{ "spore": "profile", "id": "pi-kapton-h", "spore_version": "0.2", "family": "polyimides", "name": "Kapton H polyimide film", "abbreviation": "PI (Kapton H)", "role": "flexible insulating film, the original general-purpose grade", "category": "polymers", "type": "polyimides", "summary": "Kapton H is the original DuPont polyimide film made from pyromellitic dianhydride (PMDA) and 4,4'-oxydianiline (ODA). It is the H grade of the Kapton family; the general-purpose HN grade is covered in profile pi-kapton-hn. In low Earth orbit on the MISSE 2 experiment (ISS, 3.95 years) Kapton H eroded at 3.00e-24 cm3/atom, a little more than the 2.06e-24 cm3/atom predicted by NASA's erosion tool, so exposed film does not last without cover. The polymer has no melting point and the maker records successful use from -269 degC to 400 degC, though those range figures come from the Kapton family rather than from a test of the H grade.", "best_for": "A thin, flexible polyimide film for insulation and multilayer blankets where the film is covered or coated against atomic oxygen", "weakest_at": "Atomic-oxygen erosion in low Earth orbit. The MISSE 2 flight value is 3.00e-24 cm3/atom, so bare outer film is eaten away.", "identity": { "formula": "C22H10O5N2 repeat unit, poly(4,4'-oxydiphenylene-pyromellitimide); made from PMDA and ODA", "designations": [], "source": "banks2008", "where": "Table IV lists the Kapton H formula C22H10O5N2 and molar mass 382.3314 g/mole; Wikipedia (wiki-kapton) gives the polymer name for Kapton K and HN, which share the PMDA and ODA chemistry" }, "tags": { "environments": [ "low-earth-orbit" ], "stresses": [ "atomic-oxygen", "thermal-cycling" ], "applications": [ "thermal-control", "electronics-and-chips" ] }, "properties": [ { "benchmark": "atomic_oxygen_erosion_yield", "label": "Atomic oxygen erosion yield, MISSE 2 flight", "value": 3e-24, "bound": "exact", "unit": "cm3/atom", "scope": "material", "conditions": { "experiment": "MISSE 2 PEACE polymers, MISSE Passive Experiment Carrier 2 tray 1, exterior of the ISS Quest airlock", "exposure": "3.95 yr, 16 Aug 2001 to 30 Jul 2005, low Earth orbit", "fluence": "8.43e21 atoms/cm2 (average of two Kapton H fluence witness samples)", "solar_exposure": "5000 to 6700 equivalent sun hours (estimate in the report)", "thermal_cycling": "base-plate nominally 40 to -30 degC" }, "method": "Mass-loss erosion yield from flight samples, as printed in the NASA report", "status": "flight", "note": "Erosion yield is listed without a greater-than sign for Kapton H, so the value is a measured yield, not a lower bound.", "source": "banks2008", "where": "Table I (MISSE 2 PEACE polymers erosion yield data), row PI (Kapton H); exposure from section 2.1", "source_detail": { "title": "Atomic Oxygen Erosion Yield Predictive Tool for Spacecraft Polymers in Low Earth Orbit", "id": "NASA/TM-2008-215490, NTRS 20090011780 (Banks, Backus, de Groh, December 2008)", "url": "https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/20090011780", "year": 2008, "kind": "report", "license": "public domain (NASA)" } }, { "benchmark": "atomic_oxygen_erosion_yield_predicted", "label": "Predicted atomic oxygen erosion yield, Kapton H", "value": 2.06e-24, "bound": "exact", "unit": "cm3/atom", "scope": "material", "conditions": { "basis": "NASA erosion-yield predictive tool, compared with the MISSE 2 measured value" }, "method": "Predicted column of the comparison table, as printed in the report", "status": "calculated", "note": "The measured MISSE 2 value for the same row is 3.00e-24 cm3/atom, so the tool under-predicted erosion for this grade.", "source": "banks2008", "where": "Table VII (comparison of predicted and actual MISSE 2 erosion yields), row PI (Kapton H)", "source_detail": { "title": "Atomic Oxygen Erosion Yield Predictive Tool for Spacecraft Polymers in Low Earth Orbit", "id": "NASA/TM-2008-215490, NTRS 20090011780 (Banks, Backus, de Groh, December 