{
  "spore": "profile",
  "id": "loctite-ea-9394",
  "spore_version": "0.2",
  "family": "epoxy",
  "name": "LOCTITE EA 9394 AERO (Hysol EA 9394) epoxy paste adhesive",
  "abbreviation": "EA 9394",
  "role": "two-part structural epoxy paste adhesive for bonding, potting and liquid shims",
  "category": "seals-adhesives",
  "type": "adhesives",
  "summary": "LOCTITE EA 9394 AERO, also known as Hysol EA 9394, is a two-part epoxy paste that cures at room temperature. Henkel's bulletin prints a tensile lap shear strength of 28.9 MPa (4,200 psi) at 25 °C on bare 2024-T3 aluminium and a service temperature of 177 °C (350 °F). NASA's 1993 outgassing compilation lists the EA 9394 rows with total mass loss of 1.02 to 1.74 %, which is above the 1.0 % screening level used for low-outgassing materials.\n",
  "best_for": "Room-temperature structural bonding, potting and liquid shims where a 177 °C (350 °F) service temperature is needed, per Henkel",
  "weakest_at": "Outgassing and heat: all eight EA 9394 rows read in NASA's listing are above 1.0 % total mass loss, and lap shear falls to 8.3 MPa at 177 °C",
  "identity": {
    "formula": "Two-part amine-cured epoxy paste: a Part A epoxy resin with aluminium filler and a Part B amine hardener (composition ranges in story.recipe)",
    "designations": [
      {
        "system": "Trade name",
        "code": "LOCTITE EA 9394 AERO",
        "source": "henkel-tds",
        "where": "Title block, first line"
      },
      {
        "system": "Trade name",
        "code": "Hysol EA 9394",
        "source": "henkel-tds",
        "where": "Title block, KNOWN AS Hysol EA 9394"
      },
      {
        "system": "Trade name",
        "code": "EA 9394",
        "source": "nasa-rp1124",
        "where": "Section I (Adhesives) listing, material column; manufacturer code HYS (Hysol)"
      }
    ],
    "source": "henkel-tds",
    "where": "Henkel bulletin title block and Introduction; Part A SDS Section 1 and Part B SDS Section 1"
  },
  "tags": {
    "environments": [],
    "stresses": [
      "vacuum-and-outgassing"
    ],
    "applications": [
      "structures"
    ]
  },
  "properties": [
    {
      "benchmark": "density",
      "label": "Density, mixed adhesive (Part A plus Part B by weight 100:17)",
      "value": 1.36,
      "bound": "exact",
      "unit": "g/ml",
      "scope": "material",
      "conditions": {
        "state": "mixed two-part paste",
        "temperature": "not printed in the bulletin"
      },
      "method": "Typical value printed in the Uncured Properties table of the Henkel bulletin",
      "status": "ground",
      "source": "henkel-tds",
      "where": "Uncured Properties table, Density (g/ml), Mixed column",
      "source_detail": {
        "title": "LOCTITE EA 9394 AERO Epoxy Paste Adhesive, Technical Process Bulletin (known as Hysol EA 9394)",
        "id": "Henkel Corporation Aerospace, Rev. 7/2015",
        "url": "https://dm.henkel-dam.com/is/content/henkel/EA-9394-Aero",
        "year": 2015,
        "kind": "datasheet",
        "license": "manufacturer datasheet, linked not reproduced"
      }
    },
    {
      "benchmark": "density",
      "label": "Density, Part A (epoxy component)",
      "value": 1.5,
      "bound": "exact",
      "unit": "g/ml",
      "scope": "material",
      "conditions": {
        "state": "Part A, uncured",
        "temperature": "not printed in the bulletin"
      },
      "method": "Typical value printed in the Uncured Properties table of the Henkel bulletin",
      "status": "ground",
