{
  "spore": "profile",
  "id": "titanium-grade-3",
  "spore_version": "0.2",
  "family": "titanium-alloys",
  "name": "Commercially pure titanium, Grade 3 (UNS R50550)",
  "abbreviation": "CP Ti Grade 3",
  "role": "higher-strength unalloyed metal",
  "category": "metals",
  "type": "titanium",
  "summary": "Commercially pure (CP) titanium Grade 3, UNS R50550, is unalloyed titanium with a higher oxygen limit than Grades 1 and 2. ASTM B265 sets its minimum tensile strength at 450 MPa and its minimum 0.2 % yield strength at 380 MPa, with 18 % minimum elongation for strip, sheet and plate. The Smiths datasheet gives typical values of 593 MPa tensile and 462 MPa yield, and a density of 4.51 g/cc. Alleima describes the grade as having medium oxygen content and as typically used for matrix plates in shell and tube heat exchangers.\n",
  "best_for": "Formed and welded parts that need more strength than Grade 2 while keeping weldability and corrosion resistance in oxidising, neutral and mildly reducing media (Smiths)",
  "weakest_at": "Strength: 450 MPa minimum tensile, well below Ti-6Al-4V (see the Ti-6Al-4V profile). Oxygen limit of 0.35 %, the highest of CP grades 1 to 3 in ASTM B265 Table 2",
  "identity": {
    "formula": "Unalloyed titanium, UNS R50550 (ASTM Grade 3): maximum limits on O, Fe, C, N and H, titanium the balance",
    "cas": "7440-32-6",
    "designations": [
      {
        "system": "UNS",
        "code": "R50550",
        "source": "smith-cp3",
        "where": "Material Specifications list, UNS R50550 line"
      },
      {
        "system": "EN",
        "code": "3.7055",
        "source": "smith-cp3",
        "where": "Material Specifications list, W. Nr. 3.7055 line"
      },
      {
        "system": "Name",
        "code": "CP Grade 3",
        "source": "smith-cp3",
        "where": "Title, CP Grade 3 Technical Datasheet"
      },
      {
        "system": "Trade name",
        "code": "ATI 55",
        "source": "ati-cp3",
        "where": "Page title, ATI 55, CP Grade 3 Titanium"
      },
      {
        "system": "Trade name",
        "code": "Ti Grade 3",
        "source": "alleima-ti3",
        "where": "Datasheet title, Alleima Ti Grade 3, tube and pipe, seamless"
      },
      {
        "system": "ASTM",
        "code": "B265",
        "note": "strip, sheet and plate",
        "source": "astm-b265",
        "where": "Title, B 265 - 08b; Table 1 and Table 2, Grade 3 row and column"
      },
      {
        "system": "ASTM",
        "code": "B348",
        "note": "bars and billets",
        "source": "ati-cp3",
        "where": "Bar and billet specifications list, ASTM B 348 line"
      },
      {
        "system": "ASTM",
        "code": "F67",
        "note": "bar, plate and sheet",
        "source": "ati-cp3",
        "where": "Bar, plate and sheet specifications list, ASTM F 67 line"
      },
      {
        "system": "ASME",
        "code": "SB-265",
        "note": "plate, strip and sheet",
        "source": "ati-cp3",
        "where": "Plate specifications list, ASME SB-265 line"
      },
      {
        "system": "AMS",
        "code": "4900",
        "note": "plate, sheet and strip",
        "source": "ati-cp3",
        "where": "Plate, sheet and strip specifications list, AMS 4900 line"
      },
      {
        "system": "AMS",
        "code": "4921",
        "note": "bar",
        "source": "ati-cp3",
        "where": "Bar specifications list, AMS 4921 line"
      }
    ],
    "source": "astm-b265",
    "where": "Table 2 Chemical Requirements, Grade 3 column (ASTM B265-08b copy); CAS from PubChem CID 23963 (pubchem-ti)"
  },
  "tags": {
    "environments": [],
    "stresses": [],
    "applications": [
      "thermal-control",
      "structures"
    ]
  },
  "properties": [
    {
      "benchmark": "density",
      "label": "Density",
      "value": 4.51,
      "bound": "exact",
      "unit": "g/cm3",
      "scope": "material",
      "conditions": {
        "form": "CP Grade 3 product (datasheet product range)",
        "condition": "not stated",
        "unit_in_source": "g/cc"
      },
      "method": "Printed as 4.51 g/cc in the product description of the Smiths CP Grade 3 datasheet. The ATI page prints 0.163 lb/in3 (4.51 g/cm3) for all forms, and the UPM datasheet prints 4.512 g/cm3.",
      "status": "ground",
      "source": "smith-cp3",
      "where": "Product Description, first paragraph",
      "source_detail": {
        "title": "CP Grade 3 Technical Datasheet (Smiths Metal Centres)",
        "id": "Smiths Metal Centres",
        "url": "https://www.smithmetal.com/pdf/titanium/cp-grade-3.pdf",
        "year": 2023,
        "kind": "datasheet",
        "license": "supplier datasheet, cited not reproduced"
      }
    },
    {
      "benchmark": "elastic_modulus",
      "label": "Elastic modulus, typical",
      "value": 103,
      "bound": "exact",
      "unit": "GPa",
      "scope": "material",
      "conditions": {
        "form": "CP Grade 3 product (datasheet product range)",
        "basis": "typical, not a minimum",
        "loading": "not stated"
      },
