",
        "where": "The golden record disc, 12 inches (30 cm) across."
      },
      {
        "name": "Aluminium",
        "mid": "aluminium",
        "where": "The record's cover and its protective jacket."
      },
      {
        "name": "Uranium-238",
        "mid": "uranium-238",
        "where": "An ultra-pure sample electroplated on the record's aluminium cover."
      },
      {
        "name": "Plutonium-238 oxide",
        "mid": "plutonium-238-oxide",
        "where": "The fuel in the radioisotope generators. Its decay heat is converted to electrical power."
      },
      {
        "name": "Beryllium",
        "mid": "beryllium",
        "where": "The outer case of each radioisotope generator."
      },
      {
        "name": "Hydrazine",
        "mid": "hydrazine",
        "where": "The liquid fuel for the thrusters."
      }
    ],
    "connections": "Both probes left Cape Canaveral in 1977 on Titan IIIE-Centaur rockets. Each rocket had two solid boosters, an Aerojet LR87-11 engine in the first stage and an LR91-11 in the second, and a Centaur upper stage with two RL10A-3 engines. Aerojet Rocketdyne also developed the probes' own thrusters. The Jet Propulsion Laboratory built both, and their cameras are modified versions of designs flown on earlier Mariner missions.",
    "unknown": "Several things are still unknown. The materials of the bus, the booms, the antenna dish and the thermal blankets are not given. Nor are the builders of the generators, computers, transmitters and instruments named, and a mass is given only for Voyager 1.",
    "facts": [
      {
        "label": "Voyager 2 launch",
        "value": "20 August 1977"
      },
      {
        "label": "Voyager 1 launch",
        "value": "5 September 1977"
      },
      {
        "label": "Voyager 1 mass",
        "value": "1,592 lb (721.9 kg)"
      },
      {
        "label": "High-gain antenna",
        "value": "3.7 m"
      },
      {
        "label": "Golden record",
        "value": "12 in (30 cm) disc"
      },
      {
        "label": "Instruments still active",
        "value": "three of 11 science experiments remain active on each spacecraft"
      }
    ]
  },
  "specifications": [
    {
      "label": "Voyager 1 launch",
      "value": "5 September 1977",
      "source_url": "https://science.nasa.gov/mission/voyager/spacecraft/",
      "quote": "Voyager 1 launched on Sept. 5, 1977."
    },
    {
      "label": "Voyager 2 launch",
      "value": "20 August 1977",
      "source_url": "https://science.nasa.gov/mission/voyager/spacecraft/",
      "quote": "Voyager 2 launched on Aug. 20, 1977"
    },
    {
      "label": "Voyager 1 mass",
      "value": "1,592 lb (721.9 kg)",
      "source_url": "https://science.nasa.gov/mission/voyager/voyager-1/",
      "quote": "Spacecraft Mass 1,592 pounds (721.9 kilograms)"
    },
    {
      "label": "Power at launch",
      "value": "Three MHW-RTGs, about 158 We each",
      "source_url": "https://science.nasa.gov/mission/voyager/voyager-1/",
      "quote": "producing about 158 W e each, at launch"
    },
    {
      "label": "Power in 2023",
      "value": "225 We from the RTGs",
      "source_url": "https://science.nasa.gov/mission/voyager/spacecraft/",
      "quote": "the twin Voyagers' RTGs are in stable operation at 225 We"
    },
    {
      "label": "High-gain antenna",
      "value": "3.7 m",
      "source_url": "https://science.nasa.gov/mission/voyager/spacecraft/",
      "quote": "via the 3.7 meter high-gain antenna (HGA)"
    },
    {
      "label": "Golden record",
      "value": "12 in (30 cm) disc",
      "source_url": "https://science.nasa.gov/mission/voyager/making-of-the-golden-record/",
      "quote": "The record is constructed of gold-plated copper and is 12 inches (30 cm) in diameter."
    },
    {
      "label": "Bus size",
      "value": "47 cm high, 1.78 m flat to flat",
      "source_url": "https://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraft/display.action?id=1977-084A",
      "quote": "Each Voyager consisted of a decahedral bus, 47 cm in height and 1.78 m across from flat to flat."
    },
    {
      "label": "Science boom length",
      "value": "about 2.5 m",
      "source_url": "https://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraft/display.action?id=1977-084A",
      "quote": "a science boom extending out some 2.5 m from the spacecraft"
    },
    {
      "label": "Magnetometer boom length",
      "value": "13 m",
      "source_url": "https://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraft/display.action?id=1977-084A",
      "quote": "a separate boom extending 13 m on the side opposite the science boom"
    },
    {
      "label": "RTG unit size and mass",
      "value": "40.6 cm diameter, 50.8 cm long, 39 kg",
      "source_url": "https://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraft/display.action?id=1977-084A",
      "quote": "was 40.6 cm in diameter, 50.8 cm in length, and weighed 39 kg"
    },
    {
      "label": "Initial RTG power",
      "value": "about 470 W at 30 V DC",
      "source_url": "https://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraft/display.action?id=1977-084A",
      "quote": "approximately 470 W of 30 V DC power at launch"
    },
    {
      "label": "Downlink",
      "value": "X-band at 160 bits/s normally, 1.4 kbps for plasma-wave playback; S-band uplink at 16 bits/s",
      "source_url": "https://science.nasa.gov/mission/voyager/spacecraft/",
      "quote": "Uplink communications is via S-band (16-bits/sec command rate) while an X-band transmitter provides downlink telemetry at 160 bits/sec normally"
    },
    {
      "label": "High-gain antenna reflector",
      "value": "3.66 m",
      "source_url": "https://descanso.jpl.nasa.gov/DPSummary/Descanso4--Voyager_new.pdf",
      "quote": "a 3.66-m diameter main reflector"
    },
    {
      "label": "Prime-mission payload",
      "value": "10 instruments, 11 investigations including radio science",
      "source_url": "https://science.nasa.gov/mission/voyager/spacecraft/",
      "quote": "The prime mission science payload consisted of 10 instruments (11 investigations including radio science)."
