{
  "spore": "profile",
  "id": "zirconium-copper-c15000",
  "spore_version": "0.2",
  "family": "copper-alloys",
  "name": "Zirconium copper C15000 (CuZr, CW120C)",
  "abbreviation": "CuZr",
  "role": "age-hardening high-conductivity copper alloy for wire, rod and resistance-welding electrodes",
  "category": "metals",
  "type": "copper-alloys",
  "summary": "Zirconium copper C15000 (UNS C15000, EN name CW120C, ISO name CuZr) is copper with 0.1 to 0.2 wt% zirconium that is age-hardened for wire and rod. The AMZIRC wire data page from LFA Wire lists a density of 8.89 g/cm3 at 20 °C and an electrical conductivity of 93 %IACS when aged, with tensile strength from 241 MPa when annealed to 496 MPa in spring temper. The supplier says these values are for reference only and are not part of specification.\n",
  "best_for": "Current-carrying wire and resistance-welding electrodes that must keep their strength through heating: 93 %IACS when aged, per the supplier",
  "weakest_at": "Strength on long heating: tensile strength falls from 67.5 KSI to 62 KSI after 50 h at 400 °C in the supplier's test",
  "identity": {
    "formula": "Copper (balance) with 0.1 to 0.2 wt% zirconium, precipitation hardened; EN name CuZr (ISO name CuZr)",
    "designations": [
      {
        "system": "UNS",
        "code": "C15000",
        "source": "lfawire",
        "where": "Product title, ZIRCONIUM COPPER, C15000, AMZIRC"
      },
      {
        "system": "EN name",
        "code": "CW120C",
        "source": "totalmateria-cw120c",
        "where": "Page title and heading, EN CW120C Copper Alloys (standard line EN 12163: 2024, rod for general purposes)"
      },
      {
        "system": "ISO",
        "code": "CuZr",
        "source": "totalmateria-cw120c",
        "where": "International equivalents table, row CuZr (ISO)"
      },
      {
        "system": "Trade name",
        "code": "AMZIRC",
        "source": "lfawire",
        "where": "Product title"
      }
    ],
    "source": "lfawire",
    "where": "Product title and composition rows of the LFA Wire C15000 page (Zirconium 0.10 minimum, 0.20 maximum); the Zr range 0.1 – 0.2 is also printed in the composition table of the Total Materia EN CW120C page"
  },
  "tags": {
    "environments": [],
    "stresses": [],
    "applications": [
      "electronics-and-chips",
      "thermal-control",
      "mechanisms"
    ]
  },
  "properties": [
    {
      "benchmark": "density",
      "label": "Density, zirconium copper C15000 (AMZIRC wire)",
      "value": 8.89,
      "bound": "exact",
      "unit": "g/cm3",
      "scope": "material",
      "conditions": {
        "grade": "C15000 (AMZIRC)",
        "temperature": "20 °C",
        "unit_in_source": "8.89 g/cm³ at 20 °C; 0.321 lb/cu in at 68 °F"
      },
      "method": "Value printed in a supplier product data page, which states the values are for reference only and not part of specification",
      "status": "ground",
      "source": "lfawire",
      "where": "Physical properties list, row Density",
      "source_detail": {
        "title": "LFA Wire, Zirconium Copper Wire, C15000 (AMZIRC) product data page",
        "url": "https://www.lfawire.com/?p=179",
        "kind": "datasheet",
        "license": "Supplier product page (cited, not reproduced); states values are for reference only"
      }
    },
    {
      "benchmark": "melting_point",
      "label": "Melting range, zirconium copper C15000",
      "value": 980,
      "value_high": 1080,
      "bound": "range",
      "unit": "°C",
      "scope": "material",
      "conditions": {
        "grade": "C15000 (AMZIRC)",
        "unit_in_source": "1795–1975 °F"
      },
      "method": "Range printed in a supplier product data page",
      "status": "ground",
      "source": "lfawire",
      "where": "Physical properties list, row Melting range",
      "source_detail": {
        "title": "LFA Wire, Zirconium Copper Wire, C15000 (AMZIRC) product data page",
        "url": "https://www.lfawire.com/?p=179",
        "kind": "datasheet",
        "license": "Supplier product page (cited, not reproduced); states values are for reference only"
      }
    },
    {
      "benchmark": "electrical_conductivity",
      "label": "Electrical conductivity, zirconium copper C15000, aged",
      "value": 93,
      "bound": "exact",
      "unit": "%IACS",
      "scope": "material",
      "conditions": {
        "grade": "C15000 (AMZIRC)",
        "condition": "aged",
        "temperature": "68 °F (20 °C)",
        "unit_in_source": "93% Copper IACS at 68 °F"
      },
      "method": "Value printed in a supplier product data page, which states the values are for reference only",
      "status": "ground",
      "source": "lfawire",
      "where": "Physical properties list, row Electrical conductivity (aged)",
      "source_detail": {
        "title": "LFA Wire, Zirconium Copper Wire, C15000 (AMZIRC) product data page",
        "url": "https://www.lfawire.com/?p=179",
        "kind": "datasheet",
        "license": "Supplier product page (cited, not reproduced); states values are for reference only"
      }
    },
    {
      "benchmark": "electrical_resistivity",
      "label": "Electrical resistivity, zirconium copper C15000, aged",
      "value": 1.86,
      "bound": "exact",
      "unit": "microhm-cm",
      "scope": "material",
      "conditions": {
        "grade": "C15000 (AMZIRC)",
