{
  "id": "albertasat-icarus",
  "title": "Icarus CubeSat",
  "maker": "AlbertaSat",
  "maker_type": "University or open source",
  "kind": "satellite",
  "category": "structures",
  "page": "https://spacemushroom.com/space-products/albertasat-icarus/",
  "website": "https://albertasat.ca/open-source-designs/icarus/",
  "summary": "Open-source design page for the Icarus structure, a 100 x 100 x 340.5 mm CubeSat conforming to NanoRacks standards.",
  "application": "An open-source CubeSat structure design from the University of Alberta's AlbertaSat team. It follows the NanoRacks deployer standard and is a worked example for teams designing their own 3U frame.",
  "story": {
    "headline": "Icarus is an open-source aluminium frame for a 3U CubeSat, designed by AlbertaSat at the University of Alberta.",
    "intro": [
      "Icarus is the structure of a 3U CubeSat, a small satellite made of three standard units stacked end to end. AlbertaSat, the University of Alberta's satellite team, designed it in-house for its Ex-Alta 2 satellite. It is published as an open-source design that follows the NanoRacks deployer standard.",
      "The rails, ribs and rods are all 6061-T6 aluminium. Four rails run the length of the satellite and four ribs divide it into three units. Four rods carry the circuit boards. The solar panels fold out on hinges that began as an undergraduate engineering project."
    ],
    "built": [
      {
        "title": "Rails, ribs and rods",
        "text": "Each of the four rails is 340.5 mm long, plus or minus 0.1 mm, with a cross-section of at least 6 mm by 6 mm. The ribs sit about 100 mm apart. Each rod is threaded at both ends, and the circuit boards sit along it, separated by washers and spacers.",
        "parts": [
          "Rails",
          "Ribs (4)",
          "Rods (4), threaded both ends",
          "PCB spacers and washers on rods"
        ]
      },
      {
        "title": "Fasteners and ballast",
        "text": "HeliCoil thread inserts were chosen to avoid cold welding, where touching metal surfaces fuse together. Loctite locks the threads. Two ribs carry ballast weights, each a machined metal shell around a dense core, held by M2.5 fasteners. A soft silicone pad separates one ballast from an electronics board to prevent vibration damage.",
        "parts": [
          "Thread inserts",
          "Thread locking",
          "Ballasts",
          "Ballast fasteners",
          "Ballast vibration isolator"
        ]
      },
      {
        "title": "Folding solar panels",
        "text": "The solar panels fold out on aluminium hinges with springs, which the team machined in-house. The deployment mechanisms use 3D-printed PEEK, a high-performance plastic. The cells are Spectrolab XTJ-Prime gallium arsenide, stuck down with double-sided polyimide tape and electrically connected with silver epoxy.",
        "parts": [
          "Hinge bodies (deployable solar panels)",
          "Deployment-mechanism parts",
          "Cell-to-board tape",
          "Cell electrical connection"
        ]
      }
    ],
    "materials": [
      {
        "name": "Aluminium 6061-T6",
        "mid": "aluminium-6061",
        "where": "The rails, ribs and rods of the frame."
      },
      {
        "name": "Aluminium",
        "mid": "aluminium",
        "where": "The hinge bodies of the folding solar panels."
      },
      {
        "name": "PEEK",
        "mid": "peek",
        "where": "3D-printed parts in the deployment mechanisms."
      },
      {
        "name": "Gallium arsenide",
        "mid": "gallium-arsenide",
        "where": "The solar cells, made by Spectrolab."
      },
      {
        "name": "Silver epoxy",
        "mid": "silver-epoxy",
        "where": "The electrical connections between the solar cells and the board."
      },
      {
        "name": "Space-grade silicone",
        "mid": "silicone-space-grade",
        "where": "A soft pad that protects an electronics board from a ballast weight's vibration, and the adhesive on the tape under the solar cells."
