{
  "spore": "profile",
  "id": "titanium-13v-11cr-3al",
  "spore_version": "0.2",
  "family": "titanium-alloys",
  "name": "Ti-13V-11Cr-3Al (B120VCA beta titanium)",
  "abbreviation": "Ti-13-11-3",
  "role": "Age-hardening beta titanium alloy for sheet, strip and plate",
  "category": "metals",
  "type": "titanium",
  "summary": "Ti-13V-11Cr-3Al is an age-hardening beta titanium alloy, specified to AMS 4917 for sheet, strip and plate and to MIL-T-9046J. The MIL-T-9046J minimums are a tensile strength of 861 MPa and a yield strength (Rp0.2) of 827 MPa at 0 - 30°C, with at least 3 % elongation. The SAE heat treatment data give a solution treatment at 788 to 816 °C followed by ageing at 482 °C for 2 to 60 hours.\n",
  "best_for": "High-strength beta titanium sheet, strip and plate where AMS 4917 or MIL-T-9046J is specified",
  "weakest_at": "Wrought density, aged-condition strength and alloy-specific hazard data were not found in the sources held; the supplier powder figures disagree with the MIL minimums",
  "identity": {
    "formula": "Beta titanium alloy Ti-13V-11Cr-3Al, titanium balance with nominal 13 % vanadium, 11 % chromium and 3 % aluminium by weight",
    "designations": [
      {
        "system": "AMS",
        "code": "4917",
        "note": "sheet, strip and plate, solution heat treated",
        "source": "efunda",
        "where": "Opening paragraph: Other designations include MIL-T-9046 and AMS 4917"
      },
      {
        "system": "MIL",
        "code": "MIL-T-9046",
        "note": "titanium sheet, strip and plate",
        "source": "efunda",
        "where": "Opening paragraph: Other designations include MIL-T-9046 and AMS 4917"
      },
      {
        "system": "MIL",
        "code": "MIL-T-9046J",
        "note": "revision J, 1991, titanium and titanium alloy, sheet, strip and plate",
        "source": "totalmateria-mil",
        "where": "Chemical Composition section: MIL-T-9046J: 1991"
      },
      {
        "system": "Trade name",
        "code": "B120VCA",
        "note": "printed as B120VCA(Ti-13V-11Cr-3Al) in the 1962 design-data report",
        "source": "contrails",
        "where": "Record description: Four alloys were investigated: B120VCA(Ti-13V-11Cr-3Al)"
      },
      {
        "system": "Trade name",
        "code": "Ti-13-11-3",
        "note": "other name printed on the supplier page",
        "source": "samaterials",
        "where": "Product description: also called Ti-13-11-3"
      }
    ],
    "source": "efunda",
    "where": "Opening paragraph: composed, in weight percentage, of 13% Vanadium (V), 11% Chromium (Cr), 3% Aluminum (Al) and the base metal Titanium (Ti)"
  },
  "tags": {
    "environments": [],
    "stresses": [],
    "applications": [
      "structures"
    ]
  },
  "properties": [
    {
      "benchmark": "density",
      "label": "Density, spherical powder of Ti-13V-11Cr-3Al",
      "value": 4.58,
      "bound": "exact",
      "unit": "g/cm3",
      "scope": "material",
      "conditions": {
        "form": "spherical powder, supplier catalog DP4828 (listed as discontinued)",
        "temperature": "not stated",
        "unit_in_source": "4.58g/cm 3"
      },
      "method": "Value printed on a supplier product page",
      "status": "ground",
      "note": "Powder value, not a wrought sheet value. The Total Materia MIL page shows a placeholder for wrought density.",
      "source": "samaterials",
      "where": "Physical and Mechanical Properties list, Density",
      "source_detail": {
        "title": "Titanium Alloy 13-11-3 Spherical Powder (Ti-13V-11Cr-3Al), catalog DP4828, Stanford Advanced Materials",
        "id": "Catalog No. DP4828 (discontinued)",
        "url": "https://powder.samaterials.com/titanium-alloy-13-11-3-spherical-powder-ti-13v-11cr-3al.html",
        "kind": "datasheet",
        "license": "Supplier product page (cited, not reproduced)"
      }
    },
    {
      "benchmark": "melting_point",
      "label": "Melting range, spherical powder of Ti-13V-11Cr-3Al",
      "value": 1630,
      "value_high": 1660,
      "bound": "range",
      "unit": "°C",
      "scope": "material",
      "conditions": {
        "form": "spherical powder",
        "pressure": "not stated",
        "unit_in_source": "1630~1660℃"
      },
      "method": "Range printed on a supplier product page",
      "status": "ground",
      "source": "samaterials",
      "where": "Physical and Mechanical Properties list, Melting Point",
      "source_detail": {
        "title": "Titanium Alloy 13-11-3 Spherical Powder (Ti-13V-11Cr-3Al), catalog DP4828, Stanford Advanced Materials",
        "id": "Catalog No. DP4828 (discontinued)",
        "url": "https://powder.samaterials.com/titanium-alloy-13-11-3-spherical-powder-ti-13v-11cr-3al.html",
        "kind": "datasheet",
        "license": "Supplier product page (cited, not reproduced)"
      }
    },
    {
      "benchmark": "ultimate_tensile_strength",
      "label": "Tensile strength Rm, MIL-T-9046J minimum",
      "value": 861,
      "bound": "lower",
      "unit": "MPa",
      "scope": "material",
      "conditions": {
        "specification": "MIL-T-9046J: 1991",
        "temperature": "0 - 30°C (column header as printed)",
        "temper": "not stated on the page",
        "unit_in_source": "≥ 861 MPa"
      },
      "method": "Minimum value printed in a Total Materia table for the MIL specification",
      "status": "ground",
      "note": "A minimum for the specification, not a typical value. The same page prints 950 MPa for the supplier powder.",
      "source": "totalmateria-mil",
      "where": "MIL Ti-13V-11Cr-3Al Mechanical Properties, Tensile Strength row, 0 - 30°C column",
      "source_detail": {