2008)", "url": "https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/20090011780", "year": 2008, "kind": "report", "license": "public domain (NASA)" } }, { "benchmark": "density", "label": "Density of Kapton H polymer", "value": 1.4273, "bound": "exact", "unit": "g/cm3", "scope": "material", "conditions": { "basis": "density measured for the MISSE 2 polymer set, density-gradient method cited in the report" }, "method": "Density column of the MISSE 2 density table, as printed in the report", "status": "ground", "source": "banks2008", "where": "Table II (MISSE 2 PEACE polymers density and fractional ash content), row PI (Kapton H)", "source_detail": { "title": "Atomic Oxygen Erosion Yield Predictive Tool for Spacecraft Polymers in Low Earth Orbit", "id": "NASA/TM-2008-215490, NTRS 20090011780 (Banks, Backus, de Groh, December 2008)", "url": "https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/20090011780", "year": 2008, "kind": "report", "license": "public domain (NASA)" } }, { "benchmark": "molar_mass", "label": "Molar mass of the Kapton H repeat unit", "value": 382.3314, "bound": "exact", "unit": "g/mole", "scope": "material", "conditions": { "formula": "C22H10O5N2" }, "method": "Atomic mass units column of the chemical structure table, as printed in the report", "status": "calculated", "source": "banks2008", "where": "Table IV (MISSE 2 PEACE polymers chemical structure), row PI (Kapton H)", "source_detail": { "title": "Atomic Oxygen Erosion Yield Predictive Tool for Spacecraft Polymers in Low Earth Orbit", "id": "NASA/TM-2008-215490, NTRS 20090011780 (Banks, Backus, de Groh, December 2008)", "url": "https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/20090011780", "year": 2008, "kind": "report", "license": "public domain (NASA)" } }, { "benchmark": "repeat_unit_volume", "label": "Volume per repeat unit of Kapton H", "value": 4.45e-22, "bound": "exact", "unit": "cm3", "scope": "material", "conditions": { "formula": "C22H10O5N2" }, "method": "Volume per repeat unit column of the chemical structure table, as printed in the report", "status": "calculated", "source": "banks2008", "where": "Table IV, row PI (Kapton H)", "source_detail": { "title": "Atomic Oxygen Erosion Yield Predictive Tool for Spacecraft Polymers in Low Earth Orbit", "id": "NASA/TM-2008-215490, NTRS 20090011780 (Banks, Backus, de Groh, December 2008)", "url": "https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/20090011780", "year": 2008, "kind": "report", "license": "public domain (NASA)" } }, { "benchmark": "min_volume_of_atoms_in_repeat_unit", "label": "Minimum volume of atoms in the Kapton H repeat unit", "value": 5.59e-23, "bound": "exact", "unit": "cm3", "scope": "material", "conditions": { "formula": "C22H10O5N2" }, "method": "Minimum volume of atoms column (V sigma) of the chemical structure table, as printed in the report", "status": "calculated", "source": "banks2008", "where": "Table IV, row PI (Kapton H)", "source_detail": { "title": "Atomic Oxygen Erosion Yield Predictive Tool for Spacecraft Polymers in Low Earth Orbit", "id": "NASA/TM-2008-215490, NTRS 20090011780 (Banks, Backus, de Groh, December 2008)", "url": "https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/20090011780", "year": 2008, "kind": "report", "license": "public domain (NASA)" } }, { "benchmark": "ash_mass_fraction", "label": "Mass fraction of polymer that is ash (Na)", "value": 0.00225, "bound": "exact", "unit": "mass fraction", "scope": "material", "conditions": { "basis": "sodium ash content of the MISSE 2 polymer sample" }, "method": "Mass fraction of polymer that is ash column of the density table, as printed in the report", "status": "ground", "source": "banks2008", "where": "Table II, row PI (Kapton H)", "source_detail": { "title": "Atomic Oxygen Erosion Yield Predictive Tool for Spacecraft Polymers in Low Earth Orbit", "id": "NASA/TM-2008-215490, NTRS 20090011780 (Banks, Backus, de