{
  "spore": "profile",
  "id": "phynox",
  "spore_version": "0.2",
  "family": "cobalt-alloys",
  "name": "Phynox",
  "abbreviation": "UNS R30003",
  "role": "non-magnetic cobalt-base spring alloy, also sold as Elgiloy, for high-strength springs, diaphragms and thin strip",
  "category": "metals",
  "type": "nickel-superalloys",
  "summary": "Phynox (UNS R30003, EN 2.4711, also sold as Elgiloy) is a cobalt-base alloy of cobalt, chromium, nickel, molybdenum and iron. Aperam gives its nominal composition as 40 Co, 20 Cr, 16 Ni, 15 Fe and 7 Mo (weight percent). It gets its strength from cold work and can be age hardened at about 500 C. Aperam says cold rolled strip reaches up to 2500 MPa tensile strength. The alloy is non-magnetic. Its listed uses are springs, diaphragms, electrical and electronic apparatus, aerospace equipment, and surgical implants and pacemaker electrodes. Elgiloy strip data are also used for satellite communications equipment, but no spacecraft is named.\n",
  "best_for": "Thin, high-strength springs and diaphragms that must stay non-magnetic and resist corrosion in seawater and sour wells",
  "weakest_at": "Joining after age hardening, and no measured corrosion rates in the sources read",
  "identity": {
    "formula": "Cobalt-base austenitic alloy. Aperam nominal composition (wt %): Co 40, Cr 20, Ni 16, Fe 15, Mo 7",
    "designations": [
      {
        "system": "UNS",
        "code": "R30003",
        "source": "elgiloy-wire-sheet",
        "where": "Title block and Applicable Specifications table (Wire and Bar)"
      },
      {
        "system": "EN",
        "code": "2.4711",
        "source": "studer-phynox-sba011",
        "where": "Material number column, title block"
      },
      {
        "system": "EN name",
        "code": "CoCr20Ni15Mo",
        "source": "studer-phynox-sba011",
        "where": "EN/DIN column, title block"
      },
      {
        "system": "ASTM",
        "code": "F1058",
        "note": "surgical implant wire and strip",
        "source": "studer-phynox-sba011",
        "where": "ASTM column, title block; also Applicable Specifications in both Elgiloy sheets"
      },
      {
        "system": "AMS",
        "code": "5833",
        "source": "elgiloy-wire-sheet",
        "where": "Applicable Specifications, Wire and Bar row"
      },
      {
        "system": "AMS",
        "code": "5834",
        "source": "elgiloy-wire-sheet",
        "where": "Applicable Specifications, Wire and Bar row"
      },
      {
        "system": "AMS",
        "code": "5876",
        "source": "elgiloy-strip-sheet",
        "where": "Applicable Specifications, Strip and Foil row"
      },
      {
        "system": "ISO",
        "code": "5832-7",
        "source": "elgiloy-wire-sheet",
        "where": "Applicable Specifications, Wire and Bar row"
      },
      {
        "system": "Trade name",
        "code": "Phynox",
        "source": "aperam-phynox",
        "where": "Product page title and datasheet name"
      },
      {
        "system": "Trade name",
        "code": "Elgiloy",
        "source": "elgiloy-wire-sheet",
        "where": "Title block; registered trademark of Elgiloy Specialty Metals"
      }
    ],
    "source": "aperam-phynox",
    "where": "Chemical Composition table on the PHYNOX product page (Co40 Cr20 Ni16 Fe15 Mo7)"
  },
  "tags": {
    "environments": [],
    "stresses": [
      "extreme-cold",
      "extreme-heat"
    ],
    "applications": [
      "mechanisms",
      "electronics-and-chips"
    ]
  },
  "properties": [
    {
      "benchmark": "density",
      "label": "Density",
      "value": 8.3,
      "bound": "exact",
      "unit": "g/cm3",
      "scope": "material",
      "conditions": {
        "temperature": "20 C",
        "unit_in_source": "8.30 g/cm3 at 20 C (also 0.300 lb/in3)"
      },
      "method": "Printed in the Physical Properties table of the Elgiloy wire sheet. Studer SBA-011 prints the same 8.3 g/cm3 without a temperature.",
      "status": "ground",
      "source": "elgiloy-wire-sheet",
      "where": "Physical Properties table, row Density, At 20 C column",
      "source_detail": {
        "title": "Elgiloy Specialty Metals, Specialty Metals Wire Products, Elgiloy (UNS R30003, W.Nr 2.4711)",
        "url": "https://www.combmet.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/05/Wire-Elgiloy-Alloy.pdf",
        "kind": "datasheet",
        "license": "Manufacturer data sheet (cited, not reproduced)"
      }
    },
    {
      "benchmark": "elastic_modulus",
      "label": "Young's modulus at 20 C, flat wire",
      "value": 215,
      "bound": "exact",
      "unit": "GPa",
      "scope": "material",
      "conditions": {
        "temperature": "20 C",
        "form": "flat wire",
        "unit_in_source": "215.00 GPA"
      },
      "method": "Printed in the Physical properties table of the Studer SBA-011 datasheet. The Elgiloy wire sheet prints a lower value for round wire (190 GPa), and both are recorded.",
      "status": "ground",
      "source": "studer-phynox-sba011",
      "where": "Physical properties table, row Young's modulus E, 20 C",
      "source_detail": {
        "title": "Studer-Biennaform (Notz Metal), Phynox flat wire technical data sheet, material 2.4711, SBA-011",
        "id": "edition 2023/10, printed on the sheet",
        "url": "https://www.studersa.com/media/cms/Legierungen%20/%20Tech-Sheets/SBA%20-%20Tech%20Sheet%20/%20Werkstoffe/sba-011-tech-sheet-phynox.pdf",
        "year": 2023,
        "kind": "datasheet",
        "license": "Manufacturer technical data sheet, informative only (cited, not reproduced)"
      }
    },
    {
      "benchmark": "elastic_modulus",
      "label": "Modulus of elasticity at 20 C, wire",
      "value": 190,
      "bound": "exact",
      "unit": "GPa",
      "scope": "material",
      "conditions": {
        "temperature": "20 C",
        "form": "wire",
        "unit_in_source": "190 GPa at 20 C"
      },
      "method": "Printed in the Physical Properties table of the Elgiloy wire sheet. The Studer datasheet prints 215 GPa at 20 C for flat wire, and both are recorded.",
      "status": "ground",
      "source": "elgiloy-wire-sheet",
      "where": "Physical Properties table, row Modulus of Elasticity (E), At 20C column",
      "source_detail": {
        "title": "Elgiloy Specialty Metals, Specialty Metals Wire Products, Elgiloy (UNS R30003, W.Nr 2.4711)",
        "url": "https://www.combmet.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/05/Wire-Elgiloy-Alloy.pdf",
        "kind": "datasheet",
        "license": "Manufacturer data sheet (cited, not reproduced)"
      }
    },
    {
      "benchmark": "elastic_modulus",
      "label": "Modulus of elasticity, cold reduced strip",
      "value": 186,
      "value_high": 200,
      "bound": "exact",
      "unit": "GPa",
      "scope": "material",
      "conditions": {
        "temper": "cold reduced",
        "form": "strip",
        "unit_in_source": "186 to 200 GPa cold reduced"
