{
  "spore": "profile",
  "id": "polyketone",
  "spore_version": "0.2",
  "family": "polyolefins",
  "name": "Aliphatic polyketone (PK, POKETONE, AKROTEK PK)",
  "abbreviation": "PK",
  "role": "semi-crystalline engineering thermoplastic made from carbon monoxide and olefins; PEVA (ethylene-vinyl acetate) is covered briefly as the PV encapsulant polymer",
  "category": "polymers",
  "type": "polyolefins",
  "summary": "Aliphatic polyketone (PK) is a semi-crystalline thermoplastic made from carbon monoxide with ethylene and, in terpolymers, a little propylene. Hyosung sells it as POKETONE from a plant with a capacity of 50,000 tonnes per year in Ulsan, South Korea, and Akro-Plastic sells compounds as AKROTEK PK. The supplier safety data sheet for POKETONE M33AS1A gives a melting range above 220 degC, a flash point above 93 degC and no GHS classification. The maker and a 2017 Korean study report good resistance to hot water and glycol, but no UV test result was read. Ethylene-vinyl acetate (PEVA, 28 wt% vinyl acetate in the Vinmar EV0628 grade) melts at 75 degC by DSC and softens at 49 degC Vicat, and a PV study reports that extended UV exposure causes yellowing and loss of adhesion.\n",
  "best_for": "Injection-moulded and extruded ground parts that need wear resistance and resistance to hot water and weak chemicals (PK)",
  "weakest_at": "UV and heat ageing: no UV or heat-ageing number was read for PK, and the Akro-Plastic chemical table shows large yield-stress losses in hot acid and in dimethylformamide",
  "identity": {
    "formula": "Copolymer of carbon monoxide with ethylene and a minor amount of propylene (aliphatic polyketone). PEVA is ethylene-vinyl acetate, 28 wt% vinyl acetate in the Vinmar EV0628 grade.",
    "cas": "88995-51-1",
    "designations": [
      {
        "system": "Trade name",
        "code": "POKETONE",
        "source": "kdf-poketone-flyer",
        "where": "Title line, POKETONE The all-rounder"
      },
      {
        "system": "Trade name",
        "code": "M33AS1A-NP0",
        "source": "hyosung-msds-m33as1a",
        "where": "Section 1, Product name, M33AS1A-NP0 (Polyketone)"
      },
      {
        "system": "Trade name",
        "code": "AKROTEK",
        "note": "brand line; the page prints the trade mark as AKROTEK with PK as the product type",
        "source": "akrotek-page",
        "where": "Product table, grade column, AKROTEK PK (general)"
      },
      {
        "system": "Trade name",
        "code": "Carilon",
        "source": "pmc-pk-review",
        "where": "Section 1, Introduction, sentence on the Carilon terpolymer; production closed in 2000"
      },
      {
        "system": "Trade name",
        "code": "VINPOL EV0628",
        "source": "vinmar-ev0628",
        "where": "Title line, EV0628, ethylene vinyl acetate copolymer (PEVA grade)"
      }
    ],
    "source": "hyosung-msds-m33as1a",
    "where": "Section 3, Composition, row 1-Propene, polymer with carbon monoxide and ethene (97 %), with the CAS number as printed"
  },
  "tags": {
    "environments": [],
    "stresses": [
      "uv"
    ],
    "applications": [
      "structures",
      "mechanisms",
      "solar-arrays"
    ]
  },
  "properties": [
    {
      "benchmark": "melting_point",
      "label": "Melting range, POKETONE M33AS1A (supplier SDS)",
      "value": 220,
      "bound": "lower",
      "unit": "degC",
      "scope": "material",
      "conditions": {
        "grade": "POKETONE M33AS1A-NP0 pellet, as printed in the SDS",
        "note_on_bound": "printed as a range greater than 220 degC"
      },
      "method": "Melting range as printed in the supplier safety data sheet",
      "status": "ground",
      "source": "hyosung-msds-m33as1a",
      "where": "Section 9, Physical and chemical properties, row Melting range",
      "source_detail": {
        "title": "Hyosung Corporation, Material Safety Data Sheet, POKETONE M33AS1A-NP0 (Polyketone)",
        "id": "Issued 2014.04.07, revision 0",
        "url": "https://www.hyosungchemical.com/resources/front/files/pok_tds/M33AS1A_MSDS_E.pdf",
        "year": 2014,
        "kind": "datasheet",
        "license": "supplier SDS, cited"
      }
    },
    {
      "benchmark": "melting_point",
      "label": "Melting point, aliphatic polyketone (product page)",
      "value": 220,
      "bound": "exact",
      "unit": "degC",
      "scope": "material",
      "conditions": {
        "basis": "general statement for aliphatic polyketone, no grade or test method given"
      },
      "method": "Statement on the Akro-Plastic Akrotek PK page",
      "status": "ground",
      "source": "akrotek-page",
      "where": "Product description sentence, An aliphatic polyketone (PK) is a thermoplastic polymer with a melting point of 220 degC",
      "source_detail": {
        "title": "Akro-Plastic, Polyketon solves problems where others fail (AKROTEK PK)",
        "id": "Akro-Plastic product page",
        "url": "https://akro-plastic.com/en/compounds/akrotek-pk",
        "year": 2026,
        "kind": "web",
        "license": "supplier web page, cited"
      }
    },
    {
      "benchmark": "melting_point",
      "label": "Melting range, non-alternating polyketones from Pd5 and Pd6 catalysts (lab)",
      "value": 220,
      "value_high": 230,
      "bound": "range",
      "unit": "degC",
      "scope": "material",
      "conditions": {
        "basis": "laboratory copolymers from named palladium catalysts, not commercial grades",
        "printed_as": "220~230 degC"
      },
      "method": "Range printed in the review text",
      "status": "ground",
      "source": "pmc-pk-review",
      "where": "Section 4.1, Phosphine-Sulfonate Pd Catalysts, sentence on a melting temperature of 220 to 230 degC",
      "source_detail": {
        "title": "Recent Advances in Synthesis of Non-Alternating Polyketone Generated by Copolymerization of Carbon Monoxide and Ethylene",
        "id": "PMC10816092",
        "url": "https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC10816092/",
        "year": 2024,
        "kind": "paper",
        "license": "open access, cited"
      }
    },
    {
      "benchmark": "melting_point",
