{
  "id": "nasa-small-spacecraft-structures",
  "title": "NASA small spacecraft structures review",
  "maker": "NASA Ames",
  "maker_type": "Space agency",
  "kind": "structure",
  "category": "reports",
  "page": "https://spacemushroom.com/space-products/nasa-small-spacecraft-structures/",
  "website": "https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2021/10/6.soa_structures_2021.pdf",
  "summary": "NASA survey chapter of small-spacecraft structures. It names materials for CubeSat frames, dispenser-compatible rails, deployable booms and 3D-printed secondary structure.",
  "application": "A NASA survey of how small spacecraft are built. It compares machined aluminium frames, 3D-printed structures and deployable booms, and is useful for choosing a structure type and material before design starts.",
  "story": {
    "headline": "A NASA survey chapter compares aluminium frames, deployable booms and printed structures for small spacecraft.",
    "intro": [
      "This chapter of a NASA survey, written at NASA Ames, looks at how small spacecraft are built. It covers CubeSat frames, the rails that meet the launch dispenser, booms that extend after launch, and parts made on a 3D printer. It helps a builder choose a structure type and material before design starts.",
      "Most commercial frames are machined from aluminium alloy 6061 or 7075. NASA's own composite boom, built for the Advanced Composite Solar Sail project, weighs less than a quarter as much as metal booms. Printed plastic parts have already flown on small satellites."
    ],
    "built": [
      {
        "title": "Machined aluminium frames",
        "text": "NanoAvionics makes frames from 1U to 12U in 7075 aluminium, and GomSpace's 6U frame is 7075 too. ISISPACE's 3U and Spacemind's 1U are 6061. EnduroSat's frames, 1U to 6U, come in either 6061-T651 or 7075.",
        "parts": [
          "EnduroSat 3U structure",
          "NanoAvionics modular 3U structure",
          "ISISPACE 3U structure",
          "GomSpace 6U structure",
          "Spacemind 1U structure"
        ]
      },
      {
        "title": "Chassis and rails",
        "text": "AAC Clyde Space makes its 3U structure as a monocoque chassis, a single shell, with a mass of 0.394 kg. Pumpkin machines its kit structures from aluminium 5052-H32, with solid walls or with material cut away. Dispenser rules often call for anodised aluminium rails.",
        "parts": [
          "AAC Clyde Space CS 3U structure",
          "Pumpkin CubeSat Kit structures (sub-1U to 12U SUPERNOVA)",
          "Dispenser-compatible rails"
        ]
      },
      {
        "title": "Deployable booms",
        "text": "A boom is a long arm that extends once the satellite is in orbit. The chapter describes four composite booms, from CTD, Oxford Space Systems, Redwire and NASA. Redwire's come in lengths of 1 to 5 m. NASA's is 7 m long and can extend to 16.5 m.",
        "parts": [
          "CTD STELOC slit-tube boom",
          "Oxford Space Systems AstroTube boom (AlSat-1N)",
          "Redwire Roll Out Composite (ROC) boom",
          "NASA Deployable Composite Boom (DCB) for ACS3"
        ]
      },
      {
        "title": "Release devices",
        "text": "The Frangibolt from EBAD TiNi uses a cylinder of copper-aluminium-nickel shape memory alloy, a metal that changes shape when heated. The Mini Frangibolt breaks a custom notched #4 fastener by pulling it apart. The FD04 model holds 667 N and weighs 0.007 kg. The ML50 Micro Latch weighs 0.015 kg.",
        "parts": [
          "Frangibolt actuator cylinder",
          "Frangibolt fastener",
          "ML50 Micro Latch"
        ]
      },
      {
        "title": "Printed parts",
        "text": "3D printing has reached the main structure of some small satellites. On TechEdSat, secondary pieces were printed in Markforged Onyx, a nylon-based filament with carbon fibre. KySat-2, TANCREDO-1 and the Naval Academy's RECS robotic arms used Windform. The chapter advises against polylactic acid (PLA) in harsh conditions.",
        "parts": [
          "TechEdSat secondary structural pieces",
          "KySat-2 / TANCREDO-1 printed parts",
          "RECS robotic arms (Naval Academy)"
        ]
      }
    ],
    "materials": [
      {
        "name": "Aluminium 7075",
        "mid": "aluminium-7075",
        "where": "Frames from NanoAvionics and GomSpace, and one of two options for EnduroSat's frames."
