{ "spore": "profile", "id": "zamak", "spore_version": "0.2", "family": "zinc-alloys", "name": "Zamak (zinc die-casting alloys)", "abbreviation": "Zamak", "role": "die-casting alloy", "category": "metals", "type": "heavy-metals", "summary": "Zamak is a family of zinc die-casting alloys. Zamak 2, 3 and 5 hold about 4% aluminium, and ZA-8 holds about 8%. Copper and magnesium are added in small amounts. Zamak 3 is the most used grade in North America and Zamak 5 (European code ZP0410) is the most used in Europe. Zamak 2 has the highest strength in the family. The ASTM B86 minimum tensile strength is 283 MPa for Zamak 3 and 328 MPa for Zamak 5, and the International Zinc Association prints a typical tensile strength of 397 MPa for Zamak 2.\n", "best_for": "Thin-walled die-cast parts, and heat sinks and EMI shields that need good heat and electrical conduction", "weakest_at": "Creep under sustained load (Zamak 3 creeps most of the four grades the IZA tests), and intercrystalline corrosion when tin or lead exceed the specified limits", "identity": { "formula": "Zinc-base alloys, weight %. Zamak 3 (ASTM B86 AG40A): Al 3.700 to 4.300, Mg 0.020 to 0.060, Cu 0.100 max, Fe 0.050 max, Pb 0.005 max, Cd 0.004 max, Sn 0.002 max, Zn balance. Zamak 5 (ASTM B86 AC41A): Al 3.700 to 4.300, Cu 0.700 to 1.200, Mg 0.020 to 0.060, Fe 0.050 max, Pb 0.005 max, Cd 0.004 max, Sn 0.002 max, Zn balance. ZA-8 (ASTM B86 ZA-8): Al 8.000 to 8.800, Cu 0.800 to 1.300, Mg 0.010 to 0.030 (UNS Z35636 sheet prints 0.015 to 0.030), Fe 0.075 max, Pb 0.006 max, Cd 0.006 max, Sn 0.003 max, Zn balance. Zamak 2 (ASTM B86 cast, from Wikipedia): Al 3.5 to 4.3, Cu 2.6 to 2.9, Mg 0.025 to 0.05, Fe 0.1 max, Pb 0.005 max, Cd 0.004 max, Sn 0.003 max, Zn balance.", "designations": [ { "system": "Name", "code": "Zamak 3", "source": "icast-b86-ag40a", "where": "Cross reference table, Zamak 3 row" }, { "system": "ASTM", "code": "B86 AG40A", "source": "icast-b86-ag40a", "where": "Title line of the sheet" }, { "system": "UNS", "code": "Z33521", "note": "AG40A ingot", "source": "icast-uns-z33521", "where": "Title line of the sheet" }, { "system": "ISO", "code": "ZP3", "source": "icast-b86-ag40a", "where": "Cross reference table, ISO row" }, { "system": "EN name", "code": "ZP0400", "source": "iza-mech", "where": "Alloy list at top of the mechanical properties page, ZP3 row" }, { "system": "ASTM", "code": "B240 Zamak 3", "source": "icast-b86-ag40a", "where": "Cross reference table" }, { "system": "Name", "code": "Zamak 5", "source": "icast-b86-ac41a", "where": "Cross reference table, Zamak 5 row" }, { "system": "ASTM", "code": "B86 AC41A", "source": "icast-b86-ac41a", "where": "Title line of the sheet" }, { "system": "UNS", "code": "Z33531", "source": "icast-b86-ac41a", "where": "Cross reference table, UNS row" }, { "system": "ISO", "code": "ZP5", "source": "icast-b86-ac41a", "where": "Cross reference table, ISO row" }, { "system": "EN name", "code": "ZP0410", "source": "iza-mech", "where": "Alloy list at top of the mechanical properties page, ZP5 row (ZnAl4Cu1)" }, { "system": "Name", "code": "Zamak 2", "source": "dynacast-zamak-alloys", "where": "Zamak 2 description, Zinc Alloy 2 also known as Kirksite" }, { "system": "ASTM", "code": "AC43A", "source": "dynacast-zamak-alloys", "where": "Zamak 2 description, Zamak 2 (ASTM AC43A)" }, { "system": "UNS", "code": "Z35541", "note": "cast", "source": "wiki-zamak", "where": "Table of names per standard, Zamak 2 row, cast UNS column" }, { "system": "EN name", "code": "ZP0430", "source": "iza-mech", "where": "Alloy list at top of the mechanical properties page, ZP2 row (ZnAl4Cu3)" }, { "system": "Name", "code": "ZA-8", "source": "icast-b86-za8", "where": "Cross reference table, ANSI/AA column" }, { "system": "ASTM", "code": "B86 ZA-8", "source": "icast-b86-za8", "where": "Title line of the sheet" }, { "system": "UNS", "code": "Z35636", "source": "icast-uns-z35636", "where": "Title line of the sheet" }, { "system": "ISO", "code": "ZP0810", "source": "icast-b86-za8", "where": "Cross reference table, ISO row" }, { "system": "EN name", "code": "ZP0810", "source": "iza-mech", "where": "Alloy list at top of the mechanical properties page, ZP8 row (ZnAl8Cu1)" } ], "source": "icast-b86-ag40a", "where": "ICAST data sheet for ASTM B86 AG40A, chemical composition block. Zamak 5 from the ASTM B86 AC41A sheet, ZA-8 from the ASTM B86 ZA-8 and UNS Z35636 sheets, Zamak 2 from the cast row of the Wikipedia composition table." }, "tags": { "environments": [], "stresses": [], "applications": [ "mechanisms", "thermal-control", "electronics-and-chips" ] }, "properties": [ { "benchmark": "ultimate_tensile_strength", "label": "Tensile strength minimum, Zamak 3 (ASTM B86 AG40A)", "value": 283, "bound": "lower", "unit": "MPa", "scope": "material", "conditions": { "alloy": "Zamak 3 (ASTM B86 AG40A; ZP3; UNS Z33521)", "condition": "as-cast or aging (heat-treatment column of the sheet)", "unit_in_source": "Mpa" }, "method": "Minimum limit printed in the mechanical properties block of the ICAST copy of ASTM B86 AG40A; not a typical test value", "status": "ground", "note": "The ICAST UNS Z33521 sheet prints 280 MPa minimum for the same grade.", "source": "icast-b86-ag40a", "where": "Mechanical properties block, Tensile Strength in Mpa 283 min.", "source_detail": { "title": "ICAST data sheet: ASTM B86 AG40A (Zamak 3)", "id": "ASTM B86 AG40A (ICAST Alloys LLP)", "url": "https://www.icastllp.com/material_db_pdf/ASTM%20B86%20AG40A.pdf", "kind": "datasheet", "license": "ICAST data sheet, cited not reproduced" } }, { "benchmark": "yield_strength", "label": "Yield strength minimum, Zamak 3 (ASTM B86 AG40A)", "value": 221, "bound": "lower", "unit": "MPa", "scope": "material", "conditions": { "alloy": "Zamak 3 (ASTM B86 AG40A; ZP3; UNS Z33521)", "condition": "as-cast or aging (heat-treatment column of the sheet)", "unit_in_source": "Mpa" }, "method": "Minimum limit printed in the mechanical properties block of the ICAST copy of ASTM B86 AG40A; not a typical test value", "status": "ground", "note": "The ICAST UNS Z33521 sheet prints 200 MPa minimum for the same grade.", "source": "icast-b86-ag40a", "where": "Mechanical properties block, Yield Strength in Mpa 221 min.", "source_detail": { "title": "ICAST data sheet: ASTM B86 AG40A (Zamak 3)", "id": "ASTM B86 AG40A (ICAST Alloys LLP)", "url": "https://www.icastllp.com/material_db_pdf/ASTM%20B86%20AG40A.pdf", "kind": "datasheet", "license": "ICAST data sheet, cited not reproduced" } }, { "benchmark": "elongation", "label": "Elongation minimum, Zamak 3 (ASTM B86 AG40A)", "value": 10, "bound": "lower", "unit": "%", "scope": "material", "conditions": { "alloy": "Zamak 3 (ASTM B86 AG40A; ZP3; UNS Z33521)", "condition": "as-cast or aging (heat-treatment column of the sheet)" }, "method": "Minimum limit printed in the mechanical properties block of the ICAST copy of ASTM B86 AG40A; not a typical test value", "status": "ground", "source": "icast-b86-ag40a", "where": "Mechanical properties block, Elongation in % 10 min.", "source_detail": { "title": "ICAST data sheet: ASTM B86 AG40A (Zamak 3)", "id": "ASTM B86 AG40A (ICAST Alloys LLP)", "url": "https://www.icastllp.com/material_db_pdf/ASTM%20B86%20AG40A.pdf", "kind": "datasheet", "license": "ICAST data sheet, cited not reproduced" } }, { "benchmark": "brinell_hardness", "label": "Hardness minimum, Zamak 3 (ASTM B86 AG40A)", "value": 82, "bound": "lower", "unit": "HB", "scope": "material", "conditions": { "alloy": "Zamak 3 (ASTM B86 AG40A; ZP3; UNS Z33521)", "condition": "as-cast or aging (heat-treatment column of the sheet)" }, "method": "Minimum limit printed in the mechanical properties block of the ICAST copy of ASTM B86 AG40A; not a typical test value", "status": "ground", "note": "Custom benchmark name, not in property-canon.yaml. The ICAST UNS Z33521 sheet prints 83 HB minimum.", "source": "icast-b86-ag40a", "where": "Mechanical properties block, Hardness in HB 82 min.", "source_detail": { "title": "ICAST data sheet: ASTM B86 AG40A (Zamak 3)", "id": "ASTM B86 AG40A (ICAST Alloys LLP)", "url": "https://www.icastllp.com/material_db_pdf/ASTM%20B86%20AG40A.pdf", "kind": "datasheet", "license": "ICAST data sheet, cited not reproduced" } }, { "benchmark": "ultimate_tensile_strength", "label": "Tensile strength minimum, Zamak 5 (ASTM B86 AC41A)", "value": 328, "bound": "lower", "unit": "MPa", "scope": "material", "conditions": { "alloy": "Zamak 5 (ASTM B86 AC41A; ZP5; UNS Z33531 as printed)", "condition": "as-cast or aging (heat-treatment column of the sheet)", "unit_in_source": "Mpa" }, "method": "Minimum limit printed in the mechanical properties block of the ICAST copy of ASTM B86 AC41A; not a typical test value", "status": "ground", "source": "icast-b86-ac41a", "where": "Mechanical properties block, Tensile Strength in Mpa 328 min.", "source_detail": { "title": "ICAST data sheet: ASTM B86 AC41A (Zamak 5)", "id": "ASTM B86 AC41A (ICAST Alloys LLP)", "url": "https://www.icastllp.com/material_db_pdf/ASTM%20B86%20AC41A.pdf", "kind": "datasheet", "license": "ICAST data sheet, cited not reproduced" } }, { "benchmark": "yield_strength", "label": "Yield strength minimum, Zamak 5 (ASTM B86 AC41A)", "value": 228, "bound": "lower", "unit": "MPa", "scope": "material", "conditions": { "alloy": "Zamak 5 (ASTM B86 AC41A; ZP5; UNS Z33531 as printed)", "condition": "as-cast or aging (heat-treatment column of the sheet)", "unit_in_source": "Mpa" }, "method": "Minimum limit printed in the mechanical properties block of the ICAST copy of ASTM B86 AC41A; not a typical test value", "status": "ground", "source": "icast-b86-ac41a", "where": "Mechanical properties block, Yield Strength in Mpa 228 min.", "source_detail": { "title": "ICAST data sheet: ASTM B86 AC41A (Zamak 5)", "id": "ASTM B86 AC41A (ICAST Alloys LLP)", "url": "https://www.icastllp.com/material_db_pdf/ASTM%20B86%20AC41A.pdf", "kind": "datasheet", "license": "ICAST data sheet, cited not reproduced" } }, { "benchmark": "elongation", "label": "Elongation minimum, Zamak 5 (ASTM B86 AC41A)", "value": 7, "bound": "lower", "unit": "%", "scope": "material", "conditions": { "alloy": "Zamak 5 (ASTM B86 AC41A; ZP5; UNS Z33531 as printed)", "condition": "as-cast or aging (heat-treatment column of the sheet)" }, "method": "Minimum limit printed in the mechanical properties block of the ICAST copy of ASTM B86 AC41A; not a typical test value", "status": "ground", "source": "icast-b86-ac41a", "where": "Mechanical properties block, Elongation in % 7 min.", "source_detail": { "title": "ICAST data sheet: ASTM B86 AC41A (Zamak 5)", "id": "ASTM