      "note": "The Part A SDS (Revision 006.3) prints relative density 1.49 with no unit or temperature. The bulletin value is kept here; the SDS value is not recorded as a property.",
      "source": "henkel-tds",
      "where": "Uncured Properties table, Density (g/ml), Part A column",
      "source_detail": {
        "title": "LOCTITE EA 9394 AERO Epoxy Paste Adhesive, Technical Process Bulletin (known as Hysol EA 9394)",
        "id": "Henkel Corporation Aerospace, Rev. 7/2015",
        "url": "https://dm.henkel-dam.com/is/content/henkel/EA-9394-Aero",
        "year": 2015,
        "kind": "datasheet",
        "license": "manufacturer datasheet, linked not reproduced"
      }
    },
    {
      "benchmark": "density",
      "label": "Density, Part B (amine hardener)",
      "value": 1,
      "bound": "exact",
      "unit": "g/ml",
      "scope": "material",
      "conditions": {
        "state": "Part B, uncured",
        "temperature": "not printed in the bulletin"
      },
      "method": "Typical value printed in the Uncured Properties table of the Henkel bulletin",
      "status": "ground",
      "note": "The Part B SDS (Revision 005.2) prints density 1.0 with no unit or temperature. The bulletin value is kept here.",
      "source": "henkel-tds",
      "where": "Uncured Properties table, Density (g/ml), Part B column",
      "source_detail": {
        "title": "LOCTITE EA 9394 AERO Epoxy Paste Adhesive, Technical Process Bulletin (known as Hysol EA 9394)",
        "id": "Henkel Corporation Aerospace, Rev. 7/2015",
        "url": "https://dm.henkel-dam.com/is/content/henkel/EA-9394-Aero",
        "year": 2015,
        "kind": "datasheet",
        "license": "manufacturer datasheet, linked not reproduced"
      }
    },
    {
      "benchmark": "dynamic_viscosity",
      "label": "Viscosity, mixed adhesive at 25 °C",
      "value": 160,
      "bound": "exact",
      "unit": "Pa·s",
      "scope": "material",
      "conditions": {
        "temperature": "25 °C",
        "spindle": "Brookfield HBT Spdl 5 at 2.09 rad/s",
        "state": "mixed two-part paste"
      },
      "method": "Brookfield HBT typical value as printed in the bulletin",
      "status": "ground",
      "note": "The same table gives 400 to 800 Pa·s for Part A and 20 to 70 Pa·s for Part B at 25 °C. The Part A SDS prints 400,000 to 800,000 mPa·s, which matches.",
      "source": "henkel-tds",
      "where": "Uncured Properties table, Viscosity 25 °C Brookfield, Mixed column",
      "source_detail": {
        "title": "LOCTITE EA 9394 AERO Epoxy Paste Adhesive, Technical Process Bulletin (known as Hysol EA 9394)",
        "id": "Henkel Corporation Aerospace, Rev. 7/2015",
        "url": "https://dm.henkel-dam.com/is/content/henkel/EA-9394-Aero",
        "year": 2015,
        "kind": "datasheet",
        "license": "manufacturer datasheet, linked not reproduced"
      }
    },
    {
      "benchmark": "pot_life",
      "label": "Pot life, 450 g mass",
      "value": 90,
      "bound": "exact",
      "unit": "min",
      "scope": "material",
      "conditions": {
        "temperature": "25 °C (75 °F)",
        "mass": "450 g",
        "method_as_printed": "ASTM D 2471 in water bath"
      },
      "method": "Typical value printed in the Handling section of the bulletin",
      "status": "ground",
      "source": "henkel-tds",
      "where": "Handling, Pot Life (450 gram mass)",
      "source_detail": {
        "title": "LOCTITE EA 9394 AERO Epoxy Paste Adhesive, Technical Process Bulletin (known as Hysol EA 9394)",
        "id": "Henkel Corporation Aerospace, Rev. 7/2015",
        "url": "https://dm.henkel-dam.com/is/content/henkel/EA-9394-Aero",
