{
  "spore": "profile",
  "id": "stainless-13-8mo",
  "spore_version": "0.2",
  "family": "stainless-steels",
  "name": "PH 13-8Mo stainless steel",
  "abbreviation": "PH 13-8Mo",
  "role": "high-toughness precipitation-hardening stainless steel for aerospace fasteners, shafts and hardware",
  "category": "metals",
  "type": "steels-and-stainless",
  "summary": "PH 13-8 Mo (UNS S13800, EN 1.4534, AMS 5629) is a precipitation-hardening stainless steel. Its typical yield strength is 1449 MPa in condition H 950 (longitudinal, per the HiTemp Metals datasheet), and the Bibus datasheet gives a minimum of 1413 MPa for the same condition. Its marine stress-corrosion resistance is described as high, and its Charpy V-notch energy is 41 J in condition H 1000 and 27 J in condition H 950.\n",
  "best_for": "Strong stainless parts for marine or humid air: a typical yield strength of 1449 MPa in condition H 950 and a high level of stress-corrosion resistance in marine tests",
  "weakest_at": "Strength falls as the ageing temperature rises, and toughness rises with it; no space-environment data (outgassing, atomic oxygen or radiation) for this alloy were found in any source read",
  "identity": {
    "formula": "Iron-based precipitation-hardening stainless steel: iron with chromium, nickel, molybdenum and aluminium as the main alloying elements (limits in the recipe parts)",
    "designations": [
      {
        "system": "UNS",
        "code": "S13800",
        "source": "bibus",
        "where": "Header line printed as 1.4534.9 | UNS S13800 | AMS 5629"
      },
      {
        "system": "AMS",
        "code": "5629",
        "source": "bibus",
        "where": "Header line printed as 1.4534.9 | UNS S13800 | AMS 5629"
      },
      {
        "system": "EN",
        "code": "1.4534",
        "source": "bibus",
        "where": "Header line printed as 1.4534.9, and page title PH 13-8 Mo | 1.4534"
      },
      {
        "system": "Trade name",
        "code": "PH 13-8 Mo",
        "source": "hightempmetals",
        "where": "Page title and trademark note: PH 13-8 Mo stainless is a registered trademark of Armco Inc."
      }
    ],
    "source": "bibus",
    "where": "Chemical composition limits in % from the Bibus table, with decimal commas written as points: Fe rest; Cr 12.25 to 13.25; Ni 7.50 to 8.50; Mo 2.00 to 2.50; Al 0.90 to 1.35; Mn max 0.20; N max 0.10; Si max 0.10; C max 0.05; P max 0.01. The HiTemp Metals type analysis differs for two elements: Mn max 0.10 and N max 0.01. Both are recorded here and the two sources disagree."
  },
  "tags": {
    "environments": [],
    "stresses": [],
    "applications": [
      "structures",
      "mechanisms"
    ]
  },
  "properties": [
    {
      "benchmark": "density",
      "label": "Density, PH 13-8 Mo (Bibus datasheet)",
      "value": 7.76,
      "bound": "exact",
      "unit": "g/cm3",
      "scope": "material",
      "conditions": {
        "condition": "not stated on the page",
        "unit_in_source": "g/cm³"
      },
      "method": "Value printed in a supplier datasheet",
      "status": "ground",
      "source": "bibus",
      "where": "Physical constants and thermal properties table, row Density",
      "source_detail": {
        "title": "PH 13-8 Mo | 1.4534 technical data, Bibus Metals (supplier datasheet)",
        "id": "EN 1.4534, UNS S13800, AMS 5629",
        "url": "https://sd-metals.bibus.com/de-en/materials/itm/PH-13-8-Mo-1-4534/",
        "kind": "datasheet",
        "license": "Supplier technical data page (cited, not reproduced)"
      }
    },
    {
      "benchmark": "melting_point",
      "label": "Melting point, PH 13-8 Mo (Bibus datasheet)",
      "value": 1404,
      "bound": "exact",
      "unit": "°C",
      "scope": "material",
      "conditions": {
        "note": "single value printed, no range"
      },
      "method": "Single value printed in a supplier datasheet",
      "status": "ground",
      "source": "bibus",
      "where": "Physical constants and thermal properties table, row Melting point",
      "source_detail": {
        "title": "PH 13-8 Mo | 1.4534 technical data, Bibus Metals (supplier datasheet)",
        "id": "EN 1.4534, UNS S13800, AMS 5629",
        "url": "https://sd-metals.bibus.com/de-en/materials/itm/PH-13-8-Mo-1-4534/",
        "kind": "datasheet",
        "license": "Supplier technical data page (cited, not reproduced)"
      }
    },
    {
      "benchmark": "thermal_conductivity",
      "label": "Thermal conductivity at 20 °C, PH 13-8 Mo (Bibus datasheet)",
      "value": 12.8,
      "bound": "exact",
      "unit": "W/m - °C",
      "scope": "material",
      "conditions": {
        "temperature": "20 °C",
        "unit_in_source": "W/m - °C"
      },
      "method": "Value printed in a supplier datasheet",
      "status": "ground",
      "source": "bibus",
      "where": "Physical constants and thermal properties table, row Thermal conductivity at 20°C",
      "source_detail": {
        "title": "PH 13-8 Mo | 1.4534 technical data, Bibus Metals (supplier datasheet)",
        "id": "EN 1.4534, UNS S13800, AMS 5629",
        "url": "https://sd-metals.bibus.com/de-en/materials/itm/PH-13-8-Mo-1-4534/",
        "kind": "datasheet",
        "license": "Supplier technical data page (cited, not reproduced)"
      }
    },
    {
      "benchmark": "thermal_conductivity",
      "label": "Thermal conductivity at 100 °C, condition A (HiTemp Metals datasheet)",
      "value": 14,
      "bound": "exact",
      "unit": "W/m-K",
      "scope": "material",
      "conditions": {
        "temperature": "100 °C (212 °F)",
        "condition_printed": "Condition A",
        "unit_in_source": "W/m-K"
      },
      "method": "Value printed in a supplier datasheet",
      "status": "ground",
      "source": "hightempmetals",
      "where": "Thermal Conductivity section, Condition A at 212°F / 100°C, printed as 97.2 Btu-in/ft²-h-°F (14.0 W/m-K)",
      "source_detail": {
        "title": "PH 13-8 Mo technical data, HiTemp Metals (supplier datasheet)",
        "url": "https://www.hightempmetals.com/techdata/hitemp13-8MOdata.php",
        "kind": "datasheet",
        "license": "Supplier technical data page (cited, not reproduced)"
      }
    },
    {
      "benchmark": "cte",
      "label": "Mean coefficient of thermal expansion, 20 to 100 °C (Bibus datasheet)",
      "value": 13,
      "bound": "exact",
      "unit": "μm/m - °C",
      "scope": "material",
      "conditions": {
        "temperature": "20 to 100 °C",
        "unit_in_source": "μm/m - °C"
      },