B86 AC41A (ICAST Alloys LLP)", "url": "https://www.icastllp.com/material_db_pdf/ASTM%20B86%20AC41A.pdf", "kind": "datasheet", "license": "ICAST data sheet, cited not reproduced" } }, { "benchmark": "brinell_hardness", "label": "Hardness minimum, Zamak 5 (ASTM B86 AC41A)", "value": 91, "bound": "lower", "unit": "HB", "scope": "material", "conditions": { "alloy": "Zamak 5 (ASTM B86 AC41A; ZP5; UNS Z33531 as printed)", "condition": "as-cast or aging (heat-treatment column of the sheet)" }, "method": "Minimum limit printed in the mechanical properties block of the ICAST copy of ASTM B86 AC41A; not a typical test value", "status": "ground", "note": "Custom benchmark name, not in property-canon.yaml.", "source": "icast-b86-ac41a", "where": "Mechanical properties block, Hardness in HB 91 min.", "source_detail": { "title": "ICAST data sheet: ASTM B86 AC41A (Zamak 5)", "id": "ASTM B86 AC41A (ICAST Alloys LLP)", "url": "https://www.icastllp.com/material_db_pdf/ASTM%20B86%20AC41A.pdf", "kind": "datasheet", "license": "ICAST data sheet, cited not reproduced" } }, { "benchmark": "ultimate_tensile_strength", "label": "Tensile strength range, ZA-8 (ASTM B86 ZA-8)", "value": 221, "value_high": 374, "bound": "range", "unit": "MPa", "scope": "material", "conditions": { "alloy": "ZA-8 (ASTM B86 ZA-8; UNS Z35636; ZP8)", "condition": "as-cast or aging (heat-treatment column of the sheet)", "unit_in_source": "Mpa" }, "method": "Range printed in the mechanical properties block of the ICAST copy of ASTM B86 ZA-8; not a typical test value", "status": "ground", "note": "The ICAST UNS Z35636 sheet prints the same mechanical ranges.", "source": "icast-b86-za8", "where": "Mechanical properties block, Tensile Strength in Mpa 221 - 374", "source_detail": { "title": "ICAST data sheet: ASTM B86 ZA-8", "id": "ASTM B86 ZA-8 (ICAST Alloys LLP)", "url": "https://www.icastllp.com/material_db_pdf/ASTM%20B86%20ZA-8.pdf", "kind": "datasheet", "license": "ICAST data sheet, cited not reproduced" } }, { "benchmark": "yield_strength", "label": "Yield strength range, ZA-8 (ASTM B86 ZA-8)", "value": 198, "value_high": 290, "bound": "range", "unit": "MPa", "scope": "material", "conditions": { "alloy": "ZA-8 (ASTM B86 ZA-8; UNS Z35636; ZP8)", "condition": "as-cast or aging (heat-treatment column of the sheet)", "unit_in_source": "Mpa" }, "method": "Range printed in the mechanical properties block of the ICAST copy of ASTM B86 ZA-8; not a typical test value", "status": "ground", "source": "icast-b86-za8", "where": "Mechanical properties block, Yield Strength in Mpa 198 - 290", "source_detail": { "title": "ICAST data sheet: ASTM B86 ZA-8", "id": "ASTM B86 ZA-8 (ICAST Alloys LLP)", "url": "https://www.icastllp.com/material_db_pdf/ASTM%20B86%20ZA-8.pdf", "kind": "datasheet", "license": "ICAST data sheet, cited not reproduced" } }, { "benchmark": "elongation", "label": "Elongation range, ZA-8 (ASTM B86 ZA-8)", "value": 1, "value_high": 10, "bound": "range", "unit": "%", "scope": "material", "conditions": { "alloy": "ZA-8 (ASTM B86 ZA-8; UNS Z35636; ZP8)", "condition": "as-cast or aging (heat-treatment column of the sheet)" }, "method": "Range printed in the mechanical properties block of the ICAST copy of ASTM B86 ZA-8; not a typical test value", "status": "ground", "source": "icast-b86-za8", "where": "Mechanical properties block, Elongation in % 1 - 10", "source_detail": { "title": "ICAST data sheet: ASTM B86 ZA-8", "id": "ASTM B86 ZA-8 (ICAST Alloys LLP)", "url": "https://www.icastllp.com/material_db_pdf/ASTM%20B86%20ZA-8.pdf", "kind": "datasheet", "license": "ICAST data sheet, cited not reproduced" } }, { "benchmark": "brinell_hardness", "label": "Hardness range, ZA-8 (ASTM B86 ZA-8)", "value": 85, "value_high": 103, "bound": "range", "unit": "HB", "scope": "material", "conditions": { "alloy": "ZA-8 (ASTM B86 ZA-8; UNS Z35636; ZP8)", "condition": "as-cast or aging (heat-treatment column of the sheet)" }, "method": "Range printed in the mechanical properties block of the ICAST copy of ASTM B86 ZA-8; not a typical test value", "status": "ground", "note": "Custom benchmark name, not in property-canon.yaml.", "source": "icast-b86-za8", "where": "Mechanical properties block, Hardness in HB 85 - 103", "source_detail": { "title": "ICAST data sheet: ASTM B86 ZA-8", "id": "ASTM B86 ZA-8 (ICAST Alloys LLP)", "url": "https://www.icastllp.com/material_db_pdf/ASTM%20B86%20ZA-8.pdf", "kind": "datasheet", "license": "ICAST data sheet, cited not reproduced" } }, { "benchmark": "specific_gravity", "label": "Specific gravity, Zamak 3 (ZP3), zero porosity", "value": 6.6, "bound": "exact", "unit": "-", "scope": "material", "conditions": { "alloy": "Zamak 3 (ZP3)", "condition": "die-cast alloy, zero porosity", "temperature": "21 °C", "unit_in_source": "specific gravity (no unit printed)" }, "method": "Value printed in the physical properties table of the International Zinc Association die-casting alloy guide; specific gravity is a ratio, so the unit is recorded as a dash", "status": "ground", "note": "Custom benchmark name, not in property-canon.yaml.", "source": "iza-physical", "where": "Physical Properties table, row Specific Gravity at 21 °C (zero porosity), column ZP3", "source_detail": { "title": "International Zinc Association: zinc diecasting alloys, physical properties", "id": "IZA diecasting alloy guide", "url": "https://diecasting.zinc.org/properties/en/alloy_properties/eng_prop_a_physical-properties/", "kind": "report", "license": "IZA web page, cited not reproduced" } }, { "benchmark": "cte", "label": "Thermal expansion, Zamak 3 (ZP3)", "value": 27, "bound": "exact", "unit": "µm/m/°C", "scope": "material", "conditions": { "alloy": "Zamak 3 (ZP3)", "condition": "die-cast alloy", "temperature": "20 to 100 °C", "unit_in_source": "µm/m/°C" }, "method": "Value printed in the physical properties table of the International Zinc Association die-casting alloy guide", "status": "ground", "source": "iza-physical", "where": "Physical Properties table, row Thermal Expansion at 20-100 °C, column ZP3", "source_detail": { "title": "International Zinc Association: zinc diecasting alloys, physical properties", "id": "IZA diecasting alloy guide", "url": "https://diecasting.zinc.org/properties/en/alloy_properties/eng_prop_a_physical-properties/", "kind": "report", "license": "IZA web page, cited not reproduced" } }, { "benchmark": "thermal_conductivity", "label": "Thermal conductivity, Zamak 3 (ZP3)", "value": 113, "bound": "exact", "unit": "W/(m·K)", "scope": "material", "conditions": { "alloy": "Zamak 3 (ZP3)", "condition": "die-cast alloy", "temperature": "70 to 140 °C", "unit_in_source": "W m-1 °C-1" }, "method": "Value printed in the physical properties table of the International Zinc Association die-casting alloy guide", "status": "ground", "source": "iza-physical", "where": "Physical Properties table, row Thermal Conductivity at 70-140 °C, column ZP3", "source_detail": { "title": "International Zinc Association: zinc diecasting alloys, physical properties", "id": "IZA diecasting alloy guide", "url": "https://diecasting.zinc.org/properties/en/alloy_properties/eng_prop_a_physical-properties/", "kind": "report", "license": "IZA web page, cited not reproduced" } }, { "benchmark": "specific_heat", "label": "Specific heat capacity, Zamak 3 (ZP3)", "value": 418.7, "bound": "exact", "unit": "J/(kg·K)", "scope": "material", "conditions": { "alloy": "Zamak 3 (ZP3)", "condition": "die-cast alloy", "temperature": "20 to 100 °C", "unit_in_source": "J/kg/°C" }, "method": "Value printed in the physical properties table of the International Zinc Association die-casting alloy guide", "status": "ground", "source": "iza-physical", "where": "Physical Properties table, row Specific Heat Capacity at 20-100 °C, column ZP3", "source_detail": { "title": "International Zinc Association: zinc diecasting alloys, physical properties", "id": "IZA diecasting alloy guide", "url": "https://diecasting.zinc.org/properties/en/alloy_properties/eng_prop_a_physical-properties/", "kind": "report", "license": "IZA web page, cited not reproduced" } }, { "benchmark": "electrical_conductivity", "label": "Electrical conductivity, Zamak 3 (ZP3)", "value": 27, "bound": "exact", "unit": "% IACS", "scope": "material", "conditions": { "alloy": "Zamak 3 (ZP3)", "condition": "die-cast alloy", "temperature": "not stated" }, "method": "Value printed in the physical properties table of the International Zinc Association die-casting alloy guide", "status": "ground", "note": "Custom benchmark name, not in property-canon.yaml.", "source": "iza-physical", "where": "Physical Properties table, row Electrical Conductivity % IACS, column ZP3", "source_detail": { "title": "International Zinc Association: zinc diecasting alloys, physical properties", "id": "IZA diecasting alloy guide", "url": "https://diecasting.zinc.org/properties/en/alloy_properties/eng_prop_a_physical-properties/", "kind": "report", "license": "IZA web page, cited not reproduced" } }, { "benchmark": "melting_point", "label": "Melting temperature range, Zamak 3 (ZP3)", "value": 381, "value_high": 387, "bound": "range", "unit": "°C", "scope": "material", "conditions": { "alloy": "Zamak 3 (ZP3)", "condition": "die-cast alloy", "reading": "melting temperature range, solidus to liquidus" }, "method": "Range printed in the physical properties table of the International Zinc Association die-casting alloy guide", "status": "ground", "source": "iza-physical", "where": "Physical Properties table, row Melting Temperature Range, column ZP3", "source_detail": { "title": "International Zinc Association: zinc diecasting alloys, physical properties", "id": "IZA diecasting alloy guide", "url": "https://diecasting.zinc.org/properties/en/alloy_properties/eng_prop_a_physical-properties/", "kind": "report", "license": "IZA web page, cited not reproduced" } }, { "benchmark": "specific_gravity", "label": "Specific gravity, Zamak 5 (ZP5), zero porosity", "value": 6.76, "bound": "exact", "unit": "-", "scope": "material", "conditions": { "alloy": "Zamak 5 (ZP5)", "condition": "die-cast alloy, zero porosity", "temperature": "21 °C", "unit_in_source": "specific gravity (no unit printed)" }, "method": "Value printed in the physical properties table of the International Zinc Association die-casting alloy guide; specific gravity is a ratio, so the unit is recorded as a dash", "status": "ground", "note": "Custom benchmark name, not in property-canon.yaml.", "source": "iza-physical", "where": "Physical Properties table, row Specific Gravity at 21 °C (zero porosity), column