{
  "id": "gran-systems-1u-structure",
  "title": "1U CubeSat Structure",
  "maker": "Gran Systems",
  "maker_type": "Commercial",
  "kind": "structure",
  "category": "structures",
  "page": "https://spacemushroom.com/space-products/gran-systems-1u-structure/",
  "website": "https://gransystems.com/products/cubesat-structure/1UCubeStructure",
  "summary": "A 1U CubeSat primary structure. The product page states the alloy, a surface treatment, mass and envelope.",
  "application": "A 1U CubeSat primary structure that gives a small satellite its frame. At 118 g it holds standard PC104 boards, which saves a team from machining and anodizing a chassis themselves.",
  "story": {
    "headline": "Gran Systems' 1U structure is an anodised aluminium frame, 118 grams on average, for building a one-unit CubeSat.",
    "intro": [
      "This is the smallest frame in Gran Systems' range of CubeSat structures, which runs from 1U up to 16U. It measures 100 by 100 by 113.5 millimetres and weighs 118 grams on average. A 1U education kit, with a transparent side panel that shows the electronics, sits beside it in the range.",
      "The frame is 6061-T6 aluminium with an anodised surface, like Gran's larger aluminium frames. It holds circuit boards in the PC104 layout and slides into a launch dispenser on rails along all four sides. Gran gives a temperature range of -50 to +120 °C."
    ],
    "built": [
      {
        "title": "Mounting holes",
        "text": "Four mounting holes are laid out in the PC104 pattern, a standard for circuit boards. The largest board that fits is 95.9 by 95.9 millimetres. Gran cites the LibreCube specification, which refers to PC104, for the hole positions.",
        "parts": [
          "PC104 mounting holes (x4)"
        ]
      },
      {
        "title": "Slide rails",
        "text": "Rails run along all four sides of the frame. They are the surfaces that slide in a launch dispenser. Gran says its structures adhere to the Cal Poly CubeSat standard.",
        "parts": [
          "Slide rails on all four sides"
        ]
      },
      {
        "title": "Other sizes and options",
        "text": "Every size from 1.5U to 16U is also 6061-T6 aluminium with an anodised surface. From 3U upwards, Gran can build the frame in carbon fibre instead, for lower weight, higher strength and lower thermal expansion. The education kit has a transparent side panel.",
        "parts": [
          "1.5U CubeSat structure",
          "3U CubeSat structure",
          "16U CubeSat structure",
          "Carbon fibre structure option (3U and larger)",
          "1U Educational CubeSat kit structure (transparent side panel)"
        ]
      }
    ],
    "materials": [
      {
        "name": "Aluminium alloy 6061-T6",
        "mid": "aluminium-6061",
        "where": "The 1U structure, every larger size and the MyPOD test pods, all anodised."
      },
      {
        "name": "Carbon fibre",
        "mid": "carbon-fibre",
        "where": "An option for structures of 3U and larger, for lower weight, higher strength and lower thermal expansion. The resin is not named."
      }
    ],
    "connections": "Gran also sells MyPOD test pods, aluminium fixtures that hold a CubeSat for fit checks and for vibration, shock and thermal-vacuum tests. It says it designs similar dispensers for launching CubeSats, though no model name is published. Gran says it turned its structures and pods into products after NUTSAT. NUTSAT was a 2U CubeSat from National Formosa University, deployed from the International Space Station on 29 December 2022. Gran doesn't say NUTSAT flew this 1U frame.",
    "unknown": "Gran's page doesn't say which type of anodising is used, how tight the tolerances are, what loads the frame can take, which dispensers it fits, or what fasteners it uses. No drawing, CAD file or datasheet is offered. Gran names no customer satellite that flew this structure.",
    "facts": [
      {
        "label": "Size",
        "value": "100 x 100 x 113.5 mm"
      },
      {
        "label": "Average weight",
        "value": "118 g"
      },
      {
        "label": "Material",
        "value": "Aluminum T6 6061"
      },
      {
        "label": "Surface treatment",
        "value": "Anodized"
      },
      {
        "label": "Temperature range",
        "value": "-50 C to +120 C"
      },
      {
        "label": "Largest circuit board",
        "value": "95.9 x 95.9 mm"
      }
    ]
  },
  "specifications": [
    {
      "label": "Dimensions",
      "value": "100 x 100 x 113.5 mm",
      "source_url": "https://gransystems.com/products/cubesat-structure/1UCubeStructure",
      "quote": "Length 100 × Width 100 × Height 113.5mm"
    },
    {
      "label": "Average weight",
      "value": "118 g",
      "source_url": "https://gransystems.com/products/cubesat-structure/1UCubeStructure",
      "quote": "118 g"
    },
    {
      "label": "Max. PC105 PCB size",
      "value": "95.9 x 95.9 mm",
      "source_url": "https://gransystems.com/products/cubesat-structure/1UCubeStructure",
      "quote": "95.9 x 95.9 mm"
    },
    {
      "label": "Mounting",
      "value": "4 x PC104 mounting holes",
      "source_url": "https://gransystems.com/products/cubesat-structure/1UCubeStructure",
      "quote": "4 x PC104 Mounting holes provided."