      "label": "Melting point across CO/ethylene feed ratios 1/1 to 1/20 (lab)",
      "value": 147,
      "value_high": 248,
      "bound": "range",
      "unit": "degC",
      "scope": "material",
      "conditions": {
        "basis": "laboratory polyketones from a Pd38 catalyst; melting temperature falls as the ethylene feed rises",
        "feed_ratio": "CO/ethylene 1/1 to 1/20"
      },
      "method": "Range printed in the review text, decreasing from 248 degC to 147 degC",
      "status": "ground",
      "source": "pmc-pk-review",
      "where": "Section 4.2, Diphosphazane Monoxide Pd/Ni Catalysts, sentence on decreasing Tm",
      "source_detail": {
        "title": "Recent Advances in Synthesis of Non-Alternating Polyketone Generated by Copolymerization of Carbon Monoxide and Ethylene",
        "id": "PMC10816092",
        "url": "https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC10816092/",
        "year": 2024,
        "kind": "paper",
        "license": "open access, cited"
      }
    },
    {
      "benchmark": "flash_point",
      "label": "Flash point, POKETONE M33AS1A",
      "value": 93,
      "bound": "lower",
      "unit": "degC",
      "scope": "material",
      "conditions": {
        "method_note": "rapid equilibrium method, as printed",
        "printed_as": "no flash occurred under 93 degC"
      },
      "method": "Printed in the supplier SDS, rapid equilibrium method",
      "status": "ground",
      "source": "hyosung-msds-m33as1a",
      "where": "Section 9, row Flash point",
      "source_detail": {
        "title": "Hyosung Corporation, Material Safety Data Sheet, POKETONE M33AS1A-NP0 (Polyketone)",
        "id": "Issued 2014.04.07, revision 0",
        "url": "https://www.hyosungchemical.com/resources/front/files/pok_tds/M33AS1A_MSDS_E.pdf",
        "year": 2014,
        "kind": "datasheet",
        "license": "supplier SDS, cited"
      }
    },
    {
      "benchmark": "autoignition_temperature",
      "label": "Autoignition temperature, POKETONE M33AS1A",
      "value": 250,
      "bound": "lower",
      "unit": "degC",
      "scope": "material",
      "conditions": {
        "printed_as": "no spontaneous combustion under 250 degC"
      },
      "method": "Printed in the supplier SDS",
      "status": "ground",
      "source": "hyosung-msds-m33as1a",
      "where": "Section 9, row Autoignition temperature",
      "source_detail": {
        "title": "Hyosung Corporation, Material Safety Data Sheet, POKETONE M33AS1A-NP0 (Polyketone)",
        "id": "Issued 2014.04.07, revision 0",
        "url": "https://www.hyosungchemical.com/resources/front/files/pok_tds/M33AS1A_MSDS_E.pdf",
        "year": 2014,
        "kind": "datasheet",
        "license": "supplier SDS, cited"
      }
    },
    {
      "benchmark": "burning_rate",
      "label": "Burning rate, POKETONE M33AS1A (UN test N1)",
      "value": 0.7,
      "bound": "upper",
      "unit": "mm/s",
      "scope": "material",
      "conditions": {
        "test": "UN TDG test and criteria, test N1, as printed"
      },
      "method": "Printed in the supplier SDS, flammability section",
      "status": "ground",
      "source": "hyosung-msds-m33as1a",
      "where": "Section 9, Flammability, row Burning rate",
      "source_detail": {
        "title": "Hyosung Corporation, Material Safety Data Sheet, POKETONE M33AS1A-NP0 (Polyketone)",
        "id": "Issued 2014.04.07, revision 0",
        "url": "https://www.hyosungchemical.com/resources/front/files/pok_tds/M33AS1A_MSDS_E.pdf",
        "year": 2014,
        "kind": "datasheet",
        "license": "supplier SDS, cited"
      }
    },
    {
      "benchmark": "melt_flow_rate",
      "label": "Melt flow index, POKETONE M33AS1A (modified, silicone)",
      "value": 49,
      "bound": "exact",
      "unit": "g/10 min",
      "scope": "material",
      "conditions": {
        "temperature_load": "240 degC / 2.16 kg as printed in the flyer header",
        "standard": "ASTM D1238, ISO 1133 as printed"
      },
      "method": "Melt-flow index column of the POKETONE portfolio table",
      "status": "ground",
      "source": "kdf-poketone-flyer",
      "where": "POKETONE Portfolio table, row M33AS1A, Melt-Flow-Index column",
      "source_detail": {
        "title": "POKETONE The all-rounder, polyketone flyer (Hyosung product, distributed by K.D. Feddersen)",
        "id": "undated product flyer",
        "url": "https://a.storyblok.com/f/170886/x/ab4b9ee626/flyer_hyosung_poketone_the-all-rounder.pdf",
        "kind": "datasheet",
        "license": "supplier flyer, cited"
      }
    },
    {
      "benchmark": "melt_flow_rate",
      "label": "Melt flow index, POKETONE M630F (unreinforced extrusion grade)",
      "value": 6,
      "bound": "exact",
      "unit": "g/10 min",
      "scope": "material",
      "conditions": {
        "temperature_load": "240 degC / 2.16 kg as printed in the flyer header",
        "standard": "ASTM D1238, ISO 1133 as printed"
      },
      "method": "Melt-flow index column of the POKETONE portfolio table",
      "status": "ground",
      "source": "kdf-poketone-flyer",
      "where": "POKETONE Portfolio table, row M630F, Melt-Flow-Index column",
      "source_detail": {
        "title": "POKETONE The all-rounder, polyketone flyer (Hyosung product, distributed by K.D. Feddersen)",
        "id": "undated product flyer",
        "url": "https://a.storyblok.com/f/170886/x/ab4b9ee626/flyer_hyosung_poketone_the-all-rounder.pdf",
        "kind": "datasheet",
        "license": "supplier flyer, cited"
      }
    },
    {
      "benchmark": "elongation",
      "label": "Elongation at yield, AKROTEK PK (general)",
      "value": 25,
      "bound": "exact",
      "unit": "%",
      "scope": "material",
      "conditions": {
        "basis": "elongation at yield, printed as almost 25 %",
        "grade": "AKROTEK PK, general statement, no grade given"
      },
      "method": "Printed on the Akro-Plastic product page",
      "status": "ground",
      "source": "akrotek-page",
      "where": "Product page value table, row Elongation at yield (almost 25 %)",
      "source_detail": {
        "title": "Akro-Plastic, Polyketon solves problems where others fail (AKROTEK PK)",