ZP5", "source_detail": { "title": "International Zinc Association: zinc diecasting alloys, physical properties", "id": "IZA diecasting alloy guide", "url": "https://diecasting.zinc.org/properties/en/alloy_properties/eng_prop_a_physical-properties/", "kind": "report", "license": "IZA web page, cited not reproduced" } }, { "benchmark": "cte", "label": "Thermal expansion, Zamak 5 (ZP5)", "value": 27.2, "bound": "exact", "unit": "µm/m/°C", "scope": "material", "conditions": { "alloy": "Zamak 5 (ZP5)", "condition": "die-cast alloy", "temperature": "20 to 100 °C", "unit_in_source": "µm/m/°C" }, "method": "Value printed in the physical properties table of the International Zinc Association die-casting alloy guide", "status": "ground", "source": "iza-physical", "where": "Physical Properties table, row Thermal Expansion at 20-100 °C, column ZP5", "source_detail": { "title": "International Zinc Association: zinc diecasting alloys, physical properties", "id": "IZA diecasting alloy guide", "url": "https://diecasting.zinc.org/properties/en/alloy_properties/eng_prop_a_physical-properties/", "kind": "report", "license": "IZA web page, cited not reproduced" } }, { "benchmark": "thermal_conductivity", "label": "Thermal conductivity, Zamak 5 (ZP5)", "value": 108.9, "bound": "exact", "unit": "W/(m·K)", "scope": "material", "conditions": { "alloy": "Zamak 5 (ZP5)", "condition": "die-cast alloy", "temperature": "70 to 140 °C", "unit_in_source": "W m-1 °C-1" }, "method": "Value printed in the physical properties table of the International Zinc Association die-casting alloy guide", "status": "ground", "source": "iza-physical", "where": "Physical Properties table, row Thermal Conductivity at 70-140 °C, column ZP5", "source_detail": { "title": "International Zinc Association: zinc diecasting alloys, physical properties", "id": "IZA diecasting alloy guide", "url": "https://diecasting.zinc.org/properties/en/alloy_properties/eng_prop_a_physical-properties/", "kind": "report", "license": "IZA web page, cited not reproduced" } }, { "benchmark": "specific_heat", "label": "Specific heat capacity, Zamak 5 (ZP5)", "value": 418.7, "bound": "exact", "unit": "J/(kg·K)", "scope": "material", "conditions": { "alloy": "Zamak 5 (ZP5)", "condition": "die-cast alloy", "temperature": "20 to 100 °C", "unit_in_source": "J/kg/°C" }, "method": "Value printed in the physical properties table of the International Zinc Association die-casting alloy guide", "status": "ground", "source": "iza-physical", "where": "Physical Properties table, row Specific Heat Capacity at 20-100 °C, column ZP5", "source_detail": { "title": "International Zinc Association: zinc diecasting alloys, physical properties", "id": "IZA diecasting alloy guide", "url": "https://diecasting.zinc.org/properties/en/alloy_properties/eng_prop_a_physical-properties/", "kind": "report", "license": "IZA web page, cited not reproduced" } }, { "benchmark": "electrical_conductivity", "label": "Electrical conductivity, Zamak 5 (ZP5)", "value": 27.2, "bound": "exact", "unit": "% IACS", "scope": "material", "conditions": { "alloy": "Zamak 5 (ZP5)", "condition": "die-cast alloy", "temperature": "not stated" }, "method": "Value printed in the physical properties table of the International Zinc Association die-casting alloy guide", "status": "ground", "note": "Custom benchmark name, not in property-canon.yaml.", "source": "iza-physical", "where": "Physical Properties table, row Electrical Conductivity % IACS, column ZP5", "source_detail": { "title": "International Zinc Association: zinc diecasting alloys, physical properties", "id": "IZA diecasting alloy guide", "url": "https://diecasting.zinc.org/properties/en/alloy_properties/eng_prop_a_physical-properties/", "kind": "report", "license": "IZA web page, cited not reproduced" } }, { "benchmark": "melting_point", "label": "Melting temperature range, Zamak 5 (ZP5)", "value": 380, "value_high": 386, "bound": "range", "unit": "°C", "scope": "material", "conditions": { "alloy": "Zamak 5 (ZP5)", "condition": "die-cast alloy", "reading": "melting temperature range, solidus to liquidus" }, "method": "Range printed in the physical properties table of the International Zinc Association die-casting alloy guide", "status": "ground", "source": "iza-physical", "where": "Physical Properties table, row Melting Temperature Range, column ZP5", "source_detail": { "title": "International Zinc Association: zinc diecasting alloys, physical properties", "id": "IZA diecasting alloy guide", "url": "https://diecasting.zinc.org/properties/en/alloy_properties/eng_prop_a_physical-properties/", "kind": "report", "license": "IZA web page, cited not reproduced" } }, { "benchmark": "specific_gravity", "label": "Specific gravity, Zamak 2 (ZP2), zero porosity", "value": 6.8, "bound": "exact", "unit": "-", "scope": "material", "conditions": { "alloy": "Zamak 2 (ZP2)", "condition": "die-cast alloy, zero porosity", "temperature": "21 °C", "unit_in_source": "specific gravity (no unit printed)" }, "method": "Value printed in the physical properties table of the International Zinc Association die-casting alloy guide; specific gravity is a ratio, so the unit is recorded as a dash", "status": "ground", "note": "Custom benchmark name, not in property-canon.yaml.", "source": "iza-physical", "where": "Physical Properties table, row Specific Gravity at 21 °C (zero porosity), column ZP2", "source_detail": { "title": "International Zinc Association: zinc diecasting alloys, physical properties", "id": "IZA diecasting alloy guide", "url": "https://diecasting.zinc.org/properties/en/alloy_properties/eng_prop_a_physical-properties/", "kind": "report", "license": "IZA web page, cited not reproduced" } }, { "benchmark": "cte", "label": "Thermal expansion, Zamak 2 (ZP2)", "value": 27.2, "bound": "exact", "unit": "µm/m/°C", "scope": "material", "conditions": { "alloy": "Zamak 2 (ZP2)", "condition": "die-cast alloy", "temperature": "20 to 100 °C", "unit_in_source": "µm/m/°C" }, "method": "Value printed in the physical properties table of the International Zinc Association die-casting alloy guide", "status": "ground", "source": "iza-physical", "where": "Physical Properties table, row Thermal Expansion at 20-100 °C, column ZP2", "source_detail": { "title": "International Zinc Association: zinc diecasting alloys, physical properties", "id": "IZA diecasting alloy guide", "url": "https://diecasting.zinc.org/properties/en/alloy_properties/eng_prop_a_physical-properties/", "kind": "report", "license": "IZA web page, cited not reproduced" } }, { "benchmark": "thermal_conductivity", "label": "Thermal conductivity, Zamak 2 (ZP2)", "value": 104.7, "bound": "exact", "unit": "W/(m·K)", "scope": "material", "conditions": { "alloy": "Zamak 2 (ZP2)", "condition": "die-cast alloy", "temperature": "70 to 140 °C", "unit_in_source": "W m-1 °C-1" }, "method": "Value printed in the physical properties table of the International Zinc Association die-casting alloy guide", "status": "ground", "source": "iza-physical", "where": "Physical Properties table, row Thermal Conductivity at 70-140 °C, column ZP2", "source_detail": { "title": "International Zinc Association: zinc diecasting alloys, physical properties", "id": "IZA diecasting alloy guide", "url": "https://diecasting.zinc.org/properties/en/alloy_properties/eng_prop_a_physical-properties/", "kind": "report", "license": "IZA web page, cited not reproduced" } }, { "benchmark": "specific_heat", "label": "Specific heat capacity, Zamak 2 (ZP2)", "value": 418.7, "bound": "exact", "unit": "J/(kg·K)", "scope": "material", "conditions": { "alloy": "Zamak 2 (ZP2)", "condition": "die-cast alloy", "temperature": "20 to 100 °C", "unit_in_source": "J/kg/°C" }, "method": "Value printed in the physical properties table of the International Zinc Association die-casting alloy guide", "status": "ground", "source": "iza-physical", "where": "Physical Properties table, row Specific Heat Capacity at 20-100 °C, column ZP2", "source_detail": { "title": "International Zinc Association: zinc diecasting alloys, physical properties", "id": "IZA diecasting alloy guide", "url": "https://diecasting.zinc.org/properties/en/alloy_properties/eng_prop_a_physical-properties/", "kind": "report", "license": "IZA web page, cited not reproduced" } }, { "benchmark": "electrical_conductivity", "label": "Electrical conductivity, Zamak 2 (ZP2)", "value": 27.2, "bound": "exact", "unit": "% IACS", "scope": "material", "conditions": { "alloy": "Zamak 2 (ZP2)", "condition": "die-cast alloy", "temperature": "not stated" }, "method": "Value printed in the physical properties table of the International Zinc Association die-casting alloy guide", "status": "ground", "note": "Custom benchmark name, not in property-canon.yaml.", "source": "iza-physical", "where": "Physical Properties table, row Electrical Conductivity % IACS, column ZP2", "source_detail": { "title": "International Zinc Association: zinc diecasting alloys, physical properties", "id": "IZA diecasting alloy guide", "url": "https://diecasting.zinc.org/properties/en/alloy_properties/eng_prop_a_physical-properties/", "kind": "report", "license": "IZA web page, cited not reproduced" } }, { "benchmark": "melting_point", "label": "Melting temperature range, Zamak 2 (ZP2)", "value": 379, "value_high": 390, "bound": "range", "unit": "°C", "scope": "material", "conditions": { "alloy": "Zamak 2 (ZP2)", "condition": "die-cast alloy", "reading": "melting temperature range, solidus to liquidus" }, "method": "Range printed in the physical properties table of the International Zinc Association die-casting alloy guide", "status": "ground", "source": "iza-physical", "where": "Physical Properties table, row Melting Temperature Range, column ZP2", "source_detail": { "title": "International Zinc Association: zinc diecasting alloys, physical properties", "id": "IZA diecasting alloy guide", "url": "https://diecasting.zinc.org/properties/en/alloy_properties/eng_prop_a_physical-properties/", "kind": "report", "license": "IZA web page, cited not reproduced" } }, { "benchmark": "specific_gravity", "label": "Specific gravity, ZA-8 (ZP8), zero porosity", "value": 6.3, "bound": "exact", "unit": "-", "scope": "material", "conditions": { "alloy": "ZA-8 (ZP8)", "condition": "die-cast alloy, zero porosity", "temperature": "21 °C", "unit_in_source": "specific gravity (no unit printed)" }, "method": "Value printed in the physical properties table of the International Zinc Association die-casting alloy guide; specific gravity is a ratio, so the unit is recorded as a dash", "status": "ground", "note": "Custom benchmark