    },
    {
      "label": "Active instruments",
      "value": "three of 11 science experiments remain active on each spacecraft",
      "source_url": "https://science.nasa.gov/mission/voyager/spacecraft/",
      "quote": "Three of 11 science experiments remain active on each of the spacecraft."
    },
    {
      "label": "Launch vehicle, Voyager 2",
      "value": "Titan IIIE-Centaur (TC-7 / Titan no. 23E-7 / Centaur D-1T)",
      "source_url": "https://science.nasa.gov/mission/voyager/voyager-2/",
      "quote": "Titan IIIE-Centaur (TC-7 / Titan no. 23E-7 / Centaur D-1T)"
    }
  ],
  "features": [
    {
      "text": "Carries a golden record message with sounds and images of Earth",
      "source_url": "https://science.nasa.gov/mission/voyager/voyager-1/",
      "quote": "Each of the Voyagers contain a message to potential extraterrestrials"
    },
    {
      "text": "Bus has ten sides, each with an electronics bay",
      "source_url": "https://science.nasa.gov/mission/voyager/spacecraft/",
      "quote": "Each of the ten sides of the bus contains a compartment (a bay) that houses various electronic assemblies."
    }
  ],
  "parts": [
    {
      "assembly": "Golden Record",
      "parts": [
        {
          "part": "Record disc",
          "material": "gold-plated copper",
          "form": "12 in (30 cm) disc",
          "finish": null,
          "standard": null,
          "hardware_ref": null,
          "quote": "The record is constructed of gold-plated copper and is 12 inches (30 cm) in diameter.",
          "source_url": "https://science.nasa.gov/mission/voyager/making-of-the-golden-record/",
          "profile": null,
          "mid": "gold-plated-copper"
        },
        {
          "part": "Record cover",
          "material": "aluminum",
          "form": "cover with electroplated uranium-238 sample",
          "finish": null,
          "standard": null,
          "hardware_ref": null,
          "quote": "The record's cover is aluminum and electroplated upon it is an ultra-pure sample of the isotope uranium-238.",
          "source_url": "https://science.nasa.gov/mission/voyager/making-of-the-golden-record/",
          "profile": "aluminium",
          "mid": "aluminium"
        },
        {
          "part": "Record protective jacket",
          "material": "aluminum",
          "form": "jacket with cartridge and needle",
          "finish": null,
          "standard": null,
          "hardware_ref": null,
          "quote": "Each record is encased in a protective aluminum jacket, together with a cartridge and a needle.",
          "source_url": "https://science.nasa.gov/mission/voyager/golden-record-contents/",
          "profile": "aluminium",
          "mid": "aluminium"
        },
        {
          "part": "Uranium-238 sample on cover",
          "material": "uranium-238",
          "form": "electroplated sample",
          "finish": null,
          "standard": null,
          "hardware_ref": null,
          "quote": "electroplated upon it is an ultra-pure sample of the isotope uranium-238",
          "source_url": "https://science.nasa.gov/mission/voyager/making-of-the-golden-record/",
          "profile": null,
          "mid": "uranium-238"
        },
        {
          "part": "Cartridge and needle",
          "material": null,
          "form": null,
          "finish": null,
          "standard": null,
          "hardware_ref": null,
          "quote": "Each disk is encased in a protective aluminum jacket along with a cartridge and a needle.",
          "source_url": "https://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraft/display.action?id=1977-084A",
          "profile": null,
          "mid": null,
          "function": "play-back hardware encased with the disk in its jacket"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "assembly": "Radioisotope power (3 RTGs)",
      "parts": [
        {
          "part": "RTG heat source fuel",
          "material": "plutonium-238 oxide",
          "form": "radioisotope heat source",
          "finish": null,
          "standard": null,
          "hardware_ref": null,
          "quote": "The heat source radioisotopic fuel is Plutonium-238 in the form of the oxide Pu02.",
          "source_url": "https://science.nasa.gov/mission/voyager/spacecraft/",
          "profile": null,
          "mid": "plutonium-238-oxide"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "assembly": "Bus and structure",
      "parts": [
        {
          "part": "Ten-sided bus (decahedral, 47 cm high, 1.78 m flat to flat)",
          "material": null,
          "form": null,
          "finish": null,
          "standard": null,
          "hardware_ref": "Supplier: Jet Propulsion Laboratory",
          "quote": "Each Voyager consisted of a decahedral bus, 47 cm in height and 1.78 m across from flat to flat.",
          "source_url": "https://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraft/display.action?id=1977-084A",
          "profile": null,
          "mid": null,
          "function": "carries the engineering subsystems and science instruments; its z-axis points the dish at Earth",
          "specs": [
            {
              "label": "Supplier",
              "value": "Jet Propulsion Laboratory",
              "quote": "Voyager 1 was built by the Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL).",
              "source_url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Voyager_1"
            }
          ]
        },
        {
          "part": "Ten electronics bays",
          "material": null,
          "form": null,
          "finish": null,
          "standard": null,
          "hardware_ref": null,
          "quote": "Each of the ten sides of the bus contains a compartment (a bay) that houses various electronic assemblies.",
          "source_url": "https://science.nasa.gov/mission/voyager/spacecraft/",
          "profile": null,
          "mid": null,
          "function": "one compartment on each side of the bus, housing electronic assemblies (bay 1 holds the radio transmitters)"
        },
        {
          "part": "Science boom (about 2.5 m)",
          "material": null,
          "form": null,
          "finish": null,
          "standard": null,
          "hardware_ref": null,
          "quote": "The major portion of the science instruments were mounted on a science boom extending out some 2.5 m from the spacecraft.",
          "source_url": "https://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraft/display.action?id=1977-084A",
          "profile": null,