        "condition": "aged",
        "temperature": "20 °C",
        "unit_in_source": "1.86 microhm-cm at 20 °C; 11.2 ohm circ mil/ft at 68 °F"
      },
      "method": "Value printed in a supplier product data page",
      "status": "ground",
      "source": "lfawire",
      "where": "Physical properties list, row Electrical resistivity (aged)",
      "source_detail": {
        "title": "LFA Wire, Zirconium Copper Wire, C15000 (AMZIRC) product data page",
        "url": "https://www.lfawire.com/?p=179",
        "kind": "datasheet",
        "license": "Supplier product page (cited, not reproduced); states values are for reference only"
      }
    },
    {
      "benchmark": "electrical_resistivity",
      "label": "Electrical resistivity, UNS C15000 (database entry)",
      "value": 0.0186,
      "bound": "exact",
      "unit": "Ω·mm²/m",
      "scope": "material",
      "conditions": {
        "grade": "UNS C15000",
        "temperature": "not stated in the database entry",
        "unit_in_source": "0.0186 Ω∙mm²/m"
      },
      "method": "Value listed in the physical properties table of a materials database entry (full dataset requires free registration)",
      "status": "ground",
      "source": "totalmateria-c15000",
      "where": "Physical properties table, row Electrical Resistivity",
      "source_detail": {
        "title": "Total Materia, UNS C15000 Copper Alloys",
        "id": "UNS C15000",
        "url": "https://www.totalmateria.com/en-us/material/3034070",
        "kind": "database",
        "license": "Materials database entry (cited, not reproduced)"
      }
    },
    {
      "benchmark": "thermal_conductivity",
      "label": "Thermal conductivity, zirconium copper C15000 at 20 °C",
      "value": 0.876,
      "bound": "exact",
      "unit": "cal/sq cm/cm/sec/°C",
      "scope": "material",
      "conditions": {
        "grade": "C15000 (AMZIRC)",
        "temperature": "20 °C",
        "unit_in_source": "0.876 cal/sq cm/cm/sec/°C at 20 °C; 212 BTU/sq ft/ft/hr/°F at 68 °F"
      },
      "method": "Value printed in a supplier product data page",
      "status": "ground",
      "source": "lfawire",
      "where": "Physical properties list, row Thermal conductivity, 20 °C value",
      "source_detail": {
        "title": "LFA Wire, Zirconium Copper Wire, C15000 (AMZIRC) product data page",
        "url": "https://www.lfawire.com/?p=179",
        "kind": "datasheet",
        "license": "Supplier product page (cited, not reproduced); states values are for reference only"
      }
    },
    {
      "benchmark": "specific_heat",
      "label": "Specific heat, zirconium copper C15000 at 20 °C",
      "value": 0.092,
      "bound": "exact",
      "unit": "cal/gm/°C",
      "scope": "material",
      "conditions": {
        "grade": "C15000 (AMZIRC)",
        "temperature": "20 °C",
        "unit_in_source": "0.092 cal/gm/°C at 20 °C; 0.092 BTU/lb/°F at 68 °F"
      },
      "method": "Value printed in a supplier product data page",
      "status": "ground",
      "source": "lfawire",
      "where": "Physical properties list, row Specific heat",
      "source_detail": {
        "title": "LFA Wire, Zirconium Copper Wire, C15000 (AMZIRC) product data page",
        "url": "https://www.lfawire.com/?p=179",
        "kind": "datasheet",
        "license": "Supplier product page (cited, not reproduced); states values are for reference only"
      }
    },
    {
      "benchmark": "elastic_modulus",
      "label": "Modulus of elasticity in tension, zirconium copper C15000",
      "value": 18700,
      "bound": "exact",
      "unit": "KSI",
      "scope": "material",
      "conditions": {
        "grade": "C15000 (AMZIRC)",
        "mode": "tension",
        "unit_in_source": "18,700 KSI; 13,000 kg/sq mm"
      },
      "method": "Value printed in a supplier product data page",
      "status": "ground",
      "source": "lfawire",
      "where": "Physical properties list, row Modulus of elasticity (tension)",
      "source_detail": {
        "title": "LFA Wire, Zirconium Copper Wire, C15000 (AMZIRC) product data page",
        "url": "https://www.lfawire.com/?p=179",
        "kind": "datasheet",
        "license": "Supplier product page (cited, not reproduced); states values are for reference only"
      }
    },
    {
      "benchmark": "shear_modulus",
      "label": "Modulus of rigidity in torsion, zirconium copper C15000",
      "value": 7300,
      "bound": "exact",
      "unit": "KSI",
      "scope": "material",
      "conditions": {
        "grade": "C15000 (AMZIRC)",
        "mode": "torsion (modulus of rigidity)",
        "unit_in_source": "7,300 KSI; 5,000 kg/sq mm"
      },
      "method": "Value printed in a supplier product data page",
      "status": "ground",
      "source": "lfawire",
      "where": "Physical properties list, row Modulus of rigidity (torsion)",
      "source_detail": {
        "title": "LFA Wire, Zirconium Copper Wire, C15000 (AMZIRC) product data page",
        "url": "https://www.lfawire.com/?p=179",
        "kind": "datasheet",
        "license": "Supplier product page (cited, not reproduced); states values are for reference only"
      }
    },
    {
      "benchmark": "yield_strength",
      "label": "Yield strength, 2 % offset, round wire annealed temper",
      "value": 68,
      "bound": "exact",
      "unit": "MPa",
      "scope": "material",