name, not in property-canon.yaml.", "source": "iza-physical", "where": "Physical Properties table, row Specific Gravity at 21 °C (zero porosity), column ZP8", "source_detail": { "title": "International Zinc Association: zinc diecasting alloys, physical properties", "id": "IZA diecasting alloy guide", "url": "https://diecasting.zinc.org/properties/en/alloy_properties/eng_prop_a_physical-properties/", "kind": "report", "license": "IZA web page, cited not reproduced" } }, { "benchmark": "cte", "label": "Thermal expansion, ZA-8 (ZP8)", "value": 27.3, "bound": "exact", "unit": "µm/m/°C", "scope": "material", "conditions": { "alloy": "ZA-8 (ZP8)", "condition": "die-cast alloy", "temperature": "20 to 100 °C", "unit_in_source": "µm/m/°C" }, "method": "Value printed in the physical properties table of the International Zinc Association die-casting alloy guide", "status": "ground", "source": "iza-physical", "where": "Physical Properties table, row Thermal Expansion at 20-100 °C, column ZP8", "source_detail": { "title": "International Zinc Association: zinc diecasting alloys, physical properties", "id": "IZA diecasting alloy guide", "url": "https://diecasting.zinc.org/properties/en/alloy_properties/eng_prop_a_physical-properties/", "kind": "report", "license": "IZA web page, cited not reproduced" } }, { "benchmark": "thermal_conductivity", "label": "Thermal conductivity, ZA-8 (ZP8)", "value": 114.7, "bound": "exact", "unit": "W/(m·K)", "scope": "material", "conditions": { "alloy": "ZA-8 (ZP8)", "condition": "die-cast alloy", "temperature": "70 to 140 °C", "unit_in_source": "W m-1 °C-1" }, "method": "Value printed in the physical properties table of the International Zinc Association die-casting alloy guide", "status": "ground", "source": "iza-physical", "where": "Physical Properties table, row Thermal Conductivity at 70-140 °C, column ZP8", "source_detail": { "title": "International Zinc Association: zinc diecasting alloys, physical properties", "id": "IZA diecasting alloy guide", "url": "https://diecasting.zinc.org/properties/en/alloy_properties/eng_prop_a_physical-properties/", "kind": "report", "license": "IZA web page, cited not reproduced" } }, { "benchmark": "specific_heat", "label": "Specific heat capacity, ZA-8 (ZP8)", "value": 435.4, "bound": "exact", "unit": "J/(kg·K)", "scope": "material", "conditions": { "alloy": "ZA-8 (ZP8)", "condition": "die-cast alloy", "temperature": "20 to 100 °C", "unit_in_source": "J/kg/°C" }, "method": "Value printed in the physical properties table of the International Zinc Association die-casting alloy guide", "status": "ground", "source": "iza-physical", "where": "Physical Properties table, row Specific Heat Capacity at 20-100 °C, column ZP8", "source_detail": { "title": "International Zinc Association: zinc diecasting alloys, physical properties", "id": "IZA diecasting alloy guide", "url": "https://diecasting.zinc.org/properties/en/alloy_properties/eng_prop_a_physical-properties/", "kind": "report", "license": "IZA web page, cited not reproduced" } }, { "benchmark": "electrical_conductivity", "label": "Electrical conductivity, ZA-8 (ZP8)", "value": 27.4, "bound": "exact", "unit": "% IACS", "scope": "material", "conditions": { "alloy": "ZA-8 (ZP8)", "condition": "die-cast alloy", "temperature": "not stated" }, "method": "Value printed in the physical properties table of the International Zinc Association die-casting alloy guide", "status": "ground", "note": "Custom benchmark name, not in property-canon.yaml.", "source": "iza-physical", "where": "Physical Properties table, row Electrical Conductivity % IACS, column ZP8", "source_detail": { "title": "International Zinc Association: zinc diecasting alloys, physical properties", "id": "IZA diecasting alloy guide", "url": "https://diecasting.zinc.org/properties/en/alloy_properties/eng_prop_a_physical-properties/", "kind": "report", "license": "IZA web page, cited not reproduced" } }, { "benchmark": "melting_point", "label": "Melting temperature range, ZA-8 (ZP8)", "value": 375, "value_high": 404, "bound": "range", "unit": "°C", "scope": "material", "conditions": { "alloy": "ZA-8 (ZP8)", "condition": "die-cast alloy", "reading": "melting temperature range, solidus to liquidus" }, "method": "Range printed in the physical properties table of the International Zinc Association die-casting alloy guide", "status": "ground", "source": "iza-physical", "where": "Physical Properties table, row Melting Temperature Range, column ZP8", "source_detail": { "title": "International Zinc Association: zinc diecasting alloys, physical properties", "id": "IZA diecasting alloy guide", "url": "https://diecasting.zinc.org/properties/en/alloy_properties/eng_prop_a_physical-properties/", "kind": "report", "license": "IZA web page, cited not reproduced" } }, { "benchmark": "post_casting_contraction", "label": "Post-casting contraction, Zamak 3, 5 weeks after stabilisation", "value": 0.02, "bound": "exact", "unit": "%", "scope": "material", "conditions": { "alloy": "Zamak 3 (ZP3)", "condition": "aged: stabilised (3 to 6 h at 100 °C, or 5 to 10 h at 85 °C, or 10 to 20 h at 70 °C), then measured after 5 weeks", "reading": "contraction as stabilised" }, "method": "Contraction printed in the Dimensional Stability As Stabilised table of the International Zinc Association guide", "status": "ground", "note": "Custom benchmark name, not in property-canon.yaml.", "source": "iza-physical", "where": "Dimensional Stability As Stabilised table, row 5 weeks, column ZP3", "source_detail": { "title": "International Zinc Association: zinc diecasting alloys, physical properties", "id": "IZA diecasting alloy guide", "url": "https://diecasting.zinc.org/properties/en/alloy_properties/eng_prop_a_physical-properties/", "kind": "report", "license": "IZA web page, cited not reproduced" } }, { "benchmark": "post_casting_contraction", "label": "Post-casting contraction, Zamak 3, 2 years after stabilisation", "value": 0.03, "bound": "exact", "unit": "%", "scope": "material", "conditions": { "alloy": "Zamak 3 (ZP3)", "condition": "aged: stabilised (3 to 6 h at 100 °C, or 5 to 10 h at 85 °C, or 10 to 20 h at 70 °C), then measured after 2 years", "reading": "contraction as stabilised" }, "method": "Contraction printed in the Dimensional Stability As Stabilised table of the International Zinc Association guide", "status": "ground", "note": "Custom benchmark name, not in property-canon.yaml.", "source": "iza-physical", "where": "Dimensional Stability As Stabilised table, row 2 Years, column ZP3", "source_detail": { "title": "International Zinc Association: zinc diecasting alloys, physical properties", "id": "IZA diecasting alloy guide", "url": "https://diecasting.zinc.org/properties/en/alloy_properties/eng_prop_a_physical-properties/", "kind": "report", "license": "IZA web page, cited not reproduced" } }, { "benchmark": "post_casting_contraction", "label": "Post-casting contraction, Zamak 5, 5 weeks after stabilisation", "value": 0.021, "bound": "exact", "unit": "%", "scope": "material", "conditions": { "alloy": "Zamak 5 (ZP5)", "condition": "aged: stabilised (3 to 6 h at 100 °C, or 5 to 10 h at 85 °C, or 10 to 20 h at 70 °C), then measured after 5 weeks", "reading": "contraction as stabilised" }, "method": "Contraction printed in the Dimensional Stability As Stabilised table of the International Zinc Association guide", "status": "ground", "note": "Custom benchmark name, not in property-canon.yaml.", "source": "iza-physical", "where": "Dimensional Stability As Stabilised table, row 5 weeks, column ZP5", "source_detail": { "title": "International Zinc Association: zinc diecasting alloys, physical properties", "id": "IZA diecasting alloy guide", "url": "https://diecasting.zinc.org/properties/en/alloy_properties/eng_prop_a_physical-properties/", "kind": "report", "license": "IZA web page, cited not reproduced" } }, { "benchmark": "post_casting_contraction", "label": "Post-casting contraction, Zamak 5, 2 years after stabilisation", "value": 0.037, "bound": "exact", "unit": "%", "scope": "material", "conditions": { "alloy": "Zamak 5 (ZP5)", "condition": "aged: stabilised (3 to 6 h at 100 °C, or 5 to 10 h at 85 °C, or 10 to 20 h at 70 °C), then measured after 2 years", "reading": "contraction as stabilised" }, "method": "Contraction printed in the Dimensional Stability As Stabilised table of the International Zinc Association guide", "status": "ground", "note": "Custom benchmark name, not in property-canon.yaml.", "source": "iza-physical", "where": "Dimensional Stability As Stabilised table, row 2 Years, column ZP5", "source_detail": { "title": "International Zinc Association: zinc diecasting alloys, physical properties", "id": "IZA diecasting alloy guide", "url": "https://diecasting.zinc.org/properties/en/alloy_properties/eng_prop_a_physical-properties/", "kind": "report", "license": "IZA web page, cited not reproduced" } }, { "benchmark": "post_casting_contraction", "label": "Post-casting contraction, Zamak 2, 5 weeks after stabilisation", "value": 0.022, "bound": "exact", "unit": "%", "scope": "material", "conditions": { "alloy": "Zamak 2 (ZP2)", "condition": "aged: stabilised (3 to 6 h at 100 °C, or 5 to 10 h at 85 °C, or 10 to 20 h at 70 °C), then measured after 5 weeks", "reading": "contraction as stabilised" }, "method": "Contraction printed in the Dimensional Stability As Stabilised table of the International Zinc Association guide", "status": "ground", "note": "Custom benchmark name, not in property-canon.yaml.", "source": "iza-physical", "where": "Dimensional Stability As Stabilised table, row 5 weeks, column ZP2", "source_detail": { "title": "International Zinc Association: zinc diecasting alloys, physical properties", "id": "IZA diecasting alloy guide", "url": "https://diecasting.zinc.org/properties/en/alloy_properties/eng_prop_a_physical-properties/", "kind": "report", "license": "IZA web page, cited not reproduced" } }, { "benchmark": "post_casting_contraction", "label": "Post-casting contraction, Zamak 2, 2 years after stabilisation", "value": 0.037, "bound": "exact", "unit": "%", "scope": "material", "conditions": { "alloy": "Zamak 2 (ZP2)", "condition": "aged: stabilised (3 to 6 h at 100 °C, or 5 to 10 h at 85 °C, or 10 to 20 h at 70 °C), then measured after 2 years", "reading": "contraction as stabilised" }, "method": "Contraction printed in the Dimensional Stability As Stabilised table of the International Zinc Association guide", "status": "ground", "note": "Custom benchmark name, not in property-canon.yaml. ZP8 is not in this table.", "source": "iza-physical", "where": "Dimensional