      },
      {
        "name": "Aluminium 6061",
        "mid": "aluminium-6061",
        "where": "Frames from ISISPACE and Spacemind, and the EnduroSat 3U structure."
      },
      {
        "name": "Aluminium 5052-H32",
        "mid": "aluminium-5052",
        "where": "Pumpkin's CubeSat kit structures, from sub-1U up to the 12U SUPERNOVA."
      },
      {
        "name": "Anodised aluminium",
        "mid": "anodized-aluminium",
        "where": "The rails. Dispenser rules often call for them."
      },
      {
        "name": "Fibre-reinforced polymer composite",
        "mid": "fibre-reinforced-polymer-composite",
        "where": "The deployable booms from CTD, Oxford Space Systems, Redwire and NASA."
      },
      {
        "name": "Windform",
        "mid": "windform-sls-nylon",
        "where": "Printed parts on KySat-2 and TANCREDO-1, and the Naval Academy's RECS robotic arms."
      }
    ],
    "connections": "NASA Ames wrote the chapter, but most of the hardware in it comes from other makers. Printed secondary pieces were flown on TechEdSat. Windform parts went into KySat-2 and TANCREDO-1. The chapter describes an AstroTube boom for the 3U AlSat-1N, and NASA's own composite boom was built for the ACS3 solar sail project.",
    "unknown": "The chapter stays quiet on which fibre and resin go into the booms, and on the alloy AAC Clyde Space uses for its chassis. It names no fasteners, inserts or adhesives for any frame, and gives no mass breakdown for a whole spacecraft. It says little about thermal design or solar panels.",
    "facts": [
      {
        "label": "Nominal 1U size",
        "value": "10 x 10 x 10 cm"
      },
      {
        "label": "Roll Out Composite boom length",
        "value": "1 to 5 m"
      },
      {
        "label": "NASA boom length",
        "value": "7 m (ACS3), extensible to 16.5 m"
      },
      {
        "label": "NASA boom mass against metal",
        "value": "less than 25 percent of metallic booms"
      }
    ]
  },
  "specifications": [
    {
      "label": "1U nominal size",
      "value": "10 x 10 x 10 cm",
      "source_url": "https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2021/10/6.soa_structures_2021.pdf",
      "quote": "a 1U is nominally a 10 x 10 x 10 cm structure"
    },
    {
      "label": "EnduroSat 1U frame",
      "value": "100 x 100 x 114 mm, <0.1 (units as printed in table, likely kg), Al 6061 or 7075",
      "source_url": "https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2021/10/6.soa_structures_2021.pdf",
      "quote": "1U 100 x 100 x 114 < 0.1 Al 6061 or 7075"
    },
    {
      "label": "EnduroSat 3U frame",
      "value": "100 x 100 x 340 mm, < 0.29, Al 6061",
      "source_url": "https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2021/10/6.soa_structures_2021.pdf",
      "quote": "3U 100 x 100 x 340 < 0.29 Al 6061"
    },
    {
      "label": "NanoAvionics 3U frame",
      "value": "100 x 100 x 340.5 mm, 0.312, Al 7075-T6",
      "source_url": "https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2021/10/6.soa_structures_2021.pdf",
      "quote": "3U 100 x 100 x 340.5 0.312 Al 7075-T6"
    },
    {
      "label": "ROC boom length",
      "value": "1 to 5 m",
      "source_url": "https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2021/10/6.soa_structures_2021.pdf",
      "quote": "These booms are 1 – 5 m in length"
    },
    {
      "label": "NASA DCB boom length",
      "value": "7 m (ACS3), extensible to 16.5 m",
      "source_url": "https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2021/10/6.soa_structures_2021.pdf",
      "quote": "DCB/ACS3 7 m boom technology is extensible to 16.5 m deployable boom lengths"
    },
    {
      "label": "DCB mass vs metal",
      "value": "less than 25 percent of metallic booms",
      "source_url": "https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2021/10/6.soa_structures_2021.pdf",
      "quote": "a low weight of less than 25% compared to metallic booms"
    }
  ],
  "features": [
    {
      "text": "Primary structures mostly machined aluminium",
      "source_url": "https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2021/10/6.soa_structures_2021.pdf",
      "quote": "Most are machined from aluminum alloy 6061 or 7075"
    },
    {
      "text": "AM has expanded into primary structures for small CubeSat or PocketQube buses",
