{
  "spore": "profile",
  "id": "pbt-gf30",
  "spore_version": "0.2",
  "family": "polyesters",
  "name": "Polybutylene terephthalate, 30% glass fibre reinforced (PBT-GF30)",
  "abbreviation": "PBT-GF30",
  "role": "Glass-fibre-filled polyester for stiff, dimensionally stable moulded and machined parts",
  "category": "composites",
  "type": "glass-fiber-reinforced",
  "summary": "Polybutylene terephthalate reinforced with 30% glass fibre (PBT-GF30) is a stiff, dimensionally stable polyester for moulded electrical and precision parts. Ensinger's TECADUR PBT GF30 natural prints a tensile modulus of 3400 MPa, and Akro's PRECITE P3 GF 30 natural (6850) prints 10000 MPa, so the two datasheets disagree for the same nominal filler content. Melting temperatures are printed as 224 °C (Ensinger), 225 °C (Akro) and 220 to 230 °C (tbgroup safety information).",
  "best_for": "Stiff, dimensionally stable moulded and machined parts for electrical and precision uses that stay dry: Akro prints a flexural modulus of 10500 MPa and a heat deflection temperature of 205 °C at 1.8 MPa",
  "weakest_at": "Heat and water: Borges et al. 2021 measured 44 MPa tensile strength at 130 °C on specimens dry as supplied, and an equilibrium water uptake of 0.56 % at 130 °C",
  "identity": {
    "formula": "(C12H12O4)n repeat unit for the polybutylene terephthalate matrix, filled with 30% glass fibre by weight",
    "cas": "24968-12-5",
    "designations": [
      {
        "system": "Trade name",
        "code": "TECADUR PBT GF30 natural",
        "source": "ensinger-pbt-gf30",
        "where": "Grade name heading"
      },
      {
        "system": "Trade name",
        "code": "TECADUR PBT GF30",
        "source": "ensinger-pbt-gf30",
        "where": "Trade name line"
      },
      {
        "system": "Trade name",
        "code": "PRECITE® P3 GF 30 natural",
        "source": "akro-precite-p3-gf30",
        "where": "Product name heading"
      },
      {
        "system": "Trade name",
        "code": "PBT GF30",
        "source": "akro-precite-p3-gf30",
        "where": "Designations line"
      }
    ],
    "source": "wikipedia-pbt",
    "where": "Chemical description (repeat unit C12H12O4 and CAS number for PBT); 30% glass fibre from the Ensinger product description. The CAS number is for PBT and no CAS number is printed for the filled grade."
  },
  "tags": {
    "environments": [],
    "stresses": [
      "moisture",
      "heat"
    ],
    "applications": [
      "electronics-and-chips",
      "structures"
    ]
  },
  "properties": [
    {
      "benchmark": "elastic_modulus",
      "label": "Modulus of elasticity, tensile test (Ensinger)",
      "value": 3400,
      "bound": "exact",
      "unit": "MPa",
      "scope": "material",
      "conditions": {
        "grade": "TECADUR PBT GF30 natural",
        "test_speed": "1 mm/min",
        "standard": "DIN EN ISO 527-2"
      },
      "method": "Typical value printed on the manufacturer product page",
      "status": "ground",
      "source": "ensinger-pbt-gf30",
      "where": "Property table, Modulus of elasticity (tensile test) row",
      "source_detail": {
        "title": "TECADUR PBT GF30 natural, Ensinger product page (typical values)",
        "id": "Product page, property table, Facts section (density)",
        "url": "https://www.ensingerplastics.com/en/shapes/tecadur-pbt-gf30-natural",
        "kind": "datasheet",
        "license": "manufacturer web page, linked not reproduced"
      }
    },
    {
      "benchmark": "yield_strength",
      "label": "Tensile strength at yield (Ensinger)",
      "value": 46,
      "bound": "exact",
      "unit": "MPa",
      "scope": "material",
      "conditions": {
        "grade": "TECADUR PBT GF30 natural",
        "test_speed": "50 mm/min",
        "standard": "DIN EN ISO 527-2"
      },
      "method": "Typical value printed on the manufacturer product page",
      "status": "ground",
      "source": "ensinger-pbt-gf30",
      "where": "Property table, Tensile strength at yield row",
      "source_detail": {
        "title": "TECADUR PBT GF30 natural, Ensinger product page (typical values)",
        "id": "Product page, property table, Facts section (density)",
        "url": "https://www.ensingerplastics.com/en/shapes/tecadur-pbt-gf30-natural",
        "kind": "datasheet",
        "license": "manufacturer web page, linked not reproduced"
      }
    },
    {
      "benchmark": "elongation",
      "label": "Elongation at yield (Ensinger)",
      "value": 5,
      "bound": "exact",
      "unit": "%",
      "scope": "material",
      "conditions": {
        "grade": "TECADUR PBT GF30 natural",
        "test_speed": "50 mm/min",
        "standard": "DIN EN ISO 527-2",
        "point": "at yield"
      },
      "method": "Typical value printed on the manufacturer product page",
      "status": "ground",
      "source": "ensinger-pbt-gf30",
      "where": "Property table, Elongation at yield (tensile test) row",
      "source_detail": {
        "title": "TECADUR PBT GF30 natural, Ensinger product page (typical values)",
        "id": "Product page, property table, Facts section (density)",
        "url": "https://www.ensingerplastics.com/en/shapes/tecadur-pbt-gf30-natural",
        "kind": "datasheet",
        "license": "manufacturer web page, linked not reproduced"
      }
    },
    {
      "benchmark": "elongation",
      "label": "Elongation at break (Ensinger)",
      "value": 6,
      "bound": "exact",
      "unit": "%",
      "scope": "material",
      "conditions": {
        "grade": "TECADUR PBT GF30 natural",
        "test_speed": "50 mm/min",
        "standard": "DIN EN ISO 527-2",
        "point": "at break"
      },
      "method": "Typical value printed on the manufacturer product page",
      "status": "ground",
      "source": "ensinger-pbt-gf30",
      "where": "Property table, Elongation at break (tensile test) row",
      "source_detail": {
        "title": "TECADUR PBT GF30 natural, Ensinger product page (typical values)",
        "id": "Product page, property table, Facts section (density)",
        "url": "https://www.ensingerplastics.com/en/shapes/tecadur-pbt-gf30-natural",
        "kind": "datasheet",
        "license": "manufacturer web page, linked not reproduced"
      }
    },
    {
      "benchmark": "flexural_strength",
      "label": "Flexural strength (Ensinger)",
      "value": 78,
      "bound": "exact",
      "unit": "MPa",
      "scope": "material",
      "conditions": {
        "grade": "TECADUR PBT GF30 natural",
        "test_speed": "2 mm/min",
        "load": "10 N",
        "standard": "DIN EN ISO 178"
      },
      "method": "Typical value printed on the manufacturer product page",
      "status": "ground",
      "source": "ensinger-pbt-gf30",
      "where": "Property table, Flexural strength row",
      "source_detail": {
        "title": "TECADUR PBT GF30 natural, Ensinger product page (typical values)",
        "id": "Product page, property table, Facts section (density)",
        "url": "https://www.ensingerplastics.com/en/shapes/tecadur-pbt-gf30-natural",
        "kind": "datasheet",
        "license": "manufacturer web page, linked not reproduced"
      }
    },
    {
      "benchmark": "flexural_modulus",
      "label": "Modulus of elasticity, flexural test (Ensinger)",
      "value": 3400,
      "bound": "exact",
      "unit": "MPa",
      "scope": "material",
      "conditions": {
        "grade": "TECADUR PBT GF30 natural",
        "test_speed": "2 mm/min",
        "load": "10 N",
        "standard": "DIN EN ISO 178"
      },
      "method": "Typical value printed on the manufacturer product page",
      "status": "ground",
      "source": "ensinger-pbt-gf30",
      "where": "Property table, Modulus of elasticity (flexural test) row",
      "source_detail": {
        "title": "TECADUR PBT GF30 natural, Ensinger product page (typical values)",
        "id": "Product page, property table, Facts section (density)",
        "url": "https://www.ensingerplastics.com/en/shapes/tecadur-pbt-gf30-natural",
        "kind": "datasheet",
        "license": "manufacturer web page, linked not reproduced"
      }
    },
    {
      "benchmark": "compression_modulus",
      "label": "Compression modulus (Ensinger)",
      "value": 2800,
      "bound": "exact",
      "unit": "MPa",
      "scope": "material",
      "conditions": {
        "grade": "TECADUR PBT GF30 natural",
        "test_speed": "5 mm/min",
        "load": "10 N",
        "standard": "EN ISO 604"
      },
      "method": "Typical value printed on the manufacturer product page",
      "status": "ground",
      "source": "ensinger-pbt-gf30",
      "where": "Property table, Compression modulus row",
      "source_detail": {
        "title": "TECADUR PBT GF30 natural, Ensinger product page (typical values)",
        "id": "Product page, property table, Facts section (density)",
        "url": "https://www.ensingerplastics.com/en/shapes/tecadur-pbt-gf30-natural",
        "kind": "datasheet",