Stability As Stabilised table, row 2 Years, column ZP2", "source_detail": { "title": "International Zinc Association: zinc diecasting alloys, physical properties", "id": "IZA diecasting alloy guide", "url": "https://diecasting.zinc.org/properties/en/alloy_properties/eng_prop_a_physical-properties/", "kind": "report", "license": "IZA web page, cited not reproduced" } }, { "benchmark": "ultimate_tensile_strength", "label": "Tensile strength typical, Zamak 3 (ZP3)", "value": 315, "bound": "exact", "unit": "MPa", "scope": "material", "conditions": { "alloy": "Zamak 3 (ZP3)", "condition": "as cast, measured about 8 weeks after casting", "test": "flat test specimen 1.5 mm thick, 10 mm per minute (IZA note 1)", "unit_in_source": "MPa" }, "method": "Value printed in the Ultimate Tensile Strength row of the IZA mechanical properties table; typical, not a minimum", "status": "ground", "source": "iza-mech", "where": "Mechanical Properties table, Ultimate Tensile Strength (MPa), column ZP3", "source_detail": { "title": "International Zinc Association: zinc diecasting alloys, mechanical properties", "id": "IZA diecasting alloy guide", "url": "https://diecasting.zinc.org/properties/en/alloy_properties/eng_prop_mechanical-properties/", "kind": "report", "license": "IZA web page, cited not reproduced" } }, { "benchmark": "ultimate_tensile_strength", "label": "Tensile strength typical, Zamak 5 (ZP5)", "value": 331, "bound": "exact", "unit": "MPa", "scope": "material", "conditions": { "alloy": "Zamak 5 (ZP5)", "condition": "as cast, measured about 8 weeks after casting", "test": "flat test specimen 1.5 mm thick, 10 mm per minute (IZA note 1)", "unit_in_source": "MPa" }, "method": "Value printed in the Ultimate Tensile Strength row of the IZA mechanical properties table; typical, not a minimum", "status": "ground", "source": "iza-mech", "where": "Mechanical Properties table, Ultimate Tensile Strength (MPa), column ZP5", "source_detail": { "title": "International Zinc Association: zinc diecasting alloys, mechanical properties", "id": "IZA diecasting alloy guide", "url": "https://diecasting.zinc.org/properties/en/alloy_properties/eng_prop_mechanical-properties/", "kind": "report", "license": "IZA web page, cited not reproduced" } }, { "benchmark": "ultimate_tensile_strength", "label": "Tensile strength typical, Zamak 2 (ZP2)", "value": 397, "bound": "exact", "unit": "MPa", "scope": "material", "conditions": { "alloy": "Zamak 2 (ZP2)", "condition": "as cast, measured about 8 weeks after casting", "test": "flat test specimen 1.5 mm thick, 10 mm per minute (IZA note 1)", "unit_in_source": "MPa" }, "method": "Value printed in the Ultimate Tensile Strength row of the IZA mechanical properties table; typical, not a minimum", "status": "ground", "source": "iza-mech", "where": "Mechanical Properties table, Ultimate Tensile Strength (MPa), column ZP2", "source_detail": { "title": "International Zinc Association: zinc diecasting alloys, mechanical properties", "id": "IZA diecasting alloy guide", "url": "https://diecasting.zinc.org/properties/en/alloy_properties/eng_prop_mechanical-properties/", "kind": "report", "license": "IZA web page, cited not reproduced" } }, { "benchmark": "ultimate_tensile_strength", "label": "Tensile strength typical, ZA-8 (ZP8)", "value": 386.8, "bound": "exact", "unit": "MPa", "scope": "material", "conditions": { "alloy": "ZA-8 (ZP8)", "condition": "as cast, measured about 8 weeks after casting", "test": "flat test specimen 1.5 mm thick, 10 mm per minute (IZA note 1)", "unit_in_source": "MPa (printed 386,8)" }, "method": "Value printed in the Ultimate Tensile Strength row of the IZA mechanical properties table; typical, not a minimum. The source uses a decimal comma, recorded as a decimal point.", "status": "ground", "source": "iza-mech", "where": "Mechanical Properties table, Ultimate Tensile Strength (MPa), column ZP8", "source_detail": { "title": "International Zinc Association: zinc diecasting alloys, mechanical properties", "id": "IZA diecasting alloy guide", "url": "https://diecasting.zinc.org/properties/en/alloy_properties/eng_prop_mechanical-properties/", "kind": "report", "license": "IZA web page, cited not reproduced" } }, { "benchmark": "yield_strength", "label": "Yield strength 0.2 percent offset typical, Zamak 3 (ZP3)", "value": 276, "bound": "exact", "unit": "MPa", "scope": "material", "conditions": { "alloy": "Zamak 3 (ZP3)", "condition": "as cast, measured about 8 weeks after casting", "test": "flat test specimen 1.5 mm thick, 10 mm per minute (IZA note 1)", "unit_in_source": "MPa" }, "method": "Value printed in the Yield Strength 0.2% Offset row of the IZA mechanical properties table; typical, not a minimum", "status": "ground", "source": "iza-mech", "where": "Mechanical Properties table, Yield Strength 0.2% Offset (MPa), column ZP3", "source_detail": { "title": "International Zinc Association: zinc diecasting alloys, mechanical properties", "id": "IZA diecasting alloy guide", "url": "https://diecasting.zinc.org/properties/en/alloy_properties/eng_prop_mechanical-properties/", "kind": "report", "license": "IZA web page, cited not reproduced" } }, { "benchmark": "yield_strength", "label": "Yield strength 0.2 percent offset typical, Zamak 5 (ZP5)", "value": 295, "bound": "exact", "unit": "MPa", "scope": "material", "conditions": { "alloy": "Zamak 5 (ZP5)", "condition": "as cast, measured about 8 weeks after casting", "test": "flat test specimen 1.5 mm thick, 10 mm per minute (IZA note 1)", "unit_in_source": "MPa" }, "method": "Value printed in the Yield Strength 0.2% Offset row of the IZA mechanical properties table; typical, not a minimum", "status": "ground", "source": "iza-mech", "where": "Mechanical Properties table, Yield Strength 0.2% Offset (MPa), column ZP5", "source_detail": { "title": "International Zinc Association: zinc diecasting alloys, mechanical properties", "id": "IZA diecasting alloy guide", "url": "https://diecasting.zinc.org/properties/en/alloy_properties/eng_prop_mechanical-properties/", "kind": "report", "license": "IZA web page, cited not reproduced" } }, { "benchmark": "yield_strength", "label": "Yield strength 0.2 percent offset typical, Zamak 2 (ZP2)", "value": 360, "bound": "exact", "unit": "MPa", "scope": "material", "conditions": { "alloy": "Zamak 2 (ZP2)", "condition": "as cast, measured about 8 weeks after casting", "test": "flat test specimen 1.5 mm thick, 10 mm per minute (IZA note 1)", "unit_in_source": "MPa" }, "method": "Value printed in the Yield Strength 0.2% Offset row of the IZA mechanical properties table; typical, not a minimum", "status": "ground", "source": "iza-mech", "where": "Mechanical Properties table, Yield Strength 0.2% Offset (MPa), column ZP2", "source_detail": { "title": "International Zinc Association: zinc diecasting alloys, mechanical properties", "id": "IZA diecasting alloy guide", "url": "https://diecasting.zinc.org/properties/en/alloy_properties/eng_prop_mechanical-properties/", "kind": "report", "license": "IZA web page, cited not reproduced" } }, { "benchmark": "yield_strength", "label": "Yield strength 0.2 percent offset typical, ZA-8 (ZP8)", "value": 318.6, "bound": "exact", "unit": "MPa", "scope": "material", "conditions": { "alloy": "ZA-8 (ZP8)", "condition": "as cast, measured about 8 weeks after casting", "test": "flat test specimen 1.5 mm thick, 10 mm per minute (IZA note 1)", "unit_in_source": "MPa (printed 318,6)" }, "method": "Value printed in the Yield Strength 0.2% Offset row of the IZA mechanical properties table; typical, not a minimum. Decimal comma recorded as a decimal point.", "status": "ground", "source": "iza-mech", "where": "Mechanical Properties table, Yield Strength 0.2% Offset (MPa), column ZP8", "source_detail": { "title": "International Zinc Association: zinc diecasting alloys, mechanical properties", "id": "IZA diecasting alloy guide", "url": "https://diecasting.zinc.org/properties/en/alloy_properties/eng_prop_mechanical-properties/", "kind": "report", "license": "IZA web page, cited not reproduced" } }, { "benchmark": "brinell_hardness", "label": "Hardness Brinell typical, Zamak 3 (ZP3)", "value": 97, "bound": "exact", "unit": "HB", "scope": "material", "conditions": { "alloy": "Zamak 3 (ZP3)", "condition": "as cast, measured about 8 weeks after casting", "test": "flat test specimen 1.5 mm thick (IZA note 1)" }, "method": "Value printed in the Hardness Brinell row of the IZA mechanical properties table", "status": "ground", "note": "Custom benchmark name, not in property-canon.yaml.", "source": "iza-mech", "where": "Mechanical Properties table, Hardness: Brinell row, column ZP3", "source_detail": { "title": "International Zinc Association: zinc diecasting alloys, mechanical properties", "id": "IZA diecasting alloy guide", "url": "https://diecasting.zinc.org/properties/en/alloy_properties/eng_prop_mechanical-properties/", "kind": "report", "license": "IZA web page, cited not reproduced" } }, { "benchmark": "brinell_hardness", "label": "Hardness Brinell typical, Zamak 5 (ZP5)", "value": 114, "bound": "exact", "unit": "HB", "scope": "material", "conditions": { "alloy": "Zamak 5 (ZP5)", "condition": "as cast, measured about 8 weeks after casting", "test": "flat test specimen 1.5 mm thick (IZA note 1)" }, "method": "Value printed in the Hardness Brinell row of the IZA mechanical properties table", "status": "ground", "note": "Custom benchmark name, not in property-canon.yaml.", "source": "iza-mech", "where": "Mechanical Properties table, Hardness: Brinell row, column ZP5", "source_detail": { "title": "International Zinc Association: zinc diecasting alloys, mechanical properties", "id": "IZA diecasting alloy guide", "url": "https://diecasting.zinc.org/properties/en/alloy_properties/eng_prop_mechanical-properties/", "kind": "report", "license": "IZA web page, cited not reproduced" } }, { "benchmark": "brinell_hardness", "label": "Hardness Brinell typical, Zamak 2 (ZP2)", "value": 130, "bound": "exact", "unit": "HB", "scope": "material", "conditions": { "alloy": "Zamak 2 (ZP2)", "condition": "as cast, measured about 8 weeks after casting", "test": "flat test specimen 1.5 mm thick (IZA note 1)" }, "method": "Value printed in the Hardness Brinell row of the IZA mechanical properties table", "status": "ground", "note": "Custom benchmark name, not in property-canon.yaml.", "source": "iza-mech", "where": "Mechanical Properties table, Hardness: Brinell row, column ZP2", "source_detail": { "title": "International Zinc Association: zinc diecasting alloys, mechanical properties", "id": "IZA diecasting