        "title": "Total Materia: MIL Ti-13V-11Cr-3Al, MIL-T-9046J: 1991 (physical, mechanical, composition)",
        "id": "Total Materia material page 3255813",
        "url": "https://www.totalmateria.com/en-us/material/3255813",
        "kind": "database",
        "license": "Total Materia (cited, not reproduced); full data behind free registration"
      }
    },
    {
      "benchmark": "yield_strength",
      "label": "Yield strength Rp0.2, MIL-T-9046J minimum",
      "value": 827,
      "bound": "lower",
      "unit": "MPa",
      "scope": "material",
      "conditions": {
        "specification": "MIL-T-9046J: 1991",
        "temperature": "0 - 30°C (column header as printed)",
        "temper": "not stated on the page",
        "unit_in_source": "≥ 827 MPa"
      },
      "method": "Minimum value printed in a Total Materia table for the MIL specification",
      "status": "ground",
      "source": "totalmateria-mil",
      "where": "MIL Ti-13V-11Cr-3Al Mechanical Properties, Yield Strength Rp0.2 row, 0 - 30°C column",
      "source_detail": {
        "title": "Total Materia: MIL Ti-13V-11Cr-3Al, MIL-T-9046J: 1991 (physical, mechanical, composition)",
        "id": "Total Materia material page 3255813",
        "url": "https://www.totalmateria.com/en-us/material/3255813",
        "kind": "database",
        "license": "Total Materia (cited, not reproduced); full data behind free registration"
      }
    },
    {
      "benchmark": "elongation",
      "label": "Elongation A, MIL-T-9046J minimum",
      "value": 3,
      "bound": "lower",
      "unit": "%",
      "scope": "material",
      "conditions": {
        "specification": "MIL-T-9046J: 1991",
        "temperature": "0 - 30°C (column header as printed)",
        "unit_in_source": "≥ 3 %"
      },
      "method": "Minimum value printed in a Total Materia table for the MIL specification",
      "status": "ground",
      "source": "totalmateria-mil",
      "where": "MIL Ti-13V-11Cr-3Al Mechanical Properties, Elongation A row",
      "source_detail": {
        "title": "Total Materia: MIL Ti-13V-11Cr-3Al, MIL-T-9046J: 1991 (physical, mechanical, composition)",
        "id": "Total Materia material page 3255813",
        "url": "https://www.totalmateria.com/en-us/material/3255813",
        "kind": "database",
        "license": "Total Materia (cited, not reproduced); full data behind free registration"
      }
    },
    {
      "benchmark": "elastic_modulus",
      "label": "Modulus of elasticity, MIL Ti-13V-11Cr-3Al",
      "value": 80,
      "value_high": 130,
      "bound": "range",
      "unit": "GPa",
      "scope": "material",
      "conditions": {
        "specification": "MIL-T-9046J: 1991",
        "temperature": "not clearly stated in the extracted row",
        "unit_in_source": "80 — 130 GPa"
      },
      "method": "Range printed in a Total Materia physical properties table",
      "status": "ground",
      "note": "The same 80 to 130 GPa range is printed on the SAE page (totalmateria-sae).",
      "source": "totalmateria-mil",
      "where": "MIL Ti-13V-11Cr-3Al Physical Properties, Modulus of Elasticity row",
      "source_detail": {
        "title": "Total Materia: MIL Ti-13V-11Cr-3Al, MIL-T-9046J: 1991 (physical, mechanical, composition)",
        "id": "Total Materia material page 3255813",
        "url": "https://www.totalmateria.com/en-us/material/3255813",
        "kind": "database",
        "license": "Total Materia (cited, not reproduced); full data behind free registration"
      }
    },
    {
      "benchmark": "thermal_conductivity",
      "label": "Thermal conductivity, MIL Ti-13V-11Cr-3Al",
      "value": 8.044,
      "bound": "exact",
      "unit": "W/(m∙°C)",
      "scope": "material",
      "conditions": {
        "specification": "MIL-T-9046J: 1991",
        "temperature": "not stated",
        "unit_in_source": "8.044 W/(m∙°C)"
      },
      "method": "Value printed in a Total Materia physical properties table",
      "status": "ground",
      "note": "Disagrees with 6.7 W/(m*K) on the supplier powder page; both are kept side by side.",
      "source": "totalmateria-mil",
      "where": "MIL Ti-13V-11Cr-3Al Physical Properties, Thermal Conductivity row",
      "source_detail": {
        "title": "Total Materia: MIL Ti-13V-11Cr-3Al, MIL-T-9046J: 1991 (physical, mechanical, composition)",
        "id": "Total Materia material page 3255813",
        "url": "https://www.totalmateria.com/en-us/material/3255813",
        "kind": "database",
        "license": "Total Materia (cited, not reproduced); full data behind free registration"
      }
    },
    {
      "benchmark": "ultimate_tensile_strength",
      "label": "Tensile strength (ultimate), spherical powder",
      "value": 950,
      "bound": "exact",
      "unit": "MPa",
      "scope": "material",
      "conditions": {
        "form": "spherical powder",
        "temperature": "not stated",
        "temper": "not stated"
      },
      "method": "Value printed on a supplier product page",
      "status": "ground",
      "note": "Disagrees with the MIL minimum of 861 MPa; a supplier powder value with no temper or test temperature, not a specification minimum.",
      "source": "samaterials",
      "where": "Physical and Mechanical Properties list, Tensile Strength (Ultimate)",
      "source_detail": {
        "title": "Titanium Alloy 13-11-3 Spherical Powder (Ti-13V-11Cr-3Al), catalog DP4828, Stanford Advanced Materials",
        "id": "Catalog No. DP4828 (discontinued)",
        "url": "https://powder.samaterials.com/titanium-alloy-13-11-3-spherical-powder-ti-13v-11cr-3al.html",
        "kind": "datasheet",
        "license": "Supplier product page (cited, not reproduced)"
      }
    },