        "license": "manufacturer web page, linked not reproduced"
      }
    },
    {
      "benchmark": "charpy_impact_strength",
      "label": "Charpy impact strength (Ensinger)",
      "value": 37,
      "bound": "exact",
      "unit": "kJ/m2",
      "scope": "material",
      "conditions": {
        "grade": "TECADUR PBT GF30 natural",
        "standard": "DIN EN ISO 179-1eU",
        "notch": "unnotched (eU)",
        "note_printed": "max. 7,5J"
      },
      "method": "Typical value printed on the manufacturer product page",
      "status": "ground",
      "source": "ensinger-pbt-gf30",
      "where": "Property table, Impact strength (Charpy) row",
      "source_detail": {
        "title": "TECADUR PBT GF30 natural, Ensinger product page (typical values)",
        "id": "Product page, property table, Facts section (density)",
        "url": "https://www.ensingerplastics.com/en/shapes/tecadur-pbt-gf30-natural",
        "kind": "datasheet",
        "license": "manufacturer web page, linked not reproduced"
      }
    },
    {
      "benchmark": "melting_point",
      "label": "Melting temperature (Ensinger)",
      "value": 224,
      "bound": "exact",
      "unit": "C",
      "scope": "material",
      "conditions": {
        "grade": "TECADUR PBT GF30 natural",
        "standard": "DIN EN ISO 11357",
        "unit_as_printed": "C"
      },
      "method": "Typical value printed on the manufacturer product page",
      "status": "ground",
      "source": "ensinger-pbt-gf30",
      "where": "Property table, Melting temperature row",
      "source_detail": {
        "title": "TECADUR PBT GF30 natural, Ensinger product page (typical values)",
        "id": "Product page, property table, Facts section (density)",
        "url": "https://www.ensingerplastics.com/en/shapes/tecadur-pbt-gf30-natural",
        "kind": "datasheet",
        "license": "manufacturer web page, linked not reproduced"
      }
    },
    {
      "benchmark": "thermal_conductivity",
      "label": "Thermal conductivity (Ensinger)",
      "value": 0.33,
      "bound": "exact",
      "unit": "W/(k*m)",
      "scope": "material",
      "conditions": {
        "grade": "TECADUR PBT GF30 natural",
        "unit_as_printed": "W/(k*m)"
      },
      "method": "Typical value printed on the manufacturer product page; the page cites ISO 22007-4:2008 as the method",
      "status": "ground",
      "source": "ensinger-pbt-gf30",
      "where": "Property table, Thermal conductivity row",
      "source_detail": {
        "title": "TECADUR PBT GF30 natural, Ensinger product page (typical values)",
        "id": "Product page, property table, Facts section (density)",
        "url": "https://www.ensingerplastics.com/en/shapes/tecadur-pbt-gf30-natural",
        "kind": "datasheet",
        "license": "manufacturer web page, linked not reproduced"
      }
    },
    {
      "benchmark": "specific_heat",
      "label": "Specific heat (Ensinger)",
      "value": 1.2,
      "bound": "exact",
      "unit": "J/(g*K)",
      "scope": "material",
      "conditions": {
        "grade": "TECADUR PBT GF30 natural",
        "unit_as_printed": "J/(g*K)"
      },
      "method": "Typical value printed on the manufacturer product page; the page cites ISO 22007-4:2008 as the method",
      "status": "ground",
      "source": "ensinger-pbt-gf30",
      "where": "Property table, Specific heat row",
      "source_detail": {
        "title": "TECADUR PBT GF30 natural, Ensinger product page (typical values)",
        "id": "Product page, property table, Facts section (density)",
        "url": "https://www.ensingerplastics.com/en/shapes/tecadur-pbt-gf30-natural",
        "kind": "datasheet",
        "license": "manufacturer web page, linked not reproduced"
      }
    },
    {
      "benchmark": "max_service_temp",
      "label": "Service temperature, short term (Ensinger)",
      "value": 200,
      "bound": "exact",
      "unit": "°C",
      "scope": "material",
      "conditions": {
        "grade": "TECADUR PBT GF30 natural",
        "duration": "short term"
      },
      "method": "Typical value printed on the manufacturer product page; the page gives no test standard",
      "status": "ground",
      "source": "ensinger-pbt-gf30",
      "where": "Property table, Service temperature row (short term)",
      "source_detail": {
        "title": "TECADUR PBT GF30 natural, Ensinger product page (typical values)",
        "id": "Product page, property table, Facts section (density)",
        "url": "https://www.ensingerplastics.com/en/shapes/tecadur-pbt-gf30-natural",
        "kind": "datasheet",
        "license": "manufacturer web page, linked not reproduced"
      }
    },
    {
      "benchmark": "max_service_temp",
      "label": "Service temperature, long term (Ensinger)",
      "value": 110,
      "bound": "exact",
      "unit": "°C",
      "scope": "material",
      "conditions": {
        "grade": "TECADUR PBT GF30 natural",
        "duration": "long term"
      },
      "method": "Typical value printed on the manufacturer product page; the page gives no test standard",
      "status": "ground",
      "source": "ensinger-pbt-gf30",
      "where": "Property table, Service temperature row (long term)",
      "source_detail": {
        "title": "TECADUR PBT GF30 natural, Ensinger product page (typical values)",
        "id": "Product page, property table, Facts section (density)",
        "url": "https://www.ensingerplastics.com/en/shapes/tecadur-pbt-gf30-natural",
        "kind": "datasheet",
        "license": "manufacturer web page, linked not reproduced"
      }
    },
    {
      "benchmark": "density",
      "label": "Density (Ensinger)",
      "value": 1.46,
      "bound": "exact",
      "unit": "g/cm3",
      "scope": "material",
      "conditions": {
        "grade": "TECADUR PBT GF30 natural",
        "temperature": "not printed"
      },
      "method": "Value printed in the Facts section of the manufacturer product page; no test standard printed",
      "status": "ground",
      "source": "ensinger-pbt-gf30",
      "where": "Facts section, Density",
      "source_detail": {
        "title": "TECADUR PBT GF30 natural, Ensinger product page (typical values)",
        "id": "Product page, property table, Facts section (density)",
        "url": "https://www.ensingerplastics.com/en/shapes/tecadur-pbt-gf30-natural",
        "kind": "datasheet",
        "license": "manufacturer web page, linked not reproduced"
      }
    },
    {
      "benchmark": "moisture_absorption",
      "label": "Water absorption after 24 h (Ensinger)",
      "value": 0.02,
      "bound": "exact",
      "unit": "%",
      "scope": "material",
      "conditions": {
        "grade": "TECADUR PBT GF30 natural",
        "time": "24 h",
        "temperature": "23 °C"
      },
      "method": "Typical value printed on the manufacturer product page; standard DIN EN ISO 62 printed",
      "status": "ground",
      "source": "ensinger-pbt-gf30",
      "where": "Property table, Water absorption row (24h)",
      "source_detail": {
        "title": "TECADUR PBT GF30 natural, Ensinger product page (typical values)",
        "id": "Product page, property table, Facts section (density)",
        "url": "https://www.ensingerplastics.com/en/shapes/tecadur-pbt-gf30-natural",
        "kind": "datasheet",
        "license": "manufacturer web page, linked not reproduced"
      }
    },
    {
      "benchmark": "moisture_absorption",
      "label": "Water absorption after 96 h (Ensinger)",
      "value": 0.04,
      "bound": "exact",
      "unit": "%",
      "scope": "material",
      "conditions": {
        "grade": "TECADUR PBT GF30 natural",
        "time": "96 h",
        "temperature": "23 °C"
      },
      "method": "Typical value printed on the manufacturer product page; standard DIN EN ISO 62 printed",
      "status": "ground",
      "source": "ensinger-pbt-gf30",
      "where": "Property table, Water absorption row (96h)",
      "source_detail": {
        "title": "TECADUR PBT GF30 natural, Ensinger product page (typical values)",
        "id": "Product page, property table, Facts section (density)",
        "url": "https://www.ensingerplastics.com/en/shapes/tecadur-pbt-gf30-natural",
        "kind": "datasheet",
        "license": "manufacturer web page, linked not reproduced"
      }
    },
    {
      "benchmark": "elastic_modulus",
      "label": "Tensile modulus (Akro)",
      "value": 10000,
      "bound": "exact",
      "unit": "MPa",
      "scope": "material",
      "conditions": {
        "grade": "PRECITE P3 GF 30 natural (6850)",
        "test_speed": "1 mm/min",
        "condition_printed": "d.a.m.",
        "standard": "ISO 527-2"
      },
      "method": "Typical value printed on the manufacturer product page",
      "status": "ground",
      "source": "akro-precite-p3-gf30",
      "where": "Property table, Tensile modulus row",
      "source_detail": {
        "title": "PRECITE P3 GF 30 natural (6850), Akro product page (typical values)",
        "id": "Product page, property table and product description",