alloy guide", "url": "https://diecasting.zinc.org/properties/en/alloy_properties/eng_prop_mechanical-properties/", "kind": "report", "license": "IZA web page, cited not reproduced" } }, { "benchmark": "brinell_hardness", "label": "Hardness Brinell typical range, ZA-8 (ZP8)", "value": 95, "value_high": 110, "bound": "range", "unit": "HB", "scope": "material", "conditions": { "alloy": "ZA-8 (ZP8)", "condition": "as cast, measured about 8 weeks after casting", "test": "flat test specimen 1.5 mm thick (IZA note 1)" }, "method": "Range printed in the Hardness Brinell row of the IZA mechanical properties table", "status": "ground", "note": "Custom benchmark name, not in property-canon.yaml. The ICAST ZA-8 sheet prints 85 to 103 HB, from a different test.", "source": "iza-mech", "where": "Mechanical Properties table, Hardness: Brinell row, column ZP8", "source_detail": { "title": "International Zinc Association: zinc diecasting alloys, mechanical properties", "id": "IZA diecasting alloy guide", "url": "https://diecasting.zinc.org/properties/en/alloy_properties/eng_prop_mechanical-properties/", "kind": "report", "license": "IZA web page, cited not reproduced" } }, { "benchmark": "ultimate_tensile_strength", "label": "Tensile strength after 20 years outdoors, Zamak 3 equivalent (ZP3)", "value": 207, "bound": "exact", "unit": "MPa", "scope": "material", "conditions": { "alloy": "Pressure diecast zinc alloy, ASTM AG 40A equivalent (ZP3)", "exposure": "outdoor, New York industrial and marine site, 20 years", "original": "253 MPa" }, "method": "Value printed in the Combined Effect of Exposure and Ageing table for the New York outdoor column; the original value in the same table is 253 MPa", "status": "ground", "source": "iza-corr", "where": "Combined Effect of Exposure and Ageing on the Mechanical Properties table, Tensile strength MPa, New York outdoor, Twenty years row", "source_detail": { "title": "International Zinc Association: zinc diecasting alloys, corrosion properties", "id": "IZA diecasting alloy guide", "url": "https://diecasting.zinc.org/properties/en/alloy_properties/eng_prop_a_corrosion-properties/", "kind": "report", "license": "IZA web page, cited not reproduced" } }, { "benchmark": "atmospheric_corrosion_rate", "label": "Atmospheric corrosion rate, diecast zinc alloy, New York industrial", "value": 6, "bound": "exact", "unit": "µm/yr", "scope": "material", "conditions": { "alloy": "Diecast zinc alloy (alloy not named in the table)", "location": "New York, USA", "atmosphere": "industrial", "unit_in_source": "micron/yr" }, "method": "Value printed in the Corrosion Rates of Zinc and Zinc Alloys table; the table prints 6.00", "status": "ground", "note": "Custom benchmark name, not in property-canon.yaml. IZA says the rate is unlikely to exceed 12 micron/yr for diecast zinc.", "source": "iza-corr", "where": "Corrosion Rates of Zinc and Zinc Alloys in Various Atmospheres table, row Diecast zinc alloy, New York, industrial", "source_detail": { "title": "International Zinc Association: zinc diecasting alloys, corrosion properties", "id": "IZA diecasting alloy guide", "url": "https://diecasting.zinc.org/properties/en/alloy_properties/eng_prop_a_corrosion-properties/", "kind": "report", "license": "IZA web page, cited not reproduced" } }, { "benchmark": "atmospheric_corrosion_rate", "label": "Atmospheric corrosion rate, diecast zinc alloy, Key West marine", "value": 10, "bound": "exact", "unit": "µm/yr", "scope": "material", "conditions": { "alloy": "Diecast zinc alloy (alloy not named in the table)", "location": "Key West, Florida, USA", "atmosphere": "marine", "unit_in_source": "micron/yr" }, "method": "Value printed in the Corrosion Rates of Zinc and Zinc Alloys table; the table prints 10.00", "status": "ground", "note": "Custom benchmark name, not in property-canon.yaml. Montauk Point, Long Island, also prints 10.00 for diecast zinc alloy.", "source": "iza-corr", "where": "Corrosion Rates of Zinc and Zinc Alloys in Various Atmospheres table, row Diecast zinc alloy, Key West Florida, marine", "source_detail": { "title": "International Zinc Association: zinc diecasting alloys, corrosion properties", "id": "IZA diecasting alloy guide", "url": "https://diecasting.zinc.org/properties/en/alloy_properties/eng_prop_a_corrosion-properties/", "kind": "report", "license": "IZA web page, cited not reproduced" } } ], "corrosion": [ { "environment": "Outdoor air, urban and industrial (diecast zinc alloys)", "headline": "Outdoors, unprotected diecast zinc alloy loses its bright finish and forms a closely adherent corrosion coat that slows further attack.", "effect": "IZA says the rate is unlikely to exceed 12 micron/yr and may be as low as one-tenth of that. It measured 6.00 micron/yr for diecast alloy at New York, an industrial site. IZA says reduced SO2 levels in Europe have lowered rates in urban and industrial air, so the printed industrial figures may be higher than seen in practice.", "rating": "low", "conditions": { "exposure": "unprotected outdoor exposure, industrial and urban atmospheres", "basis": "table of measured rates in micron/yr, diecast alloy set against high-purity zinc", "agent": "SO2 levels in the atmosphere, as IZA discusses them" }, "source": "iza-corr", "where": "Corrosion in the Atmosphere section, and the Corrosion Rates table (New York industrial row)" }, { "environment": "Marine air (Key West, Florida and Montauk Point, New York)", "headline": "In marine air diecast zinc alloy corrodes at about 10 micron/yr, so a protective finish is needed.", "effect": "IZA measured 10.00 micron/yr for diecast alloy at Key West and at Montauk Point. It says higher rates under severe industrial and marine conditions must be prevented, and that a protective finish coating will be required where they must be.", "rating": "moderate", "conditions": { "exposure": "coastal and marine outdoor sites", "basis": "measured rates in micron/yr; no rate given for Zamak 2 or ZA-8 specifically" }, "source": "iza-corr", "where": "Corrosion in the Atmosphere section, Corrosion Rates table (marine rows)" }, { "environment": "Condensation on the surface, indoors or outdoors", "headline": "Where condensation stays on the surface, die castings form white corrosion product that resembles white rust on galvanised steel.", "effect": "IZA says this form of corrosion does not normally cause very rapid metal loss, but a conversion coating protects where appearance matters. It recommends a conversion coating for castings transported through the tropics, or used unprotected on exterior coastal sites.", "rating": "moderate", "conditions": { "exposure": "condensation that remains on the surface for extended periods", "basis": "qualitative statement, no measured rate" }, "source": "iza-corr", "where": "Corrosion in the Atmosphere section, paragraph beginning Under any conditions" }, { "environment": "Tin and lead impurities above the specified limits", "headline": "Intercrystalline corrosion can lead to rapid failure, but only when tin or lead exceed the specified levels.", "effect": "IZA says castings meeting EN 12844 and similar specifications are not subject to intercrystalline corrosion. Reputable die casters keep the analysis under strict control, so impurities do not reach harmful levels in most countries.", "rating": "severe", "conditions": { "trigger": "tin or lead above the specified limits", "basis": "qualitative statement from IZA, no test data" }, "source": "iza-corr", "where": "Corrosion Resistance introductory paragraph" } ], "risks": { "hazards": [ { "text": "PubChem's GHS summary is for zinc metal, not a Zamak alloy. It notes that 387 of 2,624 company reports (14.7%) say zinc does not meet GHS hazard criteria, and that classification varies with form, for example powder versus solid.", "ghs": [], "source": "pubchem-zn-ghs", "where": "GHS Classification section, aggregated information note" }, { "text": "The zinc record includes H250 (catches fire spontaneously if exposed to air) and H260 (in contact with water releases flammable gases). These apply to zinc powder and dust, not solid castings.", "ghs": [ "H250", "H260" ], "source": "pubchem-zn-ghs", "where": "GHS Classification section, Danger block, H250 and H260 lines" }, { "text": "The zinc record includes H400 and H410 (very toxic to aquatic life, the second with long lasting effects) and one notification with H320 (causes eye irritation).", "ghs": [ "H400", "H410", "H320" ], "source": "pubchem-zn-ghs", "where": "GHS Classification section, Warning blocks" } ], "failure_risks": [ { "mode": "Post-casting shrinkage of die castings", "trigger": "Precision castings left at room temperature without stabilisation", "consequence": "IZA gives stabilised contraction of 0.02 % at 5 weeks and 0.03 % at 2 years for Zamak 3, 0.021 % and 0.037 % for Zamak 5, and 0.022 % and 0.037 % for Zamak 2. ZP8 is not in that table.", "severity": "low", "source": "iza-physical", "where": "Dimensional Stability As Stabilised table" }, { "mode": "Creep under sustained load", "trigger": "Long-term loading, especially at elevated temperature", "consequence": "IZA says zinc alloy castings are liable to creep and that ZP8 and ZP2 resist creep better than ZP5, which resists it better than ZP3. Creep data were not extracted.", "severity": "moderate", "source": "iza-mech", "where": "Mechanical Properties page, paragraph beginning Because zinc is a low melting point material" }, { "mode": "Intercrystalline corrosion from tin or lead impurities", "trigger": "Tin or lead above the specified limits in the alloy", "consequence": "Can lead to rapid failure of the casting. Castings that meet EN 12844 are not subject to it (IZA).", "severity": "high", "source": "iza-corr", "where": "Corrosion Resistance introductory paragraph" }, { "mode": "Strength loss in long outdoor service", "trigger": "Twenty years of outdoor exposure at a New York industrial and marine site", "consequence": "Tensile strength of the ZP3 equivalent fell from 253 MPa to 207 MPa. IZA says tensile strength and hardness decline with age for ZP3, ZP5 and ZP8, while elongation increases.", "severity": "low", "source": "iza-corr", "where": "Combined Effect of Exposure and Ageing table, New York outdoor column; ageing sentence on the IZA mechanical properties page" }, { "mode": "Porosity in pressure die castings", "trigger": "Trapped air in the die that cannot escape during filling", "consequence": "IZA says practically all zinc pressure die castings contain some porosity, so sound castings are not an absolute condition. Porosity is one reason