      }
    ],
    "connections": "AlbertaSat designed Icarus in-house for Ex-Alta 2, its 3U CubeSat, and says this cut the cost of construction. The solar panels on Ex-Alta 2 are a separate design called Hyperion, described in their own design document. Texas Instruments supplies the panels' temperature sensors, and Molex their connector. The frame meets the NanoRacks CubeSat Deployer.",
    "unknown": "No design files, drawings or full list of parts for Icarus are published. The page does not say how the ribs and rods are finished, what the screws are made of, or which grades of Loctite and silicone are used. The ballast metals are not named either.",
    "facts": [
      {
        "label": "External dimensions",
        "value": "100 x 100 x 340.5 mm (NanoRacks standard)"
      },
      {
        "label": "Mass",
        "value": "0.306 kg"
      },
      {
        "label": "Rail length",
        "value": "340.50 mm +/- 0.1 mm"
      },
      {
        "label": "Rail cross-section (minimum)",
        "value": "6 x 6 mm"
      },
      {
        "label": "Rib spacing",
        "value": "about 100 mm"
      },
      {
        "label": "Solar panel mass",
        "value": "50 g"
      }
    ]
  },
  "specifications": [
    {
      "label": "External dimensions",
      "value": "100 x 100 x 340.5 mm (NanoRacks standard)",
      "source_url": "https://albertasat.ca/open-source-designs/icarus/",
      "quote": "External Dimensions of 100mm x 100mm x 340.5mm (Conforming to the standards laid out by NanoRacks)"
    },
    {
      "label": "Mass",
      "value": "0.306 kg",
      "source_url": "https://albertasat.ca/open-source-designs/icarus/",
      "quote": "Mass of 0.306kg"
    },
    {
      "label": "Rail length",
      "value": "340.50 mm +/- 0.1 mm",
      "source_url": "https://albertasat.ca/open-source-designs/icarus/",
      "quote": "Length of 340.50mm (+/-0.1mm)"
    },
    {
      "label": "Rail minimum width",
      "value": "6 mm on x and y faces",
      "source_url": "https://albertasat.ca/open-source-designs/icarus/",
      "quote": "Minimum width of 6mm on x & y faces"
    },
    {
      "label": "Rail minimum cross-section",
      "value": "6 x 6 mm",
      "source_url": "https://albertasat.ca/open-source-designs/icarus/",
      "quote": "minimum cross section of 6mm x 6mm"
    },
    {
      "label": "Rail fillet radius",
      "value": "0.5 mm +/- 0.1 mm",
      "source_url": "https://albertasat.ca/open-source-designs/icarus/",
      "quote": "Fillet Radius of 0.5mm +/- 0.1mm"
    },
    {
      "label": "Rib spacing",
      "value": "about 100 mm",
      "source_url": "https://albertasat.ca/open-source-designs/icarus/",
      "quote": "The separation between each rib will be close to 100mm"
    },
    {
      "label": "Rod end thread",
      "value": "7 mm threaded ends",
      "source_url": "https://albertasat.ca/open-source-designs/icarus/",
      "quote": "7mm (anti-ram) threaded ends on rods"
    },
    {
      "label": "Solar panel thickness",
      "value": "2 mm",
      "source_url": "https://albertasat.ca/open-source-designs/icarus/",
      "quote": "Solar panels are 2mm thick"
    },
    {
      "label": "Solar panel area",
      "value": "60 cm2",
      "source_url": "https://albertasat.ca/open-source-designs/icarus/",
      "quote": "60cm 2 in surface area"
    },
    {
      "label": "Solar panel mass",
      "value": "50 g",
      "source_url": "https://albertasat.ca/open-source-designs/icarus/",
      "quote": "Weight of 50g"
    },
    {
      "label": "Ballast fastener thread",
      "value": "M2.5",
      "source_url": "https://albertasat.ca/open-source-designs/icarus/",
      "quote": "Fasteners are standard m2.5 thread"
    }
  ],
  "features": [
    {
      "text": "4 rails interface with the NanoRacks CubeSat deployer",
      "source_url": "https://albertasat.ca/open-source-designs/icarus/",
      "quote": "4 rails interfacing with the NanoRacks CubeSat Deployer"
    },
    {
      "text": "Four ribs divide the CubeSat into 3 units",
      "source_url": "https://albertasat.ca/open-source-designs/icarus/",
      "quote": "The four ribs essentially divide the cubsate into 3 units"
    },
    {