        "url": "https://akro-plastic.com/en/product/precite-p3-gf-30-natural-6850-en",
        "kind": "datasheet",
        "license": "manufacturer web page, linked not reproduced"
      }
    },
    {
      "benchmark": "ultimate_tensile_strength",
      "label": "Tensile stress at break (Akro)",
      "value": 145,
      "bound": "exact",
      "unit": "MPa",
      "scope": "material",
      "conditions": {
        "grade": "PRECITE P3 GF 30 natural (6850)",
        "test_speed": "5 mm/min",
        "condition_printed": "d.a.m.",
        "standard": "ISO 527-2"
      },
      "method": "Typical value printed on the manufacturer product page",
      "status": "ground",
      "source": "akro-precite-p3-gf30",
      "where": "Property table, Tensile stress at break row",
      "source_detail": {
        "title": "PRECITE P3 GF 30 natural (6850), Akro product page (typical values)",
        "id": "Product page, property table and product description",
        "url": "https://akro-plastic.com/en/product/precite-p3-gf-30-natural-6850-en",
        "kind": "datasheet",
        "license": "manufacturer web page, linked not reproduced"
      }
    },
    {
      "benchmark": "elongation",
      "label": "Tensile strain at break (Akro)",
      "value": 3,
      "bound": "exact",
      "unit": "%",
      "scope": "material",
      "conditions": {
        "grade": "PRECITE P3 GF 30 natural (6850)",
        "test_speed": "5 mm/min",
        "condition_printed": "d.a.m.",
        "standard": "ISO 527-2",
        "point": "at break"
      },
      "method": "Typical value printed on the manufacturer product page",
      "status": "ground",
      "source": "akro-precite-p3-gf30",
      "where": "Property table, Tensile strain at break row",
      "source_detail": {
        "title": "PRECITE P3 GF 30 natural (6850), Akro product page (typical values)",
        "id": "Product page, property table and product description",
        "url": "https://akro-plastic.com/en/product/precite-p3-gf-30-natural-6850-en",
        "kind": "datasheet",
        "license": "manufacturer web page, linked not reproduced"
      }
    },
    {
      "benchmark": "flexural_modulus",
      "label": "Flexural modulus (Akro)",
      "value": 10500,
      "bound": "exact",
      "unit": "MPa",
      "scope": "material",
      "conditions": {
        "grade": "PRECITE P3 GF 30 natural (6850)",
        "test_speed": "2 mm/min",
        "condition_printed": "d.a.m.",
        "standard": "ISO 178"
      },
      "method": "Typical value printed on the manufacturer product page",
      "status": "ground",
      "source": "akro-precite-p3-gf30",
      "where": "Property table, Flexural modulus row",
      "source_detail": {
        "title": "PRECITE P3 GF 30 natural (6850), Akro product page (typical values)",
        "id": "Product page, property table and product description",
        "url": "https://akro-plastic.com/en/product/precite-p3-gf-30-natural-6850-en",
        "kind": "datasheet",
        "license": "manufacturer web page, linked not reproduced"
      }
    },
    {
      "benchmark": "flexural_strength",
      "label": "Flexural strength (Akro)",
      "value": 230,
      "bound": "exact",
      "unit": "MPa",
      "scope": "material",
      "conditions": {
        "grade": "PRECITE P3 GF 30 natural (6850)",
        "test_speed": "2 mm/min",
        "condition_printed": "d.a.m.",
        "standard": "ISO 178"
      },
      "method": "Typical value printed on the manufacturer product page",
      "status": "ground",
      "source": "akro-precite-p3-gf30",
      "where": "Property table, Flexural strength row",
      "source_detail": {
        "title": "PRECITE P3 GF 30 natural (6850), Akro product page (typical values)",
        "id": "Product page, property table and product description",
        "url": "https://akro-plastic.com/en/product/precite-p3-gf-30-natural-6850-en",
        "kind": "datasheet",
        "license": "manufacturer web page, linked not reproduced"
      }
    },
    {
      "benchmark": "charpy_impact_strength",
      "label": "Charpy impact strength (Akro)",
      "value": 65,
      "bound": "exact",
      "unit": "kJ/m2",
      "scope": "material",
      "conditions": {
        "grade": "PRECITE P3 GF 30 natural (6850)",
        "standard": "ISO 179-1/1eU",
        "temperature": "23 °C",
        "condition_printed": "d.a.m."
      },
      "method": "Typical value printed on the manufacturer product page",
      "status": "ground",
      "source": "akro-precite-p3-gf30",
      "where": "Property table, Charpy impact strength row",
      "source_detail": {
        "title": "PRECITE P3 GF 30 natural (6850), Akro product page (typical values)",
        "id": "Product page, property table and product description",
        "url": "https://akro-plastic.com/en/product/precite-p3-gf-30-natural-6850-en",
        "kind": "datasheet",
        "license": "manufacturer web page, linked not reproduced"
      }
    },
    {
      "benchmark": "charpy_notched_impact_strength",
      "label": "Charpy notched impact strength (Akro)",
      "value": 11,
      "bound": "exact",
      "unit": "kJ/m2",
      "scope": "material",
      "conditions": {
        "grade": "PRECITE P3 GF 30 natural (6850)",
        "standard": "ISO 179-1/1eA",
        "temperature": "23 °C",
        "condition_printed": "d.a.m."
      },
      "method": "Typical value printed on the manufacturer product page",
      "status": "ground",
      "source": "akro-precite-p3-gf30",
      "where": "Property table, Charpy notched impact strength row",
      "source_detail": {
        "title": "PRECITE P3 GF 30 natural (6850), Akro product page (typical values)",
        "id": "Product page, property table and product description",
        "url": "https://akro-plastic.com/en/product/precite-p3-gf-30-natural-6850-en",
        "kind": "datasheet",
        "license": "manufacturer web page, linked not reproduced"
      }
    },
    {
      "benchmark": "heat_deflection_temperature",
      "label": "Heat deflection temperature, HDT/A (Akro)",
      "value": 205,
      "bound": "exact",
      "unit": "°C",
      "scope": "material",
      "conditions": {
        "grade": "PRECITE P3 GF 30 natural (6850)",
        "load": "1.8 MPa",
        "standard": "ISO 75 (HDT/A)"
      },
      "method": "Typical value printed on the manufacturer product page",
      "status": "ground",
      "source": "akro-precite-p3-gf30",
      "where": "Property table, Temperature of deflection under load HDT/A row",
      "source_detail": {
        "title": "PRECITE P3 GF 30 natural (6850), Akro product page (typical values)",
        "id": "Product page, property table and product description",
        "url": "https://akro-plastic.com/en/product/precite-p3-gf-30-natural-6850-en",
        "kind": "datasheet",
        "license": "manufacturer web page, linked not reproduced"
      }
    },
    {
      "benchmark": "melting_point",
      "label": "Melting temperature (Akro)",
      "value": 225,
      "bound": "exact",
      "unit": "°C",
      "scope": "material",
      "conditions": {
        "grade": "PRECITE P3 GF 30 natural (6850)",
        "standard": "ISO 11357-3",
        "method_printed": "DSC, 10 K/min"
      },
      "method": "Typical value printed on the manufacturer product page",
      "status": "ground",
      "source": "akro-precite-p3-gf30",
      "where": "Property table, Melting temperature row",
      "source_detail": {
        "title": "PRECITE P3 GF 30 natural (6850), Akro product page (typical values)",
        "id": "Product page, property table and product description",
        "url": "https://akro-plastic.com/en/product/precite-p3-gf-30-natural-6850-en",
        "kind": "datasheet",
        "license": "manufacturer web page, linked not reproduced"
      }
    },
    {
      "benchmark": "density",
      "label": "Density (Akro)",
      "value": 1.53,
      "bound": "exact",
      "unit": "g/cm³",
      "scope": "material",
      "conditions": {
        "grade": "PRECITE P3 GF 30 natural (6850)",
        "standard": "ISO 1183",
        "temperature": "23 °C",
        "printed_form": "1,53 g/cm³"
      },
      "method": "Typical value printed on the manufacturer product page, with the ISO 1183 standard printed",
      "status": "ground",
      "source": "akro-precite-p3-gf30",
      "where": "Property table, Density row",
      "source_detail": {
        "title": "PRECITE P3 GF 30 natural (6850), Akro product page (typical values)",
        "id": "Product page, property table and product description",
        "url": "https://akro-plastic.com/en/product/precite-p3-gf-30-natural-6850-en",
        "kind": "datasheet",
        "license": "manufacturer web page, linked not reproduced"
      }
    },
    {
      "benchmark": "moisture_absorption",
      "label": "Humidity absorption (Akro)",
      "value": 0.2,
      "bound": "exact",
      "unit": "%",
      "scope": "material",
      "conditions": {
        "grade": "PRECITE P3 GF 30 natural (6850)",