      "conditions": {
        "grade": "C15000 (AMZIRC)",
        "temper": "annealed (A)",
        "form": "round and square wire",
        "aging": "750 °F (400 °C) for one hour",
        "unit_in_source": "10 (68) KSI (MPa)"
      },
      "method": "Value printed in a supplier product data page, mechanical table for round and square wire",
      "status": "ground",
      "source": "lfawire",
      "where": "Mechanical properties, round and square wire table, row Annealed (A), column 2% offset yield",
      "source_detail": {
        "title": "LFA Wire, Zirconium Copper Wire, C15000 (AMZIRC) product data page",
        "url": "https://www.lfawire.com/?p=179",
        "kind": "datasheet",
        "license": "Supplier product page (cited, not reproduced); states values are for reference only"
      }
    },
    {
      "benchmark": "yield_strength",
      "label": "Yield strength, 2 % offset, round wire half hard temper",
      "value": 365,
      "bound": "exact",
      "unit": "MPa",
      "scope": "material",
      "conditions": {
        "grade": "C15000 (AMZIRC)",
        "temper": "half hard (1/2H)",
        "form": "round and square wire",
        "aging": "750 °F (400 °C) for one hour",
        "unit_in_source": "53 (365) KSI (MPa)"
      },
      "method": "Value printed in a supplier product data page, mechanical table for round and square wire",
      "status": "ground",
      "source": "lfawire",
      "where": "Mechanical properties, round and square wire table, row Half Hard (1/2H), column 2% offset yield",
      "source_detail": {
        "title": "LFA Wire, Zirconium Copper Wire, C15000 (AMZIRC) product data page",
        "url": "https://www.lfawire.com/?p=179",
        "kind": "datasheet",
        "license": "Supplier product page (cited, not reproduced); states values are for reference only"
      }
    },
    {
      "benchmark": "yield_strength",
      "label": "Yield strength, 2 % offset, round wire hard temper",
      "value": 413,
      "bound": "exact",
      "unit": "MPa",
      "scope": "material",
      "conditions": {
        "grade": "C15000 (AMZIRC)",
        "temper": "hard (H)",
        "form": "round and square wire",
        "aging": "750 °F (400 °C) for one hour",
        "unit_in_source": "60 (413) KSI (MPa)"
      },
      "method": "Value printed in a supplier product data page, mechanical table for round and square wire",
      "status": "ground",
      "source": "lfawire",
      "where": "Mechanical properties, round and square wire table, row Hard (H), column 2% offset yield",
      "source_detail": {
        "title": "LFA Wire, Zirconium Copper Wire, C15000 (AMZIRC) product data page",
        "url": "https://www.lfawire.com/?p=179",
        "kind": "datasheet",
        "license": "Supplier product page (cited, not reproduced); states values are for reference only"
      }
    },
    {
      "benchmark": "yield_strength",
      "label": "Yield strength, 2 % offset, round wire spring temper",
      "value": 434,
      "bound": "exact",
      "unit": "MPa",
      "scope": "material",
      "conditions": {
        "grade": "C15000 (AMZIRC)",
        "temper": "spring",
        "form": "round and square wire",
        "aging": "750 °F (400 °C) for one hour",
        "unit_in_source": "63 (434) KSI (MPa)"
      },
      "method": "Value printed in a supplier product data page, mechanical table for round and square wire",
      "status": "ground",
      "source": "lfawire",
      "where": "Mechanical properties, round and square wire table, row Spring, column 2% offset yield",
      "source_detail": {
        "title": "LFA Wire, Zirconium Copper Wire, C15000 (AMZIRC) product data page",
        "url": "https://www.lfawire.com/?p=179",
        "kind": "datasheet",
        "license": "Supplier product page (cited, not reproduced); states values are for reference only"
      }
    },
    {
      "benchmark": "ultimate_tensile_strength",
      "label": "Tensile strength, round wire annealed temper",
      "value": 241,
      "bound": "exact",
      "unit": "MPa",
      "scope": "material",
      "conditions": {
        "grade": "C15000 (AMZIRC)",
        "temper": "annealed (A)",
        "form": "round and square wire",
        "aging": "750 °F (400 °C) for one hour",
        "unit_in_source": "35 (241) KSI (MPa)"
      },
      "method": "Value printed in a supplier product data page, mechanical table for round and square wire",
      "status": "ground",
      "source": "lfawire",
      "where": "Mechanical properties, round and square wire table, row Annealed (A), column Tensile",
      "source_detail": {
        "title": "LFA Wire, Zirconium Copper Wire, C15000 (AMZIRC) product data page",
        "url": "https://www.lfawire.com/?p=179",
        "kind": "datasheet",
        "license": "Supplier product page (cited, not reproduced); states values are for reference only"
      }
    },
    {
      "benchmark": "ultimate_tensile_strength",
      "label": "Tensile strength, round wire half hard temper",
      "value": 427,
      "bound": "exact",
      "unit": "MPa",
      "scope": "material",
      "conditions": {
        "grade": "C15000 (AMZIRC)",
        "temper": "half hard (1/2H)",
        "form": "round and square wire",
        "aging": "750 °F (400 °C) for one hour",
        "unit_in_source": "62 (427) KSI (MPa)"
      },