    {
      "benchmark": "yield_strength",
      "label": "Yield strength, spherical powder",
      "value": 850,
      "bound": "exact",
      "unit": "MPa",
      "scope": "material",
      "conditions": {
        "form": "spherical powder",
        "temperature": "not stated",
        "temper": "not stated"
      },
      "method": "Value printed on a supplier product page",
      "status": "ground",
      "note": "Disagrees with the MIL minimum of 827 MPa; a supplier powder value.",
      "source": "samaterials",
      "where": "Physical and Mechanical Properties list, Yield Strength",
      "source_detail": {
        "title": "Titanium Alloy 13-11-3 Spherical Powder (Ti-13V-11Cr-3Al), catalog DP4828, Stanford Advanced Materials",
        "id": "Catalog No. DP4828 (discontinued)",
        "url": "https://powder.samaterials.com/titanium-alloy-13-11-3-spherical-powder-ti-13v-11cr-3al.html",
        "kind": "datasheet",
        "license": "Supplier product page (cited, not reproduced)"
      }
    },
    {
      "benchmark": "elongation",
      "label": "Elongation at break, spherical powder",
      "value": 7,
      "bound": "exact",
      "unit": "%",
      "scope": "material",
      "conditions": {
        "form": "spherical powder",
        "temperature": "not stated",
        "temper": "not stated"
      },
      "method": "Value printed on a supplier product page",
      "status": "ground",
      "source": "samaterials",
      "where": "Physical and Mechanical Properties list, Elongation at break",
      "source_detail": {
        "title": "Titanium Alloy 13-11-3 Spherical Powder (Ti-13V-11Cr-3Al), catalog DP4828, Stanford Advanced Materials",
        "id": "Catalog No. DP4828 (discontinued)",
        "url": "https://powder.samaterials.com/titanium-alloy-13-11-3-spherical-powder-ti-13v-11cr-3al.html",
        "kind": "datasheet",
        "license": "Supplier product page (cited, not reproduced)"
      }
    },
    {
      "benchmark": "elastic_modulus",
      "label": "Elastic modulus, spherical powder",
      "value": 103,
      "bound": "exact",
      "unit": "GPa",
      "scope": "material",
      "conditions": {
        "form": "spherical powder",
        "temperature": "not stated"
      },
      "method": "Value printed on a supplier product page",
      "status": "ground",
      "note": "Falls inside the MIL range of 80 to 130 GPa; shown as a supplier value next to that range.",
      "source": "samaterials",
      "where": "Physical and Mechanical Properties list, Elastic Modulus",
      "source_detail": {
        "title": "Titanium Alloy 13-11-3 Spherical Powder (Ti-13V-11Cr-3Al), catalog DP4828, Stanford Advanced Materials",
        "id": "Catalog No. DP4828 (discontinued)",
        "url": "https://powder.samaterials.com/titanium-alloy-13-11-3-spherical-powder-ti-13v-11cr-3al.html",
        "kind": "datasheet",
        "license": "Supplier product page (cited, not reproduced)"
      }
    },
    {
      "benchmark": "thermal_conductivity",
      "label": "Thermal conductivity, spherical powder",
      "value": 6.7,
      "bound": "exact",
      "unit": "W/(m*K)",
      "scope": "material",
      "conditions": {
        "form": "spherical powder",
        "temperature": "not stated",
        "unit_in_source": "6.7W/(m*K)"
      },
      "method": "Value printed on a supplier product page",
      "status": "ground",
      "note": "Disagrees with 8.044 W/(m∙°C) on the MIL page.",
      "source": "samaterials",
      "where": "Physical and Mechanical Properties list, Thermal Conductivity",
      "source_detail": {
        "title": "Titanium Alloy 13-11-3 Spherical Powder (Ti-13V-11Cr-3Al), catalog DP4828, Stanford Advanced Materials",
        "id": "Catalog No. DP4828 (discontinued)",
        "url": "https://powder.samaterials.com/titanium-alloy-13-11-3-spherical-powder-ti-13v-11cr-3al.html",
        "kind": "datasheet",
        "license": "Supplier product page (cited, not reproduced)"
      }
    },
    {
      "benchmark": "specific_heat",
      "label": "Specific heat capacity, spherical powder",
      "value": 515,
      "bound": "exact",
      "unit": "J/(kg*K)",
      "scope": "material",
      "conditions": {
        "form": "spherical powder",
        "temperature": "not stated",
        "unit_in_source": "515 J/(kg*K)"
      },
      "method": "Value printed on a supplier product page",
      "status": "ground",
      "source": "samaterials",
      "where": "Physical and Mechanical Properties list, Specific Heat Capacity",
      "source_detail": {
        "title": "Titanium Alloy 13-11-3 Spherical Powder (Ti-13V-11Cr-3Al), catalog DP4828, Stanford Advanced Materials",
        "id": "Catalog No. DP4828 (discontinued)",
        "url": "https://powder.samaterials.com/titanium-alloy-13-11-3-spherical-powder-ti-13v-11cr-3al.html",
        "kind": "datasheet",
        "license": "Supplier product page (cited, not reproduced)"
      }
    },
    {
      "benchmark": "vanadium_content",
      "label": "Vanadium content, supplier powder specification",
      "value": 12.5,
      "value_high": 14.5,
      "bound": "range",
      "unit": "%",
      "scope": "material",
      "conditions": {
        "form": "spherical powder",
        "basis": "content as printed in the composition table",
        "unit_in_source": "Content (%)"
      },
      "method": "Range printed in the composition table of a supplier product page",
      "status": "ground",
      "note": "The MIL page prints a placeholder for vanadium; this row is the only printed vanadium range read.",
      "source": "samaterials",
      "where": "Chemical Composition table, V column",
      "source_detail": {