Groh, December 2008)", "url": "https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/20090011780", "year": 2008, "kind": "report", "license": "public domain (NASA)" } }, { "benchmark": "min_service_temp", "label": "Lowest temperature of successful use stated for Kapton", "value": -269, "bound": "exact", "unit": "degC", "scope": "material", "conditions": { "grade": "Kapton family, grade not stated for H", "basis": "Wikipedia states Kapton stays stable from 4 to 673 K (-269 to +400 degC); this is a record of use, not a tested rating" }, "method": "Statement in Wikipedia (Kapton article, Characteristics section)", "status": "ground", "note": "This range is for Kapton generally. The HN datasheet range is in profile pi-kapton-hn.", "source": "wiki-kapton", "where": "Characteristics section, first paragraph", "source_detail": { "title": "Wikipedia, Kapton (chemistry, characteristics, history, usage)", "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kapton", "kind": "web", "license": "CC BY-SA (Wikipedia)" } }, { "benchmark": "max_service_temp", "label": "Highest temperature of successful use stated for Kapton", "value": 400, "bound": "exact", "unit": "degC", "scope": "material", "conditions": { "grade": "Kapton family, grade not stated for H", "basis": "Wikipedia states Kapton stays stable up to +400 degC; this is a record of use, not a tested rating" }, "method": "Statement in Wikipedia (Kapton article, Characteristics section)", "status": "ground", "note": "The DuPont article information sheet names temperatures above 400 degC as a condition to avoid (dupont-ais, family sheet).", "source": "wiki-kapton", "where": "Characteristics section, first paragraph", "source_detail": { "title": "Wikipedia, Kapton (chemistry, characteristics, history, usage)", "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kapton", "kind": "web", "license": "CC BY-SA (Wikipedia)" } }, { "benchmark": "ring_closure_temperature", "label": "Ring-closure (imidization) temperature of the poly(amic acid)", "value": 200, "value_high": 300, "bound": "range", "unit": "degC", "scope": "material", "conditions": { "process": "thermal ring closure of the poly(amic acid) intermediate to the polyimide", "grade": "Kapton K and HN are named; the same chemistry is listed for H in Table IV" }, "method": "Statement in Wikipedia (Kapton article, Chemistry and variants), given as 470 to 570 K", "status": "ground", "source": "wiki-kapton", "where": "Chemistry and variants section", "source_detail": { "title": "Wikipedia, Kapton (chemistry, characteristics, history, usage)", "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kapton", "kind": "web", "license": "CC BY-SA (Wikipedia)" } } ], "corrosion": [ { "environment": "Atomic oxygen in low Earth orbit", "headline": "Atomic oxygen erodes Kapton H at 3.00e-24 cm3 per atom that hits it, so exposed film wears away.", "effect": "On the MISSE 2 flight on the ISS, Kapton H measured 3.00e-24 cm3/atom at a fluence of 8.43e21 atoms/cm2 over 3.95 years. The predictive tool gave 2.06e-24 for the same row. On LDEF the aluminized Kapton blankets were eroded on their outer surface, so the outermost Kapton layer was mostly lost (grade not stated in that report).", "rating": "severe", "conditions": { "flight_1": "MISSE 2, 3.95 yr, fluence 8.43e21 atoms/cm2, PEC 2 tray 1 on the ISS", "flight_2": "LDEF tray F-9, aluminized Kapton multilayer insulation; grade not stated" }, "source": "banks2008", "where": "Table I and Table VII, row PI (Kapton H); section 2.1" }, { "environment": "Atomic oxygen on exposed multilayer insulation (LDEF)", "headline": "On LDEF, most of the outermost aluminized Kapton layer was lost, while the aluminized layers beneath survived.", "effect": "The outermost 0.076 mm Kapton layer and the polyester scrim under it were largely eroded. The aluminum on the back of the Kapton remained in place and protected the underlying double-aluminized Kapton layers from