      },
      "method": "Printed as a range in the Elgiloy strip sheet.",
      "status": "ground",
      "source": "elgiloy-strip-sheet",
      "where": "Physical Properties table, row Modulus of Elasticity (E), cold reduced line",
      "source_detail": {
        "title": "Elgiloy Specialty Metals, Specialty Metals Strip Products, Elgiloy (UNS R30003, W.Nr 2.4711)",
        "id": "sheet dated 4/10/17",
        "url": "https://www.combmet.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/02/Strip-Elgiloy-Alloy-1.pdf",
        "year": 2017,
        "kind": "datasheet",
        "license": "Manufacturer data sheet (cited, not reproduced)"
      }
    },
    {
      "benchmark": "elastic_modulus",
      "label": "Modulus of elasticity, cold reduced and aged strip",
      "value": 206,
      "value_high": 221,
      "bound": "exact",
      "unit": "GPa",
      "scope": "material",
      "conditions": {
        "temper": "cold reduced and aged",
        "form": "strip",
        "unit_in_source": "206 to 221 GPa cold reduced and aged"
      },
      "method": "Printed as a range in the Elgiloy strip sheet. Aging is the printed heat treatment in that sheet.",
      "status": "ground",
      "source": "elgiloy-strip-sheet",
      "where": "Physical Properties table, row Modulus of Elasticity (E), cold reduced and aged line",
      "source_detail": {
        "title": "Elgiloy Specialty Metals, Specialty Metals Strip Products, Elgiloy (UNS R30003, W.Nr 2.4711)",
        "id": "sheet dated 4/10/17",
        "url": "https://www.combmet.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/02/Strip-Elgiloy-Alloy-1.pdf",
        "year": 2017,
        "kind": "datasheet",
        "license": "Manufacturer data sheet (cited, not reproduced)"
      }
    },
    {
      "benchmark": "cte",
      "label": "Coefficient of thermal expansion, 20 to 200 C",
      "value": 12.5,
      "bound": "exact",
      "unit": "10-6/K",
      "scope": "material",
      "conditions": {
        "temperature": "20 to 200 C",
        "unit_in_source": "12.5 [10-6/K]"
      },
      "method": "Printed in the Physical properties table of the Studer datasheet.",
      "status": "ground",
      "source": "studer-phynox-sba011",
      "where": "Physical properties table, row Heat expansion coefficient",
      "source_detail": {
        "title": "Studer-Biennaform (Notz Metal), Phynox flat wire technical data sheet, material 2.4711, SBA-011",
        "id": "edition 2023/10, printed on the sheet",
        "url": "https://www.studersa.com/media/cms/Legierungen%20/%20Tech-Sheets/SBA%20-%20Tech%20Sheet%20/%20Werkstoffe/sba-011-tech-sheet-phynox.pdf",
        "year": 2023,
        "kind": "datasheet",
        "license": "Manufacturer technical data sheet, informative only (cited, not reproduced)"
      }
    },
    {
      "benchmark": "cte",
      "label": "Coefficient of thermal expansion, 20 to 300 C, wire sheet",
      "value": 15.2,
      "bound": "exact",
      "unit": "um/m-C",
      "scope": "material",
      "conditions": {
        "temperature": "20 to 300 C",
        "unit_in_source": "15.2 um/m-oC (20-300 oC)"
      },
      "method": "Printed in the Physical Properties table of the Elgiloy wire sheet. The same sheet gives 8.4 microinches per inch per F for 70 to 600 F. The two values are recorded separately because the temperature ranges differ.",
      "status": "ground",
      "source": "elgiloy-wire-sheet",
      "where": "Physical Properties table, row Coefficient of Expansion, At 20oC column",
      "source_detail": {
        "title": "Elgiloy Specialty Metals, Specialty Metals Wire Products, Elgiloy (UNS R30003, W.Nr 2.4711)",
        "url": "https://www.combmet.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/05/Wire-Elgiloy-Alloy.pdf",
        "kind": "datasheet",
        "license": "Manufacturer data sheet (cited, not reproduced)"
      }
    },
    {
      "benchmark": "thermal_conductivity",
      "label": "Thermal conductivity at 20 C",
      "value": 12.5,
      "bound": "exact",
      "unit": "W/(m.K)",
      "scope": "material",
      "conditions": {
        "temperature": "20 C",
        "unit_in_source": "12.5 W/m K"
      },
      "method": "Printed in the Physical properties table of the Studer datasheet. The Elgiloy wire sheet prints the same 12.5 W/m-K at 20 C.",
      "status": "ground",
      "source": "studer-phynox-sba011",
      "where": "Physical properties table, row Heat conductivity",
      "source_detail": {
        "title": "Studer-Biennaform (Notz Metal), Phynox flat wire technical data sheet, material 2.4711, SBA-011",
        "id": "edition 2023/10, printed on the sheet",
        "url": "https://www.studersa.com/media/cms/Legierungen%20/%20Tech-Sheets/SBA%20-%20Tech%20Sheet%20/%20Werkstoffe/sba-011-tech-sheet-phynox.pdf",
        "year": 2023,
        "kind": "datasheet",
        "license": "Manufacturer technical data sheet, informative only (cited, not reproduced)"
      }
    },
    {
      "benchmark": "specific_heat",
      "label": "Specific heat capacity at 20 C",
      "value": 450,
      "bound": "exact",
      "unit": "J/(kg.K)",
      "scope": "material",
      "conditions": {
        "temperature": "20 C",
        "unit_in_source": "450 J/kgK"
      },
      "method": "Printed in the Physical properties table of the Studer datasheet.",
      "status": "ground",
      "source": "studer-phynox-sba011",
      "where": "Physical properties table, row Specific heat capacity",
      "source_detail": {
        "title": "Studer-Biennaform (Notz Metal), Phynox flat wire technical data sheet, material 2.4711, SBA-011",
        "id": "edition 2023/10, printed on the sheet",
        "url": "https://www.studersa.com/media/cms/Legierungen%20/%20Tech-Sheets/SBA%20-%20Tech%20Sheet%20/%20Werkstoffe/sba-011-tech-sheet-phynox.pdf",
        "year": 2023,
        "kind": "datasheet",
        "license": "Manufacturer technical data sheet, informative only (cited, not reproduced)"
      }
    },
    {
      "benchmark": "electrical_resistivity",
      "label": "Specific electrical resistance at 20 C, Studer",
      "value": 95,
      "bound": "exact",
      "unit": "uOhm.cm",
      "scope": "material",
      "conditions": {
        "temperature": "20 C",
        "unit_in_source": "95 uOhm cm"
      },
      "method": "Printed in the Physical properties table of the Studer datasheet. The Elgiloy wire sheet prints 99.6 uOhm.cm at 20 C, and both are recorded.",
      "status": "ground",
      "source": "studer-phynox-sba011",
      "where": "Physical properties table, row Specific resistance",
      "source_detail": {
        "title": "Studer-Biennaform (Notz Metal), Phynox flat wire technical data sheet, material 2.4711, SBA-011",
        "id": "edition 2023/10, printed on the sheet",
        "url": "https://www.studersa.com/media/cms/Legierungen%20/%20Tech-Sheets/SBA%20-%20Tech%20Sheet%20/%20Werkstoffe/sba-011-tech-sheet-phynox.pdf",
        "year": 2023,