          "mid": null,
          "function": "carries the scan platform and the plasma and charged-particle detectors"
        },
        {
          "part": "Scan platform",
          "material": null,
          "form": null,
          "finish": null,
          "standard": null,
          "hardware_ref": null,
          "quote": "At the end of the science boom was a steerable scan platform on which were mounted the imaging and spectroscopic remote sensing instruments.",
          "source_url": "https://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraft/display.action?id=1977-084A",
          "profile": null,
          "mid": null,
          "function": "steerable platform for the imaging and spectroscopic remote-sensing instruments"
        },
        {
          "part": "Magnetometer boom (13 m)",
          "material": null,
          "form": null,
          "finish": null,
          "standard": null,
          "hardware_ref": null,
          "quote": "The magnetometers were located along a separate boom extending 13 m on the side opposite the science boom.",
          "source_url": "https://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraft/display.action?id=1977-084A",
          "profile": null,
          "mid": null,
          "function": "holds the magnetometers away from the bus on the side opposite the science boom"
        },
        {
          "part": "RTG boom",
          "material": null,
          "form": null,
          "finish": null,
          "standard": null,
          "hardware_ref": null,
          "quote": "A third boom, extending down and away from the science instruments, held the spacecraft's radioisotope thermoelectric generators (RTGs).",
          "source_url": "https://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraft/display.action?id=1977-084A",
          "profile": null,
          "mid": null,
          "function": "deployable boom that holds the three RTGs end to end"
        },
        {
          "part": "Optical calibration target plate",
          "material": null,
          "form": null,
          "finish": null,
          "standard": null,
          "hardware_ref": null,
          "quote": "The target plate is a flat rectangle of known color and brightness, fixed to the spacecraft",
          "source_url": "https://science.nasa.gov/mission/voyager/spacecraft/",
          "profile": null,
          "mid": null,
          "function": "flat rectangle of known colour and brightness for calibrating the scan-platform instruments"
        },
        {
          "part": "Two 10 m whip antennas (plasma wave and radio astronomy)",
          "material": null,
          "form": null,
          "finish": null,
          "standard": null,
          "hardware_ref": null,
          "quote": "Two 10 m whip antennas (used for the plasma wave and planetary radio astronomy investigations) also extended from the spacecraft",
          "source_url": "https://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraft/display.action?id=1977-084A",
          "profile": null,
          "mid": null,
          "function": "two long antennas at right angles, shared by the PWS and PRA experiments"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "assembly": "Radioisotope power",
      "parts": [
        {
          "part": "RTG outer case",
          "material": "beryllium",
          "form": null,
          "finish": null,
          "standard": null,
          "hardware_ref": null,
          "quote": "Each RTG unit, contained in a beryllium outer case, was 40.6 cm in diameter, 50.8 cm in length, and weighed 39 kg.",
          "source_url": "https://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraft/display.action?id=1977-084A",
          "profile": "beryllium",
          "mid": "beryllium",
          "function": "holds each of the three MHW-RTG units (40.6 cm diameter, 50.8 cm long, 39 kg)"
        },
        {
          "part": "RTG thermoelectric converter (silicon-germanium couples)",
          "material": "silicon-germanium (SiGe) thermoelectric couples",
          "form": null,
          "finish": null,
          "standard": null,
          "hardware_ref": null,
          "quote": "Conversion of the decay heat of the plutonium to electrical power uses 312 silicon-germanium",
          "source_url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MHW-RTG",
          "profile": "silicon-germanium",
          "mid": "silicon-germanium",
          "function": "turns the decay heat of plutonium-238 oxide into electricity",
          "specs": [
            {
              "label": "Converter, NASA wording",
              "value": "a thermoelectric converter is one of the RTG parts",
              "quote": "Each RTG is made up of a radioisotope heat source, a thermoelectric converter, a gas pressure venting system",
              "source_url": "https://science.nasa.gov/mission/voyager/spacecraft/"
            },
            {
              "label": "Converter type, NSSDCA wording",
              "value": "bi-metallic thermoelectric device",
              "quote": "A bi-metallic thermoelectric device was used to convert the heat to electric power for the spacecraft.",
              "source_url": "https://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraft/display.action?id=1977-084A"
            }
          ]
        },
        {
          "part": "RTG gas pressure venting system and temperature transducers",
          "material": null,
          "form": null,
          "finish": null,
          "standard": null,
          "hardware_ref": null,
          "quote": "a gas pressure venting system, temperature transducers, connectors, a heat rejecting cylindrical container, and bracketry",
          "source_url": "https://science.nasa.gov/mission/voyager/spacecraft/",
          "profile": null,
          "mid": null,
          "function": "vent gas from the heat source and report RTG temperatures"
        },
        {
          "part": "Three MHW-RTGs (electrically parallel)",
          "material": null,
          "form": null,
          "finish": null,
          "standard": null,
          "hardware_ref": null,
          "quote": "Three radioisotope thermoelectric generator units (RTGs), electrically parallel-connected, are the central power sources for the mission module.",
          "source_url": "https://science.nasa.gov/mission/voyager/spacecraft/",
          "profile": null,
          "mid": null,
          "function": "central power sources; about 470 W at launch",
          "specs": [
            {
              "label": "Initial output",