the space environment. The report does not name the Kapton grade, so this is not an H-specific result.", "rating": "moderate", "conditions": { "tray": "F-9, LDEF, outer layer 0.076 mm, inner layers 0.0076 mm double-aluminized perforated Kapton" }, "source": "smith1994", "where": "Introduction, Results of LDEF Space Exposure, and the MLI description" }, { "environment": "Strong acids and strong oxidizers", "headline": "The maker lists strong acids and strong oxidizers as incompatible, with no corrosion rate.", "effect": "The DuPont article information sheet covers the Kapton film family, including grades beyond HN, and gives strong acids and strong oxidizers as incompatible. It gives no rate or test and does not name the H grade.", "rating": "unknown", "conditions": { "basis": "DuPont article information sheet version 2.2, 30 November 2016, covering Kapton FPC, HN, HPP-ST, PST, VN, V and GS film (0.3 to 2 mil); the H grade is not listed" }, "source": "dupont-ais", "where": "Stability and reactivity (incompatibility) section" } ], "risks": { "hazards": [ { "text": "DuPont article information sheet (family sheet, which does not list the H grade): gives no hazard classification and no hazard statements. It says inhalation and ingestion are not considered routes of exposure and advises washing skin with soap and water. Thick films have sharp edges that can cut. The film is insoluble in water.", "ghs": [], "source": "dupont-ais", "where": "Hazards identification, First aid, Handling and storage sections" }, { "text": "Fire: the sheet reports the flammability as self-extinguishing, and the film chars and burns in 100% oxygen but does not burn in air. Processing and unwrapping can generate static charge.", "ghs": [], "source": "dupont-ais", "where": "Firefighting measures section" } ], "failure_risks": [ { "mode": "Erosion by atomic oxygen", "trigger": "Exposed Kapton H in low Earth orbit (MISSE 2, fluence 8.43e21 atoms/cm2)", "consequence": "Film thins and is lost. The MISSE 2 yield for Kapton H was 3.00e-24 cm3/atom, above the predicted 2.06e-24.", "severity": "high", "source": "banks2008", "where": "Table I and Table VII, row PI (Kapton H)" }, { "mode": "Rips and holes from micrometeoroid and debris hits", "trigger": "Particle hits on thin Kapton multilayer insulation layers in orbit (LDEF)", "consequence": "Small rips and holes in the layers, with condensed vapor plumes clouding the next layer. The paper judged the effect on insulation performance minimal. The grade is not stated.", "severity": "low", "source": "smith1994", "where": "Results of LDEF Space Exposure" } ], "side_effects": [ { "text": "Eroded Kapton is converted to volatile products, and thin aluminum left after the Kapton eroded away can drift off as flakes. The LDEF report says this could degrade optical experiments if flakes entered the field of view.", "source": "smith1994", "where": "Results of LDEF Space Exposure and the contamination discussion" } ], "handling": [ { "text": "Keep the film dry, stored at 20 to 30 degC, and away from strong acids and strong oxidizers. These are the family sheet's storage conditions, not H-specific.", "source": "dupont-ais", "where": "Handling and storage section" }, { "text": "Take action to avoid static discharge when unwrapping and processing the film, and take care with thick film, which has sharp edges.", "source": "dupont-ais", "where": "Handling and storage section" } ], "mitigations": [] }, "uses": [ { "application": "thermal-control", "device": "Multilayer insulation blankets on a spacecraft", "example": "On LDEF tray F-9, a 0.076 mm outer Kapton layer and 15 layers of 0.0076 mm double-aluminized perforated Kapton formed the blanket; the report does not name the Kapton grade.", "source": "smith1994", "where": "Introduction and MLI description" }, { "application": "electronics-and-chips", "device": "Flexible printed circuits and flexible electronics", "example": "Wikipedia