      "text": "Four rods hold the PCBs, threaded at each end",
      "source_url": "https://albertasat.ca/open-source-designs/icarus/",
      "quote": "Each rod is threaded at each end to interface with the standoff and anti-ram rib"
    },
    {
      "text": "Deployable solar panels: 2 arrays of 3 cells each",
      "source_url": "https://albertasat.ca/open-source-designs/icarus/",
      "quote": "Made up of 2 solar arrays consisting of 3 solar cells each"
    },
    {
      "text": "Designed in house for Ex-Alta 2, cutting construction cost",
      "source_url": "https://albertasat.ca/open-source-designs/icarus/",
      "quote": "costs associated with the construction were drastically reduced"
    },
    {
      "text": "Rails kept bare and continuous",
      "source_url": "https://albertasat.ca/open-source-designs/icarus/",
      "quote": "Completely bare with minimum cross section of 6mm x 6mm"
    },
    {
      "text": "Ballasts attached to the ram and anti-ram ribs",
      "source_url": "https://albertasat.ca/open-source-designs/icarus/",
      "quote": "Ballasts are attached to the ram and anti-ram ribs"
    }
  ],
  "parts": [
    {
      "assembly": "Structure (Icarus 3U bus)",
      "parts": [
        {
          "part": "Rails",
          "material": "Aluminum 6061 T6",
          "form": "rail, 340.5 mm",
          "finish": "completely bare",
          "standard": null,
          "hardware_ref": null,
          "quote": "Completely bare with minimum cross section of 6mm x 6mm",
          "source_url": "https://albertasat.ca/open-source-designs/icarus/",
          "profile": "aluminium-6061",
          "mid": "aluminium-6061"
        },
        {
          "part": "Rails (material statement)",
          "material": "Aluminum 6061 T6",
          "form": "rail",
          "finish": null,
          "standard": null,
          "hardware_ref": null,
          "quote": "It will be used to form the ribs, rails, and rods of the Icarus bus",
          "source_url": "https://albertasat.ca/open-source-designs/icarus/",
          "profile": "aluminium-6061",
          "mid": "aluminium-6061"
        },
        {
          "part": "Ribs (4)",
          "material": "Aluminum 6061 T6",
          "form": "rib",
          "finish": null,
          "standard": null,
          "hardware_ref": null,
          "quote": "Four ribs will support and connect the rails of the bus structure together",
          "source_url": "https://albertasat.ca/open-source-designs/icarus/",
          "profile": "aluminium-6061",
          "mid": "aluminium-6061"
        },
        {
          "part": "Rods (4), threaded both ends",
          "material": "Aluminum 6061 T6",
          "form": "rod",
          "finish": null,
          "standard": null,
          "hardware_ref": null,
          "quote": "Each rod is threaded at each end to interface with the standoff and anti-ram rib",
          "source_url": "https://albertasat.ca/open-source-designs/icarus/",
          "profile": "aluminium-6061",
          "mid": "aluminium-6061"
        },
        {
          "part": "Hinge bodies (deployable solar panels)",
          "material": "aluminum",
          "form": "machined hinge with spring",
          "finish": "anodized alongside the rest of the mechanical chassis",
          "standard": null,
          "hardware_ref": null,
          "quote": "These hinges were machined in-house and anodized alongside the rest of the mechanical chassis.",
          "source_url": "https://arxiv.org/abs/2407.19356",
          "profile": "aluminium",
          "mid": "aluminium"
        },
        {
          "part": "Hinge bodies (statement of material)",
          "material": "aluminum",
          "form": "hinge",
          "finish": null,
          "standard": null,
          "hardware_ref": null,
          "quote": "aluminum hinges with springs, designed by a mechanical engineering undergraduate capstone project",
          "source_url": "https://arxiv.org/abs/2407.19356",
          "profile": "aluminium",
          "mid": "aluminium"
        },
        {
          "part": "Deployment-mechanism parts",
          "material": "PEEK",
          "form": "3D-printed part",
          "finish": null,
          "standard": null,