      "method": "Printed as typical 103 GPa in the Mechanical Properties table of the Smiths datasheet. The UPM datasheet prints 15.2 to 17.4 Msi, which is not converted here.",
      "status": "ground",
      "source": "smith-cp3",
      "where": "Mechanical Properties table, Elastic modulus GPa row, typical column",
      "source_detail": {
        "title": "CP Grade 3 Technical Datasheet (Smiths Metal Centres)",
        "id": "Smiths Metal Centres",
        "url": "https://www.smithmetal.com/pdf/titanium/cp-grade-3.pdf",
        "year": 2023,
        "kind": "datasheet",
        "license": "supplier datasheet, cited not reproduced"
      }
    },
    {
      "benchmark": "beta_transus",
      "label": "Beta transus",
      "value": 1690,
      "bound": "exact",
      "unit": "°F",
      "scope": "material",
      "conditions": {
        "form": "sheet and coil (AMS 4900 datasheet)",
        "condition": "not stated"
      },
      "method": "Printed as 1690 under the T (°F) column of the Physical Properties table of the UPM datasheet. The table prints no Celsius value, so none is given. beta_transus is not in the canonical list (see gaps).",
      "status": "ground",
      "source": "upm-cp3",
      "where": "Physical Properties table, Beta Transus row",
      "source_detail": {
        "title": "CP Grade 3, AMS 4900 / UNS R50550 datasheet (United Performance Metals)",
        "id": "United Performance Metals",
        "url": "https://www.upmet.com/sites/default/files/datasheets/cp-grade-3.pdf",
        "year": 2026,
        "kind": "datasheet",
        "license": "supplier datasheet, cited not reproduced"
      }
    },
    {
      "benchmark": "cte",
      "label": "Mean coefficient of thermal expansion, 20 to 100 °C",
      "value": 8.6,
      "bound": "exact",
      "unit": "10-6/°C",
      "scope": "material",
      "conditions": {
        "temperature": "20 to 100 °C (printed 68 to 212 °F)",
        "basis": "mean coefficient",
        "unit_in_source": "m m-1 °C-1"
      },
      "method": "Printed as 8.6x10-6 m/m°C for 20 to 100 °C in the Physical Properties table of the UPM datasheet, beside 4.8x10-6 in/in°F. The 20 to 300 °C and 20 to 500 °C rows (9.5 and 9.7) are not recorded.",
      "status": "ground",
      "source": "upm-cp3",
      "where": "Physical Properties table, Mean Coefficient of Thermal Expansion row, 68-212 F (20-100 C)",
      "source_detail": {
        "title": "CP Grade 3, AMS 4900 / UNS R50550 datasheet (United Performance Metals)",
        "id": "United Performance Metals",
        "url": "https://www.upmet.com/sites/default/files/datasheets/cp-grade-3.pdf",
        "year": 2026,
        "kind": "datasheet",
        "license": "supplier datasheet, cited not reproduced"
      }
    },
    {
      "benchmark": "thermal_conductivity",
      "label": "Thermal conductivity",
      "value": 151.2,
      "bound": "exact",
      "unit": "Btu-in/(hr·ft²·°F)",
      "scope": "material",
      "conditions": {
        "temperature": "not stated (table dash)",
        "unit_in_source": "Btu-in/hr ft2- °F"
      },
      "method": "Printed as 151.2 Btu-in/hr ft2-F in the Physical Properties table of the UPM datasheet. No SI value is printed; the importer converts from the printed unit.",
      "status": "ground",
      "source": "upm-cp3",
      "where": "Physical Properties table, Thermal Conductivity row",
      "source_detail": {
        "title": "CP Grade 3, AMS 4900 / UNS R50550 datasheet (United Performance Metals)",
        "id": "United Performance Metals",
        "url": "https://www.upmet.com/sites/default/files/datasheets/cp-grade-3.pdf",
        "year": 2026,
        "kind": "datasheet",
        "license": "supplier datasheet, cited not reproduced"
      }
    },
    {
      "benchmark": "ultimate_tensile_strength",
      "label": "Tensile strength, minimum (strip, sheet and plate)",
      "value": 450,
      "bound": "lower",
      "unit": "MPa",
      "scope": "material",
      "conditions": {
        "form": "strip, sheet and plate (ASTM B265 product)",
        "condition": "as specified for Grade 3 in ASTM B265-08b Table 1",
        "minimum": "yes"
      },
      "method": "Minimum in Table 1 (Tensile Requirements) of the ASTM B265-08b copy, Grade 3 row, with 65 ksi printed beside 450 MPa. The ATI page prints the same 65 ksi and 450 MPa minimum for all forms.",
      "status": "ground",
      "source": "astm-b265",
      "where": "Table 1 Tensile Requirements, Grade 3 row, tensile strength min (ksi 65, MPa 450)",
      "source_detail": {
        "title": "ASTM B265-08b: Standard Specification for Titanium and Titanium Alloy Strip, Sheet, and Plate (copy hosted by GS Alloy)",
        "id": "ASTM B265-08b",
        "url": "https://gsalloy.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/ASTM-B265.pdf",
        "year": 2008,
        "kind": "standard",
        "license": "standard copy, cited not reproduced"
      }
    },
    {
      "benchmark": "yield_strength",
      "label": "Yield strength, 0.2 % offset, minimum (strip, sheet and plate)",
      "value": 380,
      "bound": "lower",
      "unit": "MPa",
      "scope": "material",
      "conditions": {
        "form": "strip, sheet and plate (ASTM B265 product)",