    },
    {
      "label": "Temperature",
      "value": "-50 C to +120 C",
      "source_url": "https://gransystems.com/products/cubesat-structure/1UCubeStructure",
      "quote": "-50°C to +120°C"
    },
    {
      "label": "Material",
      "value": "Aluminum T6 6061",
      "source_url": "https://gransystems.com/products/cubesat-structure/1UCubeStructure",
      "quote": "Aluminum T6 6061"
    },
    {
      "label": "Surface treatment",
      "value": "Anodized",
      "source_url": "https://gransystems.com/products/cubesat-structure/1UCubeStructure",
      "quote": "Surface treatment: anodized"
    },
    {
      "label": "Mounting hole reference",
      "value": "LibreCube specification referring to PC104",
      "source_url": "https://gransystems.com/products/cubesat-structure/1UCubeStructure",
      "quote": "LibreCube Specification referring to PC104"
    },
    {
      "label": "Delivered hardware (maker claim)",
      "value": "over 100 CubeSat structures and 50 test pods; 46+ satellites or missions supported",
      "source_url": "https://gransystems.com/products/catalogue",
      "quote": "With over 100 CubeSat structures and 50 test pods delivered"
    },
    {
      "label": "Structure sizes offered",
      "value": "1U, 1.5U, 2U, 3U, 4U, 6U, 8U, 12U and 16U, plus a 1U Edu kit",
      "source_url": "https://gransystems.com/products/cubesat-structure/catalogue",
      "quote": "including 1U, 1.5U, 2U, 3U, 4U, 6U, 8U, 12U and 16U"
    },
    {
      "label": "Test pod sizes",
      "value": "3U (MyPOD1 and MyPOD2), 6U MyPOD2, 12U MyPOD2",
      "source_url": "https://gransystems.com/products/mypod/catalogue",
      "quote": "3U MyPOD1 3U MyPOD2 6U MyPOD2 12U MyPOD2"
    },
    {
      "label": "Test pod temperature range",
      "value": "-50 C to +100 C",
      "source_url": "https://gransystems.com/pdf/mypod.pdf",
      "quote": "Temperature Range -50°C to +100°C"
    },
    {
      "label": "CDS Rev 14.1: rail minimum width",
      "value": "8.5 mm, measured from the rail edge to the first protrusion",
      "source_url": "https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2018/01/cubesatdesignspecificationrev14_12022-02-09.pdf",
      "quote": "Rails shall have a minimum width of 8.5mm measured from the edge of the rail to the first protrusion on each face."
    },
    {
      "label": "CDS Rev 14.1: rail surface roughness",
      "value": "less than 1.6 micrometres (a 'should')",
      "source_url": "https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2018/01/cubesatdesignspecificationrev14_12022-02-09.pdf",
      "quote": "Rails should have a surface roughness less than 1.6 µm."
    },
    {
      "label": "CDS Rev 14.1: rail edge radius",
      "value": "at least 1 mm (a 'should')",
      "source_url": "https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2018/01/cubesatdesignspecificationrev14_12022-02-09.pdf",
      "quote": "The edges of the rails should be rounded to a radius of at least 1 mm."
    },
    {
      "label": "CDS Rev 14.1: rail end contact area",
      "value": "6.5 mm x 6.5 mm minimum on the +/- Z face",
      "source_url": "https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2018/01/cubesatdesignspecificationrev14_12022-02-09.pdf",
      "quote": "The ends of the rails on the +/- Z face shall have a minimum surface area of 6.5 mm x 6.5 mm contact area"
    },
    {
      "label": "CDS Rev 14.1: protrusion limit",
      "value": "6.5 mm normal to the surface from the plane of the rail",
      "source_url": "https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2018/01/cubesatdesignspecificationrev14_12022-02-09.pdf",
      "quote": "shall protrude farther than 6.5 mm normal to the surface from the plane of the rail"
    },
    {
      "label": "CDS Rev 14.1: rail contact with dispenser",
      "value": "at least 75% of the rail",
      "source_url": "https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2018/01/cubesatdesignspecificationrev14_12022-02-09.pdf",
      "quote": "At least 75% of the rail should be in contact with the dispenser rails."
    },
    {
      "label": "CDS Rev 14.1: structure material",
      "value": "aluminium alloy; 7075, 6061, 6082, 5005 and/or 5052 typical",
      "source_url": "https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2018/01/cubesatdesignspecificationrev14_12022-02-09.pdf",
      "quote": "Typically, Aluminum 7075, 6061, 6082, 5005, and/or 5052 are used for both the main CubeSat structure and the rails."
    },
    {
      "label": "CDS Rev 14.1: rail surface finish",
      "value": "hard anodized wherever it touches the dispenser rails",
      "source_url": "https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2018/01/cubesatdesignspecificationrev14_12022-02-09.pdf",
      "quote": "shall be hard anodized to prevent any cold welding within the dispenser"
    },
    {
      "label": "CDS Rev 14.1: maximum mass per size",
      "value": "1U 2.00 kg, 1.5U 3.00 kg, 2U 4.00 kg, 3U 6.00 kg, 6U 12.00 kg, 12U 24.00 kg",
      "source_url": "https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2018/01/cubesatdesignspecificationrev14_12022-02-09.pdf",
      "quote": "1U 2.00 1.5U 3.00 2U 4.00 3U 6.00 6U 12.00 12U 24.00"
    },
    {
      "label": "CDS Rev 14.1: separation spring guideline",
      "value": "max force below 6.7 N (1.5 lbf), stroke above 2.5 mm",
      "source_url": "https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2018/01/cubesatdesignspecificationrev14_12022-02-09.pdf",
      "quote": "select a separation spring with a max force less than 6.7 N (1.5 lbf) but with a stroke length greater than 2.5 mm"
    },
    {
      "label": "CDS Rev 14.1: deployment switch",
      "value": "at least one, actuated while the CubeSat is in the dispenser",
      "source_url": "https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2018/01/cubesatdesignspecificationrev14_12022-02-09.pdf",
      "quote": "The CubeSat shall have, at a minimum, one deployment switch, which is actuated while integrated in the dispenser."