        "kind": "datasheet",
        "license": "Manufacturer technical data sheet, informative only (cited, not reproduced)"
      }
    },
    {
      "benchmark": "electrical_resistivity",
      "label": "Electrical resistivity at 20 C, wire sheet",
      "value": 99.6,
      "bound": "exact",
      "unit": "uOhm.cm",
      "scope": "material",
      "conditions": {
        "temperature": "20 C",
        "unit_in_source": "99.6 micro ohm.cm"
      },
      "method": "Printed in the Physical Properties table of the Elgiloy wire sheet. The Elgiloy strip sheet prints the same 99.6 micro ohm.cm at 20 C.",
      "status": "ground",
      "source": "elgiloy-wire-sheet",
      "where": "Physical Properties table, row Electrical Resistivity, At 20C column",
      "source_detail": {
        "title": "Elgiloy Specialty Metals, Specialty Metals Wire Products, Elgiloy (UNS R30003, W.Nr 2.4711)",
        "url": "https://www.combmet.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/05/Wire-Elgiloy-Alloy.pdf",
        "kind": "datasheet",
        "license": "Manufacturer data sheet (cited, not reproduced)"
      }
    },
    {
      "benchmark": "ultimate_tensile_strength",
      "label": "Tensile strength, annealed wire",
      "value": 120,
      "value_high": 150,
      "bound": "exact",
      "unit": "ksi",
      "scope": "material",
      "conditions": {
        "temper": "annealed",
        "form": "wire",
        "heat_treatment": "2048 F (1120 C)",
        "unit_in_source": "120 to 150 ksi (830 to 1035 MPa)"
      },
      "method": "Typical Mechanical Properties table, Spring Applications, Elgiloy wire sheet. The MPa range is printed beside the ksi range.",
      "status": "ground",
      "source": "elgiloy-wire-sheet",
      "where": "Typical Mechanical Properties table, row Annealed",
      "source_detail": {
        "title": "Elgiloy Specialty Metals, Specialty Metals Wire Products, Elgiloy (UNS R30003, W.Nr 2.4711)",
        "url": "https://www.combmet.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/05/Wire-Elgiloy-Alloy.pdf",
        "kind": "datasheet",
        "license": "Manufacturer data sheet (cited, not reproduced)"
      }
    },
    {
      "benchmark": "ultimate_tensile_strength",
      "label": "Tensile strength, spring temper wire",
      "value": 220,
      "value_high": 290,
      "bound": "exact",
      "unit": "ksi",
      "scope": "material",
      "conditions": {
        "temper": "spring temper, no aging",
        "form": "wire",
        "unit_in_source": "220 to 290 ksi (1515 to 2000 MPa)"
      },
      "method": "Typical Mechanical Properties table, Spring Applications, Elgiloy wire sheet.",
      "status": "ground",
      "source": "elgiloy-wire-sheet",
      "where": "Typical Mechanical Properties table, row Spring Temper",
      "source_detail": {
        "title": "Elgiloy Specialty Metals, Specialty Metals Wire Products, Elgiloy (UNS R30003, W.Nr 2.4711)",
        "url": "https://www.combmet.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/05/Wire-Elgiloy-Alloy.pdf",
        "kind": "datasheet",
        "license": "Manufacturer data sheet (cited, not reproduced)"
      }
    },
    {
      "benchmark": "ultimate_tensile_strength",
      "label": "Tensile strength, spring temper and aged wire",
      "value": 260,
      "value_high": 330,
      "bound": "exact",
      "unit": "ksi",
      "scope": "material",
      "conditions": {
        "temper": "spring temper and aged, aged at 980 F (527 C) for 5 h after coiling",
        "form": "wire",
        "unit_in_source": "260 to 330 ksi (1790 to 2275 MPa)"
      },
      "method": "Typical Mechanical Properties table, Spring Applications, Elgiloy wire sheet. The aging step is printed in the same row.",
      "status": "ground",
      "source": "elgiloy-wire-sheet",
      "where": "Typical Mechanical Properties table, row Spring Temper + Aged",
      "source_detail": {
        "title": "Elgiloy Specialty Metals, Specialty Metals Wire Products, Elgiloy (UNS R30003, W.Nr 2.4711)",
        "url": "https://www.combmet.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/05/Wire-Elgiloy-Alloy.pdf",
        "kind": "datasheet",
        "license": "Manufacturer data sheet (cited, not reproduced)"
      }
    },
    {
      "benchmark": "ultimate_tensile_strength",
      "label": "Tensile strength, annealed strip",
      "value": 100,
      "bound": "exact",
      "unit": "ksi",
      "scope": "material",
      "conditions": {
        "temper": "annealed per AMS 5876",
        "form": "strip",
        "unit_in_source": "100 ksi min (690 MPa)"
      },
      "method": "Typical Mechanical Properties table, Elgiloy strip sheet. The value is printed as a minimum.",
      "status": "ground",
      "source": "elgiloy-strip-sheet",
      "where": "Typical Mechanical Properties table, row Annealed",
      "source_detail": {
        "title": "Elgiloy Specialty Metals, Specialty Metals Strip Products, Elgiloy (UNS R30003, W.Nr 2.4711)",
        "id": "sheet dated 4/10/17",
        "url": "https://www.combmet.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/02/Strip-Elgiloy-Alloy-1.pdf",
        "year": 2017,
        "kind": "datasheet",
        "license": "Manufacturer data sheet (cited, not reproduced)"
      }
    },
    {
      "benchmark": "ultimate_tensile_strength",
      "label": "Tensile strength, spring temper strip, no heat treatment",
      "value": 310,
      "bound": "exact",
      "unit": "ksi",
      "scope": "material",
      "conditions": {
        "temper": "spring temper, no heat treatment",
        "form": "strip",
        "unit_in_source": "up to 310 ksi (2100 MPa)"
      },
      "method": "Typical Mechanical Properties table, Elgiloy strip sheet. The value is printed as up to.",
      "status": "ground",
      "source": "elgiloy-strip-sheet",
      "where": "Typical Mechanical Properties table, row Spring Temper",
      "source_detail": {
        "title": "Elgiloy Specialty Metals, Specialty Metals Strip Products, Elgiloy (UNS R30003, W.Nr 2.4711)",
        "id": "sheet dated 4/10/17",
        "url": "https://www.combmet.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/02/Strip-Elgiloy-Alloy-1.pdf",
        "year": 2017,
        "kind": "datasheet",
        "license": "Manufacturer data sheet (cited, not reproduced)"
      }
    },
    {
      "benchmark": "ultimate_tensile_strength",
      "label": "Tensile strength, spring temper strip and aged",
      "value": 380,
      "bound": "exact",
      "unit": "ksi",
      "scope": "material",
      "conditions": {
        "temper": "spring temper after cold rolling, then aged per AMS 5876",
        "form": "strip",
        "unit_in_source": "up to 380 ksi (2600 MPa)"
      },
      "method": "Typical Mechanical Properties table, Elgiloy strip sheet. The value is printed as up to.",
      "status": "ground",
      "source": "elgiloy-strip-sheet",
      "where": "Typical Mechanical Properties table, row Spring Temper + Aged",