        "offset": "0.2 %",
        "minimum": "yes"
      },
      "method": "Minimum in Table 1 of the ASTM B265-08b copy, Grade 3 row, with 55 ksi printed beside 380 MPa. The maximum of 80 ksi (550 MPa) in the same row is not recorded.",
      "status": "ground",
      "source": "astm-b265",
      "where": "Table 1 Tensile Requirements, Grade 3 row, yield strength 0.2 % offset min (ksi 55, MPa 380)",
      "source_detail": {
        "title": "ASTM B265-08b: Standard Specification for Titanium and Titanium Alloy Strip, Sheet, and Plate (copy hosted by GS Alloy)",
        "id": "ASTM B265-08b",
        "url": "https://gsalloy.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/ASTM-B265.pdf",
        "year": 2008,
        "kind": "standard",
        "license": "standard copy, cited not reproduced"
      }
    },
    {
      "benchmark": "elongation",
      "label": "Elongation, minimum (strip, sheet and plate)",
      "value": 18,
      "bound": "lower",
      "unit": "%",
      "scope": "material",
      "conditions": {
        "form": "strip, sheet and plate (ASTM B265 product)",
        "gauge": "2 in or 50 mm",
        "minimum": "yes"
      },
      "method": "Minimum elongation in Table 1 of the ASTM B265-08b copy, Grade 3 row.",
      "status": "ground",
      "source": "astm-b265",
      "where": "Table 1 Tensile Requirements, Grade 3 row, elongation in 2 in. or 50 mm min %",
      "source_detail": {
        "title": "ASTM B265-08b: Standard Specification for Titanium and Titanium Alloy Strip, Sheet, and Plate (copy hosted by GS Alloy)",
        "id": "ASTM B265-08b",
        "url": "https://gsalloy.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/ASTM-B265.pdf",
        "year": 2008,
        "kind": "standard",
        "license": "standard copy, cited not reproduced"
      }
    },
    {
      "benchmark": "ultimate_tensile_strength",
      "label": "Tensile strength, typical",
      "value": 593,
      "bound": "exact",
      "unit": "MPa",
      "scope": "material",
      "conditions": {
        "form": "CP Grade 3 product (datasheet product range)",
        "basis": "typical, not a minimum"
      },
      "method": "Printed as typical 593 MPa in the UTS row of the Smiths datasheet mechanical properties table. The Smiths minimum of 448 MPa is not used; the ASTM minimum of 450 MPa is recorded instead.",
      "status": "ground",
      "source": "smith-cp3",
      "where": "Mechanical Properties table, UTS MPa row, typical column",
      "source_detail": {
        "title": "CP Grade 3 Technical Datasheet (Smiths Metal Centres)",
        "id": "Smiths Metal Centres",
        "url": "https://www.smithmetal.com/pdf/titanium/cp-grade-3.pdf",
        "year": 2023,
        "kind": "datasheet",
        "license": "supplier datasheet, cited not reproduced"
      }
    },
    {
      "benchmark": "yield_strength",
      "label": "Yield strength, 0.2 % offset, typical",
      "value": 462,
      "bound": "exact",
      "unit": "MPa",
      "scope": "material",
      "conditions": {
        "form": "CP Grade 3 product (datasheet product range)",
        "offset": "0.2 %",
        "basis": "typical, not a minimum"
      },
      "method": "Printed as typical 462 MPa in the 0.2% PS row of the Smiths datasheet, and again in its product description. The Smiths minimum of 379 MPa is not used; the ASTM minimum of 380 MPa is recorded instead.",
      "status": "ground",
      "source": "smith-cp3",
      "where": "Mechanical Properties table, 0.2% PS MPa row, typical column",
      "source_detail": {
        "title": "CP Grade 3 Technical Datasheet (Smiths Metal Centres)",
        "id": "Smiths Metal Centres",
        "url": "https://www.smithmetal.com/pdf/titanium/cp-grade-3.pdf",
        "year": 2023,
        "kind": "datasheet",
        "license": "supplier datasheet, cited not reproduced"
      }
    },
    {
      "benchmark": "elongation",
      "label": "Elongation, typical",
      "value": 25,
      "bound": "exact",
      "unit": "%",
      "scope": "material",
      "conditions": {
        "form": "CP Grade 3 product (datasheet product range)",
        "gauge": "2 in",
        "basis": "typical, not a minimum"
      },
      "method": "Printed in the Elongation on 2 in row, typical column, of the Smiths CP Grade 3 datasheet.",
      "status": "ground",
      "source": "smith-cp3",
      "where": "Mechanical Properties table, Elongation on 2 in % row, typical column",
      "source_detail": {
        "title": "CP Grade 3 Technical Datasheet (Smiths Metal Centres)",
        "id": "Smiths Metal Centres",
        "url": "https://www.smithmetal.com/pdf/titanium/cp-grade-3.pdf",
        "year": 2023,
        "kind": "datasheet",
        "license": "supplier datasheet, cited not reproduced"
      }
    },
    {
      "benchmark": "reduction_of_area",
      "label": "Reduction of area, minimum",
      "value": 35,
      "bound": "lower",
      "unit": "%",
      "scope": "material",
      "conditions": {
        "form": "CP Grade 3 product (datasheet product range)",
        "condition": "minimum as printed; no separate condition given",
        "minimum": "yes"