      "source_url": "https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2021/10/6.soa_structures_2021.pdf",
      "quote": "AM has seen an expansion in primary structures"
    },
    {
      "text": "Dispenser rules often require anodized rails",
      "source_url": "https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2021/10/6.soa_structures_2021.pdf",
      "quote": "requirements often entail anodized aluminum rails"
    }
  ],
  "parts": [
    {
      "assembly": "Monocoque CubeSat structures",
      "parts": [
        {
          "part": "Pumpkin CubeSat Kit structures (sub-1U to 12U SUPERNOVA)",
          "material": "Al 5052-H32",
          "form": "machined structure (solid-wall or skeletonized)",
          "finish": null,
          "standard": null,
          "hardware_ref": "Pumpkin CubeSat Kit / SUPERNOVA (6U, 12U)",
          "quote": "Pumpkin offerings are machined from Al 5052-H32 and can be either solid-wall or skeletonized.",
          "source_url": "https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2021/10/6.soa_structures_2021.pdf",
          "profile": "aluminium-5052",
          "mid": "aluminium-5052"
        },
        {
          "part": "AAC Clyde Space CS 3U structure",
          "material": null,
          "form": "monocoque chassis",
          "finish": null,
          "standard": null,
          "hardware_ref": "AAC Clyde Space CS CubeSat Structure",
          "quote": "The 3U structure has a mass of 0.394 kg and dimensions of 100 x 100 x 340.5 mm.",
          "source_url": "https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2021/10/6.soa_structures_2021.pdf",
          "profile": null,
          "mid": null
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "assembly": "Modular frames (Table 6-1, Commercial Modular Frames)",
      "parts": [
        {
          "part": "EnduroSat 3U structure",
          "material": "Al 6061",
          "form": "machined frame",
          "finish": null,
          "standard": null,
          "hardware_ref": "EnduroSat 3U (primary structure mass < 0.29 kg)",
          "quote": "EnduroSat 3U 100 x 100 x 340 < 0.29 Al 6061",
          "source_url": "https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2021/10/6.soa_structures_2021.pdf",
          "profile": "aluminium-6061",
          "mid": "aluminium-6061"
        },
        {
          "part": "EnduroSat structures (1U to 6U)",
          "material": "Aluminum 6061-T651 or Al 7075",
          "form": "machined frame",
          "finish": null,
          "standard": null,
          "hardware_ref": null,
          "quote": "all EnduroSat structures are made of either Aluminum 6061-T651 or Al 7075",
          "source_url": "https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2021/10/6.soa_structures_2021.pdf",
          "profile": "aluminium-7075",
          "mid": "aluminium-7075"
        },
        {
          "part": "EnduroSat 1U structure",
          "material": "Al 6061 or 7075",
          "form": "machined frame",
          "finish": null,
          "standard": null,
          "hardware_ref": "EnduroSat 1U (< 0.1 kg)",
          "quote": "1U 100 x 100 x 114 < 0.1 Al 6061 or 7075",
          "source_url": "https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2021/10/6.soa_structures_2021.pdf",
          "profile": "aluminium-7075",
          "mid": "aluminium-7075"
        },
        {
          "part": "NanoAvionics modular 3U structure",
          "material": "Al 7075-T6",
          "form": "machined frame",
          "finish": null,
          "standard": null,
          "hardware_ref": "NanoAvionics 3U (0.312 kg)",
          "quote": "3U 100 x 100 x 340.5 0.312 Al 7075-T6",
          "source_url": "https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2021/10/6.soa_structures_2021.pdf",
          "profile": "aluminium-7075",
          "mid": "aluminium-7075"
        },
        {
          "part": "NanoAvionics frames and structural elements (1U to 12U)",
          "material": "7075 aluminum",
          "form": "machined frame",
          "finish": null,
          "standard": null,
          "hardware_ref": null,
          "quote": "made from 7075 aluminum",
          "source_url": "https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2021/10/6.soa_structures_2021.pdf",
          "profile": "aluminium-7075",
          "mid": "aluminium-7075"
        },
        {
          "part": "ISISPACE 3U structure",
          "material": "Al 6061",