      "source_detail": {
        "title": "Elgiloy Specialty Metals, Specialty Metals Strip Products, Elgiloy (UNS R30003, W.Nr 2.4711)",
        "id": "sheet dated 4/10/17",
        "url": "https://www.combmet.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/02/Strip-Elgiloy-Alloy-1.pdf",
        "year": 2017,
        "kind": "datasheet",
        "license": "Manufacturer data sheet (cited, not reproduced)"
      }
    },
    {
      "benchmark": "ultimate_tensile_strength",
      "label": "Tensile strength, hardened wire, over 2200",
      "value": 2200,
      "bound": "exact",
      "unit": "N/mm2",
      "scope": "material",
      "conditions": {
        "temper": "hardened by the heat treatment in the Studer datasheet",
        "form": "flat wire",
        "unit_in_source": "over 2200 N/mm2, depending on diameter"
      },
      "method": "Printed in the Technical main features section of the Studer datasheet. The value is printed as over 2200 N/mm2 and depends on diameter, so it is a lower bound.",
      "status": "ground",
      "source": "studer-phynox-sba011",
      "where": "Technical main features, paragraph beginning Tensile strengths of over 2200 N/mm2",
      "source_detail": {
        "title": "Studer-Biennaform (Notz Metal), Phynox flat wire technical data sheet, material 2.4711, SBA-011",
        "id": "edition 2023/10, printed on the sheet",
        "url": "https://www.studersa.com/media/cms/Legierungen%20/%20Tech-Sheets/SBA%20-%20Tech%20Sheet%20/%20Werkstoffe/sba-011-tech-sheet-phynox.pdf",
        "year": 2023,
        "kind": "datasheet",
        "license": "Manufacturer technical data sheet, informative only (cited, not reproduced)"
      }
    },
    {
      "benchmark": "ultimate_tensile_strength",
      "label": "Tensile strength, cold rolled strip, fully hardened",
      "value": 2500,
      "bound": "exact",
      "unit": "MPa",
      "scope": "material",
      "conditions": {
        "temper": "cold rolled strip, fully hardened",
        "form": "strip",
        "unit_in_source": "up to 2500 MPa"
      },
      "method": "Printed on the Aperam PHYNOX product page, first paragraph. The value is printed as up to.",
      "status": "ground",
      "source": "aperam-phynox",
      "where": "Product description paragraph, first sentence",
      "source_detail": {
        "title": "Aperam, PHYNOX product page (grade data, composition, applications)",
        "url": "https://www.aperam.com/product/phynox/",
        "kind": "web",
        "license": "Manufacturer web page (cited, not reproduced)"
      }
    },
    {
      "benchmark": "yield_strength",
      "label": "Yield strength, cold worked",
      "value": 1800,
      "bound": "exact",
      "unit": "MPa",
      "scope": "material",
      "conditions": {
        "temper": "cold worked, no aging",
        "unit_in_source": "higher than 1800 MPa"
      },
      "method": "Printed on the Aperam PHYNOX product page. The page gives it as higher than 1800 MPa that can be achieved by cold working alone.",
      "status": "ground",
      "source": "aperam-phynox",
      "where": "Product description paragraph beginning Yield strengths higher than 1800 MPa",
      "source_detail": {
        "title": "Aperam, PHYNOX product page (grade data, composition, applications)",
        "url": "https://www.aperam.com/product/phynox/",
        "kind": "web",
        "license": "Manufacturer web page (cited, not reproduced)"
      }
    },
    {
      "benchmark": "max_service_temp",
      "label": "Suggested maximum operating temperature",
      "value": 454,
      "bound": "exact",
      "unit": "C",
      "scope": "material",
      "conditions": {
        "temper": "all listed tempers",
        "unit_in_source": "-300 F to 850 F (-184 C to 454 C)"
      },
      "method": "Printed as the suggested operating range in the Typical Mechanical Properties tables of both Elgiloy sheets.",
      "status": "ground",
      "source": "elgiloy-wire-sheet",
      "where": "Typical Mechanical Properties table, Suggested Operating Conditions column",
      "source_detail": {
        "title": "Elgiloy Specialty Metals, Specialty Metals Wire Products, Elgiloy (UNS R30003, W.Nr 2.4711)",
        "url": "https://www.combmet.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/05/Wire-Elgiloy-Alloy.pdf",
        "kind": "datasheet",
        "license": "Manufacturer data sheet (cited, not reproduced)"
      }
    },
    {
      "benchmark": "min_service_temp",
      "label": "Suggested minimum operating temperature",
      "value": -184,
      "bound": "exact",
      "unit": "C",
      "scope": "material",
      "conditions": {
        "temper": "all listed tempers",
        "unit_in_source": "-300 F to 850 F (-184 C to 454 C)"
      },
      "method": "Printed as the suggested operating range in the Typical Mechanical Properties table of the Elgiloy wire sheet. The Elgiloy strip sheet prints the same range.",
      "status": "ground",
      "source": "elgiloy-wire-sheet",
      "where": "Typical Mechanical Properties table, Suggested Operating Conditions column",
      "source_detail": {
        "title": "Elgiloy Specialty Metals, Specialty Metals Wire Products, Elgiloy (UNS R30003, W.Nr 2.4711)",
        "url": "https://www.combmet.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/05/Wire-Elgiloy-Alloy.pdf",
        "kind": "datasheet",
        "license": "Manufacturer data sheet (cited, not reproduced)"
      }
    }
  ],
  "corrosion": [
    {
      "environment": "Seawater, crevice and pitting",
      "headline": "Virtually immune to crevice, stress corrosion and pitting in seawater, even at the highest strength levels.",
      "effect": "The Elgiloy wire sheet says that in seawater the alloy is virtually immune to crevice and stress corrosion and to pitting, even at the highest strength levels. No seawater test duration or rate is printed.",
      "rating": "low",
      "conditions": {
        "basis": "qualitative statement, no rate printed",
        "product": "wire and strip, all strength levels"
      },
      "source": "elgiloy-wire-sheet",
      "where": "Introduction paragraph, sentence beginning In seawater"
    },
    {
      "environment": "Sour well environments, sulfide stress cracking",
      "headline": "Highly resistant to sulfide stress corrosion cracking; NACE MR0175 is an applicable specification.",
      "effect": "The Elgiloy wire sheet says the alloy is highly resistant to sulfide stress corrosion cracking and is the alloy of choice in the most demanding sour well environments. Both Elgiloy sheets list NACE MR0175 in their applicable specifications. No test figure is printed.",
      "rating": "low",
      "conditions": {
        "basis": "qualitative statement, no test figure printed"
      },
      "source": "elgiloy-wire-sheet",
      "where": "Introduction paragraph and Applicable Specifications row"
    },
    {
      "environment": "Mineral and organic acids at room temperature",