    },
    {
      "label": "CDS Rev 14.1: outgassing",
      "value": "TML at most 1.0 % and CVCM at most 0.1 %",
      "source_url": "https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2018/01/cubesatdesignspecificationrev14_12022-02-09.pdf",
      "quote": "CubeSats materials shall have a Total Mass Loss (TML) of less than or equal to 1.0 %"
    },
    {
      "label": "CDS Rev 14.1: remove-before-flight pin",
      "value": "required; protrudes no more than 6.5 mm from the rail surface when fully inserted",
      "source_url": "https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2018/01/cubesatdesignspecificationrev14_12022-02-09.pdf",
      "quote": "The RBF pin shall protrude no more than 6.5 mm from the CubeSat rail surface when it is fully inserted into the satellite."
    }
  ],
  "features": [
    {
      "text": "PC104 mounting holes provided",
      "source_url": "https://gransystems.com/products/cubesat-structure/1UCubeStructure",
      "quote": "4 x PC104 Mounting holes provided."
    },
    {
      "text": "Anodized surface",
      "source_url": "https://gransystems.com/products/cubesat-structure/1UCubeStructure",
      "quote": "Surface treatment: anodized"
    }
  ],
  "parts": [
    {
      "assembly": "Structure",
      "parts": [
        {
          "part": "1U CubeSat structure (single part list entry)",
          "material": "Aluminum T6 6061",
          "form": "structure",
          "finish": "anodized (type and class not stated)",
          "standard": null,
          "hardware_ref": null,
          "quote": "Material Aluminum T6 6061 Surface treatment: anodized",
          "source_url": "https://gransystems.com/products/cubesat-structure/1UCubeStructure",
          "profile": "aluminium-6061",
          "mid": "aluminium-6061"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "assembly": "Interfaces of the 1U to 3U structures",
      "parts": [
        {
          "part": "PC104 mounting holes (x4)",
          "material": null,
          "form": null,
          "finish": null,
          "standard": null,
          "hardware_ref": "Supplier: Gran Systems",
          "quote": "4 x PC104 Mounting holes provided.",
          "source_url": "https://gransystems.com/products/cubesat-structure/1UCubeStructure",
          "profile": null,
          "mid": null,
          "function": "Hole pattern that takes PC104-size boards; pattern follows the LibreCube specification",
          "specs": [
            {
              "label": "Board envelope",
              "value": "95.9 x 95.9 mm (page label: PC105 PCB size)",
              "quote": "Max. PC105 PCB Size | 95.9 x 95.9 mm",
              "source_url": "https://gransystems.com/products/cubesat-structure/1UCubeStructure"
            },
            {
              "label": "Pattern reference",
              "value": "LibreCube Specification referring to PC104",
              "quote": "LibreCube Specification referring to PC104",
              "source_url": "https://gransystems.com/products/cubesat-structure/1UCubeStructure"
            }
          ]
        },
        {
          "part": "Slide rails on all four sides",
          "material": null,
          "form": null,
          "finish": null,
          "standard": null,
          "hardware_ref": "Supplier: Gran Systems",
          "quote": "Our components are engineeres with slide rails on all four sides, adhering to CALPOLY CubeSat Standards.",
          "source_url": "https://gransystems.com/products/cubesat-structure/catalogue",
          "profile": null,
          "mid": null,
          "function": "Rails that ride in the dispenser; Gran says its structures adhere to the Cal Poly CubeSat standard"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "assembly": "Structure family (other sizes)",
      "parts": [
        {
          "part": "1.5U CubeSat structure",
          "material": "Aluminium 6061-T6, anodized",
          "form": null,
          "finish": null,
          "standard": null,
          "hardware_ref": "Supplier: Gran Systems",
          "quote": "1.5U CubeSat Structure Specifications",
          "source_url": "https://gransystems.com/products/cubesat-structure/1.5UCubeStructure",
          "profile": "aluminium-6061",
          "mid": "aluminium-6061",
          "function": "Primary structure in the Gran Systems mass-production family",
          "specs": [
            {
              "label": "Material",
              "value": "Aluminum T6 6061, anodized",
              "quote": "Material | Aluminum T6 6061",
              "source_url": "https://gransystems.com/products/cubesat-structure/1.5UCubeStructure"
            },
            {
              "label": "Dimensions",
              "value": "L 100 x W 100 x H 170.2mm",
              "quote": "Dimensions | L 100 × W 100 × H 170.2mm",
              "source_url": "https://gransystems.com/products/cubesat-structure/1.5UCubeStructure"
            },
            {
              "label": "Average weight",
              "value": "142 g",
              "quote": "Average weight | 142 g",
              "source_url": "https://gransystems.com/products/cubesat-structure/1.5UCubeStructure"
            },
            {
              "label": "Temperature",
              "value": "-50 C to +120 C",
              "quote": "Temperature | -50°C to +120°C",
              "source_url": "https://gransystems.com/products/cubesat-structure/1.5UCubeStructure"
            },
            {
              "label": "Deployable dimensions",
              "value": "L 104 x W 104 x H 170.2mm",
              "quote": "Deployable Dimensions | L 104 × W 104 × H 170.2mm",
              "source_url": "https://gransystems.com/products/cubesat-structure/1.5UCubeStructure"
            }
          ]
        },
        {
          "part": "2U CubeSat structure",
          "material": "Aluminium 6061-T6, anodized",
          "form": null,
          "finish": null,
          "standard": null,
          "hardware_ref": "Supplier: Gran Systems",
          "quote": "2U CubeSat Structure Specifications",