      "method": "Value printed in a supplier datasheet; it differs from the HiTemp Metals value at a different temperature range (see gaps)",
      "status": "ground",
      "source": "bibus",
      "where": "Physical constants and thermal properties table, row Coefficient of expansion at 20-100°C",
      "source_detail": {
        "title": "PH 13-8 Mo | 1.4534 technical data, Bibus Metals (supplier datasheet)",
        "id": "EN 1.4534, UNS S13800, AMS 5629",
        "url": "https://sd-metals.bibus.com/de-en/materials/itm/PH-13-8-Mo-1-4534/",
        "kind": "datasheet",
        "license": "Supplier technical data page (cited, not reproduced)"
      }
    },
    {
      "benchmark": "cte",
      "label": "Mean coefficient of thermal expansion, condition H 1000, 21 to 204 °C (HiTemp Metals datasheet)",
      "value": 10.8,
      "bound": "exact",
      "unit": "10⁻⁶/K",
      "scope": "material",
      "conditions": {
        "condition": "H 1000",
        "temperature": "21 to 204 °C (70 to 400 °F)",
        "unit_in_source": "10⁻⁶/K"
      },
      "method": "Value printed in a supplier datasheet",
      "status": "ground",
      "source": "hightempmetals",
      "where": "Mean Coefficient of Thermal Expansion table, row 70-400°F (21-204°C), column H 1000, second value of 6.0 / 10.8",
      "source_detail": {
        "title": "PH 13-8 Mo technical data, HiTemp Metals (supplier datasheet)",
        "url": "https://www.hightempmetals.com/techdata/hitemp13-8MOdata.php",
        "kind": "datasheet",
        "license": "Supplier technical data page (cited, not reproduced)"
      }
    },
    {
      "benchmark": "electrical_resistivity",
      "label": "Electrical resistivity, condition A (HiTemp Metals datasheet)",
      "value": 1020,
      "bound": "exact",
      "unit": "microhm-mm",
      "scope": "material",
      "conditions": {
        "temperature": "100 °C (212 °F)",
        "condition_printed": "Condition A",
        "unit_in_source": "microhm-mm"
      },
      "method": "Value printed in a supplier datasheet; the same page also prints 613 ohms c/mf (not recorded here)",
      "status": "ground",
      "source": "hightempmetals",
      "where": "Electrical Resistivity section, Condition A at 212°F / 100°C, second line",
      "source_detail": {
        "title": "PH 13-8 Mo technical data, HiTemp Metals (supplier datasheet)",
        "url": "https://www.hightempmetals.com/techdata/hitemp13-8MOdata.php",
        "kind": "datasheet",
        "license": "Supplier technical data page (cited, not reproduced)"
      }
    },
    {
      "benchmark": "yield_strength",
      "label": "Yield strength 0.2 % offset, H 950, typical longitudinal (HiTemp Metals datasheet)",
      "value": 1449,
      "bound": "exact",
      "unit": "MPa",
      "scope": "material",
      "conditions": {
        "condition": "H 950",
        "form": "typical longitudinal, center or intermediate location",
        "temperature": "room temperature",
        "basis": "typical"
      },
      "method": "Typical value printed in a supplier datasheet; this is a typical value, not a minimum",
      "status": "ground",
      "source": "hightempmetals",
      "where": "Typical Longitudinal Room-Temperature Mechanical Properties table, row H 950, column 0.2% Yield (ksi / MPa), printed as 210 / 1449",
      "source_detail": {
        "title": "PH 13-8 Mo technical data, HiTemp Metals (supplier datasheet)",
        "url": "https://www.hightempmetals.com/techdata/hitemp13-8MOdata.php",
        "kind": "datasheet",
        "license": "Supplier technical data page (cited, not reproduced)"
      }
    },
    {
      "benchmark": "yield_strength",
      "label": "Yield strength, H 950, minimum (Bibus datasheet)",
      "value": 1413,
      "bound": "exact",
      "unit": "MPa",
      "scope": "material",
      "conditions": {
        "condition": "H950",
        "basis": "minimum, room temperature"
      },
      "method": "Minimum value printed under the heading Typical mechanical properties (room temperature)",
      "status": "ground",
      "source": "bibus",
      "where": "Typical mechanical properties table, row H950, column Yield strength, printed as min. 1413 MPa",
      "source_detail": {
        "title": "PH 13-8 Mo | 1.4534 technical data, Bibus Metals (supplier datasheet)",
        "id": "EN 1.4534, UNS S13800, AMS 5629",
        "url": "https://sd-metals.bibus.com/de-en/materials/itm/PH-13-8-Mo-1-4534/",
        "kind": "datasheet",
        "license": "Supplier technical data page (cited, not reproduced)"
      }
    },
    {
      "benchmark": "yield_strength",
      "label": "Yield strength 0.2 % offset, H 1000, typical longitudinal (HiTemp Metals datasheet)",
      "value": 1413,
      "bound": "exact",
      "unit": "MPa",
      "scope": "material",
      "conditions": {
        "condition": "H 1000",
        "form": "typical longitudinal, center or intermediate location",
        "temperature": "room temperature",
        "basis": "typical"
      },
      "method": "Typical value printed in a supplier datasheet",
      "status": "ground",
      "source": "hightempmetals",
      "where": "Typical Longitudinal Room-Temperature Mechanical Properties table, row H 1000, column 0.2% Yield (ksi / MPa), printed as 205 / 1413",
      "source_detail": {
        "title": "PH 13-8 Mo technical data, HiTemp Metals (supplier datasheet)",
        "url": "https://www.hightempmetals.com/techdata/hitemp13-8MOdata.php",
        "kind": "datasheet",
        "license": "Supplier technical data page (cited, not reproduced)"
      }
    },
    {
      "benchmark": "yield_strength",
      "label": "Yield strength, H 1000, minimum (Bibus datasheet)",
      "value": 1310,
      "bound": "exact",
      "unit": "MPa",
      "scope": "material",
      "conditions": {
        "condition": "H1000",
        "basis": "minimum, room temperature"
      },
      "method": "Minimum value printed under the heading Typical mechanical properties (room temperature)",
      "status": "ground",
      "source": "bibus",
      "where": "Typical mechanical properties table, row H1000, column Yield strength, printed as min. 1310 MPa",
      "source_detail": {
        "title": "PH 13-8 Mo | 1.4534 technical data, Bibus Metals (supplier datasheet)",
        "id": "EN 1.4534, UNS S13800, AMS 5629",
        "url": "https://sd-metals.bibus.com/de-en/materials/itm/PH-13-8-Mo-1-4534/",
        "kind": "datasheet",
        "license": "Supplier technical data page (cited, not reproduced)"
      }
    },
    {
      "benchmark": "yield_strength",