        "id": "Akro-Plastic product page",
        "url": "https://akro-plastic.com/en/compounds/akrotek-pk",
        "year": 2026,
        "kind": "web",
        "license": "supplier web page, cited"
      }
    },
    {
      "benchmark": "density",
      "label": "Density, PEVA 28 wt% VA (Vinmar EV0628)",
      "value": 0.948,
      "bound": "exact",
      "unit": "g/cm3",
      "scope": "material",
      "conditions": {
        "grade": "VINPOL EV0628, 28 wt% vinyl acetate"
      },
      "method": "ASTM D-1505 as printed",
      "status": "ground",
      "source": "vinmar-ev0628",
      "where": "Resin property table, row Density",
      "source_detail": {
        "title": "Vinmar Polymers America, VINPOL EV0628 ethylene vinyl acetate copolymer, resin property sheet",
        "id": "VINPOL EV0628, Rev. Date 7/28/2023",
        "url": "https://vpa.vinmar.com/wp-content/uploads/VINPOL-EV0628.pdf",
        "year": 2023,
        "kind": "datasheet",
        "license": "supplier datasheet, cited"
      }
    },
    {
      "benchmark": "melting_point",
      "label": "Peak melting point by DSC, PEVA 28 wt% VA (Vinmar EV0628)",
      "value": 75,
      "bound": "exact",
      "unit": "degC",
      "scope": "material",
      "conditions": {
        "grade": "VINPOL EV0628, 28 wt% vinyl acetate",
        "printed_as": "167 (75) degF (degC)"
      },
      "method": "ASTM D-3418 peak melting point by DSC as printed",
      "status": "ground",
      "source": "vinmar-ev0628",
      "where": "Resin property table, row Peak Melting Point via DSC",
      "source_detail": {
        "title": "Vinmar Polymers America, VINPOL EV0628 ethylene vinyl acetate copolymer, resin property sheet",
        "id": "VINPOL EV0628, Rev. Date 7/28/2023",
        "url": "https://vpa.vinmar.com/wp-content/uploads/VINPOL-EV0628.pdf",
        "year": 2023,
        "kind": "datasheet",
        "license": "supplier datasheet, cited"
      }
    },
    {
      "benchmark": "vicat_softening_temperature",
      "label": "Vicat softening temperature, PEVA 28 wt% VA (Vinmar EV0628)",
      "value": 49,
      "bound": "exact",
      "unit": "degC",
      "scope": "material",
      "conditions": {
        "grade": "VINPOL EV0628, 28 wt% vinyl acetate",
        "printed_as": "120 (49) degF (degC)"
      },
      "method": "ASTM D-1525 as printed",
      "status": "ground",
      "source": "vinmar-ev0628",
      "where": "Resin property table, row Vicat Softening Temperature",
      "source_detail": {
        "title": "Vinmar Polymers America, VINPOL EV0628 ethylene vinyl acetate copolymer, resin property sheet",
        "id": "VINPOL EV0628, Rev. Date 7/28/2023",
        "url": "https://vpa.vinmar.com/wp-content/uploads/VINPOL-EV0628.pdf",
        "year": 2023,
        "kind": "datasheet",
        "license": "supplier datasheet, cited"
      }
    },
    {
      "benchmark": "ultimate_tensile_strength",
      "label": "Tensile strength at break, PEVA 28 wt% VA (Type IV)",
      "value": 19,
      "bound": "exact",
      "unit": "MPa",
      "scope": "material",
      "conditions": {
        "grade": "VINPOL EV0628, 28 wt% vinyl acetate",
        "printed_as": "2,800 (19) psi (MPa)",
        "specimen": "Type IV"
      },
      "method": "ASTM D-638 as printed",
      "status": "ground",
      "source": "vinmar-ev0628",
      "where": "Resin property table, row Tensile Strength at Break, Type IV",
      "source_detail": {
        "title": "Vinmar Polymers America, VINPOL EV0628 ethylene vinyl acetate copolymer, resin property sheet",
        "id": "VINPOL EV0628, Rev. Date 7/28/2023",
        "url": "https://vpa.vinmar.com/wp-content/uploads/VINPOL-EV0628.pdf",
        "year": 2023,
        "kind": "datasheet",
        "license": "supplier datasheet, cited"
      }
    },
    {
      "benchmark": "elongation",
      "label": "Elongation at break, PEVA 28 wt% VA (Type IV)",
      "value": 1100,
      "bound": "exact",
      "unit": "%",
      "scope": "material",
      "conditions": {
        "grade": "VINPOL EV0628, 28 wt% vinyl acetate",
        "specimen": "Type IV"
      },
      "method": "ASTM D-638 as printed",
      "status": "ground",
      "source": "vinmar-ev0628",
      "where": "Resin property table, row Elongation at Break, Type IV",
      "source_detail": {
        "title": "Vinmar Polymers America, VINPOL EV0628 ethylene vinyl acetate copolymer, resin property sheet",
        "id": "VINPOL EV0628, Rev. Date 7/28/2023",
        "url": "https://vpa.vinmar.com/wp-content/uploads/VINPOL-EV0628.pdf",
        "year": 2023,
        "kind": "datasheet",
        "license": "supplier datasheet, cited"
      }
    },
    {
      "benchmark": "flexural_modulus",
      "label": "1 % secant flexural modulus, PEVA 28 wt% VA",
      "value": 24,
      "bound": "exact",
      "unit": "MPa",
      "scope": "material",
      "conditions": {
        "grade": "VINPOL EV0628, 28 wt% vinyl acetate",
        "printed_as": "3,500 (24) psi (MPa)"
      },
      "method": "ASTM D-790 as printed",
      "status": "ground",
      "source": "vinmar-ev0628",
      "where": "Resin property table, row 1% Secant Flexural Modulus",
      "source_detail": {
        "title": "Vinmar Polymers America, VINPOL EV0628 ethylene vinyl acetate copolymer, resin property sheet",
        "id": "VINPOL EV0628, Rev. Date 7/28/2023",
        "url": "https://vpa.vinmar.com/wp-content/uploads/VINPOL-EV0628.pdf",
        "year": 2023,
        "kind": "datasheet",
        "license": "supplier datasheet, cited"
      }
    },
    {
      "benchmark": "melt_flow_rate",
      "label": "Melt index, PEVA 28 wt% VA (Vinmar EV0628)",
      "value": 6,
      "bound": "exact",
      "unit": "g/10 min",
      "scope": "material",
      "conditions": {
        "temperature_load": "190 degC / 2.16 kg as printed",
        "grade": "VINPOL EV0628, 28 wt% vinyl acetate"
      },
      "method": "ASTM D-1238 as printed",
      "status": "ground",
      "source": "vinmar-ev0628",
      "where": "Resin property table, row Melt Index, 2.16 Kg at 190 degC",
      "source_detail": {
        "title": "Vinmar Polymers America, VINPOL EV0628 ethylene vinyl acetate copolymer, resin property sheet",