          "source_url": "https://gransystems.com/products/cubesat-structure/2UCubeStructure",
          "profile": "aluminium-6061",
          "mid": "aluminium-6061",
          "function": "Primary structure in the Gran Systems mass-production family",
          "specs": [
            {
              "label": "Material",
              "value": "Aluminum T6 6061, anodized",
              "quote": "Material | Aluminum T6 6061",
              "source_url": "https://gransystems.com/products/cubesat-structure/2UCubeStructure"
            },
            {
              "label": "Dimensions",
              "value": "L 100 x W 100 x H 227mm",
              "quote": "Dimensions | L 100 × W 100 × H 227mm",
              "source_url": "https://gransystems.com/products/cubesat-structure/2UCubeStructure"
            },
            {
              "label": "Average weight",
              "value": "415 g",
              "quote": "Average weight | 415 g",
              "source_url": "https://gransystems.com/products/cubesat-structure/2UCubeStructure"
            },
            {
              "label": "Temperature",
              "value": "-50 C to +120 C",
              "quote": "Temperature | -50°C to +120°C",
              "source_url": "https://gransystems.com/products/cubesat-structure/2UCubeStructure"
            },
            {
              "label": "Deployable dimensions",
              "value": "L 104 x W 104 x H 227mm",
              "quote": "Deployable Dimensions | L 104 × W 104 × H 227mm",
              "source_url": "https://gransystems.com/products/cubesat-structure/2UCubeStructure"
            }
          ]
        },
        {
          "part": "3U CubeSat structure",
          "material": "Aluminium 6061-T6, anodized",
          "form": null,
          "finish": null,
          "standard": null,
          "hardware_ref": "Supplier: Gran Systems",
          "quote": "3U CubeSat Structure Specifications",
          "source_url": "https://gransystems.com/products/cubesat-structure/3UCubeStructure",
          "profile": "aluminium-6061",
          "mid": "aluminium-6061",
          "function": "Primary structure in the Gran Systems mass-production family",
          "specs": [
            {
              "label": "Material",
              "value": "Aluminum T6 6061, anodized",
              "quote": "Material | Aluminum T6 6061",
              "source_url": "https://gransystems.com/products/cubesat-structure/3UCubeStructure"
            },
            {
              "label": "Dimensions",
              "value": "L 100 x W 100 x H 340mm",
              "quote": "Dimensions | L 100 × W 100 × H 340mm",
              "source_url": "https://gransystems.com/products/cubesat-structure/3UCubeStructure"
            },
            {
              "label": "Average weight",
              "value": "580 g",
              "quote": "Average weight | 580 g",
              "source_url": "https://gransystems.com/products/cubesat-structure/3UCubeStructure"
            },
            {
              "label": "Temperature",
              "value": "-50 C to +120 C",
              "quote": "Temperature | -50°C to +120°C",
              "source_url": "https://gransystems.com/products/cubesat-structure/3UCubeStructure"
            },
            {
              "label": "Deployable dimensions",
              "value": "L 104 x W 104 x H 340mm",
              "quote": "Deployable Dimensions | L 104 × W 104 × H 340mm",
              "source_url": "https://gransystems.com/products/cubesat-structure/3UCubeStructure"
            }
          ]
        },
        {
          "part": "4U CubeSat structure",
          "material": "Aluminium 6061-T6, anodized",
          "form": null,
          "finish": null,
          "standard": null,
          "hardware_ref": "Supplier: Gran Systems",
          "quote": "4U CubeSat Structure Specifications",
          "source_url": "https://gransystems.com/products/cubesat-structure/4UCubeStructure",
          "profile": "aluminium-6061",
          "mid": "aluminium-6061",
          "function": "Primary structure in the Gran Systems mass-production family",
          "specs": [
            {
              "label": "Material",
              "value": "Aluminum T6 6061, anodized",
              "quote": "Material | Aluminum T6 6061",
              "source_url": "https://gransystems.com/products/cubesat-structure/4UCubeStructure"
            },
            {
              "label": "Dimensions",
              "value": "L 100 x W 100 x H 400mm",
              "quote": "Dimensions | L 100 × W 100 × H 400mm",
              "source_url": "https://gransystems.com/products/cubesat-structure/4UCubeStructure"
            },
            {
              "label": "Average weight",
              "value": "700 g",
              "quote": "Average weight | 700 g",
              "source_url": "https://gransystems.com/products/cubesat-structure/4UCubeStructure"
            },
            {
              "label": "Temperature",
              "value": "-50 C to +120 C",
              "quote": "Temperature | -50°C to +120°C",
              "source_url": "https://gransystems.com/products/cubesat-structure/4UCubeStructure"
            }
          ]
        },
        {
          "part": "6U CubeSat structure",
          "material": "Aluminium 6061-T6, anodized",
          "form": null,
          "finish": null,
          "standard": null,
          "hardware_ref": "Supplier: Gran Systems",
          "quote": "6U CubeSat Structure Specifications",
          "source_url": "https://gransystems.com/products/cubesat-structure/6UCubeStructure",
          "profile": "aluminium-6061",
          "mid": "aluminium-6061",
          "function": "Primary structure in the Gran Systems mass-production family",
          "specs": [
            {
              "label": "Material",
              "value": "Aluminum T6 6061, anodized",
              "quote": "Material | Aluminum T6 6061",
              "source_url": "https://gransystems.com/products/cubesat-structure/6UCubeStructure"
            },
            {