              "value": "about 470 W at 30 V DC at launch",
              "quote": "the initial output of the RTGs on Voyager was approximately 470 W of 30 V DC power at launch",
              "source_url": "https://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraft/display.action?id=1977-084A"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "assembly": "Computers and attitude control",
      "parts": [
        {
          "part": "Computer Command Subsystem (CCS)",
          "material": null,
          "form": null,
          "finish": null,
          "standard": null,
          "hardware_ref": null,
          "quote": "The Computer Command Subsystem (CCS) was responsible for storing commanding for the other two computers and issuing the commands at set times.",
          "source_url": "https://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraft/display.action?id=1977-084A",
          "profile": null,
          "mid": null,
          "function": "stores commands and issues them at set times; holds fault-detection and sequencing routines"
        },
        {
          "part": "Attitude and Articulation Control Subsystem (AACS)",
          "material": null,
          "form": null,
          "finish": null,
          "standard": null,
          "hardware_ref": null,
          "quote": "The Attitude and Articulation Control Subsystem (AACS) controls spacecraft orientation, maintains the pointing of the high gain antenna towards Earth",
          "source_url": "https://science.nasa.gov/mission/voyager/spacecraft/",
          "profile": null,
          "mid": null,
          "function": "controls spacecraft orientation, keeps the dish on Earth and moves the scan platform"
        },
        {
          "part": "Flight Data Subsystem (FDS)",
          "material": null,
          "form": null,
          "finish": null,
          "standard": null,
          "hardware_ref": null,
          "quote": "The Flight Data Subsystem (FDS) controlled the instruments, including changes in configuration (state) or telemetry rates.",
          "source_url": "https://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraft/display.action?id=1977-084A",
          "profile": null,
          "mid": null,
          "function": "controls the instruments, their configuration and telemetry rates"
        },
        {
          "part": "Star trackers and Sun sensors",
          "material": null,
          "form": null,
          "finish": null,
          "standard": null,
          "hardware_ref": null,
          "quote": "The AACS included redundant star trackers and Sun sensors as well.",
          "source_url": "https://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraft/display.action?id=1977-084A",
          "profile": null,
          "mid": null,
          "function": "celestial references for pointing; redundant units"
        },
        {
          "part": "Gyroscopes",
          "material": null,
          "form": null,
          "finish": null,
          "standard": null,
          "hardware_ref": null,
          "quote": "use celestial or gyro referenced attitude control to maintain pointing of the high-gain antennas toward Earth",
          "source_url": "https://science.nasa.gov/mission/voyager/spacecraft/",
          "profile": null,
          "mid": null,
          "function": "gyro-referenced attitude control"
        },
        {
          "part": "Digital tape recorder (DTR)",
          "material": null,
          "form": null,
          "finish": null,
          "standard": null,
          "hardware_ref": null,
          "quote": "Data could be stored for later transmission to Earth through the use of an on-board digital tape recorder.",
          "source_url": "https://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraft/display.action?id=1977-084A",
          "profile": null,
          "mid": null,
          "function": "stores data for later transmission"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "assembly": "Propulsion",
      "parts": [
        {
          "part": "Attitude-control hydrazine thrusters (two branches)",
          "material": null,
          "form": null,
          "finish": null,
          "standard": null,
          "hardware_ref": "Supplier: Aerojet Rocketdyne",
          "quote": "All of Voyager's thrusters were developed by Aerojet Rocketdyne.",
          "source_url": "https://science.nasa.gov/missions/voyager-program/voyager-1-fires-up-thrusters-after-37-years",
          "profile": null,
          "mid": null,
          "function": "small thrusters that roll the spacecraft and keep the dish pointed at Earth; two redundant branches",
          "specs": [
            {
              "label": "Branches",
              "value": "two attitude-propulsion branches and one trajectory-correction branch",
              "quote": "Both Voyager probes feature three sets, or branches, of thrusters: two sets of attitude propulsion thrusters and one set of trajectory correction maneuver thrusters.",
              "source_url": "https://www.jpl.nasa.gov/news/voyager-1-team-accomplishes-tricky-thruster-swap/"
            },
            {
              "label": "Total thruster count",
              "value": "16 hydrazine thrusters",
              "quote": "It has 16 hydrazine thrusters, three-axis stabilization gyroscopes, and referencing instruments",
              "source_url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Voyager_1"
            },
            {
              "label": "Model",
              "value": "MR-103 (same kind flew on Cassini and Dawn)",
              "quote": "The same kind of thruster, called the MR-103, flew on other NASA spacecraft as well, such as Cassini and Dawn.",
              "source_url": "https://science.nasa.gov/missions/voyager-program/voyager-1-fires-up-thrusters-after-37-years"
            },
            {
              "label": "Thrust class",
              "value": "0.2 lbf thruster valve assemblies",
              "quote": "VOYAGER 0.2-lbf THRUSTER VALVE ASSEMBLY SHORT PULSE TEST REPORT",
              "source_url": "https://ntrs.nasa.gov/api/citations/19850024872/downloads/19850024872.pdf"
            }
          ]
        },
        {
          "part": "Trajectory correction maneuver (TCM) thrusters (x4)",
          "material": null,
          "form": null,
          "finish": null,
          "standard": null,
          "hardware_ref": "Supplier: Aerojet Rocketdyne",
          "quote": "Voyager engineers fired up the four TCM thrusters for the first time in 37 years",