      "method": "Value printed in a supplier product data page, mechanical table for round and square wire",
      "status": "ground",
      "source": "lfawire",
      "where": "Mechanical properties, round and square wire table, row Half Hard (1/2H), column Tensile",
      "source_detail": {
        "title": "LFA Wire, Zirconium Copper Wire, C15000 (AMZIRC) product data page",
        "url": "https://www.lfawire.com/?p=179",
        "kind": "datasheet",
        "license": "Supplier product page (cited, not reproduced); states values are for reference only"
      }
    },
    {
      "benchmark": "ultimate_tensile_strength",
      "label": "Tensile strength, round wire hard temper",
      "value": 468,
      "bound": "exact",
      "unit": "MPa",
      "scope": "material",
      "conditions": {
        "grade": "C15000 (AMZIRC)",
        "temper": "hard (H)",
        "form": "round and square wire",
        "aging": "750 °F (400 °C) for one hour",
        "unit_in_source": "68 (468) KSI (MPa)"
      },
      "method": "Value printed in a supplier product data page, mechanical table for round and square wire",
      "status": "ground",
      "source": "lfawire",
      "where": "Mechanical properties, round and square wire table, row Hard (H), column Tensile",
      "source_detail": {
        "title": "LFA Wire, Zirconium Copper Wire, C15000 (AMZIRC) product data page",
        "url": "https://www.lfawire.com/?p=179",
        "kind": "datasheet",
        "license": "Supplier product page (cited, not reproduced); states values are for reference only"
      }
    },
    {
      "benchmark": "ultimate_tensile_strength",
      "label": "Tensile strength, round wire spring temper",
      "value": 496,
      "bound": "exact",
      "unit": "MPa",
      "scope": "material",
      "conditions": {
        "grade": "C15000 (AMZIRC)",
        "temper": "spring",
        "form": "round and square wire",
        "aging": "750 °F (400 °C) for one hour",
        "unit_in_source": "72 (496) KSI (MPa)"
      },
      "method": "Value printed in a supplier product data page, mechanical table for round and square wire",
      "status": "ground",
      "source": "lfawire",
      "where": "Mechanical properties, round and square wire table, row Spring, column Tensile",
      "source_detail": {
        "title": "LFA Wire, Zirconium Copper Wire, C15000 (AMZIRC) product data page",
        "url": "https://www.lfawire.com/?p=179",
        "kind": "datasheet",
        "license": "Supplier product page (cited, not reproduced); states values are for reference only"
      }
    },
    {
      "benchmark": "elongation",
      "label": "Elongation in 2 in / 50 mm, round wire annealed temper",
      "value": 55,
      "bound": "exact",
      "unit": "%",
      "scope": "material",
      "conditions": {
        "grade": "C15000 (AMZIRC)",
        "temper": "annealed (A)",
        "form": "round and square wire",
        "gauge_length": "2 in / 50 mm"
      },
      "method": "Value printed in a supplier product data page, mechanical table for round and square wire",
      "status": "ground",
      "source": "lfawire",
      "where": "Mechanical properties, round and square wire table, row Annealed (A), column Elongation",
      "source_detail": {
        "title": "LFA Wire, Zirconium Copper Wire, C15000 (AMZIRC) product data page",
        "url": "https://www.lfawire.com/?p=179",
        "kind": "datasheet",
        "license": "Supplier product page (cited, not reproduced); states values are for reference only"
      }
    },
    {
      "benchmark": "elongation",
      "label": "Elongation in 2 in / 50 mm, round wire half hard temper",
      "value": 11,
      "bound": "exact",
      "unit": "%",
      "scope": "material",
      "conditions": {
        "grade": "C15000 (AMZIRC)",
        "temper": "half hard (1/2H)",
        "form": "round and square wire",
        "gauge_length": "2 in / 50 mm"
      },
      "method": "Value printed in a supplier product data page, mechanical table for round and square wire",
      "status": "ground",
      "source": "lfawire",
      "where": "Mechanical properties, round and square wire table, row Half Hard (1/2H), column Elongation",
      "source_detail": {
        "title": "LFA Wire, Zirconium Copper Wire, C15000 (AMZIRC) product data page",
        "url": "https://www.lfawire.com/?p=179",
        "kind": "datasheet",
        "license": "Supplier product page (cited, not reproduced); states values are for reference only"
      }
    },
    {
      "benchmark": "elongation",
      "label": "Elongation in 2 in / 50 mm, round wire hard temper",
      "value": 10,
      "bound": "exact",
      "unit": "%",
      "scope": "material",
      "conditions": {
        "grade": "C15000 (AMZIRC)",
        "temper": "hard (H)",
        "form": "round and square wire",
        "gauge_length": "2 in / 50 mm"
      },
      "method": "Value printed in a supplier product data page, mechanical table for round and square wire",
      "status": "ground",
      "source": "lfawire",
      "where": "Mechanical properties, round and square wire table, row Hard (H), column Elongation",
      "source_detail": {
        "title": "LFA Wire, Zirconium Copper Wire, C15000 (AMZIRC) product data page",
        "url": "https://www.lfawire.com/?p=179",
        "kind": "datasheet",