        "year": 2015,
        "kind": "datasheet",
        "license": "manufacturer datasheet, linked not reproduced"
      }
    },
    {
      "benchmark": "shelf_life",
      "label": "Shelf life when stored below 25 °C",
      "value": 1,
      "bound": "exact",
      "unit": "year",
      "scope": "material",
      "conditions": {
        "storage": "below 25 °C (77 °F)"
      },
      "method": "Typical value printed in the Uncured Properties table",
      "status": "ground",
      "source": "henkel-tds",
      "where": "Uncured Properties table, Shelf Life row",
      "source_detail": {
        "title": "LOCTITE EA 9394 AERO Epoxy Paste Adhesive, Technical Process Bulletin (known as Hysol EA 9394)",
        "id": "Henkel Corporation Aerospace, Rev. 7/2015",
        "url": "https://dm.henkel-dam.com/is/content/henkel/EA-9394-Aero",
        "year": 2015,
        "kind": "datasheet",
        "license": "manufacturer datasheet, linked not reproduced"
      }
    },
    {
      "benchmark": "max_service_temp",
      "label": "Service temperature (1000 psi lap shear retained)",
      "value": 177,
      "bound": "exact",
      "unit": "°C",
      "scope": "material",
      "conditions": {
        "definition": "temperature at which the adhesive still retains 1000 psi (6.9 MPa) tensile lap shear strength, ASTM D1002",
        "printed_as": "350 °F"
      },
      "method": "Service temperature definition as printed in the bulletin",
      "status": "ground",
      "source": "henkel-tds",
      "where": "Service Temperature section",
      "source_detail": {
        "title": "LOCTITE EA 9394 AERO Epoxy Paste Adhesive, Technical Process Bulletin (known as Hysol EA 9394)",
        "id": "Henkel Corporation Aerospace, Rev. 7/2015",
        "url": "https://dm.henkel-dam.com/is/content/henkel/EA-9394-Aero",
        "year": 2015,
        "kind": "datasheet",
        "license": "manufacturer datasheet, linked not reproduced"
      }
    },
    {
      "benchmark": "lap_shear_strength",
      "label": "Tensile lap shear strength at -55 °C",
      "value": 22.7,
      "bound": "exact",
      "unit": "MPa",
      "scope": "material",
      "conditions": {
        "test_temperature": "-67 °F / -55 °C",
        "cure": "5 days at 25 °C",
        "standard": "ASTM D1002",
        "adherends": "2024-T3 bare aluminium, phosphoric acid anodized per ASTM D3933"
      },
      "method": "Typical result printed in the bulletin (3,300 psi printed alongside)",
      "status": "ground",
      "source": "henkel-tds",
      "where": "Bond Strength Performance, Tensile Lap Shear Strength table, row -67/-55",
      "source_detail": {
        "title": "LOCTITE EA 9394 AERO Epoxy Paste Adhesive, Technical Process Bulletin (known as Hysol EA 9394)",
        "id": "Henkel Corporation Aerospace, Rev. 7/2015",
        "url": "https://dm.henkel-dam.com/is/content/henkel/EA-9394-Aero",
        "year": 2015,
        "kind": "datasheet",
        "license": "manufacturer datasheet, linked not reproduced"
      }
    },
    {
      "benchmark": "lap_shear_strength",
      "label": "Tensile lap shear strength at 25 °C",
      "value": 28.9,
      "bound": "exact",
      "unit": "MPa",
      "scope": "material",
      "conditions": {
        "test_temperature": "77 °F / 25 °C",
        "cure": "5 days at 25 °C",
        "standard": "ASTM D1002",
        "adherends": "2024-T3 bare aluminium, phosphoric acid anodized per ASTM D3933"
      },
      "method": "Typical result printed in the bulletin (4,200 psi printed alongside)",
      "status": "ground",