              "label": "Dimensions",
              "value": "L 100 x W 226.3 x H 366mm",
              "quote": "Dimensions | L 100 × W 226.3 × H 366mm",
              "source_url": "https://gransystems.com/products/cubesat-structure/6UCubeStructure"
            },
            {
              "label": "Average weight",
              "value": "916 g",
              "quote": "Average weight | 916 g",
              "source_url": "https://gransystems.com/products/cubesat-structure/6UCubeStructure"
            },
            {
              "label": "Temperature",
              "value": "-50 C to +120 C",
              "quote": "Temperature | -50°C to +120°C",
              "source_url": "https://gransystems.com/products/cubesat-structure/6UCubeStructure"
            },
            {
              "label": "Deployable dimensions",
              "value": "L 104 x W 230.3 x H 366mm",
              "quote": "Deployable Dimensions | L 104 × W 230.3 × H 366mm | Optional",
              "source_url": "https://gransystems.com/products/cubesat-structure/6UCubeStructure"
            }
          ]
        },
        {
          "part": "8U CubeSat structure",
          "material": "Aluminium 6061-T6, anodized",
          "form": null,
          "finish": null,
          "standard": null,
          "hardware_ref": "Supplier: Gran Systems",
          "quote": "8U CubeSat Structure Specifications",
          "source_url": "https://gransystems.com/products/cubesat-structure/8UCubeStructure",
          "profile": "aluminium-6061",
          "mid": "aluminium-6061",
          "function": "Primary structure in the Gran Systems mass-production family",
          "specs": [
            {
              "label": "Material",
              "value": "Aluminum T6 6061, anodized",
              "quote": "Material | Aluminum T6 6061",
              "source_url": "https://gransystems.com/products/cubesat-structure/8UCubeStructure"
            },
            {
              "label": "Dimensions",
              "value": "L 100 x W 200 x H 400mm",
              "quote": "Dimensions | L 100 × W 200 × H 400mm",
              "source_url": "https://gransystems.com/products/cubesat-structure/8UCubeStructure"
            },
            {
              "label": "Average weight",
              "value": "1200 g",
              "quote": "Average weight | 1200 g",
              "source_url": "https://gransystems.com/products/cubesat-structure/8UCubeStructure"
            },
            {
              "label": "Temperature",
              "value": "-50 C to +120 C",
              "quote": "Temperature | -50°C to +120°C",
              "source_url": "https://gransystems.com/products/cubesat-structure/8UCubeStructure"
            }
          ]
        },
        {
          "part": "12U CubeSat structure",
          "material": "Aluminium 6061-T6, anodized",
          "form": null,
          "finish": null,
          "standard": null,
          "hardware_ref": "Supplier: Gran Systems",
          "quote": "12U CubeSat Structure Specifications",
          "source_url": "https://gransystems.com/products/cubesat-structure/12UCubeStructure",
          "profile": "aluminium-6061",
          "mid": "aluminium-6061",
          "function": "Primary structure in the Gran Systems mass-production family",
          "specs": [
            {
              "label": "Material",
              "value": "Aluminum T6 6061, anodized",
              "quote": "Material | Aluminum T6 6061",
              "source_url": "https://gransystems.com/products/cubesat-structure/12UCubeStructure"
            },
            {
              "label": "Dimensions",
              "value": "L 226.3 x W 226.3 x H 366mm",
              "quote": "Dimensions | L 226.3 × W 226.3 × H 366mm",
              "source_url": "https://gransystems.com/products/cubesat-structure/12UCubeStructure"
            },
            {
              "label": "Average weight",
              "value": "1.87 kg",
              "quote": "Average weight | 1.87 kg",
              "source_url": "https://gransystems.com/products/cubesat-structure/12UCubeStructure"
            },
            {
              "label": "Temperature",
              "value": "-50 C to +120 C",
              "quote": "Temperature | -50°C to +120°C",
              "source_url": "https://gransystems.com/products/cubesat-structure/12UCubeStructure"
            },
            {
              "label": "Deployable dimensions",
              "value": "L 230.3 x W 230.3 x H 366mm",
              "quote": "Deployable Dimensions | L 230.3 × W 230.3 × H 366mm | Optional",
              "source_url": "https://gransystems.com/products/cubesat-structure/12UCubeStructure"
            }
          ]
        },
        {
          "part": "16U CubeSat structure",
          "material": "Aluminium 6061-T6, anodized",
          "form": null,
          "finish": null,
          "standard": null,
          "hardware_ref": "Supplier: Gran Systems",
          "quote": "16U CubeSat Structure Specifications",
          "source_url": "https://gransystems.com/products/cubesat-structure/16UCubeStructure",
          "profile": "aluminium-6061",
          "mid": "aluminium-6061",
          "function": "Primary structure in the Gran Systems mass-production family",
          "specs": [
            {
              "label": "Material",
              "value": "Aluminum T6 6061, anodized",
              "quote": "Material | Aluminum T6 6061",
              "source_url": "https://gransystems.com/products/cubesat-structure/16UCubeStructure"
            },
            {
              "label": "Dimensions",
              "value": "L 200 x W 200 x H 400mm",
              "quote": "Dimensions | L 200 × W 200 × H 400mm",
              "source_url": "https://gransystems.com/products/cubesat-structure/16UCubeStructure"
            },
            {
              "label": "Average weight",
              "value": "2300 g",
              "quote": "Average weight | 2300 g",
              "source_url": "https://gransystems.com/products/cubesat-structure/16UCubeStructure"