          "hardware_ref": null,
          "quote": "PEEK parts were used in the deployment mechanisms.",
          "source_url": "https://arxiv.org/abs/2407.19356",
          "profile": "peek",
          "mid": "peek"
        },
        {
          "part": "Thread inserts",
          "material": "HeliCoil (insert alloy not named)",
          "form": "thread insert",
          "finish": null,
          "standard": null,
          "hardware_ref": null,
          "quote": "HeliCoils selected based on criterion to avoid cold welding",
          "source_url": "https://albertasat.ca/open-source-designs/icarus/",
          "profile": null,
          "mid": null
        },
        {
          "part": "Thread locking",
          "material": "Loctite (grade not named)",
          "form": "adhesive",
          "finish": null,
          "standard": null,
          "hardware_ref": null,
          "quote": "Used in tandem with HeliCoils & Loctite",
          "source_url": "https://albertasat.ca/open-source-designs/icarus/",
          "profile": null,
          "mid": "loctite-adhesive"
        },
        {
          "part": "Ballast fasteners",
          "material": "standard m2.5 thread (alloy not named)",
          "form": "fastener",
          "finish": null,
          "standard": null,
          "hardware_ref": null,
          "quote": "Fasteners are standard m2.5 thread",
          "source_url": "https://albertasat.ca/open-source-designs/icarus/",
          "profile": null,
          "mid": null
        },
        {
          "part": "Ballasts",
          "material": "machined metal shell with high-density core (metals not named)",
          "form": "ballast",
          "finish": null,
          "standard": null,
          "hardware_ref": null,
          "quote": "The ballasts consist of a machined metal shell with a high-density core.",
          "source_url": "https://albertasat.ca/open-source-designs/icarus/",
          "profile": null,
          "mid": null
        },
        {
          "part": "Ballast vibration isolator",
          "material": "soft space-grade silicone",
          "form": "pad",
          "finish": null,
          "standard": null,
          "hardware_ref": null,
          "quote": "A soft space-grade silicone material is used to separate ram ballast from Arke UHF phasing board to prevent vibrational damage",
          "source_url": "https://albertasat.ca/open-source-designs/icarus/",
          "profile": null,
          "mid": "silicone-space-grade"
        },
        {
          "part": "PCB spacers and washers on rods",
          "material": "(material not named)",
          "form": "washer/spacer",
          "finish": null,
          "standard": null,
          "hardware_ref": null,
          "quote": "Washers and Spacers separate PCBs on the rod",
          "source_url": "https://albertasat.ca/open-source-designs/icarus/",
          "profile": null,
          "mid": null
        },
        {
          "part": "Screws (compliance note)",
          "material": "300 series steel (stated as 'will likely be')",
          "form": "screw",
          "finish": null,
          "standard": "MSFC-SPEC-522 Table I",
          "hardware_ref": null,
          "quote": "All screws used will likely be 300 series steel, which is on Table I.",
          "source_url": "https://github.com/AlbertaSat/ex2_hyperion_solar_panel_hardware/blob/master/Documentation/TX2-PW-387-Ver.%200.12%20Hyperion%20Detailed%20Design.pdf",
          "profile": null,
          "mid": "steel-300-series"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "assembly": "Deployable and body solar panels (Hyperion, Ex-Alta 2)",
      "parts": [
        {
          "part": "Solar cell (6 per panel, 6S1P)",
          "material": "Spectrolab XTJ-Prime (GaAs)",
          "form": "cell, 225 um thick",
          "finish": "bare cell with integrated bypass diode",
          "standard": null,
          "hardware_ref": "Spectrolab XTJ-Prime",
          "quote": "Spectrolab’s XTJ-Prime Solar Cells have been selected as Hyperion’s power generation component",
          "source_url": "https://github.com/AlbertaSat/ex2_hyperion_solar_panel_hardware/blob/master/Documentation/TX2-PW-387-Ver.%200.12%20Hyperion%20Detailed%20Design.pdf",