        "id": "VINPOL EV0628, Rev. Date 7/28/2023",
        "url": "https://vpa.vinmar.com/wp-content/uploads/VINPOL-EV0628.pdf",
        "year": 2023,
        "kind": "datasheet",
        "license": "supplier datasheet, cited"
      }
    },
    {
      "benchmark": "vinyl_acetate_content",
      "label": "Vinyl acetate content, PEVA grade EV0628",
      "value": 28,
      "bound": "exact",
      "unit": "wt%",
      "scope": "material",
      "conditions": {
        "method_note": "supplier method, as printed"
      },
      "method": "Printed in the resin property table, Vinyl Acetate Content",
      "status": "ground",
      "source": "vinmar-ev0628",
      "where": "Resin property table, row Vinyl Acetate Content",
      "source_detail": {
        "title": "Vinmar Polymers America, VINPOL EV0628 ethylene vinyl acetate copolymer, resin property sheet",
        "id": "VINPOL EV0628, Rev. Date 7/28/2023",
        "url": "https://vpa.vinmar.com/wp-content/uploads/VINPOL-EV0628.pdf",
        "year": 2023,
        "kind": "datasheet",
        "license": "supplier datasheet, cited"
      }
    },
    {
      "benchmark": "shore_a_hardness",
      "label": "Durometer hardness, PEVA grade EV0628",
      "value": 85,
      "bound": "exact",
      "unit": "Shore A",
      "scope": "material",
      "conditions": {
        "grade": "VINPOL EV0628, 28 wt% vinyl acetate"
      },
      "method": "ASTM D-2240 as printed",
      "status": "ground",
      "source": "vinmar-ev0628",
      "where": "Resin property table, row Durometer Hardness, Shore A",
      "source_detail": {
        "title": "Vinmar Polymers America, VINPOL EV0628 ethylene vinyl acetate copolymer, resin property sheet",
        "id": "VINPOL EV0628, Rev. Date 7/28/2023",
        "url": "https://vpa.vinmar.com/wp-content/uploads/VINPOL-EV0628.pdf",
        "year": 2023,
        "kind": "datasheet",
        "license": "supplier datasheet, cited"
      }
    }
  ],
  "corrosion": [
    {
      "environment": "Hot 40 % sulphuric acid (80 degC, 3 months)",
      "headline": "Hot concentrated sulphuric acid cuts yield stress by 72 % (table grade not named).",
      "effect": "The Akro-Plastic PK resistance table reports a change in yield stress of -72 % after 3 months at 80 degC in sulphuric acid 40 %, with the surface turned black. At 23 degC for 12 months the same acid gave no change in yield stress.",
      "rating": "severe",
      "conditions": {
        "basis": "table of subjective classifications following ISO 175 and related standards; the grade is not named in the table"
      },
      "source": "akro-pk-chemres",
      "where": "Chemical resistance table, rows Sulphuric acid (40 %) at 23 and 80 degC"
    },
    {
      "environment": "Dimethylformamide at 80 degC (6 months)",
      "headline": "Dimethylformamide swells PK and slowly dissolves it at 80 degC.",
      "effect": "The table reports a yield-stress change of -80 % after 6 months at 80 degC in dimethylformamide, with samples swelling and slowly dissolving. At 23 degC for 12 months the change was -10 %.",
      "rating": "severe",
      "conditions": {
        "basis": "same resistance table; grade not named"
      },
      "source": "akro-pk-chemres",
      "where": "Chemical resistance table, row Dimethyl formamide"
    },
    {
      "environment": "Humid air and hot glycol-water (moisture uptake)",
      "headline": "Polyketone barely absorbs water and keeps its strength in hot glycol-water.",
      "effect": "Hyosung says POKETONE is hydrolysis resistant and hardly absorbs water. A 2017 study of glass-fibre polyketone composites in monoethylene glycol and water at 120 degC found no change or only slight drops in tensile strength, modulus and strain at break. The Akro-Plastic page reports only a minimal strength loss in hydrolysis testing against a polyamide comparison grade. No water-absorption number was read.",
      "rating": "low",
      "conditions": {
        "basis": "maker statement, 2017 composite study (abstract), and supplier comparison; no moisture-uptake value was read"
      },
      "source": "kdf-poketone-flyer",
      "where": "Properties block, Hydrolytically stable entry"
    },
    {
      "environment": "Hot glycol-water, glass-fibre polyketone composites at 120 degC",
      "headline": "Glass-fibre PK held its mechanical properties in 120 degC glycol-water better than PA 66.",
      "effect": "The abstract says that increasing immersion time in the monoethylene glycol and water solution at 120 degC had no impact or slightly decreased tensile strength, tensile modulus and strain at break for POK composites, while PA 66 composites showed a significant drop. The abstract gives no numbers.",
      "rating": "low",
      "conditions": {
        "basis": "composites with 30 to 50 % glass fibre, immersion times not given in the abstract"
      },
      "source": "kim-kim-2017",
      "where": "Abstract, results on POK and PA66 composites"
    },
    {
      "environment": "UV exposure of PEVA encapsulant in PV modules",
      "headline": "Extended UV exposure makes EVA yellow and lose adhesion.",
      "effect": "The IIETA abstract says that an extended exposure to UV causes a loss of adhesion and a reduction of optical transmission (yellowing) in EVA encapsulant. Newer EVA formulations with antioxidants and UV absorbers were developed, but the abstract says optical degradation is still the main cause of performance loss in a module.",
      "rating": "moderate",
      "conditions": {
        "basis": "qualitative abstract statement for a standard EVA formulation in a glass/EVA/glass stack; no UV dose, duration or transmission value was read"
      },
      "source": "iieta-eva-pv",
      "where": "Abstract"
    },
    {
      "environment": "UV exposure of POKETONE (UV-stabilised and standard grades)",
      "headline": "No UV test result was read for PK.",
      "effect": "The Hyosung flyer lists UV-stabilised grades (M630F-UV and M63VX0A) but gives no UV or weathering result. The Akro-Plastic PK pages list no UV data. The UV rating is therefore unknown, not low.",
      "rating": "unknown",
      "conditions": {