            },
            {
              "label": "Temperature",
              "value": "-50 C to +120 C",
              "quote": "Temperature | -50°C to +120°C",
              "source_url": "https://gransystems.com/products/cubesat-structure/16UCubeStructure"
            }
          ]
        },
        {
          "part": "Carbon fibre structure option (3U and larger)",
          "material": "Carbon fibre (matrix not stated)",
          "form": null,
          "finish": null,
          "standard": null,
          "hardware_ref": "Supplier: Gran Systems",
          "quote": "Cubesats sized 3U and larger can be made from carbon fiber",
          "source_url": "https://gransystems.com/products/cubesat-structure/catalogue",
          "profile": "carbon-fibre",
          "mid": "carbon-fibre",
          "function": "Alternative to aluminium for lower weight, higher strength and lower thermal expansion"
        },
        {
          "part": "1U Educational CubeSat kit structure (transparent side panel)",
          "material": null,
          "form": null,
          "finish": null,
          "standard": null,
          "hardware_ref": "Supplier: Gran Systems",
          "quote": "One of the standout features of this kit is its transparent side panel",
          "source_url": "https://gransystems.com/services/space-education/1UEDUCubeSat",
          "profile": null,
          "mid": null,
          "function": "Teaching kit with a transparent side panel that shows the electronics; listed as '1U Edu' beside the structures"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "assembly": "Test pods and deployers (MyPOD)",
      "parts": [
        {
          "part": "3U MyPOD1 test pod / fixture",
          "material": "Aluminium 6061-T6, anodized",
          "form": null,
          "finish": null,
          "standard": null,
          "hardware_ref": "Supplier: Gran Systems",
          "quote": "External Size (L x W x H) 470 x 144 x 148.1 mm",
          "source_url": "https://gransystems.com/pdf/mypod.pdf",
          "profile": "aluminium-6061",
          "mid": "aluminium-6061",
          "function": "Fit-check, vibration, shock, thermal-vacuum, storage and transport fixture for CubeSats built in the Gran structures",
          "specs": [
            {
              "label": "External size",
              "value": "470 x 144 x 148.1 mm",
              "quote": "External Size (L x W x H) 470 x 144 x 148.1 mm",
              "source_url": "https://gransystems.com/pdf/mypod.pdf"
            },
            {
              "label": "Empty mass",
              "value": "7.9 kg",
              "quote": "Empty Mass 7.9 kg",
              "source_url": "https://gransystems.com/pdf/mypod.pdf"
            },
            {
              "label": "Rail size",
              "value": "100.8 x 100.8 mm",
              "quote": "Rail Size (L x W x H) 100.8 x 100.8 mm",
              "source_url": "https://gransystems.com/pdf/mypod.pdf"
            },
            {
              "label": "Mounting interface",
              "value": "6x M5 (H); 4x M5 (V)",
              "quote": "Mounting Interface 6x M5 (H); 4x M5 (V)",
              "source_url": "https://gransystems.com/pdf/mypod.pdf"
            },
            {
              "label": "Maximum payload mass",
              "value": "6 kg",
              "quote": "Payload Mass maximum 6 kg",
              "source_url": "https://gransystems.com/pdf/mypod.pdf"
            }
          ]
        },
        {
          "part": "3U MyPOD2 test pod / fixture",
          "material": "Aluminium 6061-T6, anodized",
          "form": null,
          "finish": null,
          "standard": null,
          "hardware_ref": "Supplier: Gran Systems",
          "quote": "External Size (L x W x H) 137 x 137 x 415 mm",
          "source_url": "https://gransystems.com/pdf/mypod.pdf",
          "profile": "aluminium-6061",
          "mid": "aluminium-6061",
          "function": "Fit-check, vibration, shock, thermal-vacuum, storage and transport fixture for CubeSats built in the Gran structures",
          "specs": [
            {
              "label": "External size",
              "value": "137 x 137 x 415 mm",
              "quote": "External Size (L x W x H) 137 x 137 x 415 mm",
              "source_url": "https://gransystems.com/pdf/mypod.pdf"
            },
            {
              "label": "Empty mass",
              "value": "4.8 kg",
              "quote": "Empty Mass 4.8 kg",
              "source_url": "https://gransystems.com/pdf/mypod.pdf"
            },
            {
              "label": "Rail size",
              "value": "100.8 x 100.8 mm",
              "quote": "Rail Size (L x W x H) 100.8 x 100.8 mm",
              "source_url": "https://gransystems.com/pdf/mypod.pdf"
            },
            {
              "label": "Mounting interface",
              "value": "6x M5 (H); 4x M5 (V)",
              "quote": "Mounting Interface 6x M5 (H); 4x M5 (V)",
              "source_url": "https://gransystems.com/pdf/mypod.pdf"
            },
            {
              "label": "Maximum payload mass",
              "value": "6 kg",
              "quote": "Payload Mass maximum 6 kg",
              "source_url": "https://gransystems.com/pdf/mypod.pdf"
            }
          ]
        },
        {
          "part": "6U MyPOD2 test pod / fixture",
          "material": "Aluminium 6061-T6, anodized",
          "form": null,
          "finish": null,
          "standard": null,
          "hardware_ref": "Supplier: Gran Systems",
          "quote": "External Size (L x W x H) 268 x 141 x 442.1 mm",
          "source_url": "https://gransystems.com/pdf/mypod.pdf",
          "profile": "aluminium-6061",
          "mid": "aluminium-6061",
          "function": "Fit-check, vibration, shock, thermal-vacuum, storage and transport fixture for CubeSats built in the Gran structures",
          "specs": [
            {
              "label": "External size",
              "value": "268 x 141 x 442.1 mm",
              "quote": "External Size (L x W x H) 268 x 141 x 442.1 mm",