      "label": "Yield strength, H 1050, minimum (Bibus datasheet)",
      "value": 1138,
      "bound": "exact",
      "unit": "MPa",
      "scope": "material",
      "conditions": {
        "condition": "H1050",
        "basis": "minimum, room temperature"
      },
      "method": "Minimum value printed under the heading Typical mechanical properties (room temperature)",
      "status": "ground",
      "source": "bibus",
      "where": "Typical mechanical properties table, row H1050, column Yield strength, printed as min. 1138 MPa",
      "source_detail": {
        "title": "PH 13-8 Mo | 1.4534 technical data, Bibus Metals (supplier datasheet)",
        "id": "EN 1.4534, UNS S13800, AMS 5629",
        "url": "https://sd-metals.bibus.com/de-en/materials/itm/PH-13-8-Mo-1-4534/",
        "kind": "datasheet",
        "license": "Supplier technical data page (cited, not reproduced)"
      }
    },
    {
      "benchmark": "ultimate_tensile_strength",
      "label": "Tensile strength, H 950, typical longitudinal (HiTemp Metals datasheet)",
      "value": 1551,
      "bound": "exact",
      "unit": "MPa",
      "scope": "material",
      "conditions": {
        "condition": "H 950",
        "form": "typical longitudinal, center or intermediate location",
        "temperature": "room temperature",
        "basis": "typical"
      },
      "method": "Typical value printed in a supplier datasheet",
      "status": "ground",
      "source": "hightempmetals",
      "where": "Typical Longitudinal Room-Temperature Mechanical Properties table, row H 950, column UTS (ksi / MPa), printed as 225 / 1551",
      "source_detail": {
        "title": "PH 13-8 Mo technical data, HiTemp Metals (supplier datasheet)",
        "url": "https://www.hightempmetals.com/techdata/hitemp13-8MOdata.php",
        "kind": "datasheet",
        "license": "Supplier technical data page (cited, not reproduced)"
      }
    },
    {
      "benchmark": "ultimate_tensile_strength",
      "label": "Tensile strength, H 950, minimum (Bibus datasheet)",
      "value": 1517,
      "bound": "exact",
      "unit": "MPa",
      "scope": "material",
      "conditions": {
        "condition": "H950",
        "basis": "minimum, room temperature"
      },
      "method": "Minimum value printed under the heading Typical mechanical properties (room temperature)",
      "status": "ground",
      "source": "bibus",
      "where": "Typical mechanical properties table, row H950, column Tensile strength, printed as min. 1517 MPa",
      "source_detail": {
        "title": "PH 13-8 Mo | 1.4534 technical data, Bibus Metals (supplier datasheet)",
        "id": "EN 1.4534, UNS S13800, AMS 5629",
        "url": "https://sd-metals.bibus.com/de-en/materials/itm/PH-13-8-Mo-1-4534/",
        "kind": "datasheet",
        "license": "Supplier technical data page (cited, not reproduced)"
      }
    },
    {
      "benchmark": "ultimate_tensile_strength",
      "label": "Tensile strength, H 1000, typical longitudinal (HiTemp Metals datasheet)",
      "value": 1482,
      "bound": "exact",
      "unit": "MPa",
      "scope": "material",
      "conditions": {
        "condition": "H 1000",
        "form": "typical longitudinal, center or intermediate location",
        "temperature": "room temperature",
        "basis": "typical"
      },
      "method": "Typical value printed in a supplier datasheet",
      "status": "ground",
      "source": "hightempmetals",
      "where": "Typical Longitudinal Room-Temperature Mechanical Properties table, row H 1000, column UTS (ksi / MPa), printed as 215 / 1482",
      "source_detail": {
        "title": "PH 13-8 Mo technical data, HiTemp Metals (supplier datasheet)",
        "url": "https://www.hightempmetals.com/techdata/hitemp13-8MOdata.php",
        "kind": "datasheet",
        "license": "Supplier technical data page (cited, not reproduced)"
      }
    },
    {
      "benchmark": "ultimate_tensile_strength",
      "label": "Tensile strength, H 1000, minimum (Bibus datasheet)",
      "value": 1413,
      "bound": "exact",
      "unit": "MPa",
      "scope": "material",
      "conditions": {
        "condition": "H1000",
        "basis": "minimum, room temperature"
      },
      "method": "Minimum value printed under the heading Typical mechanical properties (room temperature)",
      "status": "ground",
      "source": "bibus",
      "where": "Typical mechanical properties table, row H1000, column Tensile strength, printed as min. 1413 MPa",
      "source_detail": {
        "title": "PH 13-8 Mo | 1.4534 technical data, Bibus Metals (supplier datasheet)",
        "id": "EN 1.4534, UNS S13800, AMS 5629",
        "url": "https://sd-metals.bibus.com/de-en/materials/itm/PH-13-8-Mo-1-4534/",
        "kind": "datasheet",
        "license": "Supplier technical data page (cited, not reproduced)"
      }
    },
    {
      "benchmark": "ultimate_tensile_strength",
      "label": "Tensile strength, H 1050, minimum (Bibus datasheet)",
      "value": 1207,
      "bound": "exact",
      "unit": "MPa",
      "scope": "material",
      "conditions": {
        "condition": "H1050",
        "basis": "minimum, room temperature"
      },
      "method": "Minimum value printed under the heading Typical mechanical properties (room temperature)",
      "status": "ground",
      "source": "bibus",
      "where": "Typical mechanical properties table, row H1050, column Tensile strength, printed as min. 1207 MPa",
      "source_detail": {
        "title": "PH 13-8 Mo | 1.4534 technical data, Bibus Metals (supplier datasheet)",
        "id": "EN 1.4534, UNS S13800, AMS 5629",
        "url": "https://sd-metals.bibus.com/de-en/materials/itm/PH-13-8-Mo-1-4534/",
        "kind": "datasheet",
        "license": "Supplier technical data page (cited, not reproduced)"
      }
    },
    {
      "benchmark": "elongation",
      "label": "Elongation in 2 in., H 1000, typical longitudinal (HiTemp Metals datasheet)",
      "value": 13,
      "bound": "exact",
      "unit": "%",
      "scope": "material",
      "conditions": {
        "condition": "H 1000",
        "gauge_length": "2 in.",
        "form": "typical longitudinal",
        "basis": "typical"
      },
      "method": "Typical value printed in a supplier datasheet",
      "status": "ground",
      "source": "hightempmetals",
      "where": "Typical Longitudinal Room-Temperature Mechanical Properties table, row H 1000, column Elong. in 2\" (%)",
      "source_detail": {
        "title": "PH 13-8 Mo technical data, HiTemp Metals (supplier datasheet)",