          "source_url": "https://science.nasa.gov/missions/voyager-program/voyager-1-fires-up-thrusters-after-37-years",
          "profile": null,
          "mid": null,
          "function": "four thrusters on the back of the spacecraft, used at planetary flybys and again since 2017 for pointing",
          "specs": [
            {
              "label": "Supplier",
              "value": "Aerojet Rocketdyne",
              "quote": "All of Voyager's thrusters were developed by Aerojet Rocketdyne.",
              "source_url": "https://science.nasa.gov/missions/voyager-program/voyager-1-fires-up-thrusters-after-37-years"
            }
          ]
        },
        {
          "part": "Hydrazine propellant",
          "material": "hydrazine (liquid)",
          "form": null,
          "finish": null,
          "standard": null,
          "hardware_ref": null,
          "quote": "The thrusters are fueled by liquid hydrazine",
          "source_url": "https://www.jpl.nasa.gov/news/voyager-1-team-accomplishes-tricky-thruster-swap/",
          "profile": null,
          "mid": "hydrazine",
          "function": "liquid monopropellant turned to gas in the thrusters' catalyst beds"
        },
        {
          "part": "Fuel tank diaphragm",
          "material": "rubber (diaphragm; compound not stated)",
          "form": null,
          "finish": null,
          "standard": null,
          "hardware_ref": null,
          "quote": "a rubber diaphragm in the spacecraft’s fuel tank",
          "source_url": "https://www.jpl.nasa.gov/news/voyager-1-team-accomplishes-tricky-thruster-swap/",
          "profile": null,
          "mid": "rubber-diaphragm-unspecified",
          "function": "rubber diaphragm in the fuel tank, source of the silicon dioxide that has clogged thruster tubes"
        },
        {
          "part": "Thruster fuel tubes and catalyst beds",
          "material": null,
          "form": null,
          "finish": null,
          "standard": null,
          "hardware_ref": null,
          "quote": "The clogged tubes are located inside the thrusters and direct fuel to the catalyst beds",
          "source_url": "https://www.jpl.nasa.gov/news/voyager-1-team-accomplishes-tricky-thruster-swap/",
          "profile": null,
          "mid": null,
          "function": "tubes direct hydrazine to catalyst beds where it becomes gas"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "assembly": "Telecommunications",
      "parts": [
        {
          "part": "High-gain antenna main reflector (3.66 m)",
          "material": null,
          "form": null,
          "finish": null,
          "standard": null,
          "hardware_ref": null,
          "quote": "For the HGA, the SXA has a 3.66-m diameter main reflector, a frequency selective surface (FSS) subreflector, and S-band and X-band feeds.",
          "source_url": "https://descanso.jpl.nasa.gov/DPSummary/Descanso4--Voyager_new.pdf",
          "profile": null,
          "mid": null,
          "function": "main dish of the S/X-band high-gain antenna",
          "specs": [
            {
              "label": "Dish diameter, NASA",
              "value": "3.7 m",
              "quote": "All data are transmitted from and received at the spacecraft via the 3.7 meter high-gain antenna (HGA).",
              "source_url": "https://science.nasa.gov/mission/voyager/spacecraft/"
            },
            {
              "label": "Gain",
              "value": "S-band about 36 dBi; X-band about 48 dBi",
              "quote": "S-band gain is approximately 36 dBi; X-band gain is approximately 48 dBi.",
              "source_url": "https://descanso.jpl.nasa.gov/DPSummary/Descanso4--Voyager_new.pdf"
            }
          ]
        },
        {
          "part": "Frequency selective surface (FSS) subreflector",
          "material": null,
          "form": null,
          "finish": null,
          "standard": null,
          "hardware_ref": null,
          "quote": "The main reflector, FSS (transparent at S-band), and S-band feed form a prime focus radiator.",
          "source_url": "https://descanso.jpl.nasa.gov/DPSummary/Descanso4--Voyager_new.pdf",
          "profile": null,
          "mid": null,
          "function": "reflects X-band for the Cassegrain path and passes S-band to the prime-focus feed"
        },
        {
          "part": "S-band low-gain antenna",
          "material": null,
          "form": null,
          "finish": null,
          "standard": null,
          "hardware_ref": null,
          "quote": "The LGA is mounted on the back of the S-band feed structure.",
          "source_url": "https://descanso.jpl.nasa.gov/DPSummary/Descanso4--Voyager_new.pdf",
          "profile": null,
          "mid": null,
          "function": "mounted on the back of the S-band feed structure; no longer used for downlink"
        },
        {
          "part": "S-band receivers (redundant pair)",
          "material": null,
          "form": null,
          "finish": null,
          "standard": null,
          "hardware_ref": null,
          "quote": "The received carrier frequency controls the generation of the coherent downlink at both S- and X-band",
          "source_url": "https://descanso.jpl.nasa.gov/DPSummary/Descanso4--Voyager_new.pdf",
          "profile": null,
          "mid": null,
          "function": "double-conversion receivers that lock to the uplink and generate the coherent downlink"
        },
        {
          "part": "S-band exciters",
          "material": null,
          "form": null,
          "finish": null,
          "standard": null,
          "hardware_ref": null,
          "quote": "The S-EXC provides RF drive to the S-band power amplifier and a frequency reference to the X-EXC.",
          "source_url": "https://descanso.jpl.nasa.gov/DPSummary/Descanso4--Voyager_new.pdf",
          "profile": null,
          "mid": null,
          "function": "drive the S-band amplifier and supply the frequency reference to the X-band exciter"
        },
        {
          "part": "S-band power amplifiers (TWTA and solid-state)",
          "material": null,
          "form": null,
          "finish": null,
          "standard": null,
          "hardware_ref": null,
          "quote": "Only one S-band power amplifier, either the S-TWTA or the SSA, may be powered at a time",
          "source_url": "https://descanso.jpl.nasa.gov/DPSummary/Descanso4--Voyager_new.pdf",
          "profile": null,
          "mid": null,
          "function": "only one of the two is powered at a time"
        },
        {