test values vary between studies.", "severity": "moderate", "source": "iza-mech", "where": "Mechanical Properties page, introductory paragraphs" } ], "side_effects": [ { "text": "PubChem lists H400 and H410 for zinc, meaning very toxic to aquatic life, so releases to water matter.", "affects": "Waterways near zinc releases", "source": "pubchem-zn-ghs", "where": "GHS Classification, aggregated information" } ], "handling": [ { "text": "Keep zinc dust and powder dry and away from water. PubChem gives H260 for zinc, meaning it releases flammable gas in contact with water.", "source": "pubchem-zn-ghs", "where": "GHS Classification, H260 line" }, { "text": "Stabilise precision castings: 3 to 6 hours at 100 °C, or 5 to 10 hours at 85 °C, or 10 to 20 hours at 70 °C, before finishing or measuring.", "source": "iza-physical", "where": "Dimensional stability section, stabilisation paragraph" }, { "text": "Use a conversion coating where white corrosion product must be prevented, and for castings sent through the tropics or left unprotected on exterior coastal sites.", "source": "iza-corr", "where": "Corrosion in the Atmosphere section, condensation paragraph" }, { "text": "Use a protective finish for marine service: IZA measured 10 micron/yr on bare diecast alloy at marine sites.", "source": "iza-corr", "where": "Corrosion Rates table, marine rows" } ], "mitigations": [ { "text": "The stabilisation heat treatment brings forward shrinkage that would otherwise happen slowly after casting.", "source": "iza-physical", "where": "Dimensional stability section, stabilisation paragraph" }, { "text": "Where creep matters, specify ZP8 or ZP2 rather than ZP3, since IZA ranks ZP8 and ZP2 above ZP5 and ZP3 for creep resistance.", "source": "iza-mech", "where": "Mechanical Properties page, creep paragraph" } ] }, "uses": [ { "application": "mechanisms", "device": "Die-cast valve, pump and general-engineering parts (Zamak 3, Zamak 5 and ZA-8)", "example": "ICAST's ASTM B86 sheets state that the alloys are intended for valve, pump, general engineering, automotive and other industries.", "source": "icast-b86-ag40a", "where": "Application line of the ASTM B86 AG40A sheet (the AC41A and ZA-8 sheets print the same line)" }, { "application": "thermal-control", "device": "Heat sinks cast from zinc die-casting alloys", "example": "IZA says the most generally useful properties of these alloys are their good conductivity of heat and electricity, which makes them useful for heat sinks, wave-guides and EMI shielding.", "source": "iza-physical", "where": "Heat Sink Design section" }, { "application": "electronics-and-chips", "device": "EMI shielding and wave-guides from zinc die castings", "example": "IZA lists EMI shielding and wave-guides among the uses of its zinc die-casting alloys.", "source": "iza-physical", "where": "Heat Sink Design section" }, { "application": "mechanisms", "device": "Zamak 3 die castings in North America", "example": "Dynacast says Zamak 3 is the most widely used zinc alloy in North America and is usually the first choice when considering zinc for die casting.", "source": "dynacast-zamak-alloys", "where": "Zamak 3 description" } ], "supply": [ { "subject": "Zinc (base metal; the aluminium, copper and magnesium additions are not covered here)", "abundance": "Identified zinc resources of the world are about 1.9 billion tons (USGS MCS 2026, World Resources).", "producers": [ { "country": "China", "share_percent": 31.5, "year": 2025 }, { "country": "Peru", "share_percent": 11.5, "year": 2025 }, { "country": "Australia", "share_percent": 8.5, "year": 2025 }, { "country": "India", "share_percent": 6.7, "year": 2025 }, { "country": "Mexico", "share_percent": 6, "year": 2025 } ], "critical_lists": [ { "list": "IEA reproduction of the 2025 final list of critical minerals, zinc listed (the USGS page did not print zinc in this run)", "listed": true } ], "recycling": "USGS: refined zinc produced in the United States was recovered from secondary materials at both primary and secondary smelters, including galvanizing residues and crude zinc oxide from electric arc furnace dust.", "substitutes": [ "USGS: aluminum- and magnesium-base alloys are major substitutes for zinc-base diecasting alloys." ], "source": "usgs-mcs2026-zinc", "where": "World Mine Production and Reserves table, 2025e column, zinc content in thousand t: China 4,100; Peru 1,500; Australia 1,100; India 870; Mexico 780; world total 13,000 (rounded). Shares calculated by Space Mushroom against the rounded total. Recycling and Substitutes sections." } ], "media": [], "documents": [ { "title": "ICAST data sheet: ASTM B86 AG40A (Zamak 3)", "type": "datasheet", "url": "https://www.icastllp.com/material_db_pdf/ASTM%20B86%20AG40A.pdf" }, { "title": "ICAST data sheet: UNS Z33521 (AG40A ingot)", "type": "datasheet", "url": "https://www.icastllp.com/material_db_pdf/UNS%20Z33521.pdf" }, { "title": "ICAST data sheet: ASTM B86 AC41A (Zamak 5)", "type": "datasheet", "url": "https://www.icastllp.com/material_db_pdf/ASTM%20B86%20AC41A.pdf" }, { "title": "ICAST data sheet: ASTM B86 ZA-8", "type": "datasheet", "url": "https://www.icastllp.com/material_db_pdf/ASTM%20B86%20ZA-8.pdf" }, { "title": "ICAST data sheet: UNS Z35636 (ZA-8 casting)", "type": "datasheet", "url": "https://www.icastllp.com/material_db_pdf/UNS%20Z35636.pdf" }, { "title": "International Zinc Association: zinc diecasting alloys, physical properties", "type": "report", "url": "https://diecasting.zinc.org/properties/en/alloy_properties/eng_prop_a_physical-properties/" }, { "title": "International Zinc Association: zinc diecasting alloys, mechanical properties", "type": "report", "url": "https://diecasting.zinc.org/properties/en/alloy_properties/eng_prop_mechanical-properties/" }, { "title": "International Zinc Association: zinc diecasting alloys, corrosion properties", "type": "report", "url": "https://diecasting.zinc.org/properties/en/alloy_properties/eng_prop_a_corrosion-properties/" }, { "title": "Dynacast: Zamak alloys (zinc die casting alloys)", "type": "report", "url": "https://dynacast.com/en-sg/resources/material-information/zinc-casting-metals/zamak-3" }, { "title": "Wikipedia: Zamak (names, composition tables and history only)", "type": "database", "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zamak" }, { "title": "USGS Mineral Commodity Summaries 2026: Zinc", "type": "report", "url": "https://pubs.usgs.gov/periodicals/mcs2026/mcs2026-zinc.pdf", "year": 2026 }, { "title": "PubChem: zinc (CID 23994), GHS classification", "type": "database", "url": "https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/Zinc" }, { "title": "IEA: Final List of Critical Minerals 2025", "type": "report", "url": "https://www.iea.org/policies/31799-final-list-of-critical-minerals-2025", "year": 2025 } ], "gaps": [ "No vacuum, outgassing, atomic-oxygen, radiation or thermal-vacuum data for Zamak were fetched, so tags.environments and tags.stresses are empty.", "No ICAST or other ASTM B86 sheet for Zamak 2 (AC43A) was readable in this run (the URL returned an HTML page). Zamak 2 composition is from the Wikipedia cast row, and Zamak 2 mechanical values are IZA typical values, not ASTM minima.", "The IZA mechanical table has no printed column headers in the text read; column order (ZP3, ZP5, ZP2, ZP8) follows the alloy list above the table. The Zamak 2 tensile value of 397 MPa agrees with the Wikipedia Zamak 2 value, which supports the order.", "'Zamak 410' is not a separate grade in these sources. The European code ZP0410 (Z410 in the Wikipedia table) is Zamak 5, so it is recorded as a designation of Zamak 5, not as a separate alloy.", "ZA-8 magnesium differs between the ICAST ASTM B86 ZA-8 sheet (0.010 to 0.030 %) and the UNS Z35636 sheet (0.015 to 0.030 %); the recipe uses 0.010 to 0.030 with the UNS range noted.", "Zamak 3 mechanical minima differ between the ICAST AG40A sheet and the UNS Z33521 sheet (tensile 283 against 280 MPa, yield 221 against 200 MPa, hardness 82 against 83 HB). The AG40A sheet is used.", "Zamak 3 copper: the ICAST AG40A sheet prints 0.100 % max, while the Wikipedia ASTM B86 cast row prints 0.25 % max. The ICAST value is used.", "Specific gravity from the IZA table is printed without a unit. It is recorded as a dimensionless ratio (unit dash) under a custom benchmark name.", "IZA typical values come from a flat 1.5 mm specimen measured about 8 weeks after casting. They are not design minima, and they are not the same test as the ICAST ASTM minima.", "IZA prints decimal commas (for example 386,8 MPa); these are recorded with a decimal point.", "No impact values recorded: ICAST prints 65 J minimum at room temperature for Zamak 5 and 20 to 42 J for ZA-8, and IZA prints Charpy values in J/cm2 for ZP3, ZP5 and ZP2 that were not checked against a stated specimen.", "Creep data (creep deformation curves and design life values) and fatigue of Zamak in the IZA guide were not extracted. Only the qualitative creep ranking is recorded.", "The IZA table of ZP8 post-casting contraction is absent, so ZP8 has no stabilised contraction value.", "Corrosion rates in the IZA table are for diecast zinc alloy without a named alloy. They are recorded as diecast zinc alloy, not as a specific Zamak grade.", "No Zamak-specific corrosion test for humid or chloride air, and no intergranular corrosion data with measured impurity levels, were found in a readable source beyond the IZA statements.", "Hazard data are the PubChem zinc (element) record aggregated from ECHA notifications. No Zamak-specific hazard, molten-metal, or metal-fume source was opened, and no occupational exposure limit was checked.", "Critical-mineral status for zinc comes from the IEA reproduction of the 2025 final list. The USGS release page did not print zinc in this run, and the EU critical raw materials list was not checked for zinc.", "Supply shares are calculated by Space Mushroom from the USGS 2025e mine-production table (zinc content, thousand t) against the rounded world total of 13,000 thousand t; the country values do not sum exactly to that total.", "Aluminium, copper and magnesium supply (the other alloying elements) were not sourced in this run.", "No media (images) were added in this run.", "Benchmark names not in property-canon.yaml and used here: brinell_hardness, electrical_conductivity, post_casting_contraction, specific_gravity, atmospheric_corrosion_rate." ], "story": { "why": "Zamak is the zinc die-casting family behind most zinc alloy parts. IZA prints melting ranges from 375 to 404 °C across ZP2, ZP3, ZP5 and ZP8, which lets thin