      "source": "henkel-tds",
      "where": "Bond Strength Performance, Tensile Lap Shear Strength table, row 77/25",
      "source_detail": {
        "title": "LOCTITE EA 9394 AERO Epoxy Paste Adhesive, Technical Process Bulletin (known as Hysol EA 9394)",
        "id": "Henkel Corporation Aerospace, Rev. 7/2015",
        "url": "https://dm.henkel-dam.com/is/content/henkel/EA-9394-Aero",
        "year": 2015,
        "kind": "datasheet",
        "license": "manufacturer datasheet, linked not reproduced"
      }
    },
    {
      "benchmark": "lap_shear_strength",
      "label": "Tensile lap shear strength at 82 °C",
      "value": 20.7,
      "bound": "exact",
      "unit": "MPa",
      "scope": "material",
      "conditions": {
        "test_temperature": "180 °F / 82 °C",
        "cure": "5 days at 25 °C",
        "standard": "ASTM D1002",
        "adherends": "2024-T3 bare aluminium, phosphoric acid anodized per ASTM D3933"
      },
      "method": "Typical result printed in the bulletin (3,000 psi printed alongside)",
      "status": "ground",
      "source": "henkel-tds",
      "where": "Bond Strength Performance, Tensile Lap Shear Strength table, row 180/82",
      "source_detail": {
        "title": "LOCTITE EA 9394 AERO Epoxy Paste Adhesive, Technical Process Bulletin (known as Hysol EA 9394)",
        "id": "Henkel Corporation Aerospace, Rev. 7/2015",
        "url": "https://dm.henkel-dam.com/is/content/henkel/EA-9394-Aero",
        "year": 2015,
        "kind": "datasheet",
        "license": "manufacturer datasheet, linked not reproduced"
      }
    },
    {
      "benchmark": "lap_shear_strength",
      "label": "Tensile lap shear strength at 177 °C",
      "value": 8.3,
      "bound": "exact",
      "unit": "MPa",
      "scope": "material",
      "conditions": {
        "test_temperature": "350 °F / 177 °C",
        "cure": "5 days at 25 °C",
        "standard": "ASTM D1002",
        "adherends": "2024-T3 bare aluminium, phosphoric acid anodized per ASTM D3933"
      },
      "method": "Typical result printed in the bulletin (1,200 psi printed alongside)",
      "status": "ground",
      "note": "Above the 6.9 MPa (1000 psi) retention level that defines the 177 °C service temperature.",
      "source": "henkel-tds",
      "where": "Bond Strength Performance, Tensile Lap Shear Strength table, row 350/177",
      "source_detail": {
        "title": "LOCTITE EA 9394 AERO Epoxy Paste Adhesive, Technical Process Bulletin (known as Hysol EA 9394)",
        "id": "Henkel Corporation Aerospace, Rev. 7/2015",
        "url": "https://dm.henkel-dam.com/is/content/henkel/EA-9394-Aero",
        "year": 2015,
        "kind": "datasheet",
        "license": "manufacturer datasheet, linked not reproduced"
      }
    },
    {
      "benchmark": "lap_shear_strength",
      "label": "Tensile lap shear strength at 204 °C",
      "value": 4.1,
      "bound": "exact",
      "unit": "MPa",
      "scope": "material",
      "conditions": {
        "test_temperature": "400 °F / 204 °C",
        "cure": "5 days at 25 °C",
        "standard": "ASTM D1002",
        "adherends": "2024-T3 bare aluminium, phosphoric acid anodized per ASTM D3933"
      },
      "method": "Typical result printed in the bulletin (600 psi printed alongside)",
      "status": "ground",
      "source": "henkel-tds",
      "where": "Bond Strength Performance, Tensile Lap Shear Strength table, row 400/204",
      "source_detail": {
        "title": "LOCTITE EA 9394 AERO Epoxy Paste Adhesive, Technical Process Bulletin (known as Hysol EA 9394)",
        "id": "Henkel Corporation Aerospace, Rev. 7/2015",