          "profile": null,
          "mid": "spectrolab-xte-sf-solar-cell"
        },
        {
          "part": "Solar cell type (paper)",
          "material": "GaAs",
          "form": "cell",
          "finish": null,
          "standard": null,
          "hardware_ref": "Spectrolab XTJ-Prime",
          "quote": "housing six of Spectrolab’s GaAs XTJ-Prime solar cells",
          "source_url": "https://arxiv.org/abs/2407.19356",
          "profile": "gallium-arsenide",
          "mid": "gallium-arsenide"
        },
        {
          "part": "Cell-to-board tape",
          "material": "double-sided polyimide (Kapton) tape with silicone adhesive, 5 mil",
          "form": "tape",
          "finish": null,
          "standard": null,
          "hardware_ref": "CAPLINQ PIT2SD",
          "quote": "Specifically, we used the CAPLINQ PIT2SD,",
          "source_url": "https://arxiv.org/abs/2407.19356",
          "profile": null,
          "mid": "silicone-space-grade"
        },
        {
          "part": "Cell electrical connection",
          "material": "silver epoxy",
          "form": "conductive adhesive",
          "finish": null,
          "standard": null,
          "hardware_ref": "EPO-TEK H20E",
          "quote": "EPO-TEK H20E silver epoxy.",
          "source_url": "https://arxiv.org/abs/2407.19356",
          "profile": null,
          "mid": "silver-epoxy"
        },
        {
          "part": "Lower-outgassing tape recommended for stricter projects",
          "material": "NuSil double-sided polyimide tape",
          "form": "tape",
          "finish": null,
          "standard": null,
          "hardware_ref": "NuSil CV4-1161-5",
          "quote": "requirements, we recommend using NuSil CV4-1161-5",
          "source_url": "https://arxiv.org/abs/2407.19356",
          "profile": "pi-kapton-hn",
          "mid": "pi-kapton-hn"
        },
        {
          "part": "Cell application (Hyperion document)",
          "material": "polyimide tape, double-sided Kapton tape, silver epoxy",
          "form": "tape/adhesive",
          "finish": null,
          "standard": null,
          "hardware_ref": null,
          "quote": "The solar cells are applied to the substrate using a combination of polyimide tape and double-sided",
          "source_url": "https://github.com/AlbertaSat/ex2_hyperion_solar_panel_hardware/blob/master/Documentation/TX2-PW-387-Ver.%200.12%20Hyperion%20Detailed%20Design.pdf",
          "profile": null,
          "mid": "silver-epoxy"
        },
        {
          "part": "Burnwire line",
          "material": "Dyneema thread",
          "form": "thread",
          "finish": null,
          "standard": null,
          "hardware_ref": "BSBFS10-22",
          "quote": "Dyneema thread (Berkley Solutions Braid (BSBFS10-22), melting point of ~130 °C)",
          "source_url": "https://github.com/AlbertaSat/ex2_hyperion_solar_panel_hardware/blob/master/Documentation/TX2-PW-387-Ver.%200.12%20Hyperion%20Detailed%20Design.pdf",
          "profile": "dyneema-spectra-hmpe-fibre",
          "mid": "dyneema-spectra-hmpe-fibre"
        },
        {
          "part": "Burnwire resistor",
          "material": "flame resistant metal film resistor, 10 ohm",
          "form": "resistor",
          "finish": null,
          "standard": null,
          "hardware_ref": "CPF110R000FKEE6",
          "quote": "Flame Resistant Metal Film Resistors (CPF110R000FKEE6, R-13)",
          "source_url": "https://github.com/AlbertaSat/ex2_hyperion_solar_panel_hardware/blob/master/Documentation/TX2-PW-387-Ver.%200.12%20Hyperion%20Detailed%20Design.pdf",
          "profile": null,
          "mid": null
        },
        {
          "part": "PCB substrate for cells and electronics",
          "material": "(laminate not named)",
          "form": "PCB",
          "finish": null,
          "standard": null,
          "hardware_ref": null,
          "quote": "The substrate that these cells are applied to can be seen in the following figures",
          "source_url": "https://github.com/AlbertaSat/ex2_hyperion_solar_panel_hardware/blob/master/Documentation/TX2-PW-387-Ver.%200.12%20Hyperion%20Detailed%20Design.pdf",