      "headline": "Not, or only very hardly, attacked by mineral and organic acids at room temperature.",
      "effect": "The Studer SBA-011 datasheet says the alloy is not or only very hardly attacked by organic and mineral acids at room temperature, and that it outshines the best stainless steels. No acid concentration or rate is printed.",
      "rating": "low",
      "conditions": {
        "temperature": "room temperature",
        "basis": "qualitative statement, no rate printed"
      },
      "source": "studer-phynox-sba011",
      "where": "Technical main features, Corosion resistance paragraph"
    },
    {
      "environment": "Stress corrosion cracking and hydrogen embrittlement in service",
      "headline": "Exceptional resistance to corrosion, stress corrosion cracking and hydrogen embrittlement, per the manufacturer.",
      "effect": "Aperam lists exceptional resistance to corrosion, stress corrosion cracking and hydrogen embrittlement among the most important properties of the alloy. The page prints no test data.",
      "rating": "low",
      "conditions": {
        "basis": "manufacturer statement, no test data printed"
      },
      "source": "aperam-phynox",
      "where": "Product text, list of complementary properties"
    },
    {
      "environment": "Air during heat treatment",
      "headline": "Discolours in air; a treatment in air leaves a yellow oxide layer with no effect on mechanical properties.",
      "effect": "Studer says the material discolours in air and that this has no effect on its mechanical properties. Its thermal treatment table says a treatment in air causes a yellow oxide layer, and it recommends vacuum or argon.",
      "rating": "low",
      "conditions": {
        "temperature": "480 to 540 C hardening",
        "basis": "qualitative statement"
      },
      "source": "studer-phynox-sba011",
      "where": "Heat treatment paragraph and Thermal treatment table footnote"
    }
  ],
  "risks": {
    "hazards": [
      {
        "text": "No Phynox or Elgiloy safety data sheet was found in this run. The hazard entries use PubChem's aggregated GHS data for cobalt metal, which is a different material, and are labelled as such. The alloy is 40 percent cobalt.",
        "ghs": [],
        "source": "pubchem-cobalt",
        "where": "Safety and Hazards, Hazards Identification, GHS Classification (signal word Danger)"
      },
      {
        "text": "Cobalt metal, PubChem aggregated GHS data from ECHA notifications, signal word Danger: H317 may cause an allergic skin reaction, H334 may cause allergy or asthma symptoms or breathing difficulties if inhaled, H341 suspected of causing genetic defects, H350 may cause cancer, H360F may damage fertility, and H413 may cause long lasting harmful effects to aquatic life.",
        "ghs": [
          "H317",
          "H334",
          "H341",
          "H350",
          "H360F",
          "H413"
        ],
        "source": "pubchem-cobalt",
        "where": "Safety and Hazards, Hazards Identification, GHS Classification (aggregated notifications without percentages, cobalt CID 104730)"
      }
    ],
    "failure_risks": [
      {
        "mode": "Hardening lost or limited after welding",
        "trigger": "Welding an already hardened part",
        "consequence": "Studer says only strain hardened material can be hardened, and welded areas should not carry major mechanical stress once the material is hardened.",
        "severity": "moderate",
        "source": "studer-phynox-sba011",
        "where": "Heat treatment paragraph and Weldability paragraph"
      }
    ],
    "side_effects": [
      {
        "text": "Heat treatment in air forms a yellow oxide layer on the surface.",
        "affects": "Surface finish; the datasheet says this does not change mechanical properties.",
        "source": "studer-phynox-sba011",
        "where": "Heat treatment paragraph and Thermal treatment table footnote"
      }
    ],
    "handling": [
      {
        "text": "Anneal at 1050 C for 0.5 h and cool rapidly in air, gas or water. Stress relief cold rolled products before machining.",
        "source": "studer-phynox-sba011",
        "where": "Thermal treatment table, row Annealing; Remarks"
      },
      {
        "text": "Harden at 480 to 540 C for 2 to 5 h, preferably under vacuum or in argon. Keep all heat treatments in a hydrogen free atmosphere.",
        "source": "studer-phynox-sba011",
        "where": "Thermal treatment table, rows Hardening and Protective atmosphere"
      },
      {
        "text": "Machining is difficult. Studer gives a cutting speed of about 20 to 40 m/min, with moderate to strong feed.",
        "source": "studer-phynox-sba011",
        "where": "Processing, Machining table"
      },
      {
        "text": "The alloy can be welded and soldered, but only strain hardened material can be hardened.",
        "source": "studer-phynox-sba011",
        "where": "Weldability paragraph"
      }
    ],
    "mitigations": [
      {
        "text": "Heat treat under vacuum or in argon, so the surface does not form the yellow oxide layer.",
        "source": "studer-phynox-sba011",
        "where": "Heat treatment paragraph"
      }
    ]
  },
  "uses": [
    {
      "application": "mechanisms",
      "device": "Helical and shaped springs",
      "example": "Aperam lists shaped springs, helical springs and printer springs among the applications. Studer names springs and axles for the watch industry.",
      "source": "aperam-phynox",
      "where": "Applications list"
    },
    {
      "application": "electronics-and-chips",
      "device": "Parts for satellite communications equipment",
      "example": "The Elgiloy strip sheet lists satellite communications equipment among its applications. It names no satellite or mission.",
      "source": "elgiloy-strip-sheet",
      "where": "Introduction paragraph, Applications sentence"
    },
    {
      "application": "mechanisms",
      "device": "Watch springs and axles",
      "example": "Studer says Phynox is a popular material for springs and axles in the watch industry.",
      "source": "studer-phynox-sba011",
      "where": "Technical main features, Properties and applications paragraph"
    }
  ],
  "supply": [
    {
      "subject": "Cobalt (40 percent nominal)",
      "producers": [
        {
          "country": "Congo (Kinshasa)",
          "share_percent": 73,
          "year": 2025
        },
        {
          "country": "Indonesia",
          "share_percent": 14,
          "year": 2025
        }
      ],
      "critical_lists": [],
      "recycling": "USGS: in 2025, cobalt content of purchased scrap represented 25 percent of estimated cobalt consumption. USGS says 51 percent of cobalt consumed in the United States went into superalloys, mainly for aircraft gas turbine engines.",
      "substitutes": [
        "USGS: depending on the application, substitution for cobalt could result in a loss in product performance or increased cost."