        "url": "https://dm.henkel-dam.com/is/content/henkel/EA-9394-Aero",
        "year": 2015,
        "kind": "datasheet",
        "license": "manufacturer datasheet, linked not reproduced"
      }
    },
    {
      "benchmark": "ultimate_tensile_strength",
      "label": "Tensile strength, bulk casting",
      "value": 46,
      "bound": "exact",
      "unit": "MPa",
      "scope": "material",
      "conditions": {
        "form": "0.125 in (3.18 mm) bulk castings",
        "temperature": "25 °C (77 °F)",
        "standard": "ASTM D638"
      },
      "method": "Typical value printed in the bulletin (6,675 psi printed alongside)",
      "status": "ground",
      "source": "henkel-tds",
      "where": "Bulk Resin Properties, Tensile Strength row",
      "source_detail": {
        "title": "LOCTITE EA 9394 AERO Epoxy Paste Adhesive, Technical Process Bulletin (known as Hysol EA 9394)",
        "id": "Henkel Corporation Aerospace, Rev. 7/2015",
        "url": "https://dm.henkel-dam.com/is/content/henkel/EA-9394-Aero",
        "year": 2015,
        "kind": "datasheet",
        "license": "manufacturer datasheet, linked not reproduced"
      }
    },
    {
      "benchmark": "elastic_modulus",
      "label": "Tensile modulus, bulk casting",
      "value": 4237,
      "bound": "exact",
      "unit": "MPa",
      "scope": "material",
      "conditions": {
        "form": "0.125 in (3.18 mm) bulk castings",
        "temperature": "25 °C (77 °F)",
        "standard": "ASTM D638"
      },
      "method": "Typical value printed in the bulletin (615 ksi printed alongside)",
      "status": "ground",
      "source": "henkel-tds",
      "where": "Bulk Resin Properties, Tensile Modulus row",
      "source_detail": {
        "title": "LOCTITE EA 9394 AERO Epoxy Paste Adhesive, Technical Process Bulletin (known as Hysol EA 9394)",
        "id": "Henkel Corporation Aerospace, Rev. 7/2015",
        "url": "https://dm.henkel-dam.com/is/content/henkel/EA-9394-Aero",
        "year": 2015,
        "kind": "datasheet",
        "license": "manufacturer datasheet, linked not reproduced"
      }
    },
    {
      "benchmark": "shear_modulus",
      "label": "Shear modulus, dry",
      "value": 1461,
      "bound": "exact",
      "unit": "MPa",
      "scope": "material",
      "conditions": {
        "condition": "dry",
        "temperature": "25 °C (77 °F)"
      },
      "method": "Typical value printed in the bulletin; test standard not printed (212 ksi printed alongside)",
      "status": "ground",
      "source": "henkel-tds",
      "where": "Bulk Resin Properties, Shear Modulus dry row",
      "source_detail": {
        "title": "LOCTITE EA 9394 AERO Epoxy Paste Adhesive, Technical Process Bulletin (known as Hysol EA 9394)",
        "id": "Henkel Corporation Aerospace, Rev. 7/2015",
        "url": "https://dm.henkel-dam.com/is/content/henkel/EA-9394-Aero",
        "year": 2015,
        "kind": "datasheet",
        "license": "manufacturer datasheet, linked not reproduced"
      }
    },
    {
      "benchmark": "shear_modulus",
      "label": "Shear modulus, wet",
      "value": 1027,
      "bound": "exact",
      "unit": "MPa",
      "scope": "material",
      "conditions": {
        "condition": "wet",
        "temperature": "25 °C (77 °F)"
      },
      "method": "Typical value printed in the bulletin; test standard and wetting method not printed (149 ksi printed alongside)",
      "status": "ground",
      "source": "henkel-tds",
      "where": "Bulk Resin Properties, Shear Modulus wet row",
      "source_detail": {