          "part": "X-band exciters and traveling-wave tube amplifiers",
          "material": null,
          "form": null,
          "finish": null,
          "standard": null,
          "hardware_ref": null,
          "quote": "The X-band downlink requires an S-EXC, an X-EXC, and an X-TWTA.",
          "source_url": "https://descanso.jpl.nasa.gov/DPSummary/Descanso4--Voyager_new.pdf",
          "profile": null,
          "mid": null,
          "function": "the X-band downlink needs an S-band exciter, an X-band exciter and an X-TWTA"
        },
        {
          "part": "Ultrastable oscillator (USO)",
          "material": null,
          "form": null,
          "finish": null,
          "standard": null,
          "hardware_ref": null,
          "quote": "The Voyager 1 USO failed in September 1992",
          "source_url": "https://descanso.jpl.nasa.gov/DPSummary/Descanso4--Voyager_new.pdf",
          "profile": null,
          "mid": null,
          "function": "preferred downlink frequency source; the Voyager 1 unit failed in 1992"
        },
        {
          "part": "Command detector units (CDU)",
          "material": null,
          "form": null,
          "finish": null,
          "standard": null,
          "hardware_ref": null,
          "quote": "The CDU outputs to the CCS the detected command bits and a clock signal derived from the command bit rate.",
          "source_url": "https://descanso.jpl.nasa.gov/DPSummary/Descanso4--Voyager_new.pdf",
          "profile": null,
          "mid": null,
          "function": "detect command bits and send them with a clock to the CCS"
        },
        {
          "part": "Telemetry modulation units (TMU)",
          "material": null,
          "form": null,
          "finish": null,
          "standard": null,
          "hardware_ref": null,
          "quote": "The TMU can receive both high- and low-rate, non-return-to-zero (NRZ), serial digital data from the FDS.",
          "source_url": "https://descanso.jpl.nasa.gov/DPSummary/Descanso4--Voyager_new.pdf",
          "profile": null,
          "mid": null,
          "function": "take high- and low-rate serial data from the FDS for the exciters"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "assembly": "Science instruments",
      "parts": [
        {
          "part": "Imaging Science Subsystem (ISS) wide-angle camera",
          "material": null,
          "form": null,
          "finish": null,
          "standard": null,
          "hardware_ref": null,
          "quote": "a low resolution 200 mm wide-angle lens with an aperture of f/3",
          "source_url": "https://science.nasa.gov/mission/voyager/spacecraft/",
          "profile": null,
          "mid": null,
          "function": "200 mm f/3 television-type camera with an 8-position filter wheel",
          "specs": [
            {
              "label": "Heritage",
              "value": "modified slow-scan vidicon design from earlier Mariner flights",
              "quote": "The ISS is a modified version of the slow scan vidicon camera designs that were used in the earlier Mariner flights.",
              "source_url": "https://science.nasa.gov/mission/voyager/spacecraft/"
            },
            {
              "label": "Filters",
              "value": "8 filters in a commandable filter wheel in front of the vidicons",
              "quote": "each with 8 filters in a commandable Filter Wheel mounted in front of the vidicons",
              "source_url": "https://science.nasa.gov/mission/voyager/spacecraft/"
            }
          ]
        },
        {
          "part": "Imaging Science Subsystem (ISS) narrow-angle camera",
          "material": null,
          "form": null,
          "finish": null,
          "standard": null,
          "hardware_ref": null,
          "quote": "a higher resolution 1500 mm narrow-angle f/8.5 lens",
          "source_url": "https://science.nasa.gov/mission/voyager/spacecraft/",
          "profile": null,
          "mid": null,
          "function": "1500 mm f/8.5 higher-resolution television-type camera"
        },
        {
          "part": "Infrared Interferometer Spectrometer and Radiometer (IRIS)",
          "material": null,
          "form": null,
          "finish": null,
          "standard": null,
          "hardware_ref": null,
          "quote": "measures radiation in two regions of the infrared spectrum",
          "source_url": "https://science.nasa.gov/mission/voyager/spacecraft/",
          "profile": null,
          "mid": null,
          "function": "thermometer, composition spectrometer and a separate reflected-light radiometer"
        },
        {
          "part": "Photopolarimeter Subsystem (PPS)",
          "material": null,
          "form": null,
          "finish": null,
          "standard": null,
          "hardware_ref": null,
          "quote": "The Photopolarimeter Subsystem uses a 0.2 m telescope fitted with filters and polarization analyzers.",
          "source_url": "https://science.nasa.gov/mission/voyager/spacecraft/",
          "profile": null,
          "mid": null,
          "function": "0.2 m telescope with filters and polarization analyzers for eight wavelengths"
        },
        {
          "part": "Ultraviolet Spectrometer (UVS)",
          "material": null,
          "form": null,
          "finish": null,
          "standard": null,
          "hardware_ref": null,
          "quote": "The Ultraviolet Spectrometer (UVS) covers the wavelength range of 40 nm to 180 nm",
          "source_url": "https://science.nasa.gov/mission/voyager/spacecraft/",
          "profile": null,
          "mid": null,
          "function": "spectrometer for 40 to 180 nm light from atmospheres and interplanetary space"
        },
        {
          "part": "Planetary Radio Astronomy (PRA) receiver",
          "material": null,
          "form": null,
          "finish": null,
          "standard": null,
          "hardware_ref": null,
          "quote": "The PRA receiver covers two frequency bands, from 20.4 kHz to 1300 kHz and from 2.3 MHz to 40.5 MHz.",
          "source_url": "https://science.nasa.gov/mission/voyager/spacecraft/",
          "profile": null,
          "mid": null,
          "function": "radio receiver on the shared V-shaped antennas"
        },
        {
          "part": "Plasma Wave Subsystem (PWS)",
          "material": null,
          "form": null,
          "finish": null,
          "standard": null,
          "hardware_ref": null,
          "quote": "The PWS covers a frequency range of 10 Hz to 56 kHz.",