        "standard": "ISO 1110",
        "temperature": "70 °C",
        "relative_humidity": "62 %"
      },
      "method": "Typical value printed on the manufacturer product page",
      "status": "ground",
      "source": "akro-precite-p3-gf30",
      "where": "Property table, Humidity absorption row",
      "source_detail": {
        "title": "PRECITE P3 GF 30 natural (6850), Akro product page (typical values)",
        "id": "Product page, property table and product description",
        "url": "https://akro-plastic.com/en/product/precite-p3-gf-30-natural-6850-en",
        "kind": "datasheet",
        "license": "manufacturer web page, linked not reproduced"
      }
    },
    {
      "benchmark": "mould_shrinkage_flow",
      "label": "Moulding shrinkage, flow direction (Akro)",
      "value": 0.3,
      "bound": "exact",
      "unit": "%",
      "scope": "material",
      "conditions": {
        "grade": "PRECITE P3 GF 30 natural (6850)",
        "standard": "ISO 294-4",
        "direction": "flow"
      },
      "method": "Typical value printed on the manufacturer product page",
      "status": "ground",
      "source": "akro-precite-p3-gf30",
      "where": "Property table, Molding shrinkage (flow) row",
      "source_detail": {
        "title": "PRECITE P3 GF 30 natural (6850), Akro product page (typical values)",
        "id": "Product page, property table and product description",
        "url": "https://akro-plastic.com/en/product/precite-p3-gf-30-natural-6850-en",
        "kind": "datasheet",
        "license": "manufacturer web page, linked not reproduced"
      }
    },
    {
      "benchmark": "mould_shrinkage_transverse",
      "label": "Moulding shrinkage, transverse direction (Akro)",
      "value": 0.9,
      "bound": "exact",
      "unit": "%",
      "scope": "material",
      "conditions": {
        "grade": "PRECITE P3 GF 30 natural (6850)",
        "standard": "ISO 294-4",
        "direction": "transverse"
      },
      "method": "Typical value printed on the manufacturer product page",
      "status": "ground",
      "source": "akro-precite-p3-gf30",
      "where": "Property table, Molding shrinkage (transverse) row",
      "source_detail": {
        "title": "PRECITE P3 GF 30 natural (6850), Akro product page (typical values)",
        "id": "Product page, property table and product description",
        "url": "https://akro-plastic.com/en/product/precite-p3-gf-30-natural-6850-en",
        "kind": "datasheet",
        "license": "manufacturer web page, linked not reproduced"
      }
    },
    {
      "benchmark": "comparative_tracking_index",
      "label": "Comparative tracking index (Akro)",
      "value": 350,
      "bound": "exact",
      "unit": "V",
      "scope": "material",
      "conditions": {
        "grade": "PRECITE P3 GF 30 natural (6850)",
        "standard": "IEC 60112",
        "test_liquid": "A"
      },
      "method": "Typical value printed on the manufacturer product page",
      "status": "ground",
      "source": "akro-precite-p3-gf30",
      "where": "Property table, Comparative tracking index row",
      "source_detail": {
        "title": "PRECITE P3 GF 30 natural (6850), Akro product page (typical values)",
        "id": "Product page, property table and product description",
        "url": "https://akro-plastic.com/en/product/precite-p3-gf-30-natural-6850-en",
        "kind": "datasheet",
        "license": "manufacturer web page, linked not reproduced"
      }
    },
    {
      "benchmark": "melt_volume_rate",
      "label": "Melt volume rate (Akro)",
      "value": 9,
      "bound": "exact",
      "unit": "cm3/10 min",
      "scope": "material",
      "conditions": {
        "grade": "PRECITE P3 GF 30 natural (6850)",
        "standard": "ISO 1133",
        "temperature": "250 °C",
        "load": "2.16 kg"
      },
      "method": "Typical value printed on the manufacturer product page",
      "status": "ground",
      "source": "akro-precite-p3-gf30",
      "where": "Property table, MVR row",
      "source_detail": {
        "title": "PRECITE P3 GF 30 natural (6850), Akro product page (typical values)",
        "id": "Product page, property table and product description",
        "url": "https://akro-plastic.com/en/product/precite-p3-gf-30-natural-6850-en",
        "kind": "datasheet",
        "license": "manufacturer web page, linked not reproduced"
      }
    },
    {
      "benchmark": "moisture_absorption",
      "label": "Equilibrium water uptake at 35 °C (Borges et al.)",
      "value": 0.47,
      "bound": "exact",
      "unit": "%",
      "scope": "material",
      "conditions": {
        "material": "PBT-GF30 as tested in Borges et al. (grade not named)",
        "test": "water immersion, equilibrium M-infinity",
        "temperature": "35 °C"
      },
      "method": "Measured in water immersion and printed in Table 2 of the paper",
      "status": "ground",
      "source": "borges-2021",
      "where": "Table 2, row T 35 °C, M∞ (%)",
      "source_detail": {
        "title": "Effect of Water Ingress on the Mechanical and Chemical Properties of Polybutylene Terephthalate Reinforced with Glass Fibers",
        "id": "Borges, Akhavan-Safar, Marques, Carbas, Ueffing, Weissgraeber and da Silva, Materials (Basel) 14(5), 1261; doi 10.3390/ma14051261; full text read as Europe PMC XML for PMC7961491 (article page https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC7961491)",
        "url": "https://www.ebi.ac.uk/europepmc/webservices/rest/PMC7961491/fullTextXML",
        "year": 2021,
        "kind": "paper",
        "license": "open access article, linked not reproduced"
      }
    },
    {
      "benchmark": "moisture_absorption",
      "label": "Equilibrium water uptake at 70 °C (Borges et al.)",
      "value": 0.5,
      "bound": "exact",
      "unit": "%",
      "scope": "material",
      "conditions": {
        "material": "PBT-GF30 as tested in Borges et al. (grade not named)",
        "test": "water immersion, equilibrium M-infinity",
        "temperature": "70 °C"
      },
      "method": "Measured in water immersion and printed in Table 2 of the paper",
      "status": "ground",
      "source": "borges-2021",
      "where": "Table 2, row T 70 °C, M∞ (%)",
      "source_detail": {
        "title": "Effect of Water Ingress on the Mechanical and Chemical Properties of Polybutylene Terephthalate Reinforced with Glass Fibers",
        "id": "Borges, Akhavan-Safar, Marques, Carbas, Ueffing, Weissgraeber and da Silva, Materials (Basel) 14(5), 1261; doi 10.3390/ma14051261; full text read as Europe PMC XML for PMC7961491 (article page https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC7961491)",
        "url": "https://www.ebi.ac.uk/europepmc/webservices/rest/PMC7961491/fullTextXML",
        "year": 2021,
        "kind": "paper",
        "license": "open access article, linked not reproduced"
      }
    },
    {
      "benchmark": "moisture_absorption",
      "label": "Equilibrium water uptake at 130 °C (Borges et al.)",
      "value": 0.56,
      "bound": "exact",
      "unit": "%",
      "scope": "material",
      "conditions": {
        "material": "PBT-GF30 as tested in Borges et al. (grade not named)",
        "test": "water immersion, equilibrium M-infinity",
        "temperature": "130 °C"
      },
      "method": "Measured in water immersion and printed in Table 2 of the paper",
      "status": "ground",
      "source": "borges-2021",
      "where": "Table 2, row T 130 °C, M∞ (%)",
      "source_detail": {
        "title": "Effect of Water Ingress on the Mechanical and Chemical Properties of Polybutylene Terephthalate Reinforced with Glass Fibers",
        "id": "Borges, Akhavan-Safar, Marques, Carbas, Ueffing, Weissgraeber and da Silva, Materials (Basel) 14(5), 1261; doi 10.3390/ma14051261; full text read as Europe PMC XML for PMC7961491 (article page https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC7961491)",
        "url": "https://www.ebi.ac.uk/europepmc/webservices/rest/PMC7961491/fullTextXML",
        "year": 2021,
        "kind": "paper",
        "license": "open access article, linked not reproduced"
      }
    },
    {
      "benchmark": "elastic_modulus",
      "label": "Young's modulus, room temperature, standard specimens (Borges et al.)",
      "value": 8.6,
      "bound": "exact",
      "unit": "GPa",
      "scope": "material",
      "conditions": {
        "material": "PBT-GF30 as tested in Borges et al. (grade not named)",
        "condition": "dry as supplied",
        "temperature": "room temperature",
        "specimen": "standard"
      },
      "method": "Bulk tensile test printed in the mechanical properties text, tensile rate 1 mm/min",
      "status": "ground",
      "uncertainty": "± 0.1 GPa (printed)",
      "source": "borges-2021",
      "where": "Mechanical properties, room temperature standard specimens",
      "source_detail": {
        "title": "Effect of Water Ingress on the Mechanical and Chemical Properties of Polybutylene Terephthalate Reinforced with Glass Fibers",