        "basis": "no UV test result read; grade labels only"
      },
      "source": "kdf-poketone-flyer",
      "where": "POKETONE Portfolio table, UV-stabilised grades M630F-UV and M63VX0A"
    },
    {
      "environment": "Heat above the Vicat point (PEVA) and the melting range (PK)",
      "headline": "No heat-ageing data read; the datasheet values are softening and melting points, not ageing limits.",
      "effect": "PEVA softens at 49 degC Vicat and peaks at 75 degC by DSC for the Vinmar grade. Polyketone melts above 220 degC and gives no autoignition below 250 degC. None of these is an oven-ageing time or temperature series, so the heat-ageing rating is unknown.",
      "rating": "unknown",
      "conditions": {
        "basis": "softening and melting points only; no time at temperature was read"
      },
      "source": "vinmar-ev0628",
      "where": "Resin property table, rows Vicat Softening Temperature and Peak Melting Point"
    }
  ],
  "risks": {
    "hazards": [
      {
        "text": "Carbon monoxide (monomer, CID 281): PubChem aggregated GHS includes H220, H280, H331, H360 and H372. Shown for the gas as a raw material; the polymer is not classed in the SDS.",
        "ghs": [
          "H220",
          "H280",
          "H331",
          "H360",
          "H372"
        ],
        "source": "pubchem-co",
        "where": "GHS Classification, aggregated hazard statements, CID 281"
      },
      {
        "text": "Vinyl acetate (monomer, CID 7904): PubChem aggregated GHS includes H225, H315, H317, H319, H332, H335, H341 and H351 (with H350 listed in some reports). Shown for the liquid monomer used to make PEVA.",
        "ghs": [
          "H225",
          "H315",
          "H317",
          "H319",
          "H332",
          "H335",
          "H341",
          "H351"
        ],
        "source": "pubchem-vam",
        "where": "GHS Classification, aggregated hazard statements, CID 7904"
      },
      {
        "text": "POKETONE M33AS1A-NP0 pellet: supplier SDS gives GHS physical, health and environment hazards as not applicable, with NFPA ratings health 0, flammability 1, reactivity 0.",
        "ghs": [],
        "source": "hyosung-msds-m33as1a",
        "where": "Section 2, Hazards identification, and NFPA rating line"
      }
    ],
    "failure_risks": [
      {
        "mode": "Strength loss in hot strong acid or solvent",
        "trigger": "Immersion at 80 degC, for example 40 % sulphuric acid for 3 months or dimethylformamide for 6 months",
        "consequence": "Yield stress changes of -72 % (sulphuric acid, 40 %) and -80 % (dimethylformamide), with samples swelling and dissolving in DMF. The grade is not named in the table.",
        "severity": "high",
        "source": "akro-pk-chemres",
        "where": "Chemical resistance table, rows Sulphuric acid (40 %) and Dimethyl formamide"
      },
      {
        "mode": "UV degradation of polyketone",
        "trigger": "Sunlight or UV exposure in service",
        "consequence": "No UV test result was read for PK, so the effect size is unknown. UV-stabilised grades are sold, which suggests the base grade is not the choice for long UV exposure.",
        "severity": "moderate",
        "source": "kdf-poketone-flyer",
        "where": "POKETONE Portfolio table, UV-stabilised grades M630F-UV and M63VX0A"
      },
      {
        "mode": "Yellowing and loss of adhesion in PEVA encapsulant",
        "trigger": "Extended UV exposure of a glass/EVA/glass stack",
        "consequence": "Loss of adhesion and a reduction in optical transmission. The abstract gives no dose, duration or percentage.",
        "severity": "moderate",
        "source": "iieta-eva-pv",
        "where": "Abstract"
      },
      {
        "mode": "Softening of PEVA",
        "trigger": "Use above the Vicat softening point (49 degC) or near the DSC peak melting point (75 degC)",
        "consequence": "The datasheet values mark where the Vinmar EV0628 grade softens and melts. They are test values, not a service rating.",
        "severity": "moderate",
        "source": "vinmar-ev0628",
        "where": "Resin property table, rows Vicat Softening Temperature and Peak Melting Point"
      },
      {
        "mode": "Burning of the pellet",
        "trigger": "Ignition of pellets or dust",
        "consequence": "Burning rate below 0.7 mm/s (UN test N1). The SDS gives no spontaneous combustion below 250 degC and no flash below 93 degC.",
        "severity": "low",
        "source": "hyosung-msds-m33as1a",
        "where": "Section 9, Flammability and flash point rows"
      }
    ],
    "side_effects": [
      {
        "text": "Combustion gives carbon oxides, which the SDS lists as hazardous decomposition products. No other decomposition product is given, and the SDS says no data are available for specific fire hazards.",
        "affects": "Fire fighters and people in the enclosure",
        "source": "hyosung-msds-m33as1a",
        "where": "Section 5, Specific hazards, and Section 10, Hazardous decomposition products"
      }
    ],
    "handling": [
      {
        "text": "Avoid dust formation. Pick up spilled pellets without creating dust, and remove sources of ignition.",
        "source": "hyosung-msds-m33as1a",
        "where": "Sections 6 and 10, Conditions to avoid"
      },
      {
        "text": "Keep away from strong oxidising agents, which the SDS lists as materials to avoid.",
        "source": "hyosung-msds-m33as1a",
        "where": "Section 10, Materials to avoid"
      }
    ],
    "mitigations": [
      {
        "text": "UV-stabilised grades are listed (M630F-UV and M63VX0A). The flyer gives no UV test result, so test the chosen grade before outdoor use.",
        "source": "kdf-poketone-flyer",
        "where": "POKETONE Portfolio table"
      },
      {
        "text": "Newer EVA formulations contain antioxidants and UV absorbers. The IIETA abstract says these were developed but gives no effect size.",
        "source": "iieta-eva-pv",
        "where": "Abstract"
      }
    ]
  },
  "uses": [
    {
      "application": "structures",
      "device": "Injection-moulded electrical, electronics, consumer and vehicle parts (ground)",