      },
      "method": "Printed in the Mechanical Properties table of the Smiths CP Grade 3 datasheet. reduction_of_area is not in the canonical list, so a snake_case name is used (see gaps).",
      "status": "ground",
      "source": "smith-cp3",
      "where": "Mechanical Properties table, Reduction of area row, minimum column",
      "source_detail": {
        "title": "CP Grade 3 Technical Datasheet (Smiths Metal Centres)",
        "id": "Smiths Metal Centres",
        "url": "https://www.smithmetal.com/pdf/titanium/cp-grade-3.pdf",
        "year": 2023,
        "kind": "datasheet",
        "license": "supplier datasheet, cited not reproduced"
      }
    },
    {
      "benchmark": "impact_energy",
      "label": "Charpy V-notch impact, minimum",
      "value": 20,
      "bound": "lower",
      "unit": "J",
      "scope": "material",
      "conditions": {
        "form": "CP Grade 3 product (datasheet product range)",
        "test": "Charpy V-notch",
        "minimum": "yes"
      },
      "method": "Printed in the Mechanical Properties table of the Smiths CP Grade 3 datasheet. impact_energy is a snake_case name (see gaps).",
      "status": "ground",
      "source": "smith-cp3",
      "where": "Mechanical Properties table, Charpy V notch impact row, minimum column",
      "source_detail": {
        "title": "CP Grade 3 Technical Datasheet (Smiths Metal Centres)",
        "id": "Smiths Metal Centres",
        "url": "https://www.smithmetal.com/pdf/titanium/cp-grade-3.pdf",
        "year": 2023,
        "kind": "datasheet",
        "license": "supplier datasheet, cited not reproduced"
      }
    },
    {
      "benchmark": "hardness",
      "label": "Hardness, typical",
      "value": 200,
      "bound": "exact",
      "unit": "HV",
      "scope": "material",
      "conditions": {
        "form": "CP Grade 3 product (datasheet product range)",
        "basis": "typical"
      },
      "method": "Printed as typical 200 HV in the Hardness HV row of the Smiths datasheet mechanical properties table. hardness is a snake_case name (see gaps).",
      "status": "ground",
      "source": "smith-cp3",
      "where": "Mechanical Properties table, Hardness HV row, typical column",
      "source_detail": {
        "title": "CP Grade 3 Technical Datasheet (Smiths Metal Centres)",
        "id": "Smiths Metal Centres",
        "url": "https://www.smithmetal.com/pdf/titanium/cp-grade-3.pdf",
        "year": 2023,
        "kind": "datasheet",
        "license": "supplier datasheet, cited not reproduced"
      }
    },
    {
      "benchmark": "hardness",
      "label": "Hardness, maximum (bar and billet)",
      "value": 90,
      "bound": "upper",
      "unit": "HRB",
      "scope": "material",
      "conditions": {
        "form": "bar and billet only (ATI page)",
        "condition": "as supplied; no separate condition given"
      },
      "method": "Printed as 90 HRB max. in the Properties list of the ATI page, for bar and billet only. The page gives no hardness value for plate, sheet or strip.",
      "status": "ground",
      "source": "ati-cp3",
      "where": "Properties list, Hardness (bar and billet only) row",
      "source_detail": {
        "title": "ATI 55, CP Grade 3 Titanium (ATI product page)",
        "id": "ATI",
        "url": "https://www.atimaterials.com/Products/ati-cp3",
        "year": 2026,
        "kind": "web",
        "license": "supplier web page, cited not reproduced"
      }
    }
  ],
  "corrosion": [
    {
      "environment": "Oxidising, neutral and mildly reducing media, including chlorides",
      "headline": "High corrosion resistance in oxidising, neutral and mildly reducing media, including chlorides.",
      "effect": "Smiths says the grade offers high corrosion resistance in oxidising, neutral and mildly reducing media, including chlorides. The datasheet prints no test conditions.",
      "rating": "low",
      "conditions": {
        "basis": "manufacturer statement; no test conditions printed",
        "form": "CP Grade 3 product (Smiths datasheet)"
      },
      "source": "smith-cp3",
      "where": "Corrosion Resistance section"
    },
    {
      "environment": "Seawater and common salt solutions, pH 3 to 12 (general statement for titanium alloys)",
      "headline": "General statement for titanium alloys: resists common salt solutions and chlorides from pH 3 to 12.",
      "effect": "Titanium Industries says titanium alloys are expected to resist common salt solutions, chlorides and other listed solutions that have a pH range of 3 to 12. The page gives no statement specific to Grade 3 or to commercially pure titanium.",
      "rating": "low",
      "conditions": {
        "basis": "general statement for titanium alloys; no Grade 3 test",
        "pH": "3 to 12"
      },
      "source": "titanium-industries",
      "where": "Titanium Performance in Seawater Applications, corrosion statements"
    },
    {
      "environment": "Chloride stress corrosion (general statement for titanium)",
      "headline": "General statement: titanium does not show the same chloride stress-corrosion susceptibility as stainless steel.",