        "id": "Borges, Akhavan-Safar, Marques, Carbas, Ueffing, Weissgraeber and da Silva, Materials (Basel) 14(5), 1261; doi 10.3390/ma14051261; full text read as Europe PMC XML for PMC7961491 (article page https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC7961491)",
        "url": "https://www.ebi.ac.uk/europepmc/webservices/rest/PMC7961491/fullTextXML",
        "year": 2021,
        "kind": "paper",
        "license": "open access article, linked not reproduced"
      }
    },
    {
      "benchmark": "ultimate_tensile_strength",
      "label": "Tensile strength, room temperature, standard specimens (Borges et al.)",
      "value": 112,
      "bound": "exact",
      "unit": "MPa",
      "scope": "material",
      "conditions": {
        "material": "PBT-GF30 as tested in Borges et al. (grade not named)",
        "condition": "dry as supplied",
        "temperature": "room temperature",
        "specimen": "standard"
      },
      "method": "Bulk tensile test printed in the mechanical properties text, tensile rate 1 mm/min",
      "status": "ground",
      "uncertainty": "± 1 MPa (printed)",
      "source": "borges-2021",
      "where": "Mechanical properties, room temperature standard specimens",
      "source_detail": {
        "title": "Effect of Water Ingress on the Mechanical and Chemical Properties of Polybutylene Terephthalate Reinforced with Glass Fibers",
        "id": "Borges, Akhavan-Safar, Marques, Carbas, Ueffing, Weissgraeber and da Silva, Materials (Basel) 14(5), 1261; doi 10.3390/ma14051261; full text read as Europe PMC XML for PMC7961491 (article page https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC7961491)",
        "url": "https://www.ebi.ac.uk/europepmc/webservices/rest/PMC7961491/fullTextXML",
        "year": 2021,
        "kind": "paper",
        "license": "open access article, linked not reproduced"
      }
    },
    {
      "benchmark": "elastic_modulus",
      "label": "Young's modulus at 70 °C (Borges et al.)",
      "value": 4.6,
      "bound": "exact",
      "unit": "GPa",
      "scope": "material",
      "conditions": {
        "material": "PBT-GF30 as tested in Borges et al. (grade not named)",
        "condition": "dry as supplied, tested at temperature",
        "temperature": "70 °C"
      },
      "method": "Bulk tensile test printed in the mechanical properties table",
      "status": "ground",
      "uncertainty": "± 0.1 GPa (printed)",
      "source": "borges-2021",
      "where": "Mechanical properties table, row 70 °C",
      "source_detail": {
        "title": "Effect of Water Ingress on the Mechanical and Chemical Properties of Polybutylene Terephthalate Reinforced with Glass Fibers",
        "id": "Borges, Akhavan-Safar, Marques, Carbas, Ueffing, Weissgraeber and da Silva, Materials (Basel) 14(5), 1261; doi 10.3390/ma14051261; full text read as Europe PMC XML for PMC7961491 (article page https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC7961491)",
        "url": "https://www.ebi.ac.uk/europepmc/webservices/rest/PMC7961491/fullTextXML",
        "year": 2021,
        "kind": "paper",
        "license": "open access article, linked not reproduced"
      }
    },
    {
      "benchmark": "ultimate_tensile_strength",
      "label": "Tensile strength at 70 °C (Borges et al.)",
      "value": 66,
      "bound": "exact",
      "unit": "MPa",
      "scope": "material",
      "conditions": {
        "material": "PBT-GF30 as tested in Borges et al. (grade not named)",
        "condition": "dry as supplied, tested at temperature",
        "temperature": "70 °C"
      },
      "method": "Bulk tensile test printed in the mechanical properties table",
      "status": "ground",
      "uncertainty": "± 1 MPa (printed)",
      "source": "borges-2021",
      "where": "Mechanical properties table, row 70 °C",
      "source_detail": {
        "title": "Effect of Water Ingress on the Mechanical and Chemical Properties of Polybutylene Terephthalate Reinforced with Glass Fibers",
        "id": "Borges, Akhavan-Safar, Marques, Carbas, Ueffing, Weissgraeber and da Silva, Materials (Basel) 14(5), 1261; doi 10.3390/ma14051261; full text read as Europe PMC XML for PMC7961491 (article page https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC7961491)",
        "url": "https://www.ebi.ac.uk/europepmc/webservices/rest/PMC7961491/fullTextXML",
        "year": 2021,
        "kind": "paper",
        "license": "open access article, linked not reproduced"
      }
    },
    {
      "benchmark": "elastic_modulus",
      "label": "Young's modulus at 130 °C (Borges et al.)",
      "value": 2.3,
      "bound": "exact",
      "unit": "GPa",
      "scope": "material",
      "conditions": {
        "material": "PBT-GF30 as tested in Borges et al. (grade not named)",
        "condition": "dry as supplied, tested at temperature",
        "temperature": "130 °C"
      },
      "method": "Bulk tensile test printed in the mechanical properties table",
      "status": "ground",
      "uncertainty": "± 0.1 GPa (printed)",
      "source": "borges-2021",
      "where": "Mechanical properties table, row 130 °C",
      "source_detail": {
        "title": "Effect of Water Ingress on the Mechanical and Chemical Properties of Polybutylene Terephthalate Reinforced with Glass Fibers",
        "id": "Borges, Akhavan-Safar, Marques, Carbas, Ueffing, Weissgraeber and da Silva, Materials (Basel) 14(5), 1261; doi 10.3390/ma14051261; full text read as Europe PMC XML for PMC7961491 (article page https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC7961491)",
        "url": "https://www.ebi.ac.uk/europepmc/webservices/rest/PMC7961491/fullTextXML",
        "year": 2021,
        "kind": "paper",
        "license": "open access article, linked not reproduced"
      }
    },
    {
      "benchmark": "ultimate_tensile_strength",
      "label": "Tensile strength at 130 °C (Borges et al.)",
      "value": 44,
      "bound": "exact",
      "unit": "MPa",
      "scope": "material",
      "conditions": {
        "material": "PBT-GF30 as tested in Borges et al. (grade not named)",
        "condition": "dry as supplied, tested at temperature",
        "temperature": "130 °C"
      },
      "method": "Bulk tensile test printed in the mechanical properties table",
      "status": "ground",
      "uncertainty": "± 1 MPa (printed)",
      "source": "borges-2021",
      "where": "Mechanical properties table, row 130 °C",
      "source_detail": {
        "title": "Effect of Water Ingress on the Mechanical and Chemical Properties of Polybutylene Terephthalate Reinforced with Glass Fibers",
        "id": "Borges, Akhavan-Safar, Marques, Carbas, Ueffing, Weissgraeber and da Silva, Materials (Basel) 14(5), 1261; doi 10.3390/ma14051261; full text read as Europe PMC XML for PMC7961491 (article page https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC7961491)",
        "url": "https://www.ebi.ac.uk/europepmc/webservices/rest/PMC7961491/fullTextXML",
        "year": 2021,
        "kind": "paper",
        "license": "open access article, linked not reproduced"
      }
    },
    {
      "benchmark": "glass_transition_temperature",
      "label": "Glass transition temperature (Borges et al.)",
      "value": 49,
      "bound": "exact",
      "unit": "°C",
      "scope": "material",
      "conditions": {
        "material": "PBT-GF30 as tested in Borges et al. (grade not named)"
      },
      "method": "Value printed in the Borges et al. 2021 test conditions section",
      "status": "ground",
      "uncertainty": "± 4 °C (printed)",
      "source": "borges-2021",
      "where": "Test conditions, glass transition temperature Tg",
      "source_detail": {
        "title": "Effect of Water Ingress on the Mechanical and Chemical Properties of Polybutylene Terephthalate Reinforced with Glass Fibers",
        "id": "Borges, Akhavan-Safar, Marques, Carbas, Ueffing, Weissgraeber and da Silva, Materials (Basel) 14(5), 1261; doi 10.3390/ma14051261; full text read as Europe PMC XML for PMC7961491 (article page https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC7961491)",
        "url": "https://www.ebi.ac.uk/europepmc/webservices/rest/PMC7961491/fullTextXML",
        "year": 2021,
        "kind": "paper",
        "license": "open access article, linked not reproduced"
      }
    },
    {
      "benchmark": "density",
      "label": "Density, safety information range (tbgroup)",
      "value": 1.3,
      "value_high": 1.8,
      "bound": "range",
      "unit": "g/ccm",
      "scope": "material",
      "conditions": {
        "grade": "PBT GF30, supplier safety information",
        "unit_as_printed": "g/ccm"
      },
      "method": "Range printed in the supplier safety information (not a datasheet value)",
      "status": "ground",
      "source": "tbgroup-pbt-sds",
      "where": "Section 9.2, Density PBT GF30",
      "source_detail": {
        "title": "Safety information, Polybutylene Terephthalate (PBT), TBGroup, version 2",
        "id": "TBGroup-Do-TB-13 version 2.01.2021, Sections 2, 3, 4, 5, 7, 9.2, 10 and 15",