describes Kapton as a polyimide film used in flexible printed circuits and space blankets; the page does not name the H grade for these uses.", "source": "wiki-kapton", "where": "Lead paragraph" } ], "supply": [ { "subject": "Polyimide film (Kapton)", "abundance": "Not read in a fetched page for this grade.", "producers": [ { "country": "DuPont" }, { "country": "Qnity Electronics" } ], "critical_lists": [], "recycling": "Not sourced.", "substitutes": [ "Kapton E is a copolymer of PMDA with BPDA and ODA with PPD, which Wikipedia says has reduced CTE, moisture absorption and hygroscopic expansion compared to Kapton H." ], "source": "wiki-kapton", "where": "Manufacturers and history; Chemistry and variants section" } ], "media": [], "documents": [ { "title": "NASA/TM-2008-215490: Atomic Oxygen Erosion Yield Predictive Tool for Spacecraft Polymers in Low Earth Orbit", "type": "report", "url": "https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/20090011780", "year": 2008 }, { "title": "NASA LDEF MLI results: Space Station WP-2 Application of LDEF MLI Results (NTRS 19940026511)", "type": "report", "url": "https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/19940026511", "year": 1994 }, { "title": "DuPont article information sheet: Kapton FPC, HN, HPP-ST, PST, VN, V, GS (0.3 - 2 mil), version 2.2", "type": "sds", "url": "https://www.boedeker.com/Portals/0/Safety%20Data%20Sheets%20SDS/Kapton-Film-Dupont-Safety-Data-Sheet-SDS-11-30-2016.PDF", "year": 2016 }, { "title": "NIST Atomic Weights and Isotopic Compositions (hydrogen page)", "type": "database", "url": "https://physics.nist.gov/cgi-bin/Compositions/stand_alone.pl?ele=H&ascii=html", "year": 2026 } ], "gaps": [ "No DuPont datasheet for Kapton H was reached this run. A search returned only HN, HPP-ST, XP and general pages; the Goodfellow Kapton page lists HN values only. So there are no H-specific tensile, dielectric, CTE, thermal or electrical values in this profile.", "No outgassing (ASTM E 595 total mass loss, CVCM) entry for Kapton H was pulled from the NASA Goddard database this run.", "No radiation (proton, electron, UV) result for Kapton H was found. The AIAA-2001-1414 paper covers Kapton HN and E only, so it is not used here.", "No thermal-cycling endurance, moisture absorption, hygroscopic expansion, or cryogenic mechanical result for Kapton H was found.", "No total ionizing dose or gamma tolerance for Kapton H was found.", "Supply: no producer, country share, production volume or critical-mineral list for the H grade was found. Wikipedia names Qnity Electronics as the current maker of Kapton, without grade detail. Monomer feedstock abundance was not read.", "NIST standard atomic weights for C, N and O were not read this run (the fetched pages did not print intervals), so the recipe gives molar masses and atom counts instead. Only the hydrogen interval was read.", "Hazard data for the H grade: the DuPont sheet covers the Kapton family and does not name the H grade. No PubChem or ECHA GHS record for Kapton H was read.", "The CAS number was not read for this grade in this run.", "Property names: molar_mass, repeat_unit_volume, min_volume_of_atoms_in_repeat_unit, ash_mass_fraction and ring_closure_temperature are short snake_case names not in spores/property-canon.yaml.", "Count: 10 properties and 7 sources, below the 12 properties and 8 sources of the lithium standard. The shortfall is H-specific data that could not be reached in this run.", "The H-grade flight erosion value is the only H-specific property with a flight source. Everything else in this profile is a MISSE 2 table row, a reported formula, or a family statement that is marked as such." ], "story": { "why": "Kapton H is the original polyimide film of the Kapton family. It is a plastic whose long molecules are built from ring-shaped imide units, made by condensing PMDA with ODA and then ring-closing the intermediate at 200 to 300 