          "source_url": "https://science.nasa.gov/mission/voyager/spacecraft/",
          "profile": null,
          "mid": null,
          "function": "plasma-wave receiver from 10 Hz to 56 kHz on the shared antennas",
          "specs": [
            {
              "label": "Current principal investigator",
              "value": "William Kurth, University of Iowa",
              "quote": "William Kurth University of Iowa",
              "source_url": "https://science.nasa.gov/mission/voyager/spacecraft/"
            }
          ]
        },
        {
          "part": "Low-Energy Charged Particle experiment (LECP)",
          "material": null,
          "form": null,
          "finish": null,
          "standard": null,
          "hardware_ref": null,
          "quote": "The Low-Energy Charged Particle experiment uses two solid-state detector systems mounted on a rotating platform.",
          "source_url": "https://science.nasa.gov/mission/voyager/spacecraft/",
          "profile": null,
          "mid": null,
          "function": "two solid-state detector systems (LEPT and LEMPA) on a rotating platform",
          "specs": [
            {
              "label": "Current principal investigator",
              "value": "Stamatios M. Krimigis, Johns Hopkins APL",
              "quote": "Stamatios M. Krimigis Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory",
              "source_url": "https://science.nasa.gov/mission/voyager/spacecraft/"
            }
          ]
        },
        {
          "part": "Plasma Science (PLS) detectors",
          "material": null,
          "form": null,
          "finish": null,
          "standard": null,
          "hardware_ref": null,
          "quote": "Three plasma detectors point in the direction of the Earth to observed solar wind flow and a fourth looks at a right angle",
          "source_url": "https://science.nasa.gov/mission/voyager/spacecraft/",
          "profile": null,
          "mid": null,
          "function": "four plasma detectors for low-energy ions and electrons",
          "specs": [
            {
              "label": "Current principal investigator",
              "value": "John Richardson, MIT",
              "quote": "John Richardson Massachusetts Institute of Technology",
              "source_url": "https://science.nasa.gov/mission/voyager/spacecraft/"
            }
          ]
        },
        {
          "part": "Cosmic Ray Subsystem (CRS)",
          "material": null,
          "form": null,
          "finish": null,
          "standard": null,
          "hardware_ref": null,
          "quote": "The CRS looks only for very energetic particles in plasma, and has the highest sensitivity of the three particle detectors.",
          "source_url": "https://science.nasa.gov/mission/voyager/spacecraft/",
          "profile": null,
          "mid": null,
          "function": "detects very energetic particles; highest sensitivity of the three particle detectors",
          "specs": [
            {
              "label": "Current principal investigator",
              "value": "Alan C. Cummings, Caltech",
              "quote": "Alan C. Cummings Caltech",
              "source_url": "https://science.nasa.gov/mission/voyager/spacecraft/"
            }
          ]
        },
        {
          "part": "Magnetometer (MAG)",
          "material": null,
          "form": null,
          "finish": null,
          "standard": null,
          "hardware_ref": null,
          "quote": "its primary job is to measure changes in the Sun's magnetic field with distance and time",
          "source_url": "https://science.nasa.gov/mission/voyager/spacecraft/",
          "profile": null,
          "mid": null,
          "function": "measures the Sun's magnetic field with distance and time and the planetary fields",
          "specs": [
            {
              "label": "Current principal investigator",
              "value": "Adam Szabo, NASA Goddard",
              "quote": "Dr. Adam Szabo NASA Goddard Space Flight Center",
              "source_url": "https://science.nasa.gov/mission/voyager/spacecraft/"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "assembly": "Launch-phase hardware",
      "parts": [
        {
          "part": "Star 37E solid kick motor",
          "material": null,
          "form": null,
          "finish": null,
          "standard": null,
          "hardware_ref": null,
          "quote": "Star-37E stages were also used on the two Voyager launches",
          "source_url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Titan_IIIE",
          "profile": null,
          "mid": null,
          "function": "extra upper stage that boosted each probe; counted as part of the payload, not the rocket"
        }
      ]
    }
  ],
  "materials": [
    {
      "id": "gold-plated-copper",
      "name": "gold-plated copper",
      "material_page": null
    },
    {
      "id": "aluminium",
      "name": "aluminum",
      "material_page": "https://spacemushroom.com/profiles/aluminium/"
    },
    {
      "id": "uranium-238",
      "name": "uranium-238",
      "material_page": null
    },
    {
      "id": "plutonium-238-oxide",
      "name": "plutonium-238 oxide",
      "material_page": null
    },
    {
      "id": "beryllium",
      "name": "beryllium",
      "material_page": "https://spacemushroom.com/profiles/beryllium/"
    },
    {
      "id": "silicon-germanium",
      "name": "silicon-germanium (SiGe) thermoelectric couples",
      "material_page": "https://spacemushroom.com/profiles/silicon-germanium/"
    },
    {
      "id": "hydrazine",
      "name": "hydrazine (liquid)",
      "material_page": null
    },
    {
      "id": "rubber-diaphragm-unspecified",
      "name": "rubber (diaphragm; compound not stated)",
      "material_page": null
    }
  ],
  "standards": [],
  "relations": [
    {
      "type": "launched_on",
      "target": "Titan IIIE-Centaur (Voyager 1 on TC-6, Voyager 2 on TC-7)",
      "target_slug": null,
      "note": "Centaur D-1T upper stage; launched from Cape Canaveral in 1977",
      "quote": "Titan IIIE-Centaur (TC-6 / Titan no. 23E-6 / Centaur D-1T)",
      "source_url": "https://science.nasa.gov/mission/voyager/voyager-1/"
    },
    {
      "type": "launched_on",
      "target": "LR87-11 engine (Titan IIIE core first stage)",
      "target_slug": null,
      "note": "one Aerojet LR87-11 on the first stage",
      "quote": "LR87-11 (one) Aerojet",
      "source_url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Titan_IIIE"
    },
    {
      "type": "launched_on",