      "effect": "Titanium Industries says titanium does not demonstrate the same susceptibility to stress corrosion from chlorides as stainless steel. The statement is for titanium in general, not a Grade 3 test.",
      "rating": "low",
      "conditions": {
        "basis": "general statement for titanium; no test conditions printed"
      },
      "source": "titanium-industries",
      "where": "Titanium Performance in Seawater Applications, corrosion statements"
    }
  ],
  "risks": {
    "hazards": [
      {
        "text": "PubChem gives titanium (CID 23963) hazard statement H228, flammable solid, with signal word Danger and classification Flammable solids Category 1. The record does not separate bulk metal from powder or swarf, so check the safety data sheet for the form handled.",
        "ghs": [
          "H228: Flammable solid"
        ],
        "source": "pubchem-ti",
        "where": "Safety and Hazards, GHS Classification (CID 23963)"
      },
      {
        "text": "PubChem reports that 606 of 808 company reports did not meet GHS hazard criteria, and 202 of 808 reports carried hazard statement codes.",
        "ghs": [],
        "source": "pubchem-ti",
        "where": "Safety and Hazards, GHS Classification, report counts"
      },
      {
        "text": "Precautionary statement codes listed with the GHS entry include P210, P222, P231, P233, P235, P240, P241 and P280.",
        "ghs": [],
        "source": "pubchem-ti",
        "where": "Safety and Hazards, GHS precautionary statements"
      }
    ],
    "failure_risks": [
      {
        "mode": "Bending tighter than the specified radius",
        "trigger": "Bending thin sheet or strip tighter than 2T (under 0.070 in) or tighter than 2.5T (0.070 to 0.187 in)",
        "consequence": "ASTM B265 Table 1 sets the bend-test radii for Grade 3. The standard prints no failure data for tighter bends.",
        "severity": "moderate",
        "source": "astm-b265",
        "where": "Table 1 Tensile Requirements, Bend Test column, Grade 3 row"
      },
      {
        "mode": "Use in media outside the stated range",
        "trigger": "Strongly reducing media (outside oxidising, neutral and mildly reducing media)",
        "consequence": "Smiths rates corrosion resistance only for oxidising, neutral and mildly reducing media, including chlorides. It prints no data for strongly reducing media.",
        "severity": "moderate",
        "source": "smith-cp3",
        "where": "Corrosion Resistance section"
      }
    ],
    "side_effects": [],
    "handling": [
      {
        "text": "Weldability is excellent. Specified bend radius is 2.0 times thickness for sections under 0.070 in and 2.5 times above that. Welded bend radius is 3.0 times thickness at minimum.",
        "source": "smith-cp3",
        "where": "Fabrication section"
      },
      {
        "text": "ASTM B265 bend-test radii for Grade 3 are 2T for thickness under 0.070 in and 2.5T for 0.070 to 0.187 in.",
        "source": "astm-b265",
        "where": "Table 1 Tensile Requirements, Bend Test column, Grade 3 row"
      }
    ],
    "mitigations": []
  },
  "uses": [
    {
      "application": "thermal-control",
      "device": "Matrix plates for shell and tube heat exchangers",
      "example": "Alleima says the grade is typically used for matrix plates in shell and tube heat exchangers.",
      "source": "alleima-ti3",
      "where": "Datasheet description, first paragraph"
    },
    {
      "application": "structures",
      "device": "Aerospace sheet, plate and strip to AMS 4900",
      "example": "United Performance Metals lists aerospace structures among the industry applications for its Grade 3 sheet and coil to AMS 4900.",
      "source": "upm-cp3",
      "where": "Industry Applications list"
    },
    {
      "application": "structures",
      "device": "Architecture, automotive, chemical plant and marine components and equipment",
      "example": "Smiths lists architecture, automotive, chemical plant and marine industries among the typical applications for CP Grade 3.",
      "source": "smith-cp3",
      "where": "Typical Applications box"
    }
  ],
  "supply": [
    {
      "subject": "Titanium sponge (feedstock for titanium mill products)",
      "producers": [
        {
          "country": "China",
          "share_percent": 70.3,
          "year": 2025
        },
        {
          "country": "Japan",
          "share_percent": 14.3,
          "year": 2025
        },
        {
          "country": "Russia",
          "share_percent": 6.8,
          "year": 2025
        },
        {
          "country": "Kazakhstan",
          "share_percent": 4.3,
          "year": 2025
        },
        {
          "country": "Saudi Arabia",
          "share_percent": 3.2,
          "year": 2025
        }
      ],
      "critical_lists": [],
      "substitutes": [],
      "source": "usgs-ti-2026",
      "where": "Domestic Production and Use; Events, Trends, and Issues; World Sponge Metal Production table (2025e)"
    }
  ],
  "media": [],
  "documents": [
    {
      "title": "Smiths Metal Centres: CP Grade 3 technical datasheet",
      "type": "datasheet",