      ],
      "source": "usgs-mcs2026-cobalt",
      "where": "Events, Trends, and Issues (Congo 73 percent, Indonesia 14 percent); Domestic Production and Use; Recycling; Substitutes"
    },
    {
      "subject": "Chromium (20 percent nominal)",
      "producers": [
        {
          "country": "South Africa",
          "share_percent": 45.1,
          "year": 2025
        },
        {
          "country": "Turkey",
          "share_percent": 17.6,
          "year": 2025
        },
        {
          "country": "Kazakhstan",
          "share_percent": 13.7,
          "year": 2025
        },
        {
          "country": "India",
          "share_percent": 5.9,
          "year": 2025
        }
      ],
      "critical_lists": [],
      "recycling": "USGS: in 2025, recycled chromium in reported stainless steel scrap receipts accounted for 21 percent of apparent consumption.",
      "substitutes": [
        "USGS: chromium has no substitute in stainless steel, the leading end use, or in superalloys, the major strategic end use."
      ],
      "source": "usgs-mcs2026-chromium",
      "where": "World Mine Production and Reserves table, 2025e column (South Africa 23,000 t, Turkey 9,000 t, Kazakhstan 7,000 t, India 3,000 t, world total 51,000 t). Shares are calculated by Space Mushroom from those tonnages, since USGS does not print them. Recycling; Substitutes."
    },
    {
      "subject": "Molybdenum (7 percent nominal)",
      "producers": [
        {
          "country": "China",
          "share_percent": 37.3,
          "year": 2025
        },
        {
          "country": "Chile",
          "share_percent": 16.2,
          "year": 2025
        },
        {
          "country": "Peru",
          "share_percent": 15,
          "year": 2025
        },
        {
          "country": "Mexico",
          "share_percent": 6.5,
          "year": 2025
        }
      ],
      "critical_lists": [],
      "recycling": "USGS: molybdenum is recycled as a component of catalysts, ferrous scrap and superalloy scrap. The USGS summary gives no recycled share for molybdenum.",
      "substitutes": [
        "USGS: there is little substitution for molybdenum in its major application in steels and cast irons. Potential substitutes in alloy steels include boron, chromium, niobium and vanadium."
      ],
      "source": "usgs-mcs2026-molybdenum",
      "where": "Events, Trends, and Issues (China, Chile, United States, Peru and Mexico account for 90 percent of world production); World Mine Production and Reserves table, 2025e column (China 97,000 t, Chile 42,000 t, Peru 39,000 t, Mexico 17,000 t, world total 260,000 t). Shares are calculated by Space Mushroom from those tonnages. Recycling; Substitutes."
    },
    {
      "subject": "Nickel (16 percent nominal)",
      "producers": [
        {
          "country": "Indonesia",
          "share_percent": 66.7,
          "year": 2025
        },
        {
          "country": "Philippines",
          "share_percent": 6.9,
          "year": 2025
        },
        {
          "country": "Russia",
          "share_percent": 5.1,
          "year": 2025
        }
      ],
      "critical_lists": [],
      "recycling": "USGS: most secondary nickel was in the form of nickel content of stainless steel scrap, and most recycled nickel was used to make new alloys.",
      "substitutes": [
        "USGS: low-nickel, duplex or ultrahigh-chromium stainless steels have been substituted for austenitic grades in some applications. Titanium alloys can substitute for nickel-base alloys in corrosive environments."
      ],
      "source": "usgs-mcs2026-nickel",
      "where": "World Mine Production and Reserves table, 2025e column (Indonesia 2,600,000 t, Philippines 270,000 t, Russia 200,000 t, world total 3,900,000 t). Shares are calculated by Space Mushroom from those tonnages. Recycling; Substitutes. Countries with smaller shares are left out."
    }
  ],
  "media": [],
  "documents": [
    {
      "title": "Studer-Biennaform, Phynox flat wire technical data sheet SBA-011, edition 2023/10",
      "type": "datasheet",
      "url": "https://www.studersa.com/media/cms/Legierungen%20/%20Tech-Sheets/SBA%20-%20Tech%20Sheet%20/%20Werkstoffe/sba-011-tech-sheet-phynox.pdf",
      "year": 2023
    },
    {
      "title": "Elgiloy Specialty Metals, Elgiloy wire products data sheet",
      "type": "datasheet",
      "url": "https://www.combmet.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/05/Wire-Elgiloy-Alloy.pdf"
    },
    {
      "title": "Elgiloy Specialty Metals, Elgiloy strip products data sheet (dated 4/10/17)",
      "type": "datasheet",
      "url": "https://www.combmet.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/02/Strip-Elgiloy-Alloy-1.pdf",
      "year": 2017
    },
    {
      "title": "Aperam, PHYNOX product page with datasheet link",
      "type": "datasheet",
      "url": "https://www.aperam.com/product/phynox/"
    },
    {
      "title": "PubChem: Cobalt (CID 104730), GHS classification summary",
      "type": "database",
      "url": "https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/Cobalt"
    },
    {
      "title": "USGS Mineral Commodity Summaries 2026: Cobalt",
      "type": "report",
      "url": "https://pubs.usgs.gov/periodicals/mcs2026/mcs2026-cobalt.pdf",
      "year": 2026
    },
    {
      "title": "USGS Mineral Commodity Summaries 2026: Chromium",
      "type": "report",
      "url": "https://pubs.usgs.gov/periodicals/mcs2026/mcs2026-chromium.pdf",
      "year": 2026
    },
    {
      "title": "USGS Mineral Commodity Summaries 2026: Molybdenum",
      "type": "report",
      "url": "https://pubs.usgs.gov/periodicals/mcs2026/mcs2026-molybdenum.pdf",
      "year": 2026
    },
    {
      "title": "USGS Mineral Commodity Summaries 2026: Nickel",
      "type": "report",
      "url": "https://pubs.usgs.gov/periodicals/mcs2026/mcs2026-nickel.pdf",
      "year": 2026
    },
    {
      "title": "Wikipedia: Elgiloy, composition, specifications and trade names",
      "type": "database",
      "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elgiloy"
    }
  ],
  "gaps": [
    "No Phynox or Elgiloy safety data sheet was found. The hazard entries use the PubChem cobalt summary, which is for cobalt metal, not this alloy.",
    "Melting point or melting range: not printed in any source read in this run.",
    "Elongation and hardness: not printed in the Studer or Elgiloy datasheets read. The Goodfellow comparison article prints values for these, but its tables cite no source, so they were not used.",
    "Corrosion rates in mils per year or mm per year, and pitting or crevice potentials: not printed in any source read. The corrosion ratings are the assistant's grouping of the printed wording, not measured values.",
    "UNS R30008 is left out. Aperam and Studer list it with R30003, but it is a separate grade (ASTM F1058 grade 2) with its own composition, so it is not an alias.",
    "Iron: Aperam prints 15 percent as the nominal value, while Studer and the Elgiloy sheets print iron as the balance. Both are recorded in the recipe.",
    "Young's modulus at 20 C: the Studer datasheet prints 215 GPa for flat wire and the Elgiloy wire sheet prints 190 GPa for wire. Both are kept with their own source.",
    "Electrical resistivity at 20 C: Studer prints 95 uOhm.cm and the Elgiloy sheets print 99.6 uOhm.cm. Both are kept.",
    "Beryllium: the Elgiloy wire sheet gives a maximum of 0.1 percent, the strip sheet gives 0.10 percent, and the Studer table gives 0.001 percent. The values conflict, so beryllium is not listed in the recipe.",
    "Wikipedia gives an iron range of 11.3 to 20.5 percent that does not match the datasheets and is not used. Wikipedia is used for composition and trade names only.",
    "The Matthey Phynox datasheet link returned an error and was not read. The Springer article on Elgiloy corrosion is behind a paywall and was not read.",
    "The ASTM F1058 text itself was not read. The standard is cited only as a specification listed in the datasheets.",
    "No ASTM, AMS or EN standard gives per-grade composition limits in the sources read beyond the datasheet ranges.",
    "Critical-mineral list status for cobalt, chromium, molybdenum and nickel is not printed in the USGS text read, so critical_lists is empty.",
    "No flight, spacecraft or launch-vehicle record, and no radiation, outgassing, atomic oxygen or vacuum data, was found in any source read in this run.",
    "No image with a checked licence was opened, so the profile has no media entry."