          "profile": null,
          "mid": null
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "assembly": "Solar panel electronic components (Hyperion)",
      "parts": [
        {
          "part": "Temperature sensor (3 per panel)",
          "material": null,
          "form": "electronic component",
          "finish": null,
          "standard": null,
          "hardware_ref": "LMT70YFQR",
          "quote": "The temperature sensor selected for the solar panels is the LMT70YFQR made by Texas Instruments (TI).",
          "source_url": "https://github.com/AlbertaSat/ex2_hyperion_solar_panel_hardware/blob/master/Documentation/TX2-PW-387-Ver.%200.12%20Hyperion%20Detailed%20Design.pdf",
          "profile": null,
          "mid": null
        },
        {
          "part": "Sun sensor photodiode (3 per panel)",
          "material": null,
          "form": "electronic component",
          "finish": null,
          "standard": null,
          "hardware_ref": "PDB-C160SM",
          "quote": "The photodiode selected as the sun sensor is the Advanced Photonics PDB-C160SM (R-10).",
          "source_url": "https://github.com/AlbertaSat/ex2_hyperion_solar_panel_hardware/blob/master/Documentation/TX2-PW-387-Ver.%200.12%20Hyperion%20Detailed%20Design.pdf",
          "profile": null,
          "mid": null
        },
        {
          "part": "Current-sense amplifier",
          "material": null,
          "form": "electronic component",
          "finish": null,
          "standard": null,
          "hardware_ref": "OPA2333PIDSGR",
          "quote": "The sensor uses an OPA2333PIDSGR (R-11) amplifier",
          "source_url": "https://github.com/AlbertaSat/ex2_hyperion_solar_panel_hardware/blob/master/Documentation/TX2-PW-387-Ver.%200.12%20Hyperion%20Detailed%20Design.pdf",
          "profile": null,
          "mid": null
        },
        {
          "part": "12-bit I2C ADC",
          "material": null,
          "form": "electronic component",
          "finish": null,
          "standard": null,
          "hardware_ref": "AD7291TCPZ-EP",
          "quote": "The ADC selected is the 12-Bit AD7291TCPZ-EP I2C (R-12)",
          "source_url": "https://github.com/AlbertaSat/ex2_hyperion_solar_panel_hardware/blob/master/Documentation/TX2-PW-387-Ver.%200.12%20Hyperion%20Detailed%20Design.pdf",
          "profile": null,
          "mid": null
        },
        {
          "part": "Deployment-state switch (SPDT)",
          "material": null,
          "form": "electronic component",
          "finish": null,
          "standard": null,
          "hardware_ref": "PANA-AV4424",
          "quote": "the design uses SPDT switches (PANA-AV4424)",
          "source_url": "https://github.com/AlbertaSat/ex2_hyperion_solar_panel_hardware/blob/master/Documentation/TX2-PW-387-Ver.%200.12%20Hyperion%20Detailed%20Design.pdf",
          "profile": null,
          "mid": null
        },
        {
          "part": "Panel header",
          "material": null,
          "form": "connector",
          "finish": null,
          "standard": null,
          "hardware_ref": null,
          "quote": "The PicoLock Header manufactured by Molex has been selected.",
          "source_url": "https://github.com/AlbertaSat/ex2_hyperion_solar_panel_hardware/blob/master/Documentation/TX2-PW-387-Ver.%200.12%20Hyperion%20Detailed%20Design.pdf",
          "profile": null,
          "mid": null
        }
      ]
    }
  ],
  "materials": [
    {
      "id": "aluminium-6061",
      "name": "Aluminum 6061 T6",
      "material_page": "https://spacemushroom.com/profiles/aluminium-6061/"
    },
    {
      "id": "aluminium",
      "name": "aluminum",
      "material_page": "https://spacemushroom.com/profiles/aluminium/"
    },
    {
      "id": "peek",
      "name": "PEEK",
      "material_page": "https://spacemushroom.com/profiles/peek/"
    },
    {
      "id": "loctite-adhesive",
      "name": "Loctite (grade not named)",
      "material_page": null
    },
    {
      "id": "silicone-space-grade",
      "name": "double-sided polyimide (Kapton) tape with silicone adhesive, 5 mil",
      "material_page": null
    },
    {
      "id": "steel-300-series",
      "name": "300 series steel (stated as 'will likely be')",