      "url": "https://www.smithmetal.com/pdf/titanium/cp-grade-3.pdf",
      "year": 2023
    },
    {
      "title": "Alleima: Ti Grade 3 seamless tube and pipe datasheet (updated 2025-05-09)",
      "type": "datasheet",
      "url": "https://alleima.com/en/technical-center/material-datasheets/tube-and-pipe-seamless/alleima-ti-grade-3?show=pdf",
      "year": 2025
    },
    {
      "title": "ASTM B265-08b: Titanium and Titanium Alloy Strip, Sheet, and Plate (copy hosted by GS Alloy)",
      "type": "standard",
      "url": "https://gsalloy.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/ASTM-B265.pdf",
      "year": 2008
    },
    {
      "title": "United Performance Metals: CP Grade 3 (AMS 4900, UNS R50550) datasheet",
      "type": "datasheet",
      "url": "https://www.upmet.com/sites/default/files/datasheets/cp-grade-3.pdf",
      "year": 2026
    },
    {
      "title": "ATI: ATI 55, CP Grade 3 Titanium product page",
      "type": "datasheet",
      "url": "https://www.atimaterials.com/Products/ati-cp3",
      "year": 2026
    },
    {
      "title": "USGS Mineral Commodity Summaries 2026: Titanium",
      "type": "report",
      "url": "https://pubs.usgs.gov/periodicals/mcs2026/mcs2026-titanium.pdf",
      "year": 2026
    },
    {
      "title": "PubChem: Titanium (CID 23963), GHS classification (PUG View JSON)",
      "type": "database",
      "url": "https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/rest/pug_view/data/compound/23963/JSON",
      "year": 2026
    },
    {
      "title": "Titanium Industries: Titanium Performance in Seawater Applications",
      "type": "datasheet",
      "url": "https://titanium.com/technical-references/titanium-seawater-applications",
      "year": 2026
    }
  ],
  "gaps": [
    "Melting point: not printed in any datasheet read in this run.",
    "Specific heat and Poisson's ratio: no value in the datasheets read in this run.",
    "Thermal expansion at higher ranges: the UPM datasheet also prints 9.5 and 9.7 (10-6 m/m°C) for 20 to 300 °C and 20 to 500 °C; these are not recorded.",
    "Composition conflict: Alleima prints nominal Fe 0.20, O 0.205, C 0.08, H 0.01 and N 0.05. Smiths prints C 0.1, O 0.35, H 0.015 (sheet) and 0.0125 (bar). ATI prints N 0.03 for plate, sheet and strip. ASTM B265 Table 2, which UPM and ATI also match for O and Fe, is used.",
    "Minimum conflict: Smiths prints UTS minimum 448 MPa and 0.2 % PS minimum 379 MPa; ASTM B265 gives 450 and 380 and is used.",
    "Mechanical basis: the UPM row (UTS 85 ksi / 595 MPa, 0.02 % YS 65 ksi / 450 MPa, 25 % elongation, 48 % RA) does not state minimum or typical, so it is not recorded.",
    "Form split: Smiths values are not split by form. ASTM Table 1 covers strip, sheet and plate only. Bar tensile values from ASTM B348 were not fetched, so bar strengths are not recorded separately.",
    "Hardness: Smiths gives typical 200 HV and ATI gives maximum 90 HRB for bar and billet only. No hardness basis is common to both.",
    "Property names: hardness, reduction_of_area, impact_energy and beta_transus are not in spores/property-canon.yaml and use snake_case names.",
    "Crevice corrosion and chloride limits: no Grade 3 test was found in the pages read. The Titanium Industries statements are for titanium alloys in general.",
    "Seawater temperature limit and any chloride data for Grade 3: none found in the sources read.",
    "Space and orbital data (atomic oxygen erosion, outgassing, thermal cycling in orbit, cryogenic properties): no NASA or NIST source with Grade 3 numbers was fetched.",
    "Fatigue, hydrogen embrittlement and galling: no numeric Grade 3 values in the sources read.",
    "Critical-mineral lists and crustal abundance: the USGS 2026 titanium summary fetched here gives neither.",
    "Atomic weights of the constituents were not fetched, so recipe parts carry share limits only.",
    "Process route (how sheet, bar or tube is made): not described in the sources read.",
    "Designations not recorded: AIR 9182 T-50 is printed by Smiths but is not an allowed designation system. Smiths prints 'ASTM 265 Grade 3', which is a typo for B265; the ASTM copy is used for that code.",
    "Medical use: Smiths lists medical engineering among typical applications. It is not an allowed application, so it is not recorded as a use.",
    "Standard edition: the ASTM B265 copy is the 2008b edition (header B 265 - 08b). Check the current edition before specifying.",
    "Dates: the Smiths datasheet is dated 2023, the Alleima datasheet 2025-05-09, and the ATI page carries no date."
  ],
  "story": {
    "why": "Grade 3 is the commercially pure titanium with the highest minimum tensile strength of Grades 1 to 3 in ASTM B265 Table 1. It keeps the formability and weldability of the CP grades, with 18 % minimum elongation and a typical 25 % in the Smiths datasheet. It is chosen where CP titanium must be stronger than Grade 2 and corrosion resistance in oxidising, neutral and mildly reducing media is enough.",
    "uses": [
      {
        "where": "Heat exchangers",
        "line": "Alleima says the grade is typically used for matrix plates in shell and tube heat exchangers."