degC. It has a formula of C22H10O5N2 per repeat unit and a density of 1.4273 g/cm3. Its main weakness in orbit is atomic oxygen, which eroded the MISSE 2 flight sample at 3.00e-24 cm3/atom.", "uses": [ { "where": "Multilayer insulation on LDEF", "line": "The LDEF tray F-9 blanket used aluminized Kapton, with a 0.076 mm outer layer and 15 layers of 0.0076 mm double-aluminized perforated Kapton. The report does not name the Kapton grade." }, { "where": "Flexible electronics", "line": "Wikipedia describes Kapton as the film used in flexible printed circuits, and does not name the H grade for this use." } ], "can_do": [ { "label": "Atomic oxygen", "line": "On the MISSE 2 flight on the ISS, Kapton H eroded at 3.00e-24 cm3/atom over 3.95 years at a fluence of 8.43e21 atoms/cm2.", "scope": "material", "value": "3.00e-24 cm3/atom" }, { "label": "Heat and cold", "line": "Wikipedia states that Kapton stays stable from -269 degC to 400 degC. This is a family statement, not a test of the H grade.", "scope": "material", "value": "-269 degC to 400 degC" }, { "label": "Density", "line": "The MISSE 2 density table gives 1.4273 g/cm3 for Kapton H.", "scope": "material", "value": "1.4273 g/cm3" } ], "compare": "In the same MISSE 2 table, Kapton H eroded at 3.00e-24 cm3/atom, and the predictive tool had estimated 2.06e-24 for the same row. The H-grade erosion yield is the only H-specific flight result in this profile. The HN grade, covered in profile pi-kapton-hn, is listed in the same table at a lower yield.", "compare_rows": [ { "label": "Atomic oxygen erosion yield", "benchmark": "atomic_oxygen_erosion_yield", "scope": "material" }, { "label": "Density", "benchmark": "density", "scope": "material" }, { "label": "Highest service temperature (family)", "benchmark": "max_service_temp", "scope": "material" } ], "handling": [ "Keep the film dry at 20 to 30 degC, away from strong acids and strong oxidizers.", "Avoid static discharge when unwrapping, and take care with thick film, which has sharp edges.", "Cover or coat exposed film in orbit, because bare outer film erodes." ], "good_for": [ "Thin, flexible insulation where a covered or coated film is acceptable.", "Multilayer insulation blankets, following the LDEF example where the inner layers survived because aluminum protected them.", "A polyimide with no melting point, covered by the family service range." ], "watch_out": [ "Atomic oxygen. Kapton H eroded at 3.00e-24 cm3/atom on MISSE 2, so bare outer film is lost.", "The temperature range is for the Kapton family and not measured for the H grade.", "No H-specific outgassing, radiation or mechanical data were reachable this run." ], "verdict": "Kapton H is the original polyimide film of the family, with a MISSE 2 erosion yield of 3.00e-24 cm3/atom and a density of 1.4273 g/cm3. It is a proven insulation film in orbit when it is covered or coated against atomic oxygen. For H-specific electrical, thermal and outgassing data, read the HN profile and the DuPont H datasheet, which were not reachable this run.", "recipe": { "line": "Repeat unit poly(4,4'-oxydiphenylene-pyromellitimide), C22H10O5N2 (molar mass 382.3314 g/mole). Made by condensing pyromellitic dianhydride (PMDA) with 4,4'-oxydianiline (ODA) to a soluble poly(amic acid), which is then ring-closed at 200 to 300 degC.", "parts": [ { "name": "Pyromellitic dianhydride", "symbol": "PMDA", "role": "Dianhydride; supplies the pyromellitimide unit of the chain.", "share_note": "Molar mass 218.120 g/mol, Wikipedia infobox (CAS 89-32-7, formula C10H2O6)" }, { "name": "4,4'-Oxydianiline", "symbol": "ODA", "role": "Diamine with an ether link; supplies the oxydiphenylene unit.", "share_note": "Molar mass 200.24 g/mol, Wikipedia infobox (CAS 101-80-4, formula C12H12N2O)" }, { "name": "Hydrogen", "symbol": "H", "role": "Standard atomic weight interval, NIST. Ten hydrogen atoms per repeat unit, from the formula in Table IV.", "share_note": "NIST