      "material_page": null
    },
    {
      "id": "spectrolab-xte-sf-solar-cell",
      "name": "Spectrolab XTJ-Prime (GaAs)",
      "material_page": null
    },
    {
      "id": "gallium-arsenide",
      "name": "GaAs",
      "material_page": "https://spacemushroom.com/profiles/gallium-arsenide/"
    },
    {
      "id": "silver-epoxy",
      "name": "polyimide tape, double-sided Kapton tape, silver epoxy",
      "material_page": null
    },
    {
      "id": "pi-kapton-hn",
      "name": "NuSil double-sided polyimide tape",
      "material_page": "https://spacemushroom.com/profiles/pi-kapton-hn/"
    },
    {
      "id": "dyneema-spectra-hmpe-fibre",
      "name": "Dyneema thread",
      "material_page": "https://spacemushroom.com/profiles/dyneema-spectra-hmpe-fibre/"
    }
  ],
  "standards": [
    {
      "name": "NanoRacks CubeSat Deployer interface (NR-NRCSD-S0003)",
      "org": "other",
      "used_for": "Envelope, rails and requirements the Icarus bus conforms to"
    },
    {
      "name": "NASA outgassing guidelines (TML <= 1.0 %, CVCM <= 0.1 %)",
      "org": "other",
      "used_for": "Selection of non-metallic materials for Ex-Alta 2 (test standard not named)"
    },
    {
      "name": "MSFC-SPEC-522 Table I",
      "org": "other",
      "used_for": "Stress-corrosion-resistant material selection (screws)"
    },
    {
      "name": "SSP 30245",
      "org": "other",
      "used_for": "Electrical bonding of spacecraft components"
    }
  ],
  "relations": [],
  "not_published": "No Icarus CAD, drawing or BOM is published (no Icarus repository under github.com/AlbertaSat). Missing: anodize/finish spec for ribs and rods (the page calls rails completely bare while the paper says hinges were anodized with the chassis, and these are not reconciled), HeliCoil alloy, Loctite grade, ballast metals, silicone grade, washer/spacer and fastener alloys, hinge spring material, solar panel PCB laminate, finish, solder and mask (Altium .PcbDoc files are binary and no fabrication notes are in the repo), connector part numbers (PicoLock has no MPN), and the Ex-Alta 2 Prometheus battery board cells and Atlas EPS parts (Altium schematics only). The Icarus page describes panels as 2 arrays of 3 cells while the Hyperion document uses 6 cells per panel; the difference is not explained. Solar-panel and component lines are from Ex-Alta 2's Hyperion boards, which fly on the Icarus structure but are documented separately. The design review TX2-MC-127 Ex-Alta 2 Icarus Design CDR is referenced by the Hyperion document but not public.",
  "depth": "partial",
  "photos": [
    {
      "file": "products/context/albertasat-icarus-1.jpg",
      "alt": "Three CubeSat assemblies on stands inside a thermal-vacuum chamber, with solar panels and red circuit boards visible",
      "long": "Three CubeSat assemblies on plastic stands on the metal plate of a thermal-vacuum chamber, with dark solar-cell panels, red circuit boards and threaded rods visible. This is AlbertaSat flight hardware from the Ex-Alta 2 programme, the 3U CubeSat the Icarus design is meant to be used with.",
      "kind": "context",
      "context": "Ex-Alta 2 flight hardware",
      "credit": "Sorensen and Halliwell, AlbertaSat",
      "license": "CC BY 4.0",
      "page_url": "https://arxiv.org/abs/2407.19356"
    },
    {
      "file": "products/context/albertasat-icarus-2.jpg",
      "alt": "Six top-down photos of solar-panel faces on assembled flight CubeSats, with HYPERION printed on the boards",
      "long": "A grid of six top-down photographs of the solar-panel faces of assembled flight CubeSats from AlbertaSat's Ex-Alta 2 programme, showing rows of dark solar cells on black circuit boards, hinges, springs and wires.",
      "kind": "context",
      "context": "Ex-Alta 2 flight hardware",
      "credit": "Sorensen and Halliwell, AlbertaSat",
      "license": "CC BY 4.0",
      "page_url": "https://arxiv.org/abs/2407.19356"
    }
  ],
  "context": {
    "size": [
      "3U"
    ],
    "mass": [
      "Under 1 kg"
    ]
  },
  "licence": "Product data CC BY 4.0, cite Space Mushroom. Photos keep their own licences, given per photo.",
  "mcp": "https://spacemushroom.com/mcp"
}