              "source_url": "https://gransystems.com/pdf/mypod.pdf"
            },
            {
              "label": "Empty mass",
              "value": "8.5 kg",
              "quote": "Empty Mass 8.5 kg",
              "source_url": "https://gransystems.com/pdf/mypod.pdf"
            },
            {
              "label": "Rail size",
              "value": "100.8 x 227.0 mm",
              "quote": "Rail Size (L x W x H) 100.8 x 227.0 mm",
              "source_url": "https://gransystems.com/pdf/mypod.pdf"
            },
            {
              "label": "Mounting interface",
              "value": "6x M5 (H); 9x M5 (V)",
              "quote": "Mounting Interface 6x M5 (H); 9x M5 (V)",
              "source_url": "https://gransystems.com/pdf/mypod.pdf"
            },
            {
              "label": "Maximum payload mass",
              "value": "12 kg",
              "quote": "Payload Mass maximum 12 kg",
              "source_url": "https://gransystems.com/pdf/mypod.pdf"
            }
          ]
        },
        {
          "part": "12U MyPOD2 test pod / fixture",
          "material": "Aluminium 6061-T6, anodized",
          "form": null,
          "finish": null,
          "standard": null,
          "hardware_ref": "Supplier: Gran Systems",
          "quote": "268 x 266 x 442.1 mm",
          "source_url": "https://gransystems.com/pdf/mypod.pdf",
          "profile": "aluminium-6061",
          "mid": "aluminium-6061",
          "function": "Fit-check, vibration, shock, thermal-vacuum, storage and transport fixture for CubeSats built in the Gran structures",
          "specs": [
            {
              "label": "External size",
              "value": "268 x 266 x 442.1 mm",
              "quote": "268 x 266 x 442.1 mm",
              "source_url": "https://gransystems.com/pdf/mypod.pdf"
            },
            {
              "label": "Empty mass",
              "value": "15 kg",
              "quote": "Empty Mass 15 kg",
              "source_url": "https://gransystems.com/pdf/mypod.pdf"
            },
            {
              "label": "Rail size",
              "value": "227 x 227 mm",
              "quote": "Rail Size (L x W x H) 227 x 227 mm",
              "source_url": "https://gransystems.com/pdf/mypod.pdf"
            },
            {
              "label": "Mounting interface",
              "value": "6x M5 (H); 12x M5 (V)",
              "quote": "Mounting Interface 6x M5 (H); 12x M5 (V)",
              "source_url": "https://gransystems.com/pdf/mypod.pdf"
            },
            {
              "label": "Maximum payload mass",
              "value": "19.2 kg",
              "quote": "Payload Mass maximum 19.2 kg",
              "source_url": "https://gransystems.com/pdf/mypod.pdf"
            }
          ]
        },
        {
          "part": "Vibration table adapter plates",
          "material": null,
          "form": null,
          "finish": null,
          "standard": null,
          "hardware_ref": "Supplier: Gran Systems",
          "quote": "Vibration Table Adapter Plates for all of the above are also available.",
          "source_url": "https://gransystems.com/pdf/mypod.pdf",
          "profile": null,
          "mid": null,
          "function": "Plates that mount the MyPOD pods on vibration and shock tables"
        },
        {
          "part": "Flight deployers designed by Gran Systems",
          "material": null,
          "form": null,
          "finish": null,
          "standard": null,
          "hardware_ref": "Supplier: Gran Systems",
          "quote": "Separately, Gran Systems designs similar deployers for launching cubesats on orbits.",
          "source_url": "https://gransystems.com/products/mypod/catalogue",
          "profile": null,
          "mid": null,
          "function": "Deployers for launching CubeSats on orbit, similar to the MyPOD"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "assembly": "Related Gran Systems products",
      "parts": [
        {
          "part": "Gran Systems CubeSat bus (1U to 16U)",
          "material": null,
          "form": null,
          "finish": null,
          "standard": null,
          "hardware_ref": "Supplier: Gran Systems",
          "quote": "First flown in 2022",
          "source_url": "https://gransystems.com/products/cubesat-bus/catalogue",
          "profile": null,
          "mid": null,
          "function": "Scalable bus with on-board computer, power system, solar panels and battery; first flown in 2022"
        },
        {
          "part": "R2D3 CubeSat bus with deorbit drag device",
          "material": null,
          "form": null,
          "finish": null,
          "standard": null,
          "hardware_ref": "Supplier: Gran Systems",
          "quote": "Reentry-Ready CubeSat with Deorbit Drag Device",
          "source_url": "https://gransystems.com/products/cubesat-bus/catalogue",
          "profile": null,
          "mid": null,
          "function": "Reentry-ready bus option for the FCC five-year deorbit rule"
        }
      ]
    }
  ],
  "materials": [
    {
      "id": "aluminium-6061",
      "name": "Aluminium 6061-T6, anodized",
      "material_page": "https://spacemushroom.com/profiles/aluminium-6061/"
    },
    {
      "id": "carbon-fibre",
      "name": "Carbon fibre (matrix not stated)",
      "material_page": "https://spacemushroom.com/profiles/carbon-fibre/"
    }
  ],
  "standards": [
    {
      "name": "LibreCube specification (PC104 mounting hole pattern)",
      "org": "other",
      "used_for": "Mounting holes only, not a material standard"
    }
  ],
  "relations": [
    {
      "type": "built_on",
      "target": "CubeSat Design Specification (Cal Poly)",
      "target_slug": null,
      "note": "Interface standard named on the maker's catalogue page",
      "quote": "Our components are engineeres with slide rails on all four sides, adhering to CALPOLY CubeSat Standards.",
      "source_url": "https://gransystems.com/products/cubesat-structure/catalogue"
    },