        "title": "LOCTITE EA 9394 AERO Epoxy Paste Adhesive, Technical Process Bulletin (known as Hysol EA 9394)",
        "id": "Henkel Corporation Aerospace, Rev. 7/2015",
        "url": "https://dm.henkel-dam.com/is/content/henkel/EA-9394-Aero",
        "year": 2015,
        "kind": "datasheet",
        "license": "manufacturer datasheet, linked not reproduced"
      }
    },
    {
      "benchmark": "elongation",
      "label": "Elongation at break, bulk casting",
      "value": 1.66,
      "bound": "exact",
      "unit": "%",
      "scope": "material",
      "conditions": {
        "temperature": "25 °C (77 °F)"
      },
      "method": "Typical value printed in the tensile-properties block of the bulletin",
      "status": "ground",
      "source": "henkel-tds",
      "where": "Bulk Resin Properties, Elongation at Break row",
      "source_detail": {
        "title": "LOCTITE EA 9394 AERO Epoxy Paste Adhesive, Technical Process Bulletin (known as Hysol EA 9394)",
        "id": "Henkel Corporation Aerospace, Rev. 7/2015",
        "url": "https://dm.henkel-dam.com/is/content/henkel/EA-9394-Aero",
        "year": 2015,
        "kind": "datasheet",
        "license": "manufacturer datasheet, linked not reproduced"
      }
    },
    {
      "benchmark": "shore_d_hardness",
      "label": "Shore D hardness",
      "value": 88,
      "bound": "exact",
      "unit": "Shore D",
      "scope": "material",
      "conditions": {
        "temperature": "25 °C (77 °F)"
      },
      "method": "Typical value printed in the bulletin; test standard not printed",
      "status": "ground",
      "source": "henkel-tds",
      "where": "Bulk Resin Properties, Shore D Hardness row",
      "source_detail": {
        "title": "LOCTITE EA 9394 AERO Epoxy Paste Adhesive, Technical Process Bulletin (known as Hysol EA 9394)",
        "id": "Henkel Corporation Aerospace, Rev. 7/2015",
        "url": "https://dm.henkel-dam.com/is/content/henkel/EA-9394-Aero",
        "year": 2015,
        "kind": "datasheet",
        "license": "manufacturer datasheet, linked not reproduced"
      }
    },
    {
      "benchmark": "glass_transition_temperature",
      "label": "Glass transition temperature, dry",
      "value": 78,
      "bound": "exact",
      "unit": "°C",
      "scope": "material",
      "conditions": {
        "condition": "dry"
      },
      "method": "Typical value printed in the bulletin; test method not printed (172 °F printed alongside)",
      "status": "ground",
      "source": "henkel-tds",
      "where": "Bulk Resin Properties, Tg dry row",
      "source_detail": {
        "title": "LOCTITE EA 9394 AERO Epoxy Paste Adhesive, Technical Process Bulletin (known as Hysol EA 9394)",
        "id": "Henkel Corporation Aerospace, Rev. 7/2015",
        "url": "https://dm.henkel-dam.com/is/content/henkel/EA-9394-Aero",
        "year": 2015,
        "kind": "datasheet",
        "license": "manufacturer datasheet, linked not reproduced"
      }
    },
    {
      "benchmark": "glass_transition_temperature",
      "label": "Glass transition temperature, wet",
      "value": 68,
      "bound": "exact",
      "unit": "°C",
      "scope": "material",
      "conditions": {
        "condition": "wet"
      },
      "method": "Typical value printed in the bulletin; test method and wetting method not printed (154 °F printed alongside)",
      "status": "ground",
      "source": "henkel-tds",
      "where": "Bulk Resin Properties, Tg wet row",
      "source_detail": {
        "title": "LOCTITE EA 9394 AERO Epoxy Paste Adhesive, Technical Process Bulletin (known as Hysol EA 9394)",