        "title": "Titanium Alloy 13-11-3 Spherical Powder (Ti-13V-11Cr-3Al), catalog DP4828, Stanford Advanced Materials",
        "id": "Catalog No. DP4828 (discontinued)",
        "url": "https://powder.samaterials.com/titanium-alloy-13-11-3-spherical-powder-ti-13v-11cr-3al.html",
        "kind": "datasheet",
        "license": "Supplier product page (cited, not reproduced)"
      }
    },
    {
      "benchmark": "chromium_content",
      "label": "Chromium content, supplier powder specification",
      "value": 10,
      "value_high": 12,
      "bound": "range",
      "unit": "%",
      "scope": "material",
      "conditions": {
        "form": "spherical powder",
        "basis": "content as printed in the composition table",
        "unit_in_source": "10.0~12.0"
      },
      "method": "Range printed in the composition table of a supplier product page",
      "status": "ground",
      "source": "samaterials",
      "where": "Chemical Composition table, Cr column",
      "source_detail": {
        "title": "Titanium Alloy 13-11-3 Spherical Powder (Ti-13V-11Cr-3Al), catalog DP4828, Stanford Advanced Materials",
        "id": "Catalog No. DP4828 (discontinued)",
        "url": "https://powder.samaterials.com/titanium-alloy-13-11-3-spherical-powder-ti-13v-11cr-3al.html",
        "kind": "datasheet",
        "license": "Supplier product page (cited, not reproduced)"
      }
    },
    {
      "benchmark": "aluminium_content",
      "label": "Aluminium content, supplier powder specification",
      "value": 2.5,
      "value_high": 3.5,
      "bound": "range",
      "unit": "%",
      "scope": "material",
      "conditions": {
        "form": "spherical powder",
        "basis": "content as printed in the composition table",
        "unit_in_source": "2.5~3.5"
      },
      "method": "Range printed in the composition table of a supplier product page",
      "status": "ground",
      "source": "samaterials",
      "where": "Chemical Composition table, Al column",
      "source_detail": {
        "title": "Titanium Alloy 13-11-3 Spherical Powder (Ti-13V-11Cr-3Al), catalog DP4828, Stanford Advanced Materials",
        "id": "Catalog No. DP4828 (discontinued)",
        "url": "https://powder.samaterials.com/titanium-alloy-13-11-3-spherical-powder-ti-13v-11cr-3al.html",
        "kind": "datasheet",
        "license": "Supplier product page (cited, not reproduced)"
      }
    },
    {
      "benchmark": "iron_content",
      "label": "Iron content, supplier powder specification",
      "value": 0.35,
      "bound": "upper",
      "unit": "%",
      "scope": "material",
      "conditions": {
        "form": "spherical powder",
        "basis": "single value printed, no range",
        "unit_in_source": "0.35"
      },
      "method": "Value printed in the composition table of a supplier product page",
      "status": "ground",
      "note": "The table prints one value without a range or a label of maximum; it is shown as printed.",
      "source": "samaterials",
      "where": "Chemical Composition table, Fe column",
      "source_detail": {
        "title": "Titanium Alloy 13-11-3 Spherical Powder (Ti-13V-11Cr-3Al), catalog DP4828, Stanford Advanced Materials",
        "id": "Catalog No. DP4828 (discontinued)",
        "url": "https://powder.samaterials.com/titanium-alloy-13-11-3-spherical-powder-ti-13v-11cr-3al.html",
        "kind": "datasheet",
        "license": "Supplier product page (cited, not reproduced)"
      }
    },
    {
      "benchmark": "carbon_content",
      "label": "Carbon content, supplier powder specification",
      "value": 0.05,
      "bound": "upper",
      "unit": "%",
      "scope": "material",
      "conditions": {
        "form": "spherical powder",
        "basis": "maximum, printed as less than or equal to",
        "unit_in_source": "≤0.05"
      },
      "method": "Limit printed in the composition table of a supplier product page",
      "status": "ground",
      "source": "samaterials",
      "where": "Chemical Composition table, C column",
      "source_detail": {
        "title": "Titanium Alloy 13-11-3 Spherical Powder (Ti-13V-11Cr-3Al), catalog DP4828, Stanford Advanced Materials",
        "id": "Catalog No. DP4828 (discontinued)",
        "url": "https://powder.samaterials.com/titanium-alloy-13-11-3-spherical-powder-ti-13v-11cr-3al.html",
        "kind": "datasheet",
        "license": "Supplier product page (cited, not reproduced)"
      }
    },
    {
      "benchmark": "nitrogen_content",
      "label": "Nitrogen content, supplier powder specification",
      "value": 0.08,
      "bound": "upper",
      "unit": "%",
      "scope": "material",
      "conditions": {
        "form": "spherical powder",
        "basis": "maximum, printed as less than or equal to",
        "unit_in_source": "≤0.08"
      },
      "method": "Limit printed in the composition table of a supplier product page",
      "status": "ground",
      "source": "samaterials",
      "where": "Chemical Composition table, N column",
      "source_detail": {
        "title": "Titanium Alloy 13-11-3 Spherical Powder (Ti-13V-11Cr-3Al), catalog DP4828, Stanford Advanced Materials",
        "id": "Catalog No. DP4828 (discontinued)",
        "url": "https://powder.samaterials.com/titanium-alloy-13-11-3-spherical-powder-ti-13v-11cr-3al.html",
        "kind": "datasheet",
        "license": "Supplier product page (cited, not reproduced)"
      }
    },
    {
      "benchmark": "hydrogen_content",
      "label": "Hydrogen content, supplier powder specification",
      "value": 250,
      "bound": "upper",
      "unit": "ppm",
      "scope": "material",
      "conditions": {
        "form": "spherical powder",
        "basis": "maximum",
        "unit_in_source": "250ppm. Max."