    {
      "type": "built_on",
      "target": "LibreCube board specification (PC104 mounting hole pattern)",
      "target_slug": null,
      "note": "Hole pattern used for the PC104 mounting holes",
      "quote": "LibreCube Specification referring to PC104",
      "source_url": "https://gransystems.com/products/cubesat-structure/1UCubeStructure"
    },
    {
      "type": "built_on",
      "target": "CubeSat 101 (NASA CSLI guide to the CubeSat standard)",
      "target_slug": "nasa-cubesat-101",
      "note": "Reference for the CubeSat Design Specification and dispensers; the guide does not name this product",
      "quote": "take a look at the CubeSat Design Specification (CDS)",
      "source_url": "https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2017/03/nasa_csli_cubesat_101_508.pdf"
    },
    {
      "type": "launched_on",
      "target": "Gran Systems MyPOD test pods (3U MyPOD1, 3U/6U/12U MyPOD2)",
      "target_slug": null,
      "note": "Companion test pods for Gran CubeSat configurations (fit-check, vibration, shock, thermal vacuum, transport)",
      "quote": "The 3U MyPOD1 can be equipped with several of our CubeSat configurations",
      "source_url": "https://gransystems.com/pdf/mypod.pdf"
    },
    {
      "type": "launched_on",
      "target": "Gran Systems flight deployers (designed to order)",
      "target_slug": null,
      "note": "Gran says it designs deployers similar to MyPOD for launching CubeSats; no model name is published",
      "quote": "Separately, Gran Systems designs similar deployers for launching cubesats on orbits.",
      "source_url": "https://gransystems.com/products/mypod/catalogue"
    },
    {
      "type": "heritage_of",
      "target": "NUTSAT (National Formosa University 2U CubeSat)",
      "target_slug": null,
      "note": "Gran says its test pods and structures were productised after a full CubeSat mission (NUTSAT); the slides do not say NUTSAT flew this 1U structure",
      "quote": "These include mass-produced test pods, cubesat structures, portions of the cubesat buses",
      "source_url": "http://mstl.atl.calpoly.edu/~workshop/archive/2023/presentations/2023_Day1_Session1_Ke.pdf"
    },
    {
      "type": "launched_on",
      "target": "International Space Station deployment, 29 December 2022 (NUTSAT)",
      "target_slug": null,
      "note": "NUTSAT, the mission Gran ties its productisation to, was deployed from the ISS",
      "quote": "launched in November 2022 and deployed into orbit on December 29, 2022, from the ISS",
      "source_url": "http://mstl.atl.calpoly.edu/~workshop/archive/2023/presentations/2023_Day1_Session1_Ke.pdf"
    }
  ],
  "not_published": "Gives no parts list, no fastener material or count, no anodize specification (type/class/thickness), no colour, no drawing or CAD link, and no part number. The 4 x PC104 mounting holes are mentioned but fastener hardware is not. More detail: Gran Systems publishes only a spec table per size: no parts list, fastener count or material, no rail dimensions or tolerances, no anodize type or class, no part numbers, no drawings or CAD, and no named customer satellite. The 1.5U/2U/3U weights are not monotonic (142 g, 415 g, 580 g) and are kept as printed. The 'Deployable Dimensions' rows (104 mm) are not explained on the pages. The carbon fibre option names no fibre or resin. NUTSAT (2U) is the only mission Gran links to its structure line, and only as productisation heritage, not as a flown 1U structure. Compatible dispensers (P-POD, NRCSD, ISIPOD, EXOpod) are not named for the structures; the MyPOD pods are Gran's own. More detail: Gran Systems publishes only a spec table per size: no parts list, fastener count or material, no rail dimensions or tolerances, no anodize type or class, no part numbers, no drawings or CAD, and no named customer satellite. The 1.5U/2U/3U weights are not monotonic (142 g, 415 g, 580 g) and are kept as printed. The 'Deployable Dimensions' rows (104 mm) are not explained on the pages. The carbon fibre option names no fibre or resin. NUTSAT (2U) is the only mission Gran links to its structure line, and only as productisation heritage, not as a flown 1U structure. Compatible dispensers (P-POD, NRCSD, ISIPOD, EXOpod) are not named for the structures; the MyPOD pods are Gran's own.",
  "depth": "partial",
  "photos": [
    {
      "file": "products/context/gran-systems-1u-structure-1.jpg",
      "alt": "Gold-anodised Gran Systems 1U CubeSat structure on a wooden table, seen through the open face",
      "long": "The gold-anodised 1U CubeSat structure on a wooden table, photographed straight on through the open face.",
      "kind": "product",
      "credit": "Gran Systems",
      "license": "Maker photo, shown with credit",
      "page_url": "https://gransystems.com/products/cubesat-structure/1UCubeStructure"
    },
    {
      "file": "products/context/gran-systems-1u-structure-2.jpg",
      "alt": "Gold-anodised Gran Systems 1U CubeSat structure at an angle with the top plate fitted",
      "long": "The same gold-anodised 1U structure seen at an angle, with the top plate fitted.",
      "kind": "product",
      "credit": "Gran Systems",
      "license": "Maker photo, shown with credit",
      "page_url": "https://gransystems.com/products/cubesat-structure/1UCubeStructure"
    },
    {
      "file": "products/context/gran-systems-1u-structure-3.jpg",
      "alt": "Seven colour-anodised Gran Systems CubeSat structures in blue, silver and gold on a dark surface",
      "long": "Seven Gran Systems CubeSat structures in blue, silver and gold anodising standing on a dark surface, with a small model satellite at the right.",
      "kind": "product",
      "credit": "Gran Systems",
      "license": "Maker photo, shown with credit",
      "page_url": "https://gransystems.com/"
    }
  ],
  "context": {
    "size": [
      "1U"
    ],
    "mass": [
      "Under 1 kg"
    ]
  },
  "licence": "Product data CC BY 4.0, cite Space Mushroom. Photos keep their own licences, given per photo.",
  "mcp": "https://spacemushroom.com/mcp"
}