          "form": "frame",
          "finish": null,
          "standard": null,
          "hardware_ref": "ISISPACE 3U (0.24 kg)",
          "quote": "3U 100 x 100 x 341 0.24 Al 6061",
          "source_url": "https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2021/10/6.soa_structures_2021.pdf",
          "profile": "aluminium-6061",
          "mid": "aluminium-6061"
        },
        {
          "part": "GomSpace 6U structure",
          "material": "Al 7075",
          "form": "frame",
          "finish": null,
          "standard": null,
          "hardware_ref": "GomSpace 6U (1.06 kg)",
          "quote": "GomSpace 6U 340.5 x 226.3 x 100 1.06 Al 7075",
          "source_url": "https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2021/10/6.soa_structures_2021.pdf",
          "profile": "aluminium-7075",
          "mid": "aluminium-7075"
        },
        {
          "part": "Spacemind 1U structure",
          "material": "Al 6061",
          "form": "frame",
          "finish": null,
          "standard": null,
          "hardware_ref": "Spacemind 1U (0.0849 kg)",
          "quote": "Spacemind 1U 113.5 x 100 x 100 0.0849 Al 6061",
          "source_url": "https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2021/10/6.soa_structures_2021.pdf",
          "profile": "aluminium-6061",
          "mid": "aluminium-6061"
        },
        {
          "part": "Ishitoshi Machining 1U structure",
          "material": "A7075, A6061",
          "form": "frame",
          "finish": null,
          "standard": null,
          "hardware_ref": "Ishitoshi Machining 1U (0.1 kg)",
          "quote": "1U 100 x 100 x 113.5 0.1 A7075, A6061",
          "source_url": "https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2021/10/6.soa_structures_2021.pdf",
          "profile": "aluminium-7075",
          "mid": "aluminium-7075"
        },
        {
          "part": "Dispenser-compatible rails",
          "material": "anodized aluminum",
          "form": "rail",
          "finish": "anodized",
          "standard": null,
          "hardware_ref": null,
          "quote": "requirements often entail anodized aluminum rails",
          "source_url": "https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2021/10/6.soa_structures_2021.pdf",
          "profile": "anodized-aluminium",
          "mid": "anodized-aluminium"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "assembly": "Deployable booms and manipulators",
      "parts": [
        {
          "part": "CTD STELOC slit-tube boom",
          "material": "composite (fibre and resin not stated)",
          "form": "boom",
          "finish": null,
          "standard": null,
          "hardware_ref": "Composite Technology Development STELOC with SlitLock edge",
          "quote": "composite boom called the Stable Tubular Extendable Lock-Out Composite (STELOC)",
          "source_url": "https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2021/10/6.soa_structures_2021.pdf",
          "profile": null,
          "mid": "fibre-reinforced-polymer-composite"
        },
        {
          "part": "Oxford Space Systems AstroTube boom (AlSat-1N)",
          "material": "flexible composite (fibre and resin not stated)",
          "form": "boom, 1.5 m",
          "finish": null,
          "standard": null,
          "hardware_ref": "AstroTube; 3U AlSat-1N",
          "quote": "a total mass of 0.61 kg",
          "source_url": "https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2021/10/6.soa_structures_2021.pdf",
          "profile": null,
          "mid": "fibre-reinforced-polymer-composite"
        },
        {
          "part": "Redwire Roll Out Composite (ROC) boom",
          "material": "fiber reinforced polymer composites",
          "form": "boom, 1 to 5 m",
          "finish": null,
          "standard": null,
          "hardware_ref": "Redwire ROC Boom; CubeSat ROC Boom Deployer; ROC-FALL",
          "quote": "fabricated from fiber reinforced polymer composites",
          "source_url": "https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2021/10/6.soa_structures_2021.pdf",
          "profile": null,
          "mid": "fibre-reinforced-polymer-composite"
        },
        {
          "part": "NASA Deployable Composite Boom (DCB) for ACS3",
          "material": "composite (fibre and resin not stated)",
          "form": "boom, 7 m extensible to 16.5 m",