      },
      "method": "Limit printed in the composition table of a supplier product page",
      "status": "ground",
      "source": "samaterials",
      "where": "Chemical Composition table, H column",
      "source_detail": {
        "title": "Titanium Alloy 13-11-3 Spherical Powder (Ti-13V-11Cr-3Al), catalog DP4828, Stanford Advanced Materials",
        "id": "Catalog No. DP4828 (discontinued)",
        "url": "https://powder.samaterials.com/titanium-alloy-13-11-3-spherical-powder-ti-13v-11cr-3al.html",
        "kind": "datasheet",
        "license": "Supplier product page (cited, not reproduced)"
      }
    },
    {
      "benchmark": "solution_treatment_temperature",
      "label": "Solution treatment temperature, SAE heat treatment",
      "value": 788,
      "value_high": 816,
      "bound": "range",
      "unit": "°C",
      "scope": "material",
      "conditions": {
        "hold": "within ±14°C (±25°F), then water quenched; sections may be air cooled",
        "unit_in_source": "788 to 816°C (1450 to 1500°F)"
      },
      "method": "Range printed in a Total Materia heat treatment section",
      "status": "ground",
      "note": "Process parameter with no canonical benchmark name; recorded under solution_treatment_temperature.",
      "source": "totalmateria-sae",
      "where": "Heat Treatments section, solution treatment",
      "source_detail": {
        "title": "Total Materia: SAE Ti-13V-11Cr-3Al (heat treatments, physical and mechanical properties)",
        "id": "Total Materia material page 3210972",
        "url": "https://www.totalmateria.com/en-us/material/3210972",
        "kind": "database",
        "license": "Total Materia (cited, not reproduced); full data behind free registration"
      }
    },
    {
      "benchmark": "aging_temperature",
      "label": "Ageing temperature, SAE heat treatment",
      "value": 482,
      "bound": "exact",
      "unit": "°C",
      "scope": "material",
      "conditions": {
        "tolerance": "±8°C (900°F ± 15°F)",
        "hold": "2 to 60 hours, then air cooled",
        "unit_in_source": "482°C ± 8°C (900°F ± 15°F)"
      },
      "method": "Value printed in a Total Materia heat treatment section",
      "status": "ground",
      "note": "Process parameter with no canonical benchmark name; recorded under aging_temperature.",
      "source": "totalmateria-sae",
      "where": "Heat Treatments section, aging, first procedure",
      "source_detail": {
        "title": "Total Materia: SAE Ti-13V-11Cr-3Al (heat treatments, physical and mechanical properties)",
        "id": "Total Materia material page 3210972",
        "url": "https://www.totalmateria.com/en-us/material/3210972",
        "kind": "database",
        "license": "Total Materia (cited, not reproduced); full data behind free registration"
      }
    },
    {
      "benchmark": "aging_time",
      "label": "Ageing time, SAE heat treatment",
      "value": 2,
      "value_high": 60,
      "bound": "range",
      "unit": "hours",
      "scope": "material",
      "conditions": {
        "temperature": "482°C ± 8°C",
        "unit_in_source": "2 to 60 hour"
      },
      "method": "Range printed in a Total Materia heat treatment section",
      "status": "ground",
      "note": "Process parameter with no canonical benchmark name; recorded under aging_time.",
      "source": "totalmateria-sae",
      "where": "Heat Treatments section, aging, first procedure, holding time",
      "source_detail": {
        "title": "Total Materia: SAE Ti-13V-11Cr-3Al (heat treatments, physical and mechanical properties)",
        "id": "Total Materia material page 3210972",
        "url": "https://www.totalmateria.com/en-us/material/3210972",
        "kind": "database",
        "license": "Total Materia (cited, not reproduced); full data behind free registration"
      }
    }
  ],
  "corrosion": [
    {
      "environment": "Seawater and general corrosion, supplier statement",
      "headline": "The powder supplier says the alloy has good corrosion resistance, including in seawater.",
      "effect": "Stanford Advanced Materials states that Ti-13-11-3 shows good corrosion resistance in the seawater environment, which suits marine use. The page gives no corrosion rate, test medium or exposure time.",
      "rating": "low",
      "conditions": {
        "basis": "supplier wording only; no test data printed on the page"
      },
      "source": "samaterials",
      "where": "Description and Applications text"
    }
  ],
  "risks": {
    "hazards": [
      {
        "text": "PubChem's record for the element titanium (CID 23963) lists GHS hazard statements H228 (flammable solid), H250 (catches fire spontaneously if exposed to air) and H251 (self-heating; may catch fire) from a minority of company notifications, while most company reports say the element does not meet GHS hazard criteria. No safety data sheet for Ti-13V-11Cr-3Al was found, so this entry describes the element, not this alloy.",
        "ghs": [
          "H228",
          "H250",
          "H251"
        ],
        "source": "pubchem-titanium",
        "where": "Safety and Hazards, GHS Classification (CID 23963)"
      }
    ],
    "failure_risks": [],
    "side_effects": [],
    "handling": [
      {
        "text": "Heat treat in two steps: solution treat at 788 to 816 °C and water quench, then age at 482 °C for 2 to 60 hours and air cool (SAE page).",
        "source": "totalmateria-sae",
        "where": "Heat Treatments section"
      },
      {
        "text": "Lighter sections may be air cooled after solution treatment instead of water quenched (SAE page).",
        "source": "totalmateria-sae",
        "where": "Heat Treatments section, solution treatment"
      },
      {
        "text": "Check the governing specification, AMS 4917 or MIL-T-9046J, before use. The full texts of both were not read.",
        "source": "efunda",
        "where": "Opening paragraph, other designations"
      }
    ],
    "mitigations": []
  },
  "uses": [
    {
      "application": "structures",
      "device": "Sheet, strip and plate in the solution-treated condition",
      "example": "The SAE listing for AMS4917E covers a titanium alloy of 13.5V - 11Cr - 3.0Al in the form of sheet, strip and plate, solution heat treated.",
      "source": "saemobilus",
      "where": "Title and Scope of AMS4917E"
    },
    {
      "application": "structures",
      "device": "Aircraft components and structural parts",
      "example": "The powder supplier says the alloy is widely used in aerospace applications, such as aircraft components or structural parts.",
      "source": "samaterials",
      "where": "Applications paragraph"
    },
    {
      "application": "structures",
      "device": "Spherical powder feedstock for additive manufacturing (3D printing)",
      "example": "The supplier offered the alloy as spherical powder, catalog DP4828, now discontinued, for making complex components by additive manufacturing.",
      "source": "samaterials",
      "where": "Product description and Applications paragraph"
    }
  ],
  "supply": [
    {
      "subject": "Titanium sponge metal (feedstock for titanium alloys)",
      "abundance": "USGS reports world sponge metal production of 370,000 tons in 2025 (estimated), after 380,000 tons in 2024. Sponge is the metal feedstock for alloys such as this one.",
      "producers": [
        {
          "country": "China",
          "year": 2025
        },
        {
          "country": "Japan",
          "year": 2025
        },
        {
          "country": "Russia",
          "year": 2025
        },
        {
          "country": "Kazakhstan",
          "year": 2025
        },
        {
          "country": "Saudi Arabia",
          "year": 2025
        }
      ],
      "critical_lists": [],
      "recycling": "USGS: owing to limited responses from voluntary surveys, consumption data for titanium scrap metal for the titanium metal industry were withheld. The United States imported an estimated 44,000 tons of sponge in 2025 (estimated).",
      "substitutes": [
        "USGS: Aluminum, nickel, specialty steels, and zirconium alloys may be substituted for titanium for applications that require corrosion resistance.",
        "USGS: In high-strength applications, titanium competes with aluminum, composites, intermetallics, steel, and superalloys."