        "license": "Supplier product page (cited, not reproduced); states values are for reference only"
      }
    },
    {
      "benchmark": "elongation",
      "label": "Elongation in 2 in / 50 mm, round wire spring temper",
      "value": 11,
      "bound": "exact",
      "unit": "%",
      "scope": "material",
      "conditions": {
        "grade": "C15000 (AMZIRC)",
        "temper": "spring",
        "form": "round and square wire",
        "gauge_length": "2 in / 50 mm"
      },
      "method": "Value printed in a supplier product data page, mechanical table for round and square wire",
      "status": "ground",
      "source": "lfawire",
      "where": "Mechanical properties, round and square wire table, row Spring, column Elongation",
      "source_detail": {
        "title": "LFA Wire, Zirconium Copper Wire, C15000 (AMZIRC) product data page",
        "url": "https://www.lfawire.com/?p=179",
        "kind": "datasheet",
        "license": "Supplier product page (cited, not reproduced); states values are for reference only"
      }
    },
    {
      "benchmark": "ultimate_tensile_strength",
      "label": "Tensile strength before 50 h at 400 °C, zirconium copper C15000",
      "value": 67.5,
      "bound": "exact",
      "unit": "KSI",
      "scope": "material",
      "conditions": {
        "grade": "C15000 (AMZIRC)",
        "exposure": "none (before exposure)",
        "reference_exposure": "50 h at 750 °F (400 °C)",
        "unit_in_source": "67.5 KSI (465 MPa) before exposure"
      },
      "method": "Value printed in a supplier product data page, tensile retention table",
      "status": "ground",
      "source": "lfawire",
      "where": "Tensile retention after 50 hours at high temperature, row 750 °F (400 °C), before exposure",
      "source_detail": {
        "title": "LFA Wire, Zirconium Copper Wire, C15000 (AMZIRC) product data page",
        "url": "https://www.lfawire.com/?p=179",
        "kind": "datasheet",
        "license": "Supplier product page (cited, not reproduced); states values are for reference only"
      }
    },
    {
      "benchmark": "ultimate_tensile_strength",
      "label": "Tensile strength after 50 h at 400 °C, zirconium copper C15000",
      "value": 62,
      "bound": "exact",
      "unit": "KSI",
      "scope": "material",
      "conditions": {
        "grade": "C15000 (AMZIRC)",
        "exposure": "50 h at 750 °F (400 °C)",
        "unit_in_source": "62 KSI after exposure"
      },
      "method": "Value printed in a supplier product data page, tensile retention table",
      "status": "ground",
      "source": "lfawire",
      "where": "Tensile retention after 50 hours at high temperature, row 750 °F (400 °C), after exposure",
      "source_detail": {
        "title": "LFA Wire, Zirconium Copper Wire, C15000 (AMZIRC) product data page",
        "url": "https://www.lfawire.com/?p=179",
        "kind": "datasheet",
        "license": "Supplier product page (cited, not reproduced); states values are for reference only"
      }
    },
    {
      "benchmark": "endurance_strength",
      "label": "Endurance strength, zirconium copper C15000",
      "value": 28,
      "bound": "exact",
      "unit": "KSI",
      "scope": "material",
      "conditions": {
        "grade": "C15000 (AMZIRC)",
        "cycles": "100,000,000"
      },
      "method": "Value printed in a supplier product data page, endurance strength entry",
      "status": "ground",
      "source": "lfawire",
      "where": "Endurance strength entry, row Zirconium copper, 100,000,000 cycles",
      "source_detail": {
        "title": "LFA Wire, Zirconium Copper Wire, C15000 (AMZIRC) product data page",
        "url": "https://www.lfawire.com/?p=179",
        "kind": "datasheet",
        "license": "Supplier product page (cited, not reproduced); states values are for reference only"
      }
    },
    {
      "benchmark": "aging_temperature",
      "label": "Aging temperature, annealed zirconium copper C15000",
      "value": 500,
      "value_high": 550,
      "bound": "range",
      "unit": "°C",
      "scope": "material",
      "conditions": {
        "grade": "C15000 (AMZIRC)",
        "condition": "annealed material",
        "duration": "1 to 4 hr",
        "unit_in_source": "930–1020 °F (500–550 °C) for 1–4 hr"
      },
      "method": "Range printed in a supplier product data page, heat treatment entry",
      "status": "ground",
      "source": "lfawire",
      "where": "Aging temperature entry, annealed material",
      "source_detail": {
        "title": "LFA Wire, Zirconium Copper Wire, C15000 (AMZIRC) product data page",
        "url": "https://www.lfawire.com/?p=179",
        "kind": "datasheet",
        "license": "Supplier product page (cited, not reproduced); states values are for reference only"
      }
    },
    {
      "benchmark": "aging_temperature",
      "label": "Aging temperature, hard zirconium copper C15000",
      "value": 370,
      "value_high": 475,
      "bound": "range",
      "unit": "°C",
      "scope": "material",
      "conditions": {
        "grade": "C15000 (AMZIRC)",
        "condition": "hard material",
        "duration": "1 to 4 hr",
        "unit_in_source": "700–890 °F (370–475 °C) for 1–4 hr"
      },
      "method": "Range printed in a supplier product data page, heat treatment entry",
      "status": "ground",
      "source": "lfawire",
      "where": "Aging temperature entry, hard material",