standard atomic weight interval for hydrogen" } ] }, "risk_groups": [ { "title": "For people", "lead": "The family sheet gives no hazard classification for the film, but thick film can cut and build up static.", "points": [ { "label": "The film", "line": "The DuPont family sheet lists no hazard classification and says inhalation and ingestion are not considered routes of exposure. Thick films have sharp edges that can cut." }, { "label": "Fire", "line": "The sheet says the film chars and burns in 100% oxygen but does not burn in air." }, { "label": "Static", "line": "Unwrapping and processing can generate static charge, so the sheet advises avoiding static discharge." } ], "level": 1, "verdict": "No hazard classification in the family sheet; sharp edges…" }, { "title": "If it fails", "lead": "These results come from flight exposure of Kapton and from one LDEF report, not from failures of finished hardware.", "points": [ { "label": "Atomic oxygen", "line": "On MISSE 2, Kapton H eroded at 3.00e-24 cm3/atom, above the predicted 2.06e-24." }, { "label": "Debris", "line": "Debris hits made small rips and holes in the thin LDEF layers, but the paper judged the effect on insulation performance minimal." } ] }, { "title": "Handling and storage", "points": [ { "label": "Storage", "line": "Keep it dry at 20 to 30 degC, away from strong acids and strong oxidizers." }, { "label": "Static", "line": "Avoid static discharge when unwrapping the film." } ] } ] }, "updated": "2026-10-20", "review": { "status": "draft", "method": "assistant", "checked_values": 10, "unreachable": 1, "caveats": 1, "note": "Written by an AI assistant on 2026-10-20. Values were read in this run from the NASA erosion-yield report (text extracted with pdftotext), the NASA LDEF MLI paper, the DuPont family article information sheet, and Wikipedia and NIST pages. No H-specific datasheet was reachable; see gaps." }, "sources": { "banks2008": { "title": "Atomic Oxygen Erosion Yield Predictive Tool for Spacecraft Polymers in Low Earth Orbit", "id": "NASA/TM-2008-215490, NTRS 20090011780 (Banks, Backus, de Groh, December 2008)", "url": "https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/20090011780", "year": 2008, "kind": "report", "license": "public domain (NASA)" }, "smith1994": { "title": "Space Station WP-2 Application of LDEF MLI Results", "id": "NTRS 19940026511 (Smith, Hasegawa, Jones, McDonnell Douglas Aerospace)", "url": "https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/19940026511", "year": 1994, "kind": "report", "license": "NASA NTRS document, linked not reproduced" }, "dupont-ais": { "title": "Article Information Sheet: DuPont Kapton FPC; HN; HPP-ST; PST; VN; V; GS (0.3 - 2 mil)", "id": "Version 2.2, revision date 30 November 2016, Ref. 150000003827", "url": "https://www.boedeker.com/Portals/0/Safety%20Data%20Sheets%20SDS/Kapton-Film-Dupont-Safety-Data-Sheet-SDS-11-30-2016.PDF", "year": 2016, "kind": "datasheet", "license": "manufacturer document, linked not reproduced" }, "wiki-kapton": { "title": "Wikipedia, Kapton (chemistry, characteristics, history, usage)", "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kapton", "kind": "web", "license": "CC BY-SA (Wikipedia)" }, "wiki-pmda": { "title": "Wikipedia, Pyromellitic dianhydride (infobox)", "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pyromellitic_dianhydride", "kind": "web", "license": "CC BY-SA (Wikipedia)" }, "wiki-oda": { "title": "Wikipedia, 4,4'-Oxydianiline (infobox)", "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/4,4%27-Oxydianiline", "kind": "web", "license": "CC BY-SA (Wikipedia)" }, "nist-h": { "title": "NIST Atomic Weights and Isotopic Compositions (hydrogen)", "url": "https://physics.nist.gov/cgi-bin/Compositions/stand_alone.pl?ele=H&ascii=html", "year": 2026, "kind": "database", "license": "public domain (NIST)" } }, "license": "CC-BY-4.0", "url": "https://spacemushroom.com/profiles/pi-kapton-h/" }