      ],
      "source": "usgs-mcs2026-titanium",
      "where": "Salient Statistics, World Sponge Metal Production table (2025e), Recycling, Substitutes and Events, Trends, and Issues sections"
    }
  ],
  "media": [],
  "documents": [
    {
      "title": "Stanford Advanced Materials, Titanium Alloy 13-11-3 Spherical Powder (Ti-13V-11Cr-3Al), catalog DP4828",
      "type": "datasheet",
      "url": "https://powder.samaterials.com/titanium-alloy-13-11-3-spherical-powder-ti-13v-11cr-3al.html"
    },
    {
      "title": "Total Materia: MIL Ti-13V-11Cr-3Al (MIL-T-9046J) physical and mechanical properties",
      "type": "database",
      "url": "https://www.totalmateria.com/en-us/material/3255813"
    },
    {
      "title": "Total Materia: SAE Ti-13V-11Cr-3Al heat treatments and properties",
      "type": "database",
      "url": "https://www.totalmateria.com/en-us/material/3210972"
    },
    {
      "title": "eFunda: Ti-13V-11Cr-3Al wrought titanium alloy",
      "type": "database",
      "url": "https://www.efunda.com/glossary/materials/alloys/materials--alloys--titanium_alloy--wrought--ti-13v-11cr-3al.cfm"
    },
    {
      "title": "SAE: AMS4917E titanium alloy sheet, strip and plate, solution heat treated",
      "type": "standard",
      "url": "https://saemobilus.sae.org/content/ams4917e"
    },
    {
      "title": "Lockheed-Georgia, ASD TDR 62-335 Volume 3, design data for heat treated titanium alloy sheet (Illinois Institute of Technology record)",
      "type": "report",
      "url": "https://contrails.library.iit.edu/item/159100",
      "year": 1962
    },
    {
      "title": "USGS Mineral Commodity Summaries 2026: Titanium and titanium dioxide",
      "type": "report",
      "url": "https://pubs.usgs.gov/periodicals/mcs2026/mcs2026-titanium.pdf",
      "year": 2026
    },
    {
      "title": "PubChem: Titanium (CID 23963), GHS classification summary",
      "type": "database",
      "url": "https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/23963"
    }
  ],
  "gaps": [
    "No safety data sheet for the wrought alloy or its powder was found in the sources held. The only hazard entry is PubChem's record for the element titanium, which may not describe this alloy.",
    "No failure-mode or service-failure record for this alloy was found in the sources held.",
    "Aged-condition tensile, yield and elongation values for sheet, strip and plate were not found. The MIL figures are minimums with no stated temper. The 1962 Lockheed-Georgia report (ASD TDR 62-335 Volume 3) is an image-only PDF with no text layer, so its tables could not be read.",
    "The ASM Alloy Digest for Crucible B-120VCA is paywalled, and its visible text gives only a general stability statement without the test details needed to record a value.",
    "UNS R58010 is printed on the Total Materia SAE page, but that page marks the equivalence as Implicit, so it is not recorded as a designation.",
    "Wrought density and melting point were not found. The Total Materia MIL page shows a placeholder for density, and the only density and melting range are supplier powder values.",
    "The eFunda typical density, modulus and tensile figures apply to titanium alloys in general, not this grade, so they are not recorded.",
    "The MIL page prints a placeholder for vanadium, and the AMS 4917 composition table could not be read, so the vanadium limits come from the powder supplier only.",
    "The AMS 4917 title gives a vanadium figure that differs from the nominal vanadium content on eFunda. The difference is shown, not resolved.",
    "Specific heat, electrical resistivity and coefficient of thermal expansion for the wrought alloy were not found. Specific heat is recorded only for the supplier powder.",
    "Corrosion rate, outgassing and radiation data for this alloy in space conditions were not found in the sources held.",
    "The USGS titanium chapter read here does not print a critical-minerals listing for titanium, so critical_lists is empty.",
    "Country production shares for sponge are not calculated here. The producers list names the countries with printed 2025 sponge production.",
    "solution_treatment_temperature, aging_temperature and aging_time are not canonical benchmark names. No canonical name exists for these process steps."