  ],
  "story": {
    "why": "Phynox is a non-magnetic cobalt alloy that the manufacturers describe as strong, tough and corrosion resistant. Aperam says cold rolled strip reaches up to 2500 MPa and that cold work alone can give more than 1800 MPa yield strength. The listed uses are springs, diaphragms, electrical apparatus, aerospace equipment, surgical implants and pacemaker electrodes. The sources read here give no spacecraft flight record.",
    "uses": [
      {
        "where": "Springs",
        "line": "Aperam lists helical, shaped and printer springs among the applications."
      },
      {
        "where": "Satellite communications equipment",
        "line": "The Elgiloy strip sheet lists satellite communications equipment among its applications, without naming a mission."
      },
      {
        "where": "Watch springs and axles",
        "line": "Studer says Phynox is a popular material for springs and axles in the watch industry."
      }
    ],
    "can_do": [
      {
        "label": "Strength in cold rolled strip",
        "line": "Aperam gives up to 2500 MPa for cold rolled strip in the fully hardened condition.",
        "benchmark": "ultimate_tensile_strength",
        "scope": "material",
        "value": "2500 MPa"
      },
      {
        "label": "Stiffness in the wire sheet",
        "line": "The Elgiloy wire sheet gives 190 GPa at 20 C. Studer gives 215 GPa for flat wire at the same temperature.",
        "benchmark": "elastic_modulus",
        "scope": "material",
        "value": "190 GPa"
      },
      {
        "label": "Operating range",
        "line": "Both Elgiloy sheets give a suggested operating range of -300 to 850 F (-184 to 454 C) for all listed tempers.",
        "benchmark": "max_service_temp",
        "scope": "material",
        "value": "-184 to 454 C"
      }
    ],
    "compare": "Phynox and Elgiloy are the same alloy under two trade names. In the Elgiloy wire sheet the annealed tensile range is 120 to 150 ksi, and the spring temper and aged range is 260 to 330 ksi. The Elgiloy strip sheet gives up to 380 ksi for spring temper strip that is aged. The sheets come from one manufacturer, and the datasheet values are typical, not minimums, so read them as examples, not a ranking against other alloys.",
    "compare_rows": [
      {
        "label": "Density",
        "benchmark": "density",
        "scope": "material"
      },
      {
        "label": "Thermal conductivity",
        "benchmark": "thermal_conductivity",
        "scope": "material"
      },
      {
        "label": "Thermal expansion",
        "benchmark": "cte",
        "scope": "material"
      }
    ],
    "handling": [
      "Anneal at 1050 C for 0.5 h, then harden at 480 to 540 C for 2 to 5 h under vacuum or argon.",
      "Welding and soldering are possible, but welded areas should not carry major stress after hardening.",
      "Machining is difficult, so use slow speeds and stress relieve cold rolled products before machining."
    ],
    "good_for": [
      "Springs and diaphragms: up to 2500 MPa in cold rolled strip, per Aperam.",
      "Non-magnetic parts: Studer says the alloy can be considered non-magnetic over the whole temperature range.",
      "Seawater and sour wells: the Elgiloy sheets say it is virtually immune to crevice and pitting attack in seawater and highly resistant to sulfide stress cracking."
    ],
    "watch_out": [
      "Heat treatment in air: the surface forms a yellow oxide layer.",
      "No measured corrosion rates: the corrosion ratings rest on qualitative statements.",
      "Conflicting values: modulus and resistivity differ between the Studer and Elgiloy sheets.",
      "No Phynox-specific SDS, no flight record and no measured elongation or hardness were found in this run."
    ],
    "verdict": "Phynox is a strong, non-magnetic cobalt-base spring alloy, and the manufacturers' data support its use in springs, diaphragms and thin strip. The sources read here give qualitative corrosion resistance, no measured corrosion rates and no spacecraft flight record.",
    "recipe": {
      "line": "Phynox is a cobalt-base austenitic alloy of cobalt, chromium, nickel, molybdenum and iron, with manganese and a little carbon. Aperam gives the nominal composition as Co 40, Cr 20, Ni 16, Fe 15 and Mo 7 (weight percent). Studer describes the product as annealed at 1050 C and then cold worked and age hardened at 480 to 540 C for 2 to 5 h under vacuum or argon. The sources read here do not describe how the alloy is melted.",
      "parts": [
        {
          "name": "Cobalt",
          "symbol": "Co",
          "role": "Main element. Aperam gives 40 percent as the nominal value, and Studer says the alloy contains 40 percent cobalt.",
          "share_percent": 40
        },
        {
          "name": "Chromium",
          "symbol": "Cr",
          "role": "Major element for corrosion resistance. The sources give it no separate role.",
          "share_percent": 20
        },
        {
          "name": "Nickel",
          "symbol": "Ni",
          "role": "Austenite former. Studer gives 16 percent; the Elgiloy sheets give a range of 14 to 18 percent.",
          "share_percent": 16
        },
        {
          "name": "Molybdenum",
          "symbol": "Mo",
          "role": "Alloying element. Studer gives 7 percent; the Elgiloy sheets give a range of 6 to 8 percent.",
          "share_percent": 7
        },
        {
          "name": "Iron",
          "symbol": "Fe",
          "role": "Nominal value from Aperam. Studer and the Elgiloy sheets list iron as the balance.",
          "share_percent": 15
        },
        {
          "name": "Manganese",
          "symbol": "Mn",
          "role": "Alloying element. The Elgiloy strip sheet prints a range only, and no nominal value is printed."