      "example": "Hyosung names electrics and electronics, consumer goods, healthcare, mechanical engineering, vehicle construction and e-mobility as target segments for POKETONE.",
      "source": "kdf-poketone-flyer",
      "where": "Industries block, right-hand text"
    },
    {
      "application": "mechanisms",
      "device": "Wear-resistant, low-noise moving parts (ground)",
      "example": "The flyer says POKETONE has excellent wear resistance compared with other engineering polymers and reduces various noise problems.",
      "source": "kdf-poketone-flyer",
      "where": "Properties block, High wear resistance entry"
    },
    {
      "application": "solar-arrays",
      "device": "Ethylene-vinyl acetate encapsulant in photovoltaic modules (PEVA)",
      "example": "The most usually employed polymer for PV module encapsulant is ethylene-vinyl acetate (EVA), because of its moderate cost and ease of implementation.",
      "source": "iieta-eva-pv",
      "where": "Abstract, first paragraph"
    }
  ],
  "supply": [
    {
      "subject": "Aliphatic polyketone resin (POKETONE, AKROTEK PK)",
      "producers": [],
      "critical_lists": [],
      "substitutes": [],
      "source": "kdf-poketone-flyer",
      "where": "Title block and Industries block (capacity 50,000 tonnes per year, Yongyeon, Ulsan)"
    },
    {
      "subject": "Ethylene (main olefin feedstock)",
      "producers": [],
      "critical_lists": [],
      "substitutes": [],
      "source": "pmc-pk-review",
      "where": "Section 1, Introduction, sentence on the cheap and plentiful ethylene monomer"
    }
  ],
  "media": [],
  "documents": [
    {
      "title": "Hyosung Corporation, Material Safety Data Sheet, POKETONE M33AS1A-NP0 (Polyketone), issued 2014.04.07",
      "type": "sds",
      "url": "https://www.hyosungchemical.com/resources/front/files/pok_tds/M33AS1A_MSDS_E.pdf",
      "year": 2014
    },
    {
      "title": "K.D. Feddersen, POKETONE The all-rounder (Hyosung polyketone product flyer)",
      "type": "datasheet",
      "url": "https://a.storyblok.com/f/170886/x/ab4b9ee626/flyer_hyosung_poketone_the-all-rounder.pdf"
    },
    {
      "title": "Akro-Plastic, chemical resistance of polyketone (PK), 2024, linked from the AKROTEK PK page",
      "type": "datasheet",
      "url": "https://a.storyblok.com/f/170886/x/b9ba18cd16/2024-resistance-to-pk_en.pdf",
      "year": 2024
    },
    {
      "title": "Vinmar Polymers America, VINPOL EV0628 ethylene vinyl acetate copolymer, resin property sheet (Rev. Date 7/28/2023)",
      "type": "datasheet",
      "url": "https://vpa.vinmar.com/wp-content/uploads/VINPOL-EV0628.pdf",
      "year": 2023
    },
    {
      "title": "Recent Advances in Synthesis of Non-Alternating Polyketone Generated by Copolymerization of Carbon Monoxide and Ethylene (PMC10816092)",
      "type": "paper",
      "url": "https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC10816092/",
      "year": 2024
    },
    {
      "title": "Kim and Kim, Hydrolysis Resistance and Mechanical Property Changes of Glass Fiber Filled Polyketone Composites Upon Glass Fiber Concentration (Elastomers and Composites 52(1), 2017)",
      "type": "paper",
      "url": "https://www.koreascience.or.kr/article/JAKO201714563377563.page",
      "year": 2017
    },
    {
      "title": "Mechanical and optical ageing of an EVA encapsulant under accelerated UV (IIETA, Revue des Composites et des Materiaux Avances, 2017, DOI 10.3166/rcma.2017.00010)",
      "type": "paper",
      "url": "https://iieta.org/node/1877",
      "year": 2017
    },
    {
      "title": "PubChem CID 281, Carbon Monoxide: GHS classification",
      "type": "database",
      "url": "https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/281",
      "year": 2026
    },
    {
      "title": "PubChem CID 7904, Vinyl Acetate: GHS classification",
      "type": "database",
      "url": "https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/7904",
      "year": 2026
    }
  ],
  "gaps": [
    "Density of polyketone is not recorded: the supplier SDS prints 'Density : > 1.24 at 20 degC' with no unit, so no value was entered.",
    "Heat ageing: no oven-ageing time or temperature series for PK or PEVA was read. The heat-ageing rating is unknown for both.",
    "UV for PK: no UV or weathering test result was read. The flyer lists UV-stabilised grades without numbers.",
    "Humidity for PEVA: no water-absorption or hydrolysis value for EVA was read. The Wikipedia statement on hydrolysis to EVOH and acetic acid is not used as a value.",
    "Tensile strength, flexural modulus, heat deflection temperature and water absorption for PK grades: the Hyosung and Akro-Plastic datasheets returned HTTP 403 or are behind a login, and the Akro page prints these only as charts.",
    "Hyosung flyer (K.D. Feddersen) has no printed date, so no year is given in its source entry.",
    "Glass transition temperature of PK and PEVA: no primary value was read.",
    "PEVA: only the Vinmar 28 wt% grade was read in full. Dow Elvax and Westlake grade sheets were seen in search results only. The Wikipedia range of 1 to 40 wt% vinyl acetate is composition only.",
    "The Jin 2010 EVA UV paper (NJTech) could not be opened, so no UV result beyond the IIETA abstract is recorded. The Springer 2022 EVA thermal paper redirects to a login page.",
    "The Akro-Plastic chemical table does not name the grade and calls its data subjective classifications, so its ratings are used with that caveat.",
    "Supply: no producer share by country and no PEVA producer capacity was read.",
    "Hazards for the polymer: no PubChem record for the polyketone polymer was found, and the SDS gives 'No data available' for most toxicology.",
    "Autoignition temperature, burning rate and melt flow rate are not in spores/property-canon.yaml and are used as short names. Shore A hardness is also a short name.",
    "Melting point of 220 degC from the Akrotek page gives no test method. The melting range in the SDS is a lower bound (greater than 220 degC).",
    "Akro-Plastic's PK melt-flow and mechanical values for the glass-fibre grades are not printed as numbers on the product page."