  ],
  "story": {
    "why": "Ti-13V-11Cr-3Al is a beta titanium alloy with high strength for its weight. The MIL-T-9046J minimums are 861 MPa tensile and 827 MPa yield at 0 - 30°C, with at least 3 % elongation, and AMS 4917 covers the alloy as sheet, strip and plate in the solution-treated condition. A supplier of the alloy powder reports 950 MPa tensile and 850 MPa yield, a higher figure with no temper or test temperature stated, so the two sets of values are shown side by side rather than merged.",
    "uses": [
      {
        "where": "Aircraft sheet, strip and plate",
        "line": "AMS 4917 covers this titanium alloy as sheet, strip and plate in the solution-treated condition, according to the SAE listing for AMS4917E."
      },
      {
        "where": "Aircraft components and structural parts",
        "line": "The powder supplier says the alloy is widely used in aerospace applications, such as aircraft components or structural parts."
      },
      {
        "where": "Additive manufacturing feedstock",
        "line": "The same supplier offered the alloy as spherical powder for making complex components by additive manufacturing. The catalog entry is now discontinued."
      }
    ],
    "can_do": [
      {
        "label": "Tensile strength (specification minimum)",
        "line": "Under MIL-T-9046J the tensile strength is at least 861 MPa at 0 - 30°C, per the Total Materia MIL table.",
        "benchmark": "ultimate_tensile_strength",
        "scope": "material",
        "value": "861 MPa minimum"
      },
      {
        "label": "Yield strength (specification minimum)",
        "line": "The Rp0.2 yield strength is at least 827 MPa in the same table, with at least 3 % elongation.",
        "benchmark": "yield_strength",
        "scope": "material",
        "value": "827 MPa minimum"
      },
      {
        "label": "Powder density",
        "line": "The spherical powder has a density of 4.58 g/cm3 as printed by the supplier. A wrought density was not found.",
        "benchmark": "density",
        "scope": "material",
        "value": "4.58 g/cm3"
      },
      {
        "label": "Melting range (powder)",
        "line": "The supplier powder prints a melting range of 1630 to 1660 °C.",
        "benchmark": "melting_point",
        "scope": "material",
        "value": "1630 to 1660 °C"
      },
      {
        "label": "Ageing temperature",
        "line": "After solution treatment at 788 to 816 °C, the SAE page gives ageing at 482 °C for 2 to 60 hours.",
        "benchmark": "aging_temperature",
        "scope": "material",
        "value": "482 °C"
      },
      {
        "label": "Elastic modulus",
        "line": "The modulus is printed as 80 to 130 GPa on the MIL and SAE Total Materia pages. The test temperature is not clear in the extracted row.",
        "benchmark": "elastic_modulus",
        "scope": "material",
        "value": "80 to 130 GPa"
      }
    ],
    "compare": "The MIL-T-9046J minimums (861 MPa tensile and 827 MPa yield) are lower than the powder supplier's stated values (950 MPa tensile and 850 MPa yield). A minimum is a floor a specification guarantees, while the supplier figure is a single product value with no temper or test temperature, so the two should not be ranked against each other. The thermal conductivity also differs by source: 8.044 W/(m∙°C) on the MIL page against 6.7 W/(m*K) for the powder.",
    "compare_rows": [
      {
        "label": "Tensile strength",
        "benchmark": "ultimate_tensile_strength",
        "scope": "material"
      },
      {
        "label": "Yield strength",
        "benchmark": "yield_strength",
        "scope": "material"
      },
      {
        "label": "Density",
        "benchmark": "density",
        "scope": "material"
      }
    ],
    "handling": [
      "Heat treat in two steps: solution treat at 788 to 816 °C and water quench, then age at 482 °C for 2 to 60 hours and air cool.",
      "Lighter sections may be air cooled after solution treatment instead of water quenched.",
      "Check the governing specification, AMS 4917 or MIL-T-9046J, before use. The full texts of both were not read."
    ],
    "good_for": [
      "Sheet, strip and plate for aircraft structures, where MIL-T-9046J sets minimum tensile and yield strengths.",
      "Age hardening after solution treatment, using the SAE heat treatment steps."
    ],
    "watch_out": [
      "The strength minimums carry no stated temper, so no aged-condition strength is recorded for sheet.",
      "The supplier powder and the MIL minimums disagree. Both are shown and neither is averaged.",
      "The wrought density and melting point were not found, so mass and melting data are powder values only.",
      "No hazard or failure data were found for this alloy."
    ],
    "verdict": "Ti-13V-11Cr-3Al is a high-strength beta titanium alloy with MIL-T-9046J minimums of 861 MPa tensile and 827 MPa yield, and a published heat treatment of 788 to 816 °C solution treatment and 482 °C ageing. Its wrought density, aged-condition strength and alloy-specific hazard data are not in the sources held, and the supplier powder values differ from the specification minimums.",
    "recipe": {
      "line": "Ti-13V-11Cr-3Al is a titanium alloy: titanium is the balance, and vanadium, chromium and aluminium are the alloying additions. Supplier and specification pages print composition limits as percent by weight. The SAE page gives the heat treatment that follows melting and forming, a solution treatment and then ageing.",
      "parts": [
        {
          "name": "Titanium",
          "symbol": "Ti",
          "role": "Base metal, the balance of the alloy",
          "share_note": "balance (Bal.) as printed",
          "source": "samaterials",
          "where": "Chemical Composition table, Ti column"
        },
        {
          "name": "Vanadium",
          "symbol": "V",
          "role": "Main alloying element",
          "share_percent": 12.5,
          "share_high": 14.5,
          "source": "samaterials",
          "where": "Chemical Composition table, V column"
        },
        {
          "name": "Chromium",
          "symbol": "Cr",
          "role": "Alloying element",
          "share_percent": 10,
          "share_high": 12,
          "source": "samaterials",
          "where": "Chemical Composition table, Cr column"
        },
        {
          "name": "Aluminium",
          "symbol": "Al",
          "role": "Alloying element",
          "share_percent": 2.5,
          "share_high": 3.5,
          "source": "samaterials",
          "where": "Chemical Composition table, Al column"
        },
        {
          "name": "Iron",
          "symbol": "Fe",
          "role": "Impurity, as printed",
          "share_percent": 0.35,
          "share_note": "printed as 0.35, no range",
          "source": "samaterials",
          "where": "Chemical Composition table, Fe column"
        },
        {
          "name": "Carbon",
          "symbol": "C",
          "role": "Impurity limit",
          "share_percent": 0.05,
          "share_note": "maximum, printed as ≤0.05",
          "source": "samaterials",
          "where": "Chemical Composition table, C column"
        },
        {
          "name": "Nitrogen",
          "symbol": "N",
          "role": "Impurity limit",
          "share_percent": 0.08,
          "share_note": "maximum, printed as ≤0.08",
          "source": "samaterials",
          "where": "Chemical Composition table, N column"
        },
        {
          "name": "Hydrogen",
          "symbol": "H",
          "role": "Impurity limit",
          "share_note": "maximum 250 ppm, as printed",
          "source": "samaterials",
          "where": "Chemical Composition table, H column"
        }
      ]
    },
    "risk_groups": [
      {
        "title": "For people",
        "lead": "No safety data sheet for this alloy or its powder was found in the sources held. The only GHS data read is for the element titanium.",
        "points": [
          {
            "label": "Powder",
            "line": "The supplier product page prints no hazard classification, and no safety data sheet for the alloy was found."