      },
      {
        "where": "Aerospace sheet and plate",
        "line": "United Performance Metals lists aerospace structures among its applications for Grade 3 sheet and coil to AMS 4900."
      },
      {
        "where": "Architecture and industrial equipment",
        "line": "Smiths lists architecture, automotive, chemical plant and marine industries among the typical applications for CP Grade 3."
      }
    ],
    "can_do": [
      {
        "label": "Strength",
        "line": "Minimum tensile strength 450 MPa and minimum 0.2 % yield strength 380 MPa for strip, sheet and plate (ASTM B265). Typical values in the Smiths datasheet are 593 MPa tensile and 462 MPa yield.",
        "benchmark": "ultimate_tensile_strength",
        "scope": "material"
      },
      {
        "label": "Ductility",
        "line": "Minimum elongation 18 % (ASTM B265, 2 in or 50 mm gauge). Typical 25 % in the Smiths datasheet.",
        "benchmark": "elongation",
        "scope": "material"
      },
      {
        "label": "Stiffness",
        "line": "Elastic modulus 103 GPa, typical (Smiths). The UPM datasheet prints 15.2 to 17.4 Msi.",
        "benchmark": "elastic_modulus",
        "scope": "material"
      },
      {
        "label": "Corrosion",
        "line": "Smiths rates high corrosion resistance in oxidising, neutral and mildly reducing media, including chlorides.",
        "scope": "material"
      },
      {
        "label": "Weldability",
        "line": "Smiths rates weldability as excellent.",
        "scope": "material"
      }
    ],
    "compare": "Grade 3 has the highest minimum tensile strength and yield strength of unalloyed grades 1 to 3 in ASTM B265 Table 1, at 450 MPa tensile and 380 MPa yield. The stronger alloy is [Ti-6Al-4V](/materials/ti-6al-4v), which is not a commercially pure grade.",
    "compare_rows": [
      {
        "label": "Density",
        "benchmark": "density",
        "scope": "material"
      },
      {
        "label": "Elastic modulus",
        "benchmark": "elastic_modulus",
        "scope": "material"
      },
      {
        "label": "Yield strength",
        "benchmark": "yield_strength",
        "scope": "material"
      }
    ],
    "handling": [
      "Welding: excellent weldability. Smiths specifies a welded bend radius of 3.0 times thickness at minimum.",
      "Bending: specified bend radius is 2.0 times thickness below 0.070 in and 2.5 times above it (Smiths). The ASTM B265 bend-test radii are the same.",
      "Fire: powder and swarf are a flammable-solid hazard (PubChem H228)."
    ],
    "good_for": [
      "Heat-exchanger matrix plates, where the grade is typically used (Alleima).",
      "Forming and welding of sheet, strip and plate that needs more strength than Grade 2 (ASTM B265 Table 1; Smiths).",
      "Aerospace sheet and coil to AMS 4900 (UPM, ATI)."
    ],
    "watch_out": [
      "Lower strength than Ti-6Al-4V: 450 MPa minimum tensile (see the Ti-6Al-4V profile).",
      "No Grade 3 crevice or seawater test was found; the Titanium Industries page gives only general titanium statements.",
      "Bending tighter than 2T (under 0.070 in) or 2.5T (0.070 to 0.187 in) is outside the ASTM bend-test radii.",
      "Powder and swarf are a flammable-solid fire hazard (PubChem).",
      "Composition limits differ between sources: Alleima prints lower Fe and O (nominal). ASTM B265 is used here."
    ],
    "verdict": "CP titanium Grade 3 is the strongest of the commercially pure grades 1 to 3, with a 450 MPa minimum tensile strength and 18 % minimum elongation. It keeps good weldability and corrosion resistance in oxidising, neutral and mildly reducing media, including chlorides. It is not a structural alloy like Ti-6Al-4V, and the sources read give no Grade 3 crevice or seawater test.",
    "recipe": {
      "line": "Unalloyed titanium with no deliberate alloying additions. ASTM B265 limits Grade 3 to maximum oxygen, iron, carbon, nitrogen and hydrogen, with titanium as the balance. Process routes are not described in the sources read.",
      "parts": [
        {
          "name": "Titanium",
          "symbol": "Ti",
          "role": "Base metal. Gives the low density and the oxide-film corrosion resistance.",
          "share_note": "balance (the rest)",
          "source": "smith-cp3",
          "where": "Chemical Composition table, Ti balance"
        },
        {
          "name": "Oxygen",
          "symbol": "O",
          "role": "Interstitial impurity with a maximum limit. ASTM B265 Table 2 gives Grade 3 the highest oxygen limit of Grades 1 to 3.",
          "share_high": 0.35,
          "share_note": "maximum 0.35 %",
          "source": "astm-b265",
          "where": "Table 2 Chemical Requirements, Oxygen max, Grade 3 column"
        },
        {
          "name": "Iron",
          "symbol": "Fe",
          "role": "Impurity with a maximum limit.",
          "share_high": 0.3,
          "share_note": "maximum 0.3 %",
          "source": "astm-b265",
          "where": "Table 2 Chemical Requirements, Iron max, Grade 3 column"
        },
        {
          "name": "Carbon",
          "symbol": "C",
          "role": "Interstitial impurity with a maximum limit.",
          "share_high": 0.08,
          "share_note": "maximum 0.08 %",
          "source": "astm-b265",
          "where": "Table 2 Chemical Requirements, Carbon max, Grade 3 column"
        },
        {
          "name": "Nitrogen",
          "symbol": "N",
          "role": "Interstitial impurity with a maximum limit. Grade 3 allows more nitrogen than Grades 1 and 2 (0.03 %).",
          "share_high": 0.05,
          "share_note": "maximum 0.05 %",
          "source": "astm-b265",
          "where": "Table 2 Chemical Requirements, Nitrogen max, Grade 3 column"
        },
        {
          "name": "Hydrogen",
          "symbol": "H",
          "role": "Interstitial impurity with a maximum limit.",
          "share_high": 0.015,
          "share_note": "maximum 0.015 %",
          "source": "astm-b265",
          "where": "Table 2 Chemical Requirements, Hydrogen max, Grade 3 column"
        }
      ]
    },
    "risk_groups": [
      {
        "title": "For people",
        "lead": "The solid metal is not hazard-classed in the sources read. PubChem gives titanium a flammable-solid classification (H228), which applies to powder and swarf.",
        "points": [
          {
            "label": "Solid metal",
            "line": "Sheet, strip, plate, bar and tube are covered by the Smiths datasheet and the ATI page, which list no hazard classification."