        "url": "https://www.hightempmetals.com/techdata/hitemp13-8MOdata.php",
        "kind": "datasheet",
        "license": "Supplier technical data page (cited, not reproduced)"
      }
    },
    {
      "benchmark": "elongation",
      "label": "Elongation, H 1000, minimum (Bibus datasheet)",
      "value": 10,
      "bound": "exact",
      "unit": "%",
      "scope": "material",
      "conditions": {
        "condition": "H1000",
        "basis": "minimum, room temperature"
      },
      "method": "Minimum value printed under the heading Typical mechanical properties (room temperature)",
      "status": "ground",
      "source": "bibus",
      "where": "Typical mechanical properties table, row H1000, column Elongation, printed as min. 10 %",
      "source_detail": {
        "title": "PH 13-8 Mo | 1.4534 technical data, Bibus Metals (supplier datasheet)",
        "id": "EN 1.4534, UNS S13800, AMS 5629",
        "url": "https://sd-metals.bibus.com/de-en/materials/itm/PH-13-8-Mo-1-4534/",
        "kind": "datasheet",
        "license": "Supplier technical data page (cited, not reproduced)"
      }
    },
    {
      "benchmark": "hardness_rockwell_c",
      "label": "Hardness, Rockwell C, H 1000, typical longitudinal (HiTemp Metals datasheet)",
      "value": 45,
      "bound": "exact",
      "unit": "HRC",
      "scope": "material",
      "conditions": {
        "condition": "H 1000",
        "form": "typical longitudinal",
        "basis": "typical"
      },
      "method": "Typical value printed in a supplier datasheet; benchmark name is not in the canonical list (see gaps)",
      "status": "ground",
      "source": "hightempmetals",
      "where": "Typical Longitudinal Room-Temperature Mechanical Properties table, row H 1000, column Rockwell C",
      "source_detail": {
        "title": "PH 13-8 Mo technical data, HiTemp Metals (supplier datasheet)",
        "url": "https://www.hightempmetals.com/techdata/hitemp13-8MOdata.php",
        "kind": "datasheet",
        "license": "Supplier technical data page (cited, not reproduced)"
      }
    },
    {
      "benchmark": "charpy_impact_energy",
      "label": "Charpy V-notch impact energy, H 1000, typical longitudinal (HiTemp Metals datasheet)",
      "value": 41,
      "bound": "exact",
      "unit": "J",
      "scope": "material",
      "conditions": {
        "condition": "H 1000",
        "form": "typical longitudinal",
        "basis": "typical",
        "test": "Charpy V-notch",
        "unit_in_source": "ft-lb / J"
      },
      "method": "Typical value printed in a supplier datasheet; benchmark name is not in the canonical list (see gaps)",
      "status": "ground",
      "source": "hightempmetals",
      "where": "Typical Longitudinal Room-Temperature Mechanical Properties table, row H 1000, column Charpy V-Notch (ft-lb / J), printed as 30 / 41",
      "source_detail": {
        "title": "PH 13-8 Mo technical data, HiTemp Metals (supplier datasheet)",
        "url": "https://www.hightempmetals.com/techdata/hitemp13-8MOdata.php",
        "kind": "datasheet",
        "license": "Supplier technical data page (cited, not reproduced)"
      }
    },
    {
      "benchmark": "charpy_impact_energy",
      "label": "Charpy V-notch impact energy, H 950, typical longitudinal (HiTemp Metals datasheet)",
      "value": 27,
      "bound": "exact",
      "unit": "J",
      "scope": "material",
      "conditions": {
        "condition": "H 950",
        "form": "typical longitudinal",
        "basis": "typical",
        "test": "Charpy V-notch",
        "unit_in_source": "ft-lb / J"
      },
      "method": "Typical value printed in a supplier datasheet; benchmark name is not in the canonical list (see gaps)",
      "status": "ground",
      "source": "hightempmetals",
      "where": "Typical Longitudinal Room-Temperature Mechanical Properties table, row H 950, column Charpy V-Notch (ft-lb / J), printed as 20 / 27",
      "source_detail": {
        "title": "PH 13-8 Mo technical data, HiTemp Metals (supplier datasheet)",
        "url": "https://www.hightempmetals.com/techdata/hitemp13-8MOdata.php",
        "kind": "datasheet",
        "license": "Supplier technical data page (cited, not reproduced)"
      }
    }
  ],
  "corrosion": [
    {
      "environment": "Marine atmosphere, strip tested at the Kure Beach site",
      "headline": "The datasheet reports a high level of resistance to stress-corrosion cracking in marine tests.",
      "effect": "Quoted from the datasheet: 'Numerous tests representing a marine environment have shown the alloy to have a high level of resistance to stress-corrosion cracking.' The datasheet's table of results is titled 'Typical Stress-Corrosion-Cracking Resistance in an Atmospheric Marine Environment'. Its individual values were not transcribed, because the extracted table text was not reliable.",
      "rating": "low",
      "conditions": {
        "specimen": "strip",
        "site": "80-ft lot, Kure Beach (as printed)",
        "basis": "qualitative statement and table title"
      },
      "source": "hightempmetals",
      "where": "Corrosion Resistance section and the Stress-Corrosion-Cracking Table title"
    },
    {
      "environment": "Salt fog, 5 weight percent",
      "headline": "In condition H 950, rusting resistance is said to be similar to Type 304 in salt fog.",
      "effect": "Quoted: 'rusting resistance similar to that of Type 304 Stainless in 5 weight percent salt fog', for condition H 950.",
      "rating": "low",
      "conditions": {
        "condition": "H 950",
        "test": "5 weight percent salt fog"
      },
      "source": "hightempmetals",
      "where": "Corrosion Resistance section, first bullet"
    },
    {
      "environment": "Strongly oxidizing and reducing acids, and atmospheric exposure",
      "headline": "General corrosion resistance approaches Type 304, and is greatest in the fully hardened condition.",
      "effect": "Quoted: 'the general-corrosion resistance of PH 13-8 Mo stainless approaches that of Type 304' under strongly oxidizing and reducing acids and atmospheric exposures. The same section says the alloy's general-corrosion resistance is 'greatest in the fully hardened condition'.",
      "rating": "low",
      "conditions": {
        "exposure": "strongly oxidizing and reducing acids and atmospheric exposures"
      },
      "source": "hightempmetals",
      "where": "Corrosion Resistance section, general-corrosion bullets"
    },
    {
      "environment": "Air, passive film of chromium oxide",