      "target": "LR91-11 engine (Titan IIIE core second stage)",
      "target_slug": null,
      "note": "one Aerojet LR91-11 on the second stage",
      "quote": "LR91-11 (one)) Aerojet",
      "source_url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Titan_IIIE"
    },
    {
      "type": "launched_on",
      "target": "RL10A-3 engines (two, Centaur D-1T)",
      "target_slug": "ula-rl10",
      "note": "Centaur D-1T used two RL10A-3 engines from Pratt & Whitney; RL10 hub is ula-rl10",
      "quote": "RL10A-3 (two) Pratt & Whitney Aircraft Division of the United Aircraft Corporation",
      "source_url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Titan_IIIE"
    },
    {
      "type": "launched_on",
      "target": "UA1205 solid rocket boosters (two, Titan IIIE)",
      "target_slug": null,
      "note": "zero-stage solids from Chemical Systems Division of United Technologies",
      "quote": "UA1205 Chemical Systems Division of United Technologies",
      "source_url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Titan_IIIE"
    },
    {
      "type": "carries",
      "target": "Star 37E solid rocket motor",
      "target_slug": null,
      "note": "kick stage flown on both launches but counted with the payload",
      "quote": "Star-37E stages were also used on the two Voyager launches, but the stages were considered part of the payload",
      "source_url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Titan_IIIE"
    },
    {
      "type": "supplied_by",
      "target": "Aerojet Rocketdyne",
      "target_slug": null,
      "note": "developed all of Voyager's hydrazine thrusters (MR-103 family)",
      "quote": "All of Voyager's thrusters were developed by Aerojet Rocketdyne.",
      "source_url": "https://science.nasa.gov/missions/voyager-program/voyager-1-fires-up-thrusters-after-37-years"
    },
    {
      "type": "operated_by",
      "target": "Jet Propulsion Laboratory (Caltech)",
      "target_slug": null,
      "note": "manages the mission for NASA and built the spacecraft",
      "quote": "the Voyager mission is managed for NASA by the agency's Jet Propulsion Laboratory, a division of Caltech in Pasadena, California",
      "source_url": "https://science.nasa.gov/resource/voyagers-radioisotope-thermoelectric-generator-rtg-2/"
    },
    {
      "type": "heritage_of",
      "target": "Mariner program (Mariner Jupiter/Saturn)",
      "target_slug": null,
      "note": "the imaging cameras are a modified Mariner slow-scan vidicon design",
      "quote": "The ISS is a modified version of the slow scan vidicon camera designs that were used in the earlier Mariner flights.",
      "source_url": "https://science.nasa.gov/mission/voyager/spacecraft/"
    }
  ],
  "not_published": "Bus structure material, high-gain antenna dish and subreflector materials, thermal blankets, thermoelectric converter material (silicon-germanium is not stated on the NASA pages read), and thruster propellant are not stated on the pages read. Mass is given for Voyager 1; Voyager 2 mass not read. More detail: Not published on the pages read: dish and subreflector materials, bus panel and boom materials, whip-antenna material, thermal blanket materials, the maker of the RTGs (General Electric is widely reported but no page read states it), the makers of the computers, the transmitters and the instruments (NASA lists current principal investigators only), the Star 37E maker, and the exact attitude-thruster count (16 total comes from Wikipedia; NASA/JPL say three branches and four TCM thrusters). The silicon-germanium converter material comes from Wikipedia, which cites Bennett 2006. The Centaur D-1T's two RL10A-3 engines link to the catalog RL10 hub; the Titan IIIE engines are not in the catalog. More detail: Not published on the pages read: dish and subreflector materials, bus panel and boom materials, whip-antenna material, thermal blanket materials, the maker of the RTGs (General Electric is widely reported but no page read states it), the makers of the computers, the transmitters and the instruments (NASA lists current principal investigators only), the Star 37E maker, and the exact attitude-thruster count (16 total comes from Wikipedia; NASA/JPL say three branches and four TCM thrusters). The silicon-germanium converter material comes from Wikipedia, which cites Bennett 2006. The Centaur D-1T's two RL10A-3 engines link to the catalog RL10 hub; the Titan IIIE engines are not in the catalog.",
  "depth": "partial",
  "photos": [
    {
      "file": "products/context/nasa-voyager-1.jpg",
      "alt": "A Voyager spacecraft with its high-gain antenna and science boom undergoing testing at JPL in November 1976",
      "long": "A Voyager spacecraft with its high-gain antenna and science boom undergoing testing at JPL in November 1976.",
      "kind": "product",
      "credit": "JOHN GREGOIRE, NASA/JPL / via Wikimedia Commons",
      "license": "Public domain",
      "page_url": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Voyager_testing_at_JPL.jpg"
    },
    {
      "file": "products/context/nasa-voyager-2.jpg",
      "alt": "Voyager Proof Test Model, a ground test copy of the spacecraft, being worked on in a cleanroom",
      "long": "Voyager Proof Test Model, a ground test copy of the spacecraft, being worked on in a cleanroom.",
      "kind": "context",
      "context": "Proof test model",
      "credit": "NASA/JPL (https://voyager.jpl.nasa.gov/galleries/images-of-voyager/) / via Wikimedia Commons",
      "license": "Public domain",
      "page_url": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Voyager_Proof_Test_Model_PIA21477.jpg"
    },
    {
      "file": "products/context/nasa-voyager-3.jpg",
      "alt": "Voyager test model configuration in a dark test chamber, with the dish antenna, bus and instrument boom visible",
      "long": "Voyager test model configuration in a dark test chamber, with the dish antenna, bus and instrument boom visible.",
      "kind": "context",
      "context": "Test model in a chamber",
      "credit": "NASA/JPL (https://voyager.jpl.nasa.gov/galleries/images-of-voyager/) / via Wikimedia Commons",
      "license": "Public domain",
      "page_url": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Voyager_Test_Model_Configuration_PIA21734.jpg"
    }
  ],
  "context": {
    "size": [
      "6U and larger"
    ],
    "mass": [
      "Over 100 kg"
    ],
    "orbit": [
      "Deep space"
    ]
  },
  "licence": "Product data CC BY 4.0, cite Space Mushroom. Photos keep their own licences, given per photo.",
  "mcp": "https://spacemushroom.com/mcp"
}