          },
          {
            "label": "Powder and swarf",
            "line": "PubChem gives H228 (flammable solid) from aggregated reports, and reports 606 of 808 company reports as not meeting GHS hazard criteria. Treat powder and swarf as a fire hazard."
          }
        ],
        "level": 1,
        "verdict": "Solid: no class. Powder and swarf: flammable"
      }
    ]
  },
  "updated": "2026-10-26",
  "review": {
    "status": "draft",
    "method": "assistant",
    "checked_values": 15,
    "unreachable": 0,
    "caveats": 3,
    "note": "Written 2026-10-26 by an assistant from pages fetched in this run: Smiths CP Grade 3 datasheet, Alleima Ti Grade 3 datasheet (PDF and web page), ASTM B265-08b copy (GS Alloy), UPM CP Grade 3 datasheet, ATI 55 page, USGS MCS 2026 titanium, PubChem and the Titanium Industries seawater page. Ulbrich and MakeItFrom were not fetched and are not used."
  },
  "sources": {
    "smith-cp3": {
      "title": "CP Grade 3 Technical Datasheet (Smiths Metal Centres)",
      "id": "Smiths Metal Centres",
      "url": "https://www.smithmetal.com/pdf/titanium/cp-grade-3.pdf",
      "year": 2023,
      "kind": "datasheet",
      "license": "supplier datasheet, cited not reproduced"
    },
    "alleima-ti3": {
      "title": "Alleima Ti Grade 3, tube and pipe, seamless: datasheet (updated 2025-05-09)",
      "id": "Alleima",
      "url": "https://alleima.com/en/technical-center/material-datasheets/tube-and-pipe-seamless/alleima-ti-grade-3?show=pdf",
      "year": 2025,
      "kind": "datasheet",
      "license": "supplier datasheet, cited not reproduced"
    },
    "astm-b265": {
      "title": "ASTM B265-08b: Standard Specification for Titanium and Titanium Alloy Strip, Sheet, and Plate (copy hosted by GS Alloy)",
      "id": "ASTM B265-08b",
      "url": "https://gsalloy.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/ASTM-B265.pdf",
      "year": 2008,
      "kind": "standard",
      "license": "standard copy, cited not reproduced"
    },
    "upm-cp3": {
      "title": "CP Grade 3, AMS 4900 / UNS R50550 datasheet (United Performance Metals)",
      "id": "United Performance Metals",
      "url": "https://www.upmet.com/sites/default/files/datasheets/cp-grade-3.pdf",
      "year": 2026,
      "kind": "datasheet",
      "license": "supplier datasheet, cited not reproduced"
    },
    "ati-cp3": {
      "title": "ATI 55, CP Grade 3 Titanium (ATI product page)",
      "id": "ATI",
      "url": "https://www.atimaterials.com/Products/ati-cp3",
      "year": 2026,
      "kind": "web",
      "license": "supplier web page, cited not reproduced"
    },
    "usgs-ti-2026": {
      "title": "Mineral Commodity Summaries 2026: Titanium (USGS, February 2026)",
      "id": "USGS MCS 2026, Titanium",
      "url": "https://pubs.usgs.gov/periodicals/mcs2026/mcs2026-titanium.pdf",
      "year": 2026,
      "kind": "report",
      "license": "US Government work, public domain"
    },
    "pubchem-ti": {
      "title": "PubChem: Titanium (CID 23963), GHS classification and identifiers",
      "id": "PubChem CID 23963",
      "url": "https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/rest/pug_view/data/compound/23963/JSON",
      "year": 2026,
      "kind": "database",
      "license": "PubChem, public"
    },
    "titanium-industries": {
      "title": "Titanium Performance in Seawater Applications (Titanium Industries)",
      "id": "Titanium Industries technical data",
      "url": "https://titanium.com/technical-references/titanium-seawater-applications",
      "year": 2026,
      "kind": "web",
      "license": "supplier web page, cited not reproduced"
    }
  },
  "license": "CC-BY-4.0",
  "url": "https://spacemushroom.com/profiles/titanium-grade-3/"
}