      "source_detail": {
        "title": "LFA Wire, Zirconium Copper Wire, C15000 (AMZIRC) product data page",
        "url": "https://www.lfawire.com/?p=179",
        "kind": "datasheet",
        "license": "Supplier product page (cited, not reproduced); states values are for reference only"
      }
    }
  ],
  "corrosion": [],
  "risks": {
    "hazards": [],
    "failure_risks": [
      {
        "mode": "Loss of tensile strength during long heating",
        "trigger": "Exposure at 750 °F (400 °C) for 50 h",
        "consequence": "The supplier's tensile retention test gives 67.5 KSI before exposure and 62 KSI after exposure. The sources give no service life at other temperatures.",
        "severity": "moderate",
        "source": "lfawire",
        "where": "Tensile retention after 50 hours at high temperature table"
      }
    ],
    "side_effects": [],
    "handling": [
      {
        "text": "Specify the temper: round wire tensile strength runs from 241 MPa annealed to 496 MPa spring temper, so the temper must be stated.",
        "source": "lfawire",
        "where": "Mechanical properties, round and square wire table"
      },
      {
        "text": "Age-hardening temperatures differ by temper: annealed material is aged at 500 to 550 °C and hard material at 370 to 475 °C, each for 1 to 4 hours.",
        "source": "lfawire",
        "where": "Aging temperature entries"
      }
    ],
    "mitigations": []
  },
  "uses": [
    {
      "application": "electronics-and-chips",
      "device": "Electrical wire and resistance-welding electrodes",
      "example": "LFA Wire sells the alloy as zirconium copper wire, and an ASM Alloy Digest entry for the Ansonia C15000 product is titled as a resistance electrode alloy.",
      "source": "ansonia-asm",
      "where": "Title of the ASM Alloy Digest entry; product title on the LFA Wire page"
    },
    {
      "application": "mechanisms",
      "device": "Spring-temper round wire",
      "example": "Spring temper round wire is listed at 496 MPa tensile strength after aging at 400 °C for one hour.",
      "source": "lfawire",
      "where": "Mechanical properties, round and square wire table, row Spring"
    },
    {
      "application": "thermal-control",
      "device": "Conductive parts that carry heat",
      "example": "Thermal conductivity is listed at 0.876 cal/sq cm/cm/sec/°C at 20 °C.",
      "source": "lfawire",
      "where": "Physical properties list, row Thermal conductivity"
    }
  ],
  "supply": [
    {
      "subject": "Copper, the matrix metal of this alloy (mine production)",
      "producers": [
        {
          "country": "Chile",
          "share_percent": 23,
          "year": 2025
        },
        {
          "country": "Congo (Kinshasa)",
          "share_percent": 13.9,
          "year": 2025
        },
        {
          "country": "Peru",
          "share_percent": 11.7,
          "year": 2025
        },
        {
          "country": "China",
          "share_percent": 7.8,
          "year": 2025
        },
        {
          "country": "Russia",
          "share_percent": 5.7,
          "year": 2025
        }
      ],
      "critical_lists": [
        {
          "list": "U.S. Final 2025 List of Critical Minerals (copper added; USGS Mineral Commodity Summaries 2026)",
          "listed": true
        }
      ],
      "recycling": "USGS: old scrap provided an estimated 160,000 tons of copper in 2025, and copper recovered from scrap contributed about 30% of the U.S. copper supply; brass and wire-rod mills accounted for about 80% of the copper recovered from scrap.",
      "substitutes": [],
      "source": "usgs-mcs2026-copper",
      "where": "World Mine and Refinery Production and Reserves table, mine production 2025e (world total 23,000 thousand t; shares calculated by Space Mushroom from the country values 5,300; 3,200; 2,700; 1,800; 1,300); Recycling paragraph; Events, Trends, and Issues critical minerals paragraph"
    }
  ],
  "media": [],
  "documents": [
    {
      "title": "LFA Wire: Zirconium Copper Wire, C15000 AMZIRC product data page",
      "type": "datasheet",
      "url": "https://www.lfawire.com/?p=179"
    },
    {
      "title": "Total Materia: UNS C15000 Copper Alloys, physical properties and composition",
      "type": "database",
      "url": "https://www.totalmateria.com/en-us/material/3034070"
    },
    {
      "title": "Total Materia: EN CW120C Copper Alloys (EN 12163: 2024, rod for general purposes)",
      "type": "database",
      "url": "https://www.totalmateria.com/en-us/material/3041363",
      "year": 2024
    },
    {
      "title": "ASM Alloy Digest: Ansonia Alloy C15000 Resistance Electrode Alloy (abstract)",
      "type": "database",
      "url": "https://dl.asminternational.org/alloy-digest/article/60/5/Cu-798/7369/ANSONIA-ALLOY-C15000Resistance-Electrode-Alloy"
    },
    {
      "title": "USGS Mineral Commodity Summaries 2026: Copper",
      "type": "report",
      "url": "https://pubs.usgs.gov/periodicals/mcs2026/mcs2026-copper.pdf",
      "year": 2026
    }
  ],
  "gaps": [
    "No corrosion, tarnish or atmospheric exposure data for C15000 were found in a source we could open, so the corrosion list is empty. Corrosion results for other copper grades in sister profiles were not reused.",