      "headline": "Stainless steels in general resist corrosion through a chromium oxide film; the rule is not specific to this grade.",
      "effect": "Wikipedia says stainless steel's resistance to corrosion comes from its chromium content of 10.5% or more, which forms a passive film of chromium oxide that blocks oxygen from reaching the steel. The article is a general account of stainless steels and does not give a value for this grade.",
      "rating": "low",
      "conditions": {
        "basis": "general account of stainless steels"
      },
      "source": "wikipedia-stainless",
      "where": "Opening section of the Stainless steel article"
    },
    {
      "environment": "Surfaces with scale or foreign particles",
      "headline": "Scale and foreign particles reduce corrosion resistance, so finished parts should be passivated.",
      "effect": "Quoted: 'For optimum corrosion resistance, surfaces must be free of scale and foreign particles and finished parts should be passivated.' The datasheet gives no rate for an unclean surface.",
      "rating": "unknown",
      "conditions": {
        "basis": "qualitative statement"
      },
      "source": "hightempmetals",
      "where": "Corrosion Resistance section, last bullet"
    }
  ],
  "risks": {
    "hazards": [
      {
        "text": "PubChem's record for nickel (CID 935) gives the GHS hazard statements H317 (may cause an allergic skin reaction), H351 (suspected of causing cancer), H372 (causes damage to organs through prolonged or repeated exposure) and H412 (harmful to aquatic life with long lasting effects) in its first notifier entries, with the signal word Danger and the pictograms GHS07 and GHS08. These codes are for nickel as an element, because no safety data sheet for PH 13-8 Mo was read.",
        "ghs": [
          "H317",
          "H351",
          "H372",
          "H412"
        ],
        "source": "pubchem-nickel",
        "where": "GHS Classification section, first notifier entries (signal word, pictograms and hazard statements)"
      }
    ],
    "failure_risks": [
      {
        "mode": "Stress-corrosion cracking of under-aged parts",
        "trigger": "Ageing below 1000°F (538°C), which the datasheet says is the minimum for best resistance to stress-corrosion cracking",
        "consequence": "The datasheet suggests a minimum ageing temperature of 1000°F (538°C) for best resistance to stress-corrosion cracking. It gives no failure rate for under-aged parts.",
        "severity": "moderate",
        "source": "hightempmetals",
        "where": "Corrosion Resistance section, aging recommendation"
      },
      {
        "mode": "Lower impact toughness in the H 950 condition",
        "trigger": "Choosing condition H 950 over H 1000 where impact energy matters",
        "consequence": "Typical Charpy V-notch energy is 27 J in condition H 950 against 41 J in condition H 1000 (datasheet). Yield strength in H 950 is also higher, so the choice is a trade-off.",
        "severity": "low",
        "source": "hightempmetals",
        "where": "Typical Longitudinal Room-Temperature Mechanical Properties table, rows H 950 and H 1000"
      },
      {
        "mode": "Welded joints in marine service",
        "trigger": "Welding without a suitable filler or aged condition",
        "consequence": "The datasheet suggests a standard austenitic filler such as E/ER308L where high weld strength is not needed. It does not report weld performance in marine tests in the text it gives.",
        "severity": "low",
        "source": "hightempmetals",
        "where": "Applications and Uses text, welding filler paragraph"
      }
    ],
    "side_effects": [
      {
        "text": "The datasheet prints magnetic permeability for condition H 950 of 52 at 10.5 Oe, rising to 127 at 54.7 Oe, so the alloy is magnetic in this condition.",
        "affects": "Use near magnetometers or other magnetic sensors",
        "source": "hightempmetals",
        "where": "Other Printed Values section, magnetic permeability"
      }
    ],
    "handling": [
      {
        "text": "Passivate finished parts and keep their surfaces free of scale and foreign particles (datasheet).",
        "source": "hightempmetals",
        "where": "Corrosion Resistance section, last bullet"
      },
      {
        "text": "Age at a minimum of 1000°F (538°C) for the best stress-corrosion resistance (datasheet).",
        "source": "hightempmetals",
        "where": "Corrosion Resistance section, aging recommendation"
      },
      {
        "text": "Where high weld strength is not needed, use a standard austenitic filler such as E/ER308L (datasheet).",
        "source": "hightempmetals",
        "where": "Applications and Uses text, welding filler paragraph"
      }
    ],
    "mitigations": []
  },
  "uses": [
    {
      "application": "mechanisms",
      "device": "Valve parts, fittings and shafts",
      "example": "The datasheet says the alloy has been used for valve parts, fittings, cold-headed and machined fasteners, and shafts.",
      "source": "hightempmetals",
      "where": "Applications and Uses text"
    },
    {
      "application": "structures",
      "device": "Aircraft components, nuclear reactor components and petrochemical parts",
      "example": "The datasheet lists aircraft components, nuclear reactor components and petrochemical applications, and says the alloy should be considered where high strength, toughness and corrosion resistance are needed.",
      "source": "hightempmetals",
      "where": "Applications and Uses text"
    }
  ],
  "supply": [
    {
      "subject": "Nickel (mine production)",
      "producers": [
        {
          "country": "Indonesia",
          "share_percent": 66.7,
          "year": 2025
        },
        {
          "country": "Philippines",
          "share_percent": 6.9,
          "year": 2025
        },
        {
          "country": "Russia",
          "share_percent": 5.1,
          "year": 2025
        },
        {
          "country": "Canada",
          "share_percent": 3.6,
          "year": 2025
        },
        {
          "country": "New Caledonia",
          "share_percent": 3.6,
          "year": 2025
        }
      ],
      "critical_lists": [],
      "recycling": "USGS: most secondary nickel was in the form of nickel content of stainless-steel scrap, and nickel recovered from scrap accounted for approximately 60% of apparent consumption in 2025.",
      "substitutes": [
        "USGS: low-nickel, duplex, or ultrahigh-chromium stainless steels have been substituted for austenitic grades in construction."
      ],
      "source": "usgs-nickel-2026",
      "where": "World Mine Production and Reserves table, 2025e world total 3,900,000 (metric tons, nickel content); country shares calculated by Space Mushroom from the printed 2025e values; Recycling; Substitutes; Domestic Production and Use (stainless and alloy steel typically more than 85% of domestic consumption)."
    },
    {
      "subject": "Chromium (mine production, chromite ore)",
      "producers": [
        {
          "country": "South Africa",
          "share_percent": 45.1,
          "year": 2025
        },
        {
          "country": "Turkey",
          "share_percent": 17.6,
          "year": 2025
        },
        {
          "country": "Kazakhstan",
          "share_percent": 13.7,
          "year": 2025
        },
        {
          "country": "India",
          "share_percent": 5.9,
          "year": 2025
        },
        {
          "country": "Zimbabwe",
          "share_percent": 3.9,
          "year": 2025
        }
      ],
      "critical_lists": [],
      "substitutes": [],
      "source": "usgs-chromium-2026",
      "where": "World Mine Production and Reserves table, 2025e world total 51,000 (gross weight, metric tons); shares calculated by Space Mushroom from South Africa 23,000, Turkey 9,000, Kazakhstan 7,000, India 3,000 and Zimbabwe 2,000. The text read here prints no critical-mineral list entry."
    },
    {
      "subject": "Molybdenum (mine production)",
      "producers": [
        {
          "country": "China",
          "share_percent": 37.3,
          "year": 2025
        },
        {
          "country": "Chile",
          "share_percent": 16.2,
          "year": 2025
        },
        {
          "country": "United States",
          "share_percent": 15.4,
          "year": 2025
        },
        {
          "country": "Peru",
          "share_percent": 15,
          "year": 2025
        },
        {
          "country": "Mexico",
          "share_percent": 6.5,
          "year": 2025
        }
      ],
      "critical_lists": [],
      "substitutes": [],
      "source": "usgs-molybdenum-2026",
      "where": "World Mine Production and Reserves table, 2025e world total 260,000 (metric tons); shares calculated by Space Mushroom from the printed 2025e values. Events text: 'China, Chile, the United States, Peru, and Mexico, in descending order of production, accounting for 90% of total global production'."
    }
  ],
  "media": [],
  "documents": [
    {
      "title": "PH 13-8 Mo technical data, HiTemp Metals",
      "type": "datasheet",
      "url": "https://www.hightempmetals.com/techdata/hitemp13-8MOdata.php"
    },
    {
      "title": "PH 13-8 Mo | 1.4534 technical data, Bibus Metals",
      "type": "datasheet",
      "url": "https://sd-metals.bibus.com/de-en/materials/itm/PH-13-8-Mo-1-4534/"
    },
    {
      "title": "USGS Mineral Commodity Summaries 2026: Nickel",
      "type": "report",
      "url": "https://pubs.usgs.gov/periodicals/mcs2026/mcs2026-nickel.pdf",
      "year": 2026
    },
    {
      "title": "USGS Mineral Commodity Summaries 2026: Chromium",
      "type": "report",
      "url": "https://pubs.usgs.gov/periodicals/mcs2026/mcs2026-chromium.pdf",
      "year": 2026
    },
    {
      "title": "USGS Mineral Commodity Summaries 2026: Molybdenum",
      "type": "report",
      "url": "https://pubs.usgs.gov/periodicals/mcs2026/mcs2026-molybdenum.pdf",
      "year": 2026
    },
    {
      "title": "PubChem compound record: Nickel (CID 935), GHS classification",
      "type": "database",
      "url": "https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/Nickel"
    },
    {
      "title": "Wikipedia: Stainless steel",
      "type": "database",
      "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stainless_steel"
    },
    {
      "title": "Wikipedia: Precipitation hardening",
      "type": "database",
      "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Precipitation_hardening"
    }
  ],
  "gaps": [
    "No EN steel name (the X5CrNiMo-style name) is printed on the Bibus page or the HiTemp Metals page, so no EN name is recorded; the EN number 1.4534 is recorded from the Bibus header.",
    "Modulus of elasticity and modulus of rigidity are printed only in exponent form (28.3 x 10³ ksi and 195 x 10³ MPa on the HiTemp Metals page), so they are left out.",
    "Specific heat, a melting range and fracture toughness are not printed on either datasheet that was read.",
    "The two datasheets differ on the coefficient of thermal expansion: 13 μm/m - °C at 20 to 100 °C (Bibus) and 10.8 10⁻⁶/K at 21 to 204 °C in condition H 1000 (HiTemp Metals). Both are recorded; neither is treated as the corrected value.",
    "The two datasheets differ on the composition maxima for manganese (0.20 Bibus, 0.10 HiTemp Metals) and nitrogen (0.10 Bibus, 0.01 HiTemp Metals). Both are recorded in identity.where.",
    "Typical values (HiTemp Metals, longitudinal) and minimum values (Bibus) are on different bases. Both are recorded, side by side, under their own conditions.",
    "The HiTemp Metals stress-corrosion table could not be transcribed reliably from the extracted text, so its individual results (applied stresses and days to failure) are not recorded; only the qualitative statements and the aging minimum are.",
    "The datasheet's stress-corrosion note gives a solution-treatment step of 1700°F for 15 minutes for the H 950 rows; a full heat-treatment cycle was not opened, so only the aging minimum is recorded.",
    "Hardness and impact energy use benchmark names not in the canonical list (hardness_rockwell_c and charpy_impact_energy); the values are recorded under those names.",
    "No safety data sheet for PH 13-8 Mo was found or read. The hazard codes recorded are PubChem's codes for nickel as an element, not for this alloy.",
    "The chromium and molybdenum USGS texts read here print no critical-mineral list entry, so critical_lists is left empty for them. The nickel text also prints none.",
    "No atomic weights are recorded for the recipe parts; the composition is recorded as printed limits.",
    "No flight data, outgassing, atomic-oxygen or radiation results for this alloy were found in the sources read.",
    "The AMS 5629 specification text itself was not opened; the AMS number is recorded from the Bibus header only.",
    "Launch-vehicle hardware use, named in the project's plan entry, is not printed on either datasheet read, so it is not recorded as a use.",
    "Strength at elevated temperature, and the effect of cold work, were not found in the sources read."
  ],
  "story": {
    "why": "Precipitation hardening, also called age hardening, is a heat treatment that raises the yield strength of malleable materials (Wikipedia). PH 13-8 Mo is a precipitation-hardening stainless steel, chosen where a stainless part needs high strength and toughness together. The Bibus datasheet gives a minimum yield strength of 1413 MPa in condition H950 and a minimum tensile strength of 1517 MPa. The HiTemp Metals datasheet gives a typical yield strength of 1449 MPa for the same condition. Its aerospace and valve uses rest on the combination: a Charpy V-notch energy of 27 J in H 950 and 41 J in H 1000.",
    "uses": [
      {
        "where": "Valve parts, fittings and shafts",
        "line": "The HiTemp Metals datasheet says the alloy has been used for valve parts, fittings, cold-headed and machined fasteners, and shafts."
      },
      {
        "where": "Aircraft and reactor parts",
        "line": "The same datasheet lists aircraft components, nuclear reactor components and petrochemical applications."
      }
    ],
    "can_do": [
      {
        "label": "Carry load",
        "line": "The typical yield strength is 1449 MPa in condition H 950 (HiTemp Metals). The Bibus minimum for the same condition is 1413 MPa.",
        "benchmark": "yield_strength",
        "scope": "material",
        "value": "1449 MPa yield (H 950, typical)"
      },
      {
        "label": "Resist impact",
        "line": "Charpy V-notch energy is 41 J in condition H 1000 and 27 J in condition H 950 (HiTemp Metals, typical longitudinal values).",
        "benchmark": "charpy_impact_energy",
        "scope": "material",
        "value": "41 J Charpy (H 1000, typical)"
      },
      {
        "label": "Carry heat",
        "line": "Thermal conductivity is 14.0 W/m-K at 100 °C in condition A (HiTemp Metals), and 12.8 W/m - °C at 20 °C (Bibus). The two sources test at different temperatures.",
        "benchmark": "thermal_conductivity",
        "scope": "material",
        "value": "14.0 W/m-K at 100 °C"
      },
      {
        "label": "Weight",
        "line": "Density is 7.76 g/cm3 in the Bibus datasheet, with no condition printed.",
        "benchmark": "density",
        "scope": "material",
        "value": "7.76 g/cm3"
      },
      {
        "label": "Melting",
        "line": "The Bibus datasheet gives a single melting point of 1404 °C, with no range.",
        "benchmark": "melting_point",
        "scope": "material",
        "value": "1404 °C"
      },
      {
        "label": "Marine stress-corrosion",
        "line": "The HiTemp Metals datasheet reports a high level of resistance to stress-corrosion cracking in marine tests, without a numeric threshold.",
        "scope": "material",
        "value": "high resistance, qualitative"
      }
    ],
    "compare": "Against Type 304 stainless steel, the HiTemp Metals datasheet says PH 13-8 Mo's general-corrosion resistance approaches that of Type 304, and that its rusting resistance in 5 weight percent salt fog is similar to Type 304 in condition H 950. The reason to choose PH 13-8 Mo is strength: its typical yield strength is 1449 MPa in H 950, against the Bibus minimum of 1413 MPa for the same condition. The two datasheets use different bases, so read the table rows as examples, not a ranking.",
    "compare_rows": [
      {
        "label": "Yield strength",
        "benchmark": "yield_strength",
        "scope": "material"
      },
      {
        "label": "Thermal conductivity",
        "benchmark": "thermal_conductivity",
        "scope": "material"
      },
      {
        "label": "Density",
        "benchmark": "density",
        "scope": "material"
      }
    ],
    "handling": [
      "Passivate finished parts and keep their surfaces free of scale and foreign particles (HiTemp Metals datasheet).",
      "Age at a minimum of 1000°F (538°C) for the best stress-corrosion resistance (HiTemp Metals datasheet).",
      "Where high weld strength is not needed, use a standard austenitic filler such as E/ER308L (HiTemp Metals datasheet)."
    ],
    "good_for": [
      "Strong stainless parts in marine or humid air: the datasheet reports a high level of resistance to stress-corrosion cracking in marine tests.",
      "Fasteners and valve parts in conditions H 950 to H 1050, the uses the datasheet lists.",
      "Tough high-strength parts: 41 J Charpy V-notch energy in condition H 1000."
    ],
    "watch_out": [
      "Strength depends on condition: the Bibus minimum yield strength falls from 1413 MPa at H950 to 1138 MPa at H1050.",
      "Under-aged parts are at risk of stress-corrosion cracking, since the datasheet suggests a minimum ageing temperature of 1000°F (538°C).",
      "The two datasheets disagree on thermal expansion: 13 μm/m - °C at 20 to 100 °C (Bibus) against 10.8 at 21 to 204 °C in H 1000 (HiTemp Metals).",
      "No flight, outgassing, atomic-oxygen or radiation data for this alloy were found in any source read."
    ],
    "verdict": "PH 13-8 Mo is a precipitation-hardening stainless steel with a typical yield strength of 1449 MPa in condition H 950 (HiTemp Metals) and a Bibus minimum of 1413 MPa. Its toughness rises as the condition moves from H 950 to H 1000, while yield strength falls slightly. Its stress-corrosion resistance in marine tests is described qualitatively as high. This profile has no space-environment data for the alloy, and no stress-corrosion table values, because that table could not be transcribed reliably.",
    "recipe": {
      "line": "PH 13-8 Mo is an iron-based precipitation-hardening stainless steel. Chromium, nickel, molybdenum and aluminium are the main alloying elements, and carbon, manganese, silicon, nitrogen and phosphorus are kept low. Precipitation hardening is a heat treatment that raises strength by forming fine particles in the metal (Wikipedia). The Bibus limits are in the identity block.",
      "parts": [
        {
          "name": "Iron",
          "symbol": "Fe",
          "role": "The matrix that the other elements are added to.",
          "share_note": "balance (Bibus prints Rest)"
        },
        {
          "name": "Chromium",
          "symbol": "Cr",
          "role": "Gives the stainless corrosion resistance; Wikipedia says 10.5% or more forms the passive film.",
          "share_percent": 12.25,
          "share_high": 13.25
        },
        {
          "name": "Nickel",
          "symbol": "Ni",
          "role": "Alloying element printed in the composition table; its role in this grade is not described in the sources read.",
          "share_percent": 7.5,
          "share_high": 8.5
        },
        {
          "name": "Molybdenum",
          "symbol": "Mo",
          "role": "Alloying element printed in the composition table; its role in this grade is not described in the sources read.",
          "share_percent": 2,
          "share_high": 2.5
        },
        {
          "name": "Aluminium",
          "symbol": "Al",
          "role": "Alloying element printed in the composition table; the datasheets do not say how it forms the hardening particles.",
          "share_percent": 0.9,
          "share_high": 1.35
        }
      ]
    },
    "risk_groups": [
      {
        "title": "For people",
        "lead": "No safety data sheet for this alloy was read. The hazard codes in PubChem are for nickel as an element.",
        "points": [
          {
            "label": "The alloy",
            "line": "The PubChem nickel record gives H317 (may cause an allergic skin reaction), H351 (suspected of causing cancer) and H372 (damage to organs with repeated exposure), with the signal word Danger."
          },
          {
            "label": "Welding and surfaces",
            "line": "The datasheet suggests E/ER308L filler where high weld strength is not needed, and asks that finished parts be passivated."
          }
        ],
        "level": 1,
        "verdict": "Nickel hazard codes only, not the alloy's own SDS"
      },
      {
        "title": "If it fails",
        "lead": "The failure routes in the sources are stress-corrosion cracking of under-aged parts and lower impact toughness in condition H 950.",
        "points": [
          {
            "label": "Under-aged parts",
            "line": "The datasheet suggests a minimum ageing temperature of 1000°F (538°C) for best resistance to stress-corrosion cracking. It gives no failure rate for under-aged parts."
          },
          {
            "label": "Toughness",
            "line": "Typical Charpy V-notch energy is 27 J in condition H 950 and 41 J in condition H 1000, so the higher-strength condition is the less tough one."
          }
        ]
      },
      {
        "title": "Handling and storage",
        "points": [
          {
            "label": "Surfaces",
            "line": "Keep surfaces free of scale and foreign particles, and passivate finished parts (HiTemp Metals datasheet)."
          },
          {
            "label": "Condition",
            "line": "Specify the condition (H 950, H 1000 or H 1050) on every order, because strength and toughness change with it."
          }
        ]
      }
    ]
  },
  "updated": "2026-11-01",
  "review": {
    "status": "draft",
    "method": "assistant",
    "checked_values": 22,
    "unreachable": 0,
    "caveats": 5,
    "note": "Values were read by an AI assistant on 2026-11-01 from the two supplier datasheets and the USGS 2026 summaries named in each entry. Caveats: the two datasheets give typical and minimum strengths on different bases; their thermal expansion values differ; the stress-corrosion table could not be transcribed reliably; the hazard codes are for nickel, not for the alloy; the Charpy and hardness benchmark names are not canonical."
  },
  "sources": {
    "hightempmetals": {
      "title": "PH 13-8 Mo technical data, HiTemp Metals (supplier datasheet)",
      "url": "https://www.hightempmetals.com/techdata/hitemp13-8MOdata.php",
      "kind": "datasheet",
      "license": "Supplier technical data page (cited, not reproduced)"
    },
    "bibus": {
      "title": "PH 13-8 Mo | 1.4534 technical data, Bibus Metals (supplier datasheet)",
      "id": "EN 1.4534, UNS S13800, AMS 5629",
      "url": "https://sd-metals.bibus.com/de-en/materials/itm/PH-13-8-Mo-1-4534/",
      "kind": "datasheet",
      "license": "Supplier technical data page (cited, not reproduced)"
    },
    "usgs-nickel-2026": {
      "title": "Mineral Commodity Summaries 2026: Nickel (USGS)",
      "url": "https://pubs.usgs.gov/periodicals/mcs2026/mcs2026-nickel.pdf",
      "year": 2026,
      "kind": "report",
      "license": "public domain (USGS)"
    },
    "usgs-chromium-2026": {
      "title": "Mineral Commodity Summaries 2026: Chromium (USGS)",
      "url": "https://pubs.usgs.gov/periodicals/mcs2026/mcs2026-chromium.pdf",
      "year": 2026,
      "kind": "report",
      "license": "public domain (USGS)"
    },
    "usgs-molybdenum-2026": {
      "title": "Mineral Commodity Summaries 2026: Molybdenum (USGS)",
      "url": "https://pubs.usgs.gov/periodicals/mcs2026/mcs2026-molybdenum.pdf",
      "year": 2026,
      "kind": "report",
      "license": "public domain (USGS)"
    },
    "pubchem-nickel": {
      "title": "PubChem compound record: Nickel, CID 935, including GHS classification",
      "id": "CID 935",
      "url": "https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/Nickel",
      "kind": "database",
      "license": "PubChem (NCBI), public domain; classification sections attributed to notifiers"
    },
    "wikipedia-stainless": {
      "title": "Stainless steel (Wikipedia)",
      "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stainless_steel",
      "kind": "web",
      "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0 (cited, not reproduced)"
    },
    "wikipedia-precipitation-hardening": {
      "title": "Precipitation hardening (Wikipedia)",
      "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Precipitation_hardening",
      "kind": "web",
      "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0 (cited, not reproduced)"
    }
  },
  "license": "CC-BY-4.0",
  "url": "https://spacemushroom.com/profiles/stainless-13-8mo/"
}