          "finish": null,
          "standard": null,
          "hardware_ref": "NASA Langley DCB / ACS3",
          "quote": "a low weight of less than 25% compared to metallic booms",
          "source_url": "https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2021/10/6.soa_structures_2021.pdf",
          "profile": null,
          "mid": "fibre-reinforced-polymer-composite"
        },
        {
          "part": "RECS robotic arms (Naval Academy)",
          "material": "3D Windform print technology",
          "form": "3D printed arm",
          "finish": null,
          "standard": null,
          "hardware_ref": "CRP Windform (grade not stated for RECS)",
          "quote": "The RECS robotic arms were built using 3D Windform print technology.",
          "source_url": "https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2021/10/6.soa_structures_2021.pdf",
          "profile": null,
          "mid": "windform-sls-nylon"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "assembly": "Release mechanisms",
      "parts": [
        {
          "part": "Frangibolt actuator cylinder",
          "material": "Copper-Aluminum-Nickel memory shape alloy",
          "form": "cylinder",
          "finish": null,
          "standard": null,
          "hardware_ref": "EBAD TiNi FD04 Frangibolt (Table 6-6: mass 0.007 kg, holding capacity 667 N)",
          "quote": "Copper- Aluminum-Nickel memory shape alloy cylinder",
          "source_url": "https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2021/10/6.soa_structures_2021.pdf",
          "profile": "copper",
          "mid": "copper"
        },
        {
          "part": "Frangibolt fastener",
          "material": "custom notched #4 fastener (material not stated)",
          "form": "fastener",
          "finish": null,
          "standard": null,
          "hardware_ref": "EBAD TiNi Mini Frangibolt",
          "quote": "custom notched #4 fastener in tension",
          "source_url": "https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2021/10/6.soa_structures_2021.pdf",
          "profile": null,
          "mid": null
        },
        {
          "part": "ML50 Micro Latch",
          "material": "not stated",
          "form": "latch",
          "finish": null,
          "standard": null,
          "hardware_ref": "EBAD TiNi ML50 (mass 0.015 kg; 4-40 thread)",
          "quote": "Max Release Load 222.4 N",
          "source_url": "https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2021/10/6.soa_structures_2021.pdf",
          "profile": null,
          "mid": null
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "assembly": "Additive-manufactured secondary structure and coatings",
      "parts": [
        {
          "part": "TechEdSat secondary structural pieces",
          "material": "Markforged Onyx carbon fiber filaments (nylon-based)",
          "form": "FFF printed",
          "finish": null,
          "standard": null,
          "hardware_ref": "Markforged Onyx",
          "quote": "Secondary structural pieces have been flown through the TechEdSat program using Markforged Onyx carbon fiber filaments.",
          "source_url": "https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2021/10/6.soa_structures_2021.pdf",
          "profile": "carbon-fibre",
          "mid": "carbon-fibre"
        },
        {
          "part": "KySat-2 / TANCREDO-1 printed parts",
          "material": "CRP Windform XT 1.0 and 2.0 (carbon fiber reinforced polymer, SLS)",
          "form": "SLS printed",
          "finish": null,
          "standard": null,
          "hardware_ref": "CRP USA Windform XT 1.0 / XT 2.0",
          "quote": "Windform XT 1.0 and 2.0 have been used on CubeSat and PocketQube platforms",
          "source_url": "https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2021/10/6.soa_structures_2021.pdf",
          "profile": null,
          "mid": "windform-sls-nylon"
        },
        {
          "part": "Electronic board conformal coating",
          "material": "LUNA XP Charge Dissipation Coating",
          "form": "coating",
          "finish": null,
          "standard": null,
          "hardware_ref": "LUNA Innovations XP; MISSE 9 and Shields-1",
          "quote": "The XP Charge Dissipation Coating has volume resistivities in the range of 108 – 1012 ohm-cm",
          "source_url": "https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2021/10/6.soa_structures_2021.pdf",