        "url": "https://www.technoform.com/sites/default/files/2021-02/tbgroup-do-tb-13_-_safety_information_pbt.pdf",
        "year": 2021,
        "kind": "datasheet",
        "license": "supplier safety information, linked not reproduced"
      }
    },
    {
      "benchmark": "melting_point",
      "label": "Melting point, safety information range (tbgroup)",
      "value": 220,
      "value_high": 230,
      "bound": "range",
      "unit": "°C",
      "scope": "material",
      "conditions": {
        "grade": "PBT GF30, supplier safety information"
      },
      "method": "Range printed in the supplier safety information (not a datasheet value)",
      "status": "ground",
      "source": "tbgroup-pbt-sds",
      "where": "Section 9.2, Melting point",
      "source_detail": {
        "title": "Safety information, Polybutylene Terephthalate (PBT), TBGroup, version 2",
        "id": "TBGroup-Do-TB-13 version 2.01.2021, Sections 2, 3, 4, 5, 7, 9.2, 10 and 15",
        "url": "https://www.technoform.com/sites/default/files/2021-02/tbgroup-do-tb-13_-_safety_information_pbt.pdf",
        "year": 2021,
        "kind": "datasheet",
        "license": "supplier safety information, linked not reproduced"
      }
    },
    {
      "benchmark": "flash_point",
      "label": "Flash point (tbgroup)",
      "value": 400,
      "bound": "lower",
      "unit": "°C",
      "scope": "material",
      "conditions": {
        "grade": "PBT GF30, supplier safety information",
        "printed_as": "> 400 °C"
      },
      "method": "Value printed in the supplier safety information as a lower bound",
      "status": "ground",
      "source": "tbgroup-pbt-sds",
      "where": "Section 9.2, Flash point",
      "source_detail": {
        "title": "Safety information, Polybutylene Terephthalate (PBT), TBGroup, version 2",
        "id": "TBGroup-Do-TB-13 version 2.01.2021, Sections 2, 3, 4, 5, 7, 9.2, 10 and 15",
        "url": "https://www.technoform.com/sites/default/files/2021-02/tbgroup-do-tb-13_-_safety_information_pbt.pdf",
        "year": 2021,
        "kind": "datasheet",
        "license": "supplier safety information, linked not reproduced"
      }
    },
    {
      "benchmark": "ignition_point",
      "label": "Ignition point (tbgroup)",
      "value": 350,
      "bound": "lower",
      "unit": "°C",
      "scope": "material",
      "conditions": {
        "grade": "PBT GF30, supplier safety information",
        "printed_as": "> 350 °C"
      },
      "method": "Value printed in the supplier safety information as a lower bound",
      "status": "ground",
      "source": "tbgroup-pbt-sds",
      "where": "Section 9.2, Ignition point",
      "source_detail": {
        "title": "Safety information, Polybutylene Terephthalate (PBT), TBGroup, version 2",
        "id": "TBGroup-Do-TB-13 version 2.01.2021, Sections 2, 3, 4, 5, 7, 9.2, 10 and 15",
        "url": "https://www.technoform.com/sites/default/files/2021-02/tbgroup-do-tb-13_-_safety_information_pbt.pdf",
        "year": 2021,
        "kind": "datasheet",
        "license": "supplier safety information, linked not reproduced"
      }
    },
    {
      "benchmark": "thermal_decomposition_onset",
      "label": "Thermal decomposition onset (tbgroup)",
      "value": 290,
      "bound": "lower",
      "unit": "°C",
      "scope": "material",
      "conditions": {
        "grade": "PBT GF30, supplier safety information",
        "printed_as": "> 290 °C"
      },
      "method": "Value printed in the supplier safety information as a lower bound",
      "status": "ground",
      "source": "tbgroup-pbt-sds",
      "where": "Section 10, Stability and reactivity, thermal decomposition",
      "source_detail": {
        "title": "Safety information, Polybutylene Terephthalate (PBT), TBGroup, version 2",
        "id": "TBGroup-Do-TB-13 version 2.01.2021, Sections 2, 3, 4, 5, 7, 9.2, 10 and 15",
        "url": "https://www.technoform.com/sites/default/files/2021-02/tbgroup-do-tb-13_-_safety_information_pbt.pdf",
        "year": 2021,
        "kind": "datasheet",
        "license": "supplier safety information, linked not reproduced"
      }
    }
  ],
  "corrosion": [
    {
      "environment": "Hot water above 60 °C",
      "headline": "PBT is sensitive to hot water above 60 °C, according to Wikipedia.",
      "effect": "Wikipedia states that PBT and PET are sensitive to hot water above 60 °C (140 °F). The page does not use the word hydrolysis, and it gives no test condition or glass-fibre content for this statement.",
      "rating": "moderate",
      "conditions": {
        "basis": "general statement for PBT, not tested on this grade"
      },
      "source": "wikipedia-pbt",
      "where": "Chemical and physical properties, hot water statement"
    },
    {
      "environment": "Water immersion at 35 °C, 70 °C and 130 °C",
      "headline": "Equilibrium water uptake rises from 0.47 % at 35 °C to 0.56 % at 130 °C in PBT-GF30 tested by Borges et al.",
      "effect": "Borges et al. 2021 state that the water diffusion behaviour is Fickian, and print equilibrium uptake M-infinity values of 0.47 %, 0.50 % and 0.56 % at 35, 70 and 130 °C. The paper says tensile values after water ageing appear only in a figure.",
      "rating": "moderate",
      "conditions": {
        "material": "PBT-GF30 as tested in Borges et al. (grade not named)",
        "test": "water immersion"
      },
      "source": "borges-2021",
      "where": "Table 2 and Section 3.3 (Fick's law statement)"
    },
    {
      "environment": "Heat and water together above 80 °C",
      "headline": "Borges et al. report a chemical change in the OH profile between 80 and 85 °C.",
      "effect": "Borges et al. report that the OH⁻ profile change in FTIR occurs between 80 and 85 °C, which the paper treats as the point where the chemical change becomes visible. The paper prints no mass loss figure for this effect.",
      "rating": "moderate",
      "conditions": {
        "material": "PBT-GF30 as tested in Borges et al. (grade not named)",
        "test": "FTIR after water exposure"
      },
      "source": "borges-2021",
      "where": "Test conditions, chemical change (FTIR)"
    },
    {
      "environment": "Changing climate with low moisture absorption",
      "headline": "Akro states that the grade has low moisture absorption, giving consistent properties in changing climates.",
      "effect": "Akro states that low moisture absorption gives consistent mechanical and electrical properties under changing climatic conditions. The page gives the 0.2 % and 0.4 % absorption values recorded in the properties table, and no ageing test.",
      "rating": "low",
      "conditions": {
        "basis": "manufacturer statement with absorption values from the property table"
      },
      "source": "akro-precite-p3-gf30",
      "where": "Product description"
    }
  ],
  "risks": {
    "hazards": [
      {
        "text": "Not classified under the Dangerous Chemicals Ordinance or relevant EC Guidelines, and the safety information lists no hazardous ingredients.",
        "ghs": [],
        "source": "tbgroup-pbt-sds",
        "where": "Section 2.2 (hazardous ingredients: None), Section 3 (Potential hazards: None), Section 15 (Regulations)"
      },
      {
        "text": "Dust from mechanical processing, such as grinding, may form an explosible dust-air mixture if dispersed.",
        "ghs": [],
        "source": "tbgroup-pbt-sds",
        "where": "Section 7, precautions against fire and explosion"
      },
      {
        "text": "Molten material can cause burns, and the first-aid section states that burns caused by molten material require medical care.",
        "ghs": [],
        "source": "tbgroup-pbt-sds",
        "where": "Section 4, First-aid measures"
      }
    ],
    "failure_risks": [
      {
        "mode": "Thermal decomposition at high temperature",
        "trigger": "Heating above 290 °C during processing or in a fire",
        "consequence": "Toxic gases, including traces of hydrogen cyanide, carbon monoxide, tetrahydrofuran and terephthalic acid, are possibly released above 290 °C (tbgroup safety information).",
        "severity": "high",
        "source": "tbgroup-pbt-sds",
        "where": "Section 5 and Section 10"
      },
      {
        "mode": "Loss of stiffness and strength at elevated temperature",
        "trigger": "Use above room temperature (Borges et al. tested dry specimens at the test temperature)",
        "consequence": "Young's modulus falls to 4.6 GPa at 70 °C and 2.3 GPa at 130 °C, and tensile strength falls to 66 MPa at 70 °C and 44 MPa at 130 °C, against 8.6 GPa and 112 MPa at room temperature (dry as supplied).",
        "severity": "moderate",
        "source": "borges-2021",
        "where": "Mechanical properties table, rows 70 °C and 130 °C"
      }
    ],
    "side_effects": [],
    "handling": [
      {
        "text": "Provide adequate ventilation and local exhaust as needed, and withdraw dust by suction, according to the safety information.",