        "id": "Henkel Corporation Aerospace, Rev. 7/2015",
        "url": "https://dm.henkel-dam.com/is/content/henkel/EA-9394-Aero",
        "year": 2015,
        "kind": "datasheet",
        "license": "manufacturer datasheet, linked not reproduced"
      }
    },
    {
      "benchmark": "compressive_strength",
      "label": "Compressive strength, bulk casting",
      "value": 68.9,
      "bound": "exact",
      "unit": "MPa",
      "scope": "material",
      "conditions": {
        "temperature": "25 °C (77 °F)",
        "specimen": "0.5 in (12.7 mm) wide, 1.0 in (25.4 mm) long, 0.5 in (12.7 mm) high",
        "standard": "ASTM D695"
      },
      "method": "Typical value printed in the bulletin (10,000 psi printed alongside)",
      "status": "ground",
      "source": "henkel-tds",
      "where": "Compressive Properties section",
      "source_detail": {
        "title": "LOCTITE EA 9394 AERO Epoxy Paste Adhesive, Technical Process Bulletin (known as Hysol EA 9394)",
        "id": "Henkel Corporation Aerospace, Rev. 7/2015",
        "url": "https://dm.henkel-dam.com/is/content/henkel/EA-9394-Aero",
        "year": 2015,
        "kind": "datasheet",
        "license": "manufacturer datasheet, linked not reproduced"
      }
    },
    {
      "benchmark": "dielectric_constant",
      "label": "Dielectric constant at 1.0 kHz",
      "value": 7.51,
      "bound": "exact",
      "unit": "-",
      "scope": "material",
      "conditions": {
        "frequency": "1.0 kHz",
        "standards_as_printed": "ASTM D149, D150"
      },
      "method": "Typical value printed in the Electrical Properties table of the bulletin",
      "status": "ground",
      "source": "henkel-tds",
      "where": "Electrical Properties table, Dielectric Constant, 1.0 KHz column",
      "source_detail": {
        "title": "LOCTITE EA 9394 AERO Epoxy Paste Adhesive, Technical Process Bulletin (known as Hysol EA 9394)",
        "id": "Henkel Corporation Aerospace, Rev. 7/2015",
        "url": "https://dm.henkel-dam.com/is/content/henkel/EA-9394-Aero",
        "year": 2015,
        "kind": "datasheet",
        "license": "manufacturer datasheet, linked not reproduced"
      }
    },
    {
      "benchmark": "dissipation_factor",
      "label": "Dissipation factor at 1.0 kHz",
      "value": 0.022,
      "bound": "exact",
      "unit": "-",
      "scope": "material",
      "conditions": {
        "frequency": "1.0 kHz",
        "standards_as_printed": "ASTM D149, D150"
      },
      "method": "Typical value printed in the Electrical Properties table of the bulletin",
      "status": "ground",
      "source": "henkel-tds",
      "where": "Electrical Properties table, Dissipation Factor, 1.0 KHz column",
      "source_detail": {
        "title": "LOCTITE EA 9394 AERO Epoxy Paste Adhesive, Technical Process Bulletin (known as Hysol EA 9394)",
        "id": "Henkel Corporation Aerospace, Rev. 7/2015",
        "url": "https://dm.henkel-dam.com/is/content/henkel/EA-9394-Aero",
        "year": 2015,
        "kind": "datasheet",
        "license": "manufacturer datasheet, linked not reproduced"
      }
    },
    {
      "benchmark": "thermal_conductivity",
      "label": "Thermal conductivity",
      "value": 0.331,
      "bound": "exact",
      "unit": "W/(m•K)",
      "scope": "material",
      "conditions": {
        "bulletin_print": "7.92 x 10-4 cal/sec-cm-°C, with 0.331 W/(m•K) in brackets",
        "test_standard": "not printed"
      },
      "method": "Bracketed SI value as printed in the bulletin",
      "status": "ground",
      "source": "henkel-tds",