          }
        ],
        "verdict": "Element GHS data only"
      },
      {
        "title": "If it fails",
        "lead": "The sources give specification minimums and supplier values, not failure records.",
        "points": [
          {
            "label": "Strength floor",
            "line": "The MIL-T-9046J minimums are 861 MPa tensile and 827 MPa yield at 0 - 30°C. The supplier powder values of 950 MPa and 850 MPa carry no temper or test temperature."
          }
        ],
        "verdict": "No failure records found"
      },
      {
        "title": "Handling and storage",
        "points": [
          {
            "label": "Heat treatment",
            "line": "Solution treatment at 788 to 816 °C is followed by a water quench, and ageing at 482 °C for 2 to 60 hours, per the SAE page."
          }
        ]
      }
    ]
  },
  "updated": "2026-11-01",
  "review": {
    "status": "draft",
    "method": "assistant",
    "checked_values": 23,
    "unreachable": 0,
    "caveats": 4,
    "note": "Values read by an AI assistant on 2026-11-01 from the pages named in each entry. Total Materia shows some values only behind a registration wall, so only printed values are recorded. The supplier powder and the MIL minimums disagree and are kept as separate rows. The 1962 report is image-only and was not used for values."
  },
  "sources": {
    "samaterials": {
      "title": "Titanium Alloy 13-11-3 Spherical Powder (Ti-13V-11Cr-3Al), catalog DP4828, Stanford Advanced Materials",
      "id": "Catalog No. DP4828 (discontinued)",
      "url": "https://powder.samaterials.com/titanium-alloy-13-11-3-spherical-powder-ti-13v-11cr-3al.html",
      "kind": "datasheet",
      "license": "Supplier product page (cited, not reproduced)"
    },
    "totalmateria-mil": {
      "title": "Total Materia: MIL Ti-13V-11Cr-3Al, MIL-T-9046J: 1991 (physical, mechanical, composition)",
      "id": "Total Materia material page 3255813",
      "url": "https://www.totalmateria.com/en-us/material/3255813",
      "kind": "database",
      "license": "Total Materia (cited, not reproduced); full data behind free registration"
    },
    "totalmateria-sae": {
      "title": "Total Materia: SAE Ti-13V-11Cr-3Al (heat treatments, physical and mechanical properties)",
      "id": "Total Materia material page 3210972",
      "url": "https://www.totalmateria.com/en-us/material/3210972",
      "kind": "database",
      "license": "Total Materia (cited, not reproduced); full data behind free registration"
    },
    "efunda": {
      "title": "eFunda glossary: Ti-13V-11Cr-3Al wrought titanium alloy",
      "url": "https://www.efunda.com/glossary/materials/alloys/materials--alloys--titanium_alloy--wrought--ti-13v-11cr-3al.cfm",
      "kind": "web",
      "license": "eFunda (cited, not reproduced)"
    },
    "saemobilus": {
      "title": "AMS4917E titanium alloy sheet, strip, and plate, 13.5V - 11Cr - 3.0Al, solution heat treated (SAE)",
      "id": "AMS4917E, revision E, reaffirmed",
      "url": "https://saemobilus.sae.org/content/ams4917e",
      "kind": "standard",
      "license": "SAE Mobilus listing (cited, not reproduced)"
    },
    "contrails": {
      "title": "ASD TDR 62-335 Volume 3, Determination of Design Data for Heat Treated Titanium Alloy Sheet, Tables of Data Collected (Lockheed-Georgia, 1962)",
      "id": "Illinois Institute of Technology record 159100",
      "url": "https://contrails.library.iit.edu/item/159100",
      "year": 1962,
      "kind": "report",
      "license": "IIT Galvin Library record (cited, not reproduced)"
    },
    "usgs-mcs2026-titanium": {
      "title": "Mineral Commodity Summaries 2026: Titanium and titanium dioxide (USGS)",
      "id": "USGS MCS 2026",
      "url": "https://pubs.usgs.gov/periodicals/mcs2026/mcs2026-titanium.pdf",
      "year": 2026,
      "kind": "report",
      "license": "Public domain (USGS)"
    },
    "pubchem-titanium": {
      "title": "PubChem: Titanium (CID 23963), Safety and Hazards, GHS Classification summary",
      "id": "PubChem CID 23963",
      "url": "https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/23963",
      "kind": "database",
      "license": "PubChem (public domain, NCBI; cited, not reproduced)"
    }
  },
  "license": "CC-BY-4.0",
  "url": "https://spacemushroom.com/profiles/titanium-13v-11cr-3al/"
}