        "source": "tbgroup-pbt-sds",
        "where": "Section 7, advices on safe handling"
      },
      {
        "text": "Take precautionary measures against static discharges and keep away from sources of ignition during processing.",
        "source": "tbgroup-pbt-sds",
        "where": "Section 7, precautions against fire and explosion"
      }
    ],
    "mitigations": []
  },
  "uses": [
    {
      "application": "electronics-and-chips",
      "device": "Electrical and precision moulded parts",
      "example": "Akro lists PRECITE P3 GF 30 natural (6850) for precision parts in automotive, mechanical engineering, electrical and electronic, and household goods, and cites low moisture absorption for consistent electrical properties.",
      "source": "akro-precite-p3-gf30",
      "where": "Product description"
    },
    {
      "application": "structures",
      "device": "Dimensionally stable moulded and machined engineering parts",
      "example": "Ensinger describes TECADUR PBT GF30 natural as having very high rigidity, mechanical strength, creep strength and dimensional stability, and notes that it is less suitable for sliding applications.",
      "source": "ensinger-pbt-gf30",
      "where": "Product description"
    }
  ],
  "supply": [
    {
      "subject": "Terephthalic acid (monomer)",
      "abundance": "Wikipedia states that several million tons are produced annually, with no year or tonnage printed.",
      "producers": [],
      "critical_lists": [],
      "substitutes": [],
      "source": "wikipedia-terephthalic-acid",
      "where": "Production section, catalytic oxidation of p-xylene; Several million tons are produced annually"
    },
    {
      "subject": "1,4-Butanediol (monomer)",
      "abundance": "Wikipedia states that about one million metric tons per year are produced worldwide, with no year printed for that figure.",
      "producers": [],
      "critical_lists": [],
      "substitutes": [],
      "source": "wikipedia-butanediol",
      "where": "Industrial production and production volume sections"
    },
    {
      "subject": "Glass fibre (reinforcement)",
      "abundance": "Wikipedia gives no production figure for glass fibre. It describes E-glass as an alumino-borosilicate glass with less than 1% w/w alkali oxides, mainly used for glass-reinforced plastics.",
      "producers": [],
      "critical_lists": [],
      "substitutes": [],
      "source": "wikipedia-glass-fiber",
      "where": "Fibre formation section and Chemistry section"
    }
  ],
  "media": [],
  "documents": [
    {
      "title": "TECADUR PBT GF30 natural, Ensinger product page",
      "type": "datasheet",
      "url": "https://www.ensingerplastics.com/en/shapes/tecadur-pbt-gf30-natural"
    },
    {
      "title": "PRECITE P3 GF 30 natural (6850), Akro product page",
      "type": "datasheet",
      "url": "https://akro-plastic.com/en/product/precite-p3-gf-30-natural-6850-en"
    },
    {
      "title": "Safety information, Polybutylene Terephthalate (PBT), TBGroup",
      "type": "sds",
      "url": "https://www.technoform.com/sites/default/files/2021-02/tbgroup-do-tb-13_-_safety_information_pbt.pdf",
      "year": 2021
    },
    {
      "title": "Borges et al., Effect of Water Ingress on the Mechanical and Chemical Properties of Polybutylene Terephthalate Reinforced with Glass Fibers, Materials (Basel) 14(5), 1261",
      "type": "paper",
      "url": "https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC7961491",
      "year": 2021
    }
  ],
  "gaps": [
    "UNS and EN designations: neither manufacturer page prints a UNS or EN number, and none was found in any source read in this run.",
    "PubChem record for polybutylene terephthalate: the PubChem page returned a browser check and could not be read, so no GHS classification from PubChem is recorded.",
    "Coefficient of thermal expansion from Ensinger (8 and 10, printed as 10-5*1/K): the printed exponent form is not recorded.",
    "Surface resistivity from Ensinger (printed 1014 Ω) and from Akro (printed 1012 Ω): the exponent is lost in the page text, so neither value is recorded.",
    "Volume resistivity from Akro, printed as > 1013 Ω x cm: exponent form, not recorded.",
    "Diffusion coefficients from Borges et al. Table 2 (printed as 3.15×10−13 m2/s and similar): exponent form, not recorded.",
    "The density values disagree: Ensinger prints 1.46 g/cm3 with no test standard, Akro prints 1,53 g/cm³ per ISO 1183, and the tbgroup safety information prints 1.3 to 1.8 g/ccm for PBT GF30. All three are recorded and none is a test value for a common grade.",
    "Tensile strength and elongation of the Borges et al. specimens after water ageing: these appear only in Figure 11 with no numbers in the text, so no values are recorded.",
    "Relative humidity for the 130 °C water test is not printed in Borges et al.; the paper states that a water container was kept open in the chamber.",
    "Borges et al. do not name the PBT-GF30 grade they tested, so their values are not attributed to TECADUR or PRECITE.",
    "UL 94 flammability (Ensinger prints HB) is not numeric and is not recorded as a property.",
    "Glass fibre oxide composition: the Wikipedia Glass fiber article gives no oxide-by-oxide percentages, so no composition values are recorded.",
    "Glass fibre content range in glass-reinforced plastics: the Wikipedia article prints no percentage range.",
    "Producer tonnages and country shares for PBT-GF30 or for PBT: not found in any source read. USGS Mineral Commodity Summaries do not cover this polymer.",
    "Hydrolysis ageing data for PBT-GF30 with retention figures after humid ageing: the BASF moisture PDF could not be read, and the AGH and Fraunhofer results were only seen in search summaries, so no values from them are recorded.",
    "Space behaviour (atomic oxygen, outgassing, UV, radiation) for PBT-GF30: no source for this grade was read in this run.",
    "Akro water absorption, saturated (ISO 62, 23 °C), printed as 0,4 % with a decimal comma: the value check cannot match a decimal comma, so the row is not recorded.",
    "Non-canonical benchmark names used because no canonical name exists: charpy_impact_strength, charpy_notched_impact_strength, compression_modulus, mould_shrinkage_flow, mould_shrinkage_transverse, comparative_tracking_index, melt_volume_rate, ignition_point, thermal_decomposition_onset."
  ],
  "story": {
    "why": "Polybutylene terephthalate with 30% glass fibre (PBT-GF30) is a stiff, dimensionally stable moulded polymer. Ensinger's TECADUR PBT GF30 natural prints a tensile modulus of 3400 MPa and a melting temperature of 224 °C. Akro's PRECITE P3 GF 30 natural (6850) prints a tensile modulus of 10000 MPa, a heat deflection temperature of 205 °C at 1.8 MPa, and a density of 1.53 g/cm³. The two datasheets disagree, so both values are shown.",
    "uses": [],
    "can_do": [
      {
        "label": "Stiff under load",
        "line": "Akro prints a flexural modulus of 10500 MPa and a flexural strength of 230 MPa for PRECITE P3 GF 30 natural (6850), both per ISO 178 at 2 mm/min.",
        "benchmark": "flexural_modulus",
        "scope": "material"
      },
      {
        "label": "Hold its shape with heat",
        "line": "Akro prints a heat deflection temperature (HDT/A) of 205 °C at 1.8 MPa for the same grade, per ISO 75.",
        "benchmark": "heat_deflection_temperature",
        "scope": "material"
      },
      {
        "label": "Keep strength when hot and wet",
        "line": "Borges et al. measured 44 MPa tensile strength at 130 °C on specimens dry as supplied, and 0.56 % equilibrium water uptake at 130 °C, for a PBT-GF30 whose grade they do not name.",
        "benchmark": "ultimate_tensile_strength",
        "scope": "material"
      }
    ],
    "compare": "Two datasheets for the same 30% glass-fibre PBT disagree. Ensinger prints a tensile modulus of 3400 MPa in a DIN EN ISO 527-2 test and a density of 1.46 g/cm3 with no test standard, while Akro prints 10000 MPa per ISO 527-2 and a density of 1.53 g/cm³ per ISO 1183. Borges et al. report 8.6 GPa at room temperature for a PBT-GF30 whose grade is not named. Read the rows as values for different grades and test methods, not as a ranking.",
    "compare_rows": [
      {
        "label": "Density",
        "benchmark": "density",
        "scope": "material"
      },
      {
        "label": "Tensile modulus",
        "benchmark": "elastic_modulus",
        "scope": "material"
      },
      {
        "label": "Heat deflection temperature",
        "benchmark": "heat_deflection_temperature",
        "scope": "material"
      }
    ],
    "handling": [
      "Specify the grade, since Ensinger and Akro print different tensile moduli for PBT-GF30.",
      "Check the current supplier safety information before processing, because the data cited here are supplier information and not a warranty of properties.",
      "Keep dust out of the work area, because processing dust may form an explosible dust-air mixture."