      "where": "Electrical Properties table, Thermal Conductivity row",
      "source_detail": {
        "title": "LOCTITE EA 9394 AERO Epoxy Paste Adhesive, Technical Process Bulletin (known as Hysol EA 9394)",
        "id": "Henkel Corporation Aerospace, Rev. 7/2015",
        "url": "https://dm.henkel-dam.com/is/content/henkel/EA-9394-Aero",
        "year": 2015,
        "kind": "datasheet",
        "license": "manufacturer datasheet, linked not reproduced"
      }
    },
    {
      "benchmark": "cte",
      "label": "Coefficient of thermal expansion at 40 °C",
      "value": 55.6,
      "bound": "exact",
      "unit": "µm/m°C",
      "scope": "material",
      "conditions": {
        "temperature": "40 °C"
      },
      "method": "Value printed in the bulletin; test standard not printed",
      "status": "ground",
      "source": "henkel-tds",
      "where": "Electrical Properties table, Coefficient of Thermal Expansion, first row",
      "source_detail": {
        "title": "LOCTITE EA 9394 AERO Epoxy Paste Adhesive, Technical Process Bulletin (known as Hysol EA 9394)",
        "id": "Henkel Corporation Aerospace, Rev. 7/2015",
        "url": "https://dm.henkel-dam.com/is/content/henkel/EA-9394-Aero",
        "year": 2015,
        "kind": "datasheet",
        "license": "manufacturer datasheet, linked not reproduced"
      }
    },
    {
      "benchmark": "cte",
      "label": "Coefficient of thermal expansion at 100 °C",
      "value": 80.6,
      "bound": "exact",
      "unit": "µm/m°C",
      "scope": "material",
      "conditions": {
        "temperature": "100 °C"
      },
      "method": "Value printed in the bulletin; test standard not printed",
      "status": "ground",
      "source": "henkel-tds",
      "where": "Electrical Properties table, Coefficient of Thermal Expansion, second row",
      "source_detail": {
        "title": "LOCTITE EA 9394 AERO Epoxy Paste Adhesive, Technical Process Bulletin (known as Hysol EA 9394)",
        "id": "Henkel Corporation Aerospace, Rev. 7/2015",
        "url": "https://dm.henkel-dam.com/is/content/henkel/EA-9394-Aero",
        "year": 2015,
        "kind": "datasheet",
        "license": "manufacturer datasheet, linked not reproduced"
      }
    },
    {
      "benchmark": "outgassing_tml",
      "label": "Total mass loss, EA 9394 row GSC17063 (7 days at 25 °C)",
      "value": 1.71,
      "bound": "exact",
      "unit": "%",
      "scope": "material",
      "conditions": {
        "data_reference": "GSC17063",
        "cure": "7 days at 25 °C",
        "atmosphere_as_printed": "AIR",
        "standard": "ASTM E595 (TML), as described in the compilation introduction"
      },
      "method": "Value listed in NASA RP-1124 Rev 3, Section I (Adhesives)",
      "status": "ground",
      "note": "Above the 1.0 % TML level that the compilation uses to define low-outgassing materials. Other EA 9394 rows in the same listing give 1.02 to 1.74 %.",
      "source": "nasa-rp1124",
      "where": "Section I (Adhesives) listing, EA 9394 row, data reference GSC17063, %TML column",
      "source_detail": {
        "title": "Outgassing Data for Selecting Spacecraft Materials, NASA Reference Publication 1124, Rev. 3 (Campbell and Scialdone, 1993)",
        "id": "NASA RP-1124 Rev 3; NTRS 19940017416; N94-21889",
        "url": "https://ntrs.nasa.gov/api/citations/19940017416/downloads/19940017416.pdf",
        "year": 1993,
        "kind": "report",
        "license": "NASA public document"
      }
    },
    {
      "benchmark": "outgassing_cvcm",
      "label": "Collected volatile condensable