    "No atomic-oxygen, outgassing (total mass loss or volatile condensable material), cold-welding, radiation or thermal-vacuum result for C15000 was found.",
    "Zirconium supply and zirconium producer shares were not found: the USGS zirconium summary address returned a web page, not a PDF, in this run.",
    "No safety data sheet or GHS classification for this alloy was read, so no hazard codes are recorded.",
    "All property values are supplier reference values. The LFA Wire page states 'Values for reference only. Not part of specification.' No ASTM B301 or EN 12163 limits were opened, so no specified minimum property values are recorded.",
    "The Samaterials C15000 page gives theoretical data for this grade and was not used for any value.",
    "The full ASM Alloy Digest datasheet for the Ansonia C15000 product is paywalled; only the abstract was read, so its composition and property tables are not recorded. The Enggpro supplier page returned 'Invalid company' and gave no values.",
    "Designations: no open source printed an EN numeric material number, ASTM, JIS or AMS designation for this grade; the EN and ISO names come from the Total Materia pages.",
    "Electrical conductivity was recorded only for the aged condition (93 %IACS); no annealed or hard-condition conductivity was found.",
    "Thermal conductivity was printed only in cal units by the supplier; no SI conversion was recorded because the page does not print one.",
    "The supplier's endurance strength (28 KSI at 100,000,000 cycles) is recorded without a comparison to other grades; the endurance test method is not stated.",
    "The recipe gives composition in weight-percent ranges, not atoms or atomic weights, because the sources print alloy shares only."
  ],
  "story": {
    "why": "Zirconium copper C15000 is a copper alloy with a small zirconium addition that is age-hardened to gain strength while keeping much of copper's conductivity. The LFA Wire page lists its density as 8.89 g/cm3 at 20 °C and its electrical conductivity as 93 %IACS when aged. Its strength depends on temper: round wire ranges from 241 MPa tensile when annealed to 496 MPa tensile in spring temper. Those figures come from one supplier and are reference values, not a specification.",
    "uses": [
      {
        "where": "Wire and electrodes",
        "line": "The two uses named in the sources read are electrical wire and resistance-welding electrodes. The ASM Alloy Digest entry for the Ansonia C15000 product is titled a resistance electrode alloy."
      },
      {
        "where": "Springs",
        "line": "Spring temper round wire is listed at 496 MPa tensile strength after aging at 400 °C for one hour."
      }
    ],
    "can_do": [
      {
        "label": "Carry current",
        "line": "Electrical conductivity is 93 %IACS when aged, per the LFA Wire page.",
        "benchmark": "electrical_conductivity",
        "scope": "material",
        "value": "93 %IACS when aged"
      },
      {
        "label": "Carry heat",
        "line": "Thermal conductivity is 0.876 cal/sq cm/cm/sec/°C at 20 °C, per the same page.",
        "benchmark": "thermal_conductivity",
        "scope": "material",
        "value": "0.876 cal/sq cm/cm/sec/°C"
      },
      {
        "label": "Stay strong when hot",
        "line": "Tensile strength falls from 67.5 KSI to 62 KSI after 50 h at 400 °C in the supplier test.",
        "benchmark": "ultimate_tensile_strength",
        "scope": "material",
        "value": "62 KSI after 50 h at 400 °C"
      },
      {
        "label": "Stiffness",
        "line": "The modulus of elasticity in tension is 18,700 KSI.",
        "benchmark": "elastic_modulus",
        "scope": "material",
        "value": "18,700 KSI"
      },
      {
        "label": "Weight",
        "line": "Density is 8.89 g/cm3 at 20 °C, per the LFA Wire page.",
        "benchmark": "density",
        "scope": "material",
        "value": "8.89 g/cm3"
      }
    ],
    "compare": "Zirconium copper is an age-hardened copper alloy, so it trades part of pure copper's conductivity for strength that can be raised by heat treatment. It is a different grade from the CuCr1Zr electrode alloy profiled separately, and the two are not compared numerically here, because no figure for CuCr1Zr was read in this run. Read the table rows as examples of this grade only, not as a ranking.",
    "compare_rows": [
      {
        "label": "Density",
        "benchmark": "density",
        "scope": "material"
      },
      {
        "label": "Electrical resistivity",
        "benchmark": "electrical_resistivity",
        "scope": "material"
      },
      {
        "label": "Elastic modulus",
        "benchmark": "elastic_modulus",
        "scope": "material"
      }
    ],
    "handling": [
      "Specify the temper, because round wire tensile strength runs from 241 MPa annealed to 496 MPa spring temper.",
      "Age annealed material at 500 to 550 °C and hard material at 370 to 475 °C, each for 1 to 4 h, as the supplier advises.",
      "Avoid long service near 400 °C where strength must be kept, since tensile strength fell after 50 h at 400 °C in the supplier test."
    ],
    "good_for": [
      "Current-carrying wire and electrodes that need strength after heating: 93 %IACS when aged, with up to 496 MPa tensile in spring temper.",
      "Repeated stress: endurance strength of 28 KSI at 100,000,000 cycles, per the supplier."