          "profile": null,
          "mid": "luna-xp-coating"
        }
      ]
    }
  ],
  "materials": [
    {
      "id": "aluminium-5052",
      "name": "Al 5052-H32",
      "material_page": "https://spacemushroom.com/profiles/aluminium-5052/"
    },
    {
      "id": "aluminium-6061",
      "name": "Al 6061",
      "material_page": "https://spacemushroom.com/profiles/aluminium-6061/"
    },
    {
      "id": "aluminium-7075",
      "name": "A7075, A6061",
      "material_page": "https://spacemushroom.com/profiles/aluminium-7075/"
    },
    {
      "id": "anodized-aluminium",
      "name": "anodized aluminum",
      "material_page": "https://spacemushroom.com/profiles/anodized-aluminium/"
    },
    {
      "id": "fibre-reinforced-polymer-composite",
      "name": "composite (fibre and resin not stated)",
      "material_page": null
    },
    {
      "id": "windform-sls-nylon",
      "name": "CRP Windform XT 1.0 and 2.0 (carbon fiber reinforced polymer, SLS)",
      "material_page": null
    },
    {
      "id": "copper",
      "name": "Copper-Aluminum-Nickel memory shape alloy",
      "material_page": "https://spacemushroom.com/profiles/copper/"
    },
    {
      "id": "carbon-fibre",
      "name": "Markforged Onyx carbon fiber filaments (nylon-based)",
      "material_page": "https://spacemushroom.com/profiles/carbon-fibre/"
    },
    {
      "id": "luna-xp-coating",
      "name": "LUNA XP Charge Dissipation Coating",
      "material_page": null
    }
  ],
  "standards": [
    {
      "name": "ISO 75 / ASTM (heat deflection), ISO 179-1, ISO 527-1, ASTM D790 / ISO",
      "org": "ISO",
      "used_for": "column headings of the AM filament property tables (6-8 to 6-12); test methods, not tied to a named flown part"
    },
    {
      "name": "MIL-I-46058C",
      "org": "MIL",
      "used_for": "insulation resistance quoted for Humiseal 1B73 in the coating comparison table"
    },
    {
      "name": "GSFC-STD-7000B (GEVS)",
      "org": "NASA",
      "used_for": "cited in the reference list only; not tied to a part in the text read"
    },
    {
      "name": "Al 5052-H32, Al 6061-T651, Al 7075-T6 (alloy-temper designations)",
      "org": "other",
      "used_for": "frame materials; the chapter gives designations but no AMS/ASTM specification numbers"
    }
  ],
  "relations": [],
  "not_published": "No fastener, insert, finish (beyond 'anodized' rails), or adhesive lists for any structure. Boom fibre and resin systems, ISISPACE/AAC Clyde Space alloy (Clyde), ML50 materials, Windform grade for RECS, and coating specifications are not given. Table 6-1 later rows have extraction problems (Spacemind 2U onward masses, Sputnik row). Per-part masses exist only for the frames in Table 6-1, Clyde Space chassis, AstroTube and the TiNi devices.",
  "depth": "partial",
  "photos": [
    {
      "file": "products/context/nasa-small-spacecraft-structures-1.jpg",
      "alt": "Coil of black woven carbon-fibre boom strip on a drum inside an aluminium deployer frame with a NASA logo plate",
      "long": "A boom deployer on a lab floor: a large coil of black woven carbon-fibre boom strip wound on a central drum inside an aluminium frame with a NASA logo plate, a motor and gears at the left, and the boom end curling out at the front.",
      "kind": "context",
      "context": "NASA Deployable Composite Boom",
      "credit": "NASA",
      "license": "Public domain (NASA)",
      "page_url": "https://www.nasa.gov/centers-and-facilities/langley/deployable-composite-booms-dcb/"
    },
    {
      "file": "products/context/nasa-small-spacecraft-structures-2.jpg",
      "alt": "Two hands feeding a flat black carbon-fibre strip off a spool in a workshop",
      "long": "Close-up in a workshop: two hands feed a flat black woven carbon-fibre strip off a spool; the strip curls into a shallow curved channel. This is the Deployable Composite Boom the report describes.",
      "kind": "context",
      "context": "NASA Deployable Composite Boom",
      "credit": "NASA",
      "license": "Public domain (NASA)",
      "page_url": "https://www.nasa.gov/centers-and-facilities/langley/deployable-composite-booms-dcb/"
    }
  ],
  "context": {
    "size": [
      "1U",
      "3U"
    ]
  },
  "licence": "Product data CC BY 4.0, cite Space Mushroom. Photos keep their own licences, given per photo.",
  "mcp": "https://spacemushroom.com/mcp"
}