        },
        {
          "name": "Carbon",
          "symbol": "C",
          "role": "Minor element. The Elgiloy sheets print a maximum only."
        }
      ]
    },
    "risk_groups": [
      {
        "title": "For people",
        "lead": "No Phynox safety data sheet was found. The hazard data here are PubChem's cobalt summary, so they describe cobalt metal rather than this alloy.",
        "points": [
          {
            "label": "Sensitisation",
            "line": "PubChem's aggregated cobalt data lists H317 and H334, which mean an allergic skin reaction and allergy or breathing difficulties if inhaled."
          },
          {
            "label": "Carcinogenicity and fertility",
            "line": "The same summary lists H350 (may cause cancer), H360F (may damage fertility) and H341 (suspected of causing genetic defects)."
          },
          {
            "label": "Dust and fume",
            "line": "No Phynox-specific fume statement was in the sources read. Studer says machining is difficult and slow."
          }
        ],
        "level": 1,
        "verdict": "Unverified for this alloy"
      },
      {
        "title": "If it fails",
        "lead": "The failure routes in the sources are about welding after hardening and about reheating. The sources report no service failure in space.",
        "points": [
          {
            "label": "Welding after hardening",
            "line": "Only strain hardened material can be hardened, so welded areas should not carry major stress after hardening."
          },
          {
            "label": "Corrosion",
            "line": "The sources give qualitative corrosion resistance only, with no measured rate in seawater, acid or sour service."
          }
        ]
      },
      {
        "title": "Handling and storage",
        "points": [
          {
            "label": "Heat treatment",
            "line": "Anneal at 1050 C for 0.5 h, then harden at 480 to 540 C for 2 to 5 h, preferably under vacuum or argon."
          },
          {
            "label": "Stress relief",
            "line": "Stress relieve cold rolled products before machining."
          },
          {
            "label": "Machining",
            "line": "Machining is difficult. Use slow cutting speeds of about 20 to 40 m/min and moderate to strong feeds."
          }
        ]
      }
    ]
  },
  "updated": "2026-10-26",
  "review": {
    "status": "draft",
    "method": "assistant",
    "checked_values": 22,
    "unreachable": 2,
    "caveats": 4,
    "note": "Values were read by an AI assistant on 2026-10-26 from the Studer SBA-011 datasheet, the Elgiloy wire and strip data sheets, the Aperam PHYNOX page, Wikipedia, PubChem and USGS MCS 2026. Caveats: the Studer and Elgiloy modulus and resistivity values differ and both are recorded; the hazard data are for cobalt metal; the corrosion ratings are assistant groupings of qualitative wording; the Matthey datasheet link was unreachable."
  },
  "sources": {
    "studer-phynox-sba011": {
      "title": "Studer-Biennaform (Notz Metal), Phynox flat wire technical data sheet, material 2.4711, SBA-011",
      "id": "edition 2023/10, printed on the sheet",
      "url": "https://www.studersa.com/media/cms/Legierungen%20/%20Tech-Sheets/SBA%20-%20Tech%20Sheet%20/%20Werkstoffe/sba-011-tech-sheet-phynox.pdf",
      "year": 2023,
      "kind": "datasheet",
      "license": "Manufacturer technical data sheet, informative only (cited, not reproduced)"
    },
    "elgiloy-wire-sheet": {
      "title": "Elgiloy Specialty Metals, Specialty Metals Wire Products, Elgiloy (UNS R30003, W.Nr 2.4711)",
      "url": "https://www.combmet.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/05/Wire-Elgiloy-Alloy.pdf",
      "kind": "datasheet",
      "license": "Manufacturer data sheet (cited, not reproduced)"
    },
    "elgiloy-strip-sheet": {
      "title": "Elgiloy Specialty Metals, Specialty Metals Strip Products, Elgiloy (UNS R30003, W.Nr 2.4711)",
      "id": "sheet dated 4/10/17",
      "url": "https://www.combmet.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/02/Strip-Elgiloy-Alloy-1.pdf",
      "year": 2017,
      "kind": "datasheet",
      "license": "Manufacturer data sheet (cited, not reproduced)"
    },
    "aperam-phynox": {
      "title": "Aperam, PHYNOX product page (grade data, composition, applications)",
      "url": "https://www.aperam.com/product/phynox/",
      "kind": "web",
      "license": "Manufacturer web page (cited, not reproduced)"
    },
    "wiki-elgiloy": {
      "title": "Elgiloy, Wikipedia",
      "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elgiloy",
      "kind": "database",
      "license": "CC BY-SA (cited, not reproduced); used for composition ranges, specifications and trade names only"
    },
    "pubchem-cobalt": {
      "title": "PubChem, Cobalt (CID 104730), GHS classification (aggregated ECHA notifications)",
      "url": "https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/Cobalt",
      "kind": "database",
      "license": "PubChem, public domain (cited, not reproduced)"
    },
    "usgs-mcs2026-cobalt": {
      "title": "Mineral Commodity Summaries 2026: Cobalt (U.S. Geological Survey)",
      "url": "https://pubs.usgs.gov/periodicals/mcs2026/mcs2026-cobalt.pdf",
      "year": 2026,
      "kind": "report",
      "license": "public domain (USGS)"
    },
    "usgs-mcs2026-chromium": {
      "title": "Mineral Commodity Summaries 2026: Chromium (U.S. Geological Survey)",
      "url": "https://pubs.usgs.gov/periodicals/mcs2026/mcs2026-chromium.pdf",
      "year": 2026,
      "kind": "report",
      "license": "public domain (USGS)"
    },
    "usgs-mcs2026-molybdenum": {
      "title": "Mineral Commodity Summaries 2026: Molybdenum (U.S. Geological Survey)",
      "url": "https://pubs.usgs.gov/periodicals/mcs2026/mcs2026-molybdenum.pdf",
      "year": 2026,
      "kind": "report",
      "license": "public domain (USGS)"
    },
    "usgs-mcs2026-nickel": {
      "title": "Mineral Commodity Summaries 2026: Nickel (U.S. Geological Survey)",
      "url": "https://pubs.usgs.gov/periodicals/mcs2026/mcs2026-nickel.pdf",
      "year": 2026,
      "kind": "report",
      "license": "public domain (USGS)"
    }
  },
  "license": "CC-BY-4.0",
  "url": "https://spacemushroom.com/profiles/phynox/"
}