    ],
    "good_for": [
      "Stiff moulded parts: Akro prints a flexural modulus of 10500 MPa for PRECITE P3 GF 30 natural (6850).",
      "Dimensionally stable parts: Akro prints moulding shrinkage of 0.3 % (flow) and 0.9 % (transverse) per ISO 294-4.",
      "Electrical parts that stay dry: Akro prints a comparative tracking index of 350 V per IEC 60112 and a low water absorption."
    ],
    "watch_out": [
      "Water: Borges et al. measured 0.47 % equilibrium uptake at 35 °C, rising to 0.56 % at 130 °C, and report that the tensile values after water ageing are only in a figure.",
      "Heat: the tensile strength falls to 66 MPa at 70 °C and 44 MPa at 130 °C on dry specimens, against 112 MPa at room temperature.",
      "Thermal decomposition starts above 290 °C and releases toxic gases, including traces of hydrogen cyanide.",
      "No outgassing, radiation or atomic oxygen data for this grade was found, so no space behaviour is recorded."
    ],
    "verdict": "PBT-GF30 is a stiff moulded polymer with a flexural modulus of 10500 MPa and a heat deflection temperature of 205 °C at 1.8 MPa in the Akro grade read. The Ensinger grade reads 3400 MPa tensile modulus, so the two datasheets differ. Its weak point is hot water: Borges et al. report 0.56 % equilibrium water uptake at 130 °C and 44 MPa tensile strength at 130 °C.",
    "recipe": {
      "line": "Polybutylene terephthalate is made by polymerising 1,4-butanediol with terephthalic acid, and its repeat unit is C12H12O4 (Wikipedia). This grade is a PBT matrix filled with 30% glass fibre by weight (Ensinger). Wikipedia states that a size is applied to glass fibre after drawing in the continuous filament process, to protect the fibre and to give it affinity for a resin.",
      "parts": [
        {
          "name": "Polybutylene terephthalate matrix",
          "role": "Semicrystalline polyester matrix, repeat unit C12H12O4",
          "share_note": "balance",
          "source": "wikipedia-pbt",
          "where": "Chemical description"
        },
        {
          "name": "Glass fibre",
          "role": "Reinforcing filler at 30% by weight in this grade",
          "share_percent": 30,
          "source": "ensinger-pbt-gf30",
          "where": "Product description"
        },
        {
          "name": "Carbon",
          "symbol": "C",
          "role": "Carbon atoms in the PBT repeat unit C12H12O4",
          "source": "nist-carbon",
          "where": "Standard atomic weight table"
        },
        {
          "name": "Hydrogen",
          "symbol": "H",
          "role": "Hydrogen atoms in the PBT repeat unit C12H12O4",
          "source": "nist-hydrogen",
          "where": "Standard atomic weight table"
        },
        {
          "name": "Oxygen",
          "symbol": "O",
          "role": "Oxygen atoms in the PBT repeat unit C12H12O4",
          "source": "nist-oxygen",
          "where": "Standard atomic weight table"
        }
      ]
    },
    "risk_groups": [
      {
        "title": "For people",
        "lead": "The one safety information sheet read classifies this grade as not hazardous under the cited EC rules.",
        "points": [
          {
            "label": "Classification",
            "line": "The tbgroup safety information prints Potential hazards: None and states that the product is not classified by the Dangerous Chemicals Ordinance or EC guidelines."
          },
          {
            "label": "Dust",
            "line": "Dust from grinding may form an explosible dust-air mixture if dispersed, so dust is removed by suction."
          }
        ],
        "level": 1,
        "verdict": "Not classified in the safety sheet read"
      },
      {
        "title": "If it fails",
        "lead": "The failure routes in these sources are heat and water, and the heat route releases toxic gases.",
        "points": [
          {
            "label": "Heat",
            "line": "Above 290 °C the product may release toxic gases, including traces of hydrogen cyanide, according to the safety information."
          },
          {
            "label": "Water",
            "line": "Borges et al. measured an equilibrium water uptake of 0.56 % at 130 °C, and tensile strength of 44 MPa at 130 °C on dry specimens."
          }
        ],
        "level": 3,
        "verdict": "Heat above 290 °C releases toxic gases"
      }
    ]
  },
  "updated": "2026-11-01",
  "review": {
    "status": "draft",
    "method": "assistant",
    "checked_values": 46,
    "unreachable": 1,
    "caveats": 4,
    "note": "Values were read by an AI assistant on 2026-11-01 from the pages named in each entry. The Ensinger and Akro values are typical values printed on manufacturer pages, with no test standard printed for the Ensinger density. Borges et al. did not name the grade they tested. PubChem could not be read. The tbgroup values are supplier safety information, not datasheet values."
  },
  "sources": {
    "ensinger-pbt-gf30": {
      "title": "TECADUR PBT GF30 natural, Ensinger product page (typical values)",
      "id": "Product page, property table, Facts section (density)",
      "url": "https://www.ensingerplastics.com/en/shapes/tecadur-pbt-gf30-natural",
      "kind": "datasheet",
      "license": "manufacturer web page, linked not reproduced"
    },
    "akro-precite-p3-gf30": {
      "title": "PRECITE P3 GF 30 natural (6850), Akro product page (typical values)",
      "id": "Product page, property table and product description",
      "url": "https://akro-plastic.com/en/product/precite-p3-gf-30-natural-6850-en",
      "kind": "datasheet",
      "license": "manufacturer web page, linked not reproduced"
    },
    "tbgroup-pbt-sds": {
      "title": "Safety information, Polybutylene Terephthalate (PBT), TBGroup, version 2",
      "id": "TBGroup-Do-TB-13 version 2.01.2021, Sections 2, 3, 4, 5, 7, 9.2, 10 and 15",
      "url": "https://www.technoform.com/sites/default/files/2021-02/tbgroup-do-tb-13_-_safety_information_pbt.pdf",
      "year": 2021,
      "kind": "datasheet",
      "license": "supplier safety information, linked not reproduced"
    },
    "borges-2021": {
      "title": "Effect of Water Ingress on the Mechanical and Chemical Properties of Polybutylene Terephthalate Reinforced with Glass Fibers",
      "id": "Borges, Akhavan-Safar, Marques, Carbas, Ueffing, Weissgraeber and da Silva, Materials (Basel) 14(5), 1261; doi 10.3390/ma14051261; full text read as Europe PMC XML for PMC7961491 (article page https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC7961491)",
      "url": "https://www.ebi.ac.uk/europepmc/webservices/rest/PMC7961491/fullTextXML",
      "year": 2021,
      "kind": "paper",
      "license": "open access article, linked not reproduced"
    },
    "wikipedia-pbt": {
      "title": "Polybutylene terephthalate, Wikipedia",
      "id": "Polybutylene terephthalate article, Chemical description, Glass-fibre and chemical resistance statements, hot water statement",
      "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polybutylene_terephthalate",
      "kind": "web",
      "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0, linked not reproduced"
    },
    "wikipedia-glass-fiber": {
      "title": "Glass fiber, Wikipedia",
      "id": "Glass fiber article, fibre formation, chemistry, sizing and GRP sections",
      "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glass_fiber",
      "kind": "web",
      "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0, linked not reproduced"
    },
    "wikipedia-terephthalic-acid": {
      "title": "Terephthalic acid, Wikipedia",
      "id": "Terephthalic acid article, Production and Uses sections",
      "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Terephthalic_acid",
      "kind": "web",
      "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0, linked not reproduced"
    },
    "wikipedia-butanediol": {
      "title": "1,4-Butanediol, Wikipedia",
      "id": "1,4-Butanediol article, Industrial production and Uses sections",
      "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1,4-Butanediol",
      "kind": "web",
      "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0, linked not reproduced"
    },
    "nist-carbon": {
      "title": "NIST Atomic Weights and Isotopic Compositions for All Elements, carbon",
      "id": "Standard atomic weight table, element C, atomic number 6",
      "url": "https://physics.nist.gov/cgi-bin/Compositions/stand_alone.pl?ele=C&all=all&ascii=html",
      "kind": "database",
      "license": "US government data"
    },
    "nist-hydrogen": {
      "title": "NIST Atomic Weights and Isotopic Compositions for All Elements, hydrogen",
      "id": "Standard atomic weight table, element H, atomic number 1",
      "url": "https://physics.nist.gov/cgi-bin/Compositions/stand_alone.pl?ele=H&all=all&ascii=html",
      "kind": "database",
      "license": "US government data"
    },
    "nist-oxygen": {
      "title": "NIST Atomic Weights and Isotopic Compositions for All Elements, oxygen",
      "id": "Standard atomic weight table, element O, atomic number 8",
      "url": "https://physics.nist.gov/cgi-bin/Compositions/stand_alone.pl?ele=O&all=all&ascii=html",
      "kind": "database",
      "license": "US government data"
    }
  },
  "license": "CC-BY-4.0",
  "url": "https://spacemushroom.com/profiles/pbt-gf30/"
}