    ],
    "watch_out": [
      "Strength falls on long heating: 67.5 KSI to 62 KSI after 50 h at 400 °C in the supplier test.",
      "All values are one supplier's reference data, and the page says they are not part of specification.",
      "No corrosion, outgassing, atomic-oxygen, radiation or cold-welding data for this grade were found."
    ],
    "verdict": "Zirconium copper C15000 is a wire and electrode alloy that combines copper's conductivity with age-hardened strength. The supplier lists 93 %IACS when aged and tensile strength from 241 MPa to 496 MPa by temper, but it loses strength on long heating and no space-environment test data for this grade were found.",
    "recipe": {
      "line": "Zirconium copper C15000 is a copper alloy with a small zirconium addition. Total Materia prints the zirconium range as \"0.1 – 0.2\" % and the copper as \"Remainder\". It is supplied as wire and rod, and is age-hardened by a heat treatment at 370 to 550 °C, depending on the temper.",
      "parts": [
        {
          "name": "Copper",
          "symbol": "Cu",
          "role": "The matrix. Copper keeps most of its electrical and thermal conductivity in the alloy."
        },
        {
          "name": "Zirconium",
          "symbol": "Zr",
          "role": "The alloying addition. The supplier's aging heat treatment gives the alloy its strength."
        }
      ]
    },
    "risk_groups": [
      {
        "title": "For people",
        "lead": "No safety data sheet for C15000 was read in this run, so this profile records no hazard classification.",
        "points": [
          {
            "label": "Hazard data",
            "line": "Not found in any source we hold. The copper hazard codes in the sister copper profile belong to the element and are not reused here."
          }
        ],
        "level": 0,
        "verdict": "No hazard data read for this grade"
      },
      {
        "title": "If it fails",
        "lead": "The main failure route in the supplier data is loss of strength during long heating.",
        "points": [
          {
            "label": "Long heating",
            "line": "After 50 h at 400 °C the tensile strength falls from 67.5 KSI to 62 KSI in the supplier's test."
          }
        ],
        "level": 1,
        "verdict": "Strength loss after heating"
      },
      {
        "title": "Handling and storage",
        "points": [
          {
            "label": "Temper",
            "line": "Tensile strength ranges from 241 MPa annealed to 496 MPa in spring temper, so the temper must be specified."
          },
          {
            "label": "Aging",
            "line": "Annealed material is aged at 500 to 550 °C for 1 to 4 h, and hard material at 370 to 475 °C for 1 to 4 h."
          }
        ]
      }
    ]
  },
  "updated": "2026-11-01",
  "review": {
    "status": "draft",
    "method": "assistant",
    "checked_values": 26,
    "unreachable": 8,
    "caveats": 5,
    "note": "Values were read by an AI assistant on 2026-11-01 from the LFA Wire page (fetched summary of the page), the Total Materia pages, and the USGS copper PDF (extracted text). Unreachable or blocked in this run: Makeitfrom, Anchor Bronze, Cadi Group UL Prospector, Suppliersonline, Copper Development Association alloy page, Goodfellow, Enggpro (invalid company), and the Springer table. Caveats: all strength values are one supplier's reference values for round wire; the aged conductivity is one supplier's value; the 0.0186 resistivity has no stated temperature; the supply shares are calculated from USGS 2025e mine tonnages; zirconium supply was not found."
  },
  "sources": {
    "lfawire": {
      "title": "LFA Wire, Zirconium Copper Wire, C15000 (AMZIRC) product data page",
      "url": "https://www.lfawire.com/?p=179",
      "kind": "datasheet",
      "license": "Supplier product page (cited, not reproduced); states values are for reference only"
    },
    "totalmateria-c15000": {
      "title": "Total Materia, UNS C15000 Copper Alloys",
      "id": "UNS C15000",
      "url": "https://www.totalmateria.com/en-us/material/3034070",
      "kind": "database",
      "license": "Materials database entry (cited, not reproduced)"
    },
    "totalmateria-cw120c": {
      "title": "Total Materia, EN CW120C Copper Alloys (EN 12163: 2024, rod for general purposes)",
      "id": "EN CW120C; ISO CuZr",
      "url": "https://www.totalmateria.com/en-us/material/3041363",
      "year": 2024,
      "kind": "database",
      "license": "Materials database entry (cited, not reproduced)"
    },
    "ansonia-asm": {
      "title": "ASM Alloy Digest, Ansonia Alloy C15000 Resistance Electrode Alloy (Cu-798), abstract",
      "id": "UNS C15000",
      "url": "https://dl.asminternational.org/alloy-digest/article/60/5/Cu-798/7369/ANSONIA-ALLOY-C15000Resistance-Electrode-Alloy",
      "kind": "handbook",
      "license": "ASM International abstract (cited, not reproduced)"
    },
    "usgs-mcs2026-copper": {
      "title": "Mineral Commodity Summaries 2026, Copper",
      "id": "USGS MCS 2026",
      "url": "https://pubs.usgs.gov/periodicals/mcs2026/mcs2026-copper.pdf",
      "year": 2026,
      "kind": "report",
      "license": "public domain (USGS)"
    }
  },
  "license": "CC-BY-4.0",
  "url": "https://spacemushroom.com/profiles/zirconium-copper-c15000/"
}