parts be cast quickly in dies. Strength is moderate. Zamak 3 is the reference grade, Zamak 5 adds copper for more strength and hardness, Zamak 2 has the highest strength, and ZA-8 holds more aluminium and is the only ZA alloy that Dynacast says can be hot-chamber die cast.", "uses": [ { "where": "Valves, pumps and general engineering", "line": "ICAST says its ASTM B86 Zamak and ZA-8 sheets are intended for valve, pump, general engineering and automotive parts." }, { "where": "Heat sinks and EMI shielding", "line": "IZA lists heat sinks, wave-guides and EMI shielding among the uses of its zinc die-casting alloys, because of their conduction of heat and electricity." }, { "where": "Zamak 3 and Zamak 5 in production", "line": "Dynacast calls Zamak 3 the most widely used zinc alloy in North America and Zamak 5 the most widely used in Europe." } ], "can_do": [ { "label": "Strength", "line": "The ASTM B86 minimum tensile strength is 283 MPa for Zamak 3 and 328 MPa for Zamak 5. IZA's typical value for Zamak 2 is 397 MPa, measured on a flat 1.5 mm specimen.", "benchmark": "ultimate_tensile_strength", "scope": "material" }, { "label": "Thermal conduction", "line": "IZA prints thermal conductivity from 104.7 to 114.7 W/(m·K) at 70 to 140 °C across ZP2, ZP3, ZP5 and ZP8.", "benchmark": "thermal_conductivity", "scope": "material" }, { "label": "Spark resistance", "line": "IZA says all the zinc die-casting alloys in its guide are non-sparking under the limits of the European standard for non-electrical equipment in explosive atmospheres, with less than 15% aluminium, magnesium, titanium and zirconium together.", "scope": "material" }, { "label": "Dimensional stability", "line": "After the stabilisation heat treatment, Zamak 3 contracts 0.02 % after 5 weeks and 0.03 % after 2 years (IZA).", "benchmark": "post_casting_contraction", "scope": "material" } ], "compare": "Zamak is a low-melting zinc die-casting family whose main strengths are castability and conduction, not strength. Within the family, Zamak 2 is the strongest and ZA-8 has the highest thermal conductivity of the four grades IZA tests. Zamak 3 is the reference grade and creeps the most of the four. The table compares tensile strength, thermal conductivity and thermal expansion.", "compare_rows": [ { "label": "Tensile strength, typical or minimum", "benchmark": "ultimate_tensile_strength", "scope": "material" }, { "label": "Thermal conductivity", "benchmark": "thermal_conductivity", "scope": "material" }, { "label": "Thermal expansion", "benchmark": "cte", "scope": "material" } ], "handling": [ "Keep dust and powder dry. PubChem gives H260 for zinc, meaning it releases flammable gas in contact with water.", "Stabilise precision castings before finishing or measuring: 3 to 6 hours at 100 °C, or 5 to 10 hours at 85 °C, or 10 to 20 hours at 70 °C.", "Use a protective finish or a conversion coating for marine service and for condensing conditions." ], "good_for": [ "Thin-walled parts that need good heat or electrical conduction, such as heat sinks and EMI shields (IZA).", "High-strength die castings: Zamak 2 has the highest strength in the family (Dynacast)." ], "watch_out": [ "Creep under sustained load, which is worst for Zamak 3 of the four grades IZA tests.", "Outdoor marine service, where bare diecast alloy corrodes at about 10 micron/yr without a protective finish (IZA).", "Tin and lead impurities, which cause intercrystalline corrosion above the specified limits." ], "verdict": "Zamak is the practical choice for die-cast zinc parts that need good conduction, castability and a known strength level. For creep, pick ZP2 or ZP8 over ZP3. Outdoors and in marine air, add a finish.", "recipe": { "line": "Zamak is a zinc-base alloy. Zinc is the balance; aluminium is about 4% in Zamak 2, 3 and 5 and about 8% in ZA-8; copper and magnesium are added in small amounts. The family name comes from the German names of the metals: Zink, Aluminium, Magnesium and Kupfer.", "parts": [ { "name": "Zinc", "symbol": "Zn", "role": "The base metal. It forms the matrix that carries the other alloying elements." }, { "name": "Aluminium", "symbol": "Al", "role": "Sets the alloy family. Zamak alloys hold it near 4% and ZA-8 near 8%." }, { "name": "Copper", "symbol": "Cu", "role": "Adds strength. Wikipedia says Zamak 5 gains strength and hardness from copper at some cost in ductility, and Zamak 2 holds about 3% for the most strength." }, { "name": "Magnesium", "symbol": "Mg", "role": "A small addition named in the Zamak family name. The ICAST sheets give its limits, not its function." } ] }, "risk_groups": [ { "title": "For people", "lead": "The PubChem record is for zinc metal, not for Zamak, and it notes that classification depends on form. No Zamak-specific hazard record was opened.", "points": [ { "label": "Dust and powder", "line": "PubChem gives H250 and H260 for zinc: it can catch fire spontaneously in air and releases flammable gas in contact with water. Keep dust and powder dry." }, { "label": "Eye contact", "line": "One PubChem notification carries H320, which means causes eye irritation." }, { "label": "Aquatic", "line": "Zinc is classed as very toxic to aquatic life (H400 and H410), so keep it out of waterways." } ], "level": 0, "verdict": "Hazard codes apply to zinc powder and dust." }, { "title": "Outdoor and wet exposure", "lead": "These results are IZA's measured corrosion rates and qualitative statements, not field incidents.", "points": [ { "label": "Outdoor air", "line": "Unprotected diecast alloy loses its bright finish outdoors and forms a closely adherent corrosion coat. IZA measured 6.00 micron/yr at a New York industrial site." }, { "label": "Marine air", "line": "IZA measured 10.00 micron/yr at Key West and at Montauk Point, so a protective finish is needed." }, { "label": "Condensation", "line": "Where condensation stays on the surface, white corrosion product forms. A conversion coating protects where appearance matters." } ] }, { "title": "Long-term loading and dimensions", "points": [ { "label": "Creep", "line": "IZA says zinc alloy castings are liable to creep. ZP8 and ZP2 resist creep better than ZP5, which resists it better than ZP3." }, { "label": "Shrinkage", "line": "Die castings shrink slightly after casting. Stabilise precision parts by heating them, for example 3 to 6 hours at 100 °C." }, { "label": "Impurities", "line": "Tin or lead above the specified limits can cause intercrystalline corrosion and rapid failure." } ] } ] }, "updated": "2026-10-26", "review": { "status": "draft", "method": "assistant", "checked_values": 57, "unreachable": 0, "caveats": 1, "note": "Drafted by an AI assistant on 2026-10-26 from ICAST, IZA, Dynacast, Wikipedia, USGS, PubChem and IEA pages read in this run. Not yet checked by verify-values." }, "sources": { "icast-b86-ag40a": { "title": "ICAST data sheet: ASTM B86 AG40A (Zamak 3)", "id": "ASTM B86 AG40A (ICAST Alloys LLP)", "url": "https://www.icastllp.com/material_db_pdf/ASTM%20B86%20AG40A.pdf", "kind": "datasheet", "license": "ICAST data sheet, cited not reproduced" }, "icast-uns-z33521": { "title": "ICAST data sheet: UNS Z33521 (AG40A ingot)", "id": "UNS Z33521 (ICAST Alloys LLP)", "url": "https://www.icastllp.com/material_db_pdf/UNS%20Z33521.pdf", "kind": "datasheet", "license": "ICAST data sheet, cited not reproduced" }, "icast-b86-ac41a": { "title": "ICAST data sheet: ASTM B86 AC41A (Zamak 5)", "id": "ASTM B86 AC41A (ICAST Alloys LLP)", "url": "https://www.icastllp.com/material_db_pdf/ASTM%20B86%20AC41A.pdf", "kind": "datasheet", "license": "ICAST data sheet, cited not reproduced" }, "icast-b86-za8": { "title": "ICAST data sheet: ASTM B86 ZA-8", "id": "ASTM B86 ZA-8 (ICAST Alloys LLP)", "url": "https://www.icastllp.com/material_db_pdf/ASTM%20B86%20ZA-8.pdf", "kind": "datasheet", "license": "ICAST data sheet, cited not reproduced" }, "icast-uns-z35636": { "title": "ICAST data sheet: UNS Z35636 (ZA-8 casting)", "id": "UNS Z35636 (ICAST Alloys LLP)", "url": "https://www.icastllp.com/material_db_pdf/UNS%20Z35636.pdf", "kind": "datasheet", "license": "ICAST data sheet, cited not reproduced" }, "iza-physical": { "title": "International Zinc Association: zinc diecasting alloys, physical properties", "id": "IZA diecasting alloy guide", "url": "https://diecasting.zinc.org/properties/en/alloy_properties/eng_prop_a_physical-properties/", "kind": "report", "license": "IZA web page, cited not reproduced" }, "iza-mech": { "title": "International Zinc Association: zinc diecasting alloys, mechanical properties", "id": "IZA diecasting alloy guide", "url": "https://diecasting.zinc.org/properties/en/alloy_properties/eng_prop_mechanical-properties/", "kind": "report", "license": "IZA web page, cited not reproduced" }, "iza-corr": { "title": "International Zinc Association: zinc diecasting alloys, corrosion properties", "id": "IZA diecasting alloy guide", "url": "https://diecasting.zinc.org/properties/en/alloy_properties/eng_prop_a_corrosion-properties/", "kind": "report", "license": "IZA web page, cited not reproduced" }, "dynacast-zamak-alloys": { "title": "Dynacast: Zamak alloys (zinc die casting alloys)", "id": "Dynacast zinc casting metals", "url": "https://dynacast.com/en-sg/resources/material-information/zinc-casting-metals/zamak-3", "kind": "web", "license": "Company web page, cited not reproduced" }, "wiki-zamak": { "title": "Wikipedia: Zamak (names, composition tables and history only)", "id": "Wikipedia, Zamak", "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zamak", "kind": "web", "license": "CC BY-SA (Wikipedia), cited not reproduced" }, "usgs-mcs2026-zinc": { "title": "Mineral Commodity Summaries 2026: Zinc (U.S. Geological Survey)", "id": "USGS MCS 2026, February 2026", "url": "https://pubs.usgs.gov/periodicals/mcs2026/mcs2026-zinc.pdf", "year": 2026, "kind": "report", "license": "public domain (USGS)" }, "pubchem-zn-ghs": { "title": "PubChem compound record: zinc (CID 23994), GHS classification (ECHA C&L Inventory, aggregated)", "id": "CID 23994; CAS 7440-66-6", "url": "https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/rest/pug_view/data/compound/23994/JSON?heading=GHS+Classification", "kind": "database", "license": "public domain (NCBI)" }, "iea-crit-2025": { "title": "Final List of Critical Minerals 2025 (IEA policy database, reproducing the USGS list)", "url": "https://www.iea.org/policies/31799-final-list-of-critical-minerals-2025", "year": 2025, "kind": "web", "license": "IEA web page, cited not reproduced" } }, "license": "CC-BY-4.0", "url": "https://spacemushroom.com/profiles/zamak/" }