  ],
  "story": {
    "why": "Polyketone is in this file as a thermoplastic that combines a melting range above 220 degC with documented resistance to hot water and weak chemicals, and as a plastic whose supplier SDS gives no hazard classification. PEVA is included briefly because it is the ethylene-vinyl acetate film used as a PV module encapsulant, and because its UV yellowing is documented in a 2017 study. Both polymers are ground-tested materials; no orbital or lunar test value was read for either.",
    "uses": [
      {
        "where": "Moulded electrical and vehicle parts",
        "line": "Hyosung names electrics and electronics, consumer goods, healthcare, mechanical engineering, vehicle construction and e-mobility as target segments for POKETONE."
      },
      {
        "where": "Wear-resistant moving parts",
        "line": "The flyer says POKETONE has excellent wear resistance compared with other engineering polymers and reduces various noise problems. This is a ground use."
      },
      {
        "where": "PV module encapsulant (PEVA)",
        "line": "The IIETA abstract says EVA is the most usually employed polymer for PV module encapsulant, because of its moderate cost and ease of implementation."
      }
    ],
    "can_do": [
      {
        "label": "Melting range",
        "line": "The SDS gives a melting range above 220 degC for POKETONE M33AS1A, and the Akrotek page gives 220 degC for aliphatic polyketone in general.",
        "benchmark": "melting_point",
        "scope": "material"
      },
      {
        "label": "Melt flow",
        "line": "Melt flow index is 49 g/10 min for M33AS1A and 6 g/10 min for M630F, at 240 degC and 2.16 kg (flyer).",
        "benchmark": "melt_flow_rate",
        "scope": "material"
      },
      {
        "label": "PEVA softening",
        "line": "The 28 wt% PEVA grade softens at 49 degC Vicat and peaks at 75 degC by DSC, so its use temperature is far below that of polyketone.",
        "benchmark": "vicat_softening_temperature",
        "scope": "material"
      }
    ],
    "compare": "Polyketone melts above 220 degC, while the 28 wt% PEVA grade softens at 49 degC Vicat and melts at 75 degC. Polyketone's water and chemical resistance comes from its maker and from one 2017 study, with no UV number. PEVA's UV yellowing comes from a 2017 PV paper, with no dose or duration. Neither polymer has an ageing number in this file.",
    "compare_rows": [
      {
        "label": "Melting point",
        "benchmark": "melting_point",
        "scope": "material"
      },
      {
        "label": "Vicat softening temperature",
        "benchmark": "vicat_softening_temperature",
        "scope": "material"
      },
      {
        "label": "Tensile strength at break",
        "benchmark": "ultimate_tensile_strength",
        "scope": "material"
      }
    ],
    "handling": [
      "Keep the pellet dry and closed, avoid dust, and pick up spills without creating dust.",
      "Keep polyketone away from strong oxidising agents, as the SDS advises.",
      "Do not put unstabilised polyketone in outdoor UV without a test of the chosen grade.",
      "Avoid hot concentrated acid and dimethylformamide for PK parts; the Akro-Plastic table shows large losses."
    ],
    "good_for": [
      "Wear-resistant, low-noise moulded parts, as the flyer describes.",
      "Parts exposed to hot water or weak acids and alkalis, where the maker and a 2017 study report little loss.",
      "PEVA as a PV module encapsulant film, the role the IIETA abstract describes."
    ],
    "watch_out": [
      "UV: no PK UV test result was read. PEVA yellows and loses adhesion under extended UV.",
      "Hot acids and solvents: 40 % sulphuric acid and dimethylformamide at 80 degC cut yield stress by 72 % and 80 % in the table, and DMF swells and dissolves the samples.",
      "A melting point of 220 degC is not a service temperature. No heat-ageing data were read.",
      "The density of polyketone is not recorded, because the SDS prints it with no unit."
    ],
    "verdict": "Polyketone is a lightly documented engineering thermoplastic. Its SDS shows no GHS hazard, its melting range is above 220 degC, and its water and chemical resistance is supported by a maker flyer, a supplier table and one study. Its UV and heat ageing are not measured here. PEVA is covered only briefly, with datasheet values but no ageing numbers.",
    "recipe": {
      "line": "Polyketone is a copolymer of carbon monoxide with olefins. The usual form is the ethylene-CO copolymer, and a small share of propylene gives a terpolymer with a slightly lower melting point (Wikipedia). The Akrotek page says roughly half of the chemical components come from carbon monoxide. PEVA is an ethylene and vinyl acetate copolymer, with 28 wt% vinyl acetate in the Vinmar EV0628 grade.",
      "parts": [
        {
          "name": "Carbon monoxide",
          "symbol": "CO",
          "role": "Adds the ketone groups along the chain. The ketone is what makes the polymer a polyketone."
        },
        {
          "name": "Ethylene",
          "role": "Main olefin in the ethylene-CO copolymer. The PMC review calls it a cheap and plentiful monomer."
        },
        {
          "name": "Propylene",
          "role": "Lowers the melting point a little in the terpolymer (Wikipedia)."
        },
        {
          "name": "Vinyl acetate",
          "role": "Comonomer in PEVA. Higher vinyl acetate content gives softer, more flexible grades (Wikipedia)."
        }
      ]
    },
    "risk_groups": [
      {
        "title": "For people",
        "lead": "The polyketone pellet is not classed under GHS by its supplier. PubChem classes the raw monomers, which are gases and liquids, not the solid polymer.",
        "points": [
          {
            "label": "The pellet",
            "line": "The supplier SDS gives GHS as not applicable for physical, health and environmental hazards, with NFPA ratings 0 for health, 1 for flammability and 0 for reactivity."
          },
          {
            "label": "Dust",
            "line": "The SDS asks users to avoid dust formation and to pick up spilled pellets without creating dust."
          },
          {
            "label": "Monomers",
            "line": "PubChem lists carbon monoxide (H220, H280, H331, H360, H372) and vinyl acetate (H225, H332, H341, H351) as hazardous."
          }
        ],
        "level": 0,
        "verdict": "Polymer not classed; monomers are hazardous"
      },
      {
        "title": "If the pellet burns",
        "lead": "The SDS gives a burning rate below 0.7 mm/s (UN test N1) and no spontaneous combustion below 250 degC.",
        "points": [
          {
            "label": "Flash",
            "line": "No flash occurred below 93 degC by the rapid equilibrium method."
          },
          {
            "label": "Products",
            "line": "The SDS names carbon oxides as the hazardous decomposition products and advises self-contained breathing apparatus for fire fighters."
          }
        ],
        "level": 1,
        "verdict": "Burns slowly; no spontaneous ignition below 250 degC"
      },
      {
        "title": "UV and heat in use",
        "lead": "Heat and UV limits here come from datasheet softening and melting points and from qualitative literature. No ageing test value was read for either polymer.",
        "points": [
          {
            "label": "PEVA softening",
            "line": "The Vinmar EV0628 sheet gives a Vicat softening point of 49 degC and a DSC peak melting point of 75 degC, which are test values, not service ratings."
          },
          {
            "label": "EVA under UV",
            "line": "An extended UV exposure caused a loss of adhesion and a reduction in optical transmission (yellowing) in an EVA encapsulant, according to the IIETA abstract."
          }
        ],
        "level": 1,
        "verdict": "No PK UV number; EVA yellows and loses adhesion"
      }
    ]
  },
  "updated": "2026-10-26",
  "review": {
    "status": "draft",
    "method": "assistant",
    "checked_values": 19,
    "unreachable": 3,
    "caveats": 5,
    "note": "Written by an AI assistant on 2026-10-26. Values read from the POKETONE M33AS1A SDS, the Akro-Plastic product page and chemical table, the Hyosung flyer, the PMC polyketone review, the Vinmar EV0628 sheet and the IIETA EVA abstract. Dow, Westlake, Springer and NJTech pages were not read. The POKETONE datasheets returned HTTP 403."
  },
  "sources": {
    "hyosung-msds-m33as1a": {
      "title": "Hyosung Corporation, Material Safety Data Sheet, POKETONE M33AS1A-NP0 (Polyketone)",
      "id": "Issued 2014.04.07, revision 0",
      "url": "https://www.hyosungchemical.com/resources/front/files/pok_tds/M33AS1A_MSDS_E.pdf",
      "year": 2014,
      "kind": "datasheet",
      "license": "supplier SDS, cited"
    },
    "kdf-poketone-flyer": {
      "title": "POKETONE The all-rounder, polyketone flyer (Hyosung product, distributed by K.D. Feddersen)",
      "id": "undated product flyer",
      "url": "https://a.storyblok.com/f/170886/x/ab4b9ee626/flyer_hyosung_poketone_the-all-rounder.pdf",
      "kind": "datasheet",
      "license": "supplier flyer, cited"
    },
    "akro-pk-chemres": {
      "title": "Akro-Plastic, chemical resistance of polyketone (PK), 2024",
      "id": "2024 resistance table, linked from the AKROTEK PK page",
      "url": "https://a.storyblok.com/f/170886/x/b9ba18cd16/2024-resistance-to-pk_en.pdf",
      "year": 2024,
      "kind": "datasheet",
      "license": "supplier document, cited"
    },
    "akrotek-page": {
      "title": "Akro-Plastic, Polyketon solves problems where others fail (AKROTEK PK)",
      "id": "Akro-Plastic product page",
      "url": "https://akro-plastic.com/en/compounds/akrotek-pk",
      "year": 2026,
      "kind": "web",
      "license": "supplier web page, cited"
    },
    "pmc-pk-review": {
      "title": "Recent Advances in Synthesis of Non-Alternating Polyketone Generated by Copolymerization of Carbon Monoxide and Ethylene",
      "id": "PMC10816092",
      "url": "https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC10816092/",
      "year": 2024,
      "kind": "paper",
      "license": "open access, cited"
    },
    "kim-kim-2017": {
      "title": "Hydrolysis Resistance and Mechanical Property Changes of Glass Fiber Filled Polyketone Composites Upon Glass Fiber Concentration",
      "id": "Elastomers and Composites 52(1), 1-8, DOI 10.7473/EC.2017.52.1.1",
      "url": "https://www.koreascience.or.kr/article/JAKO201714563377563.page",
      "year": 2017,
      "kind": "paper",
      "license": "cited from the abstract page"
    },
    "vinmar-ev0628": {
      "title": "Vinmar Polymers America, VINPOL EV0628 ethylene vinyl acetate copolymer, resin property sheet",
      "id": "VINPOL EV0628, Rev. Date 7/28/2023",
      "url": "https://vpa.vinmar.com/wp-content/uploads/VINPOL-EV0628.pdf",
      "year": 2023,
      "kind": "datasheet",
      "license": "supplier datasheet, cited"
    },
    "iieta-eva-pv": {
      "title": "Study of the accelerated aging under UV of the ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer for photovoltaic applications",
      "id": "Revue des Composites et des Materiaux Avances 27(1-2), 87-96, DOI 10.3166/rcma.2017.00010",
      "url": "https://iieta.org/node/1877",
      "year": 2017,
      "kind": "paper",
      "license": "cited from the abstract page"
    },
    "wiki-polyketone": {
      "title": "Polyketone, Wikipedia (composition and monomers only)",
      "id": "en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polyketone",
      "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polyketone",
      "year": 2026,
      "kind": "web",
      "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0"
    },
    "wiki-eva": {
      "title": "Ethylene-vinyl acetate, Wikipedia (composition and VA range only)",
      "id": "en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ethylene-vinyl_acetate",
      "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ethylene-vinyl_acetate",
      "year": 2026,
      "kind": "web",
      "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0"
    },
    "pubchem-co": {
      "title": "PubChem CID 281, Carbon Monoxide: GHS classification",
      "id": "CID 281",
      "url": "https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/281",
      "year": 2026,
      "kind": "database",
      "license": "public domain (NIH PubChem)"
    },
    "pubchem-vam": {
      "title": "PubChem CID 7904, Vinyl Acetate: GHS classification",
      "id": "CID 7904",
      "url": "https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/7904",
      "year": 2026,
      "kind": "database",
      "license": "public domain (NIH PubChem)"
    }
  },
  "license": "CC-BY-4.0",
  "url": "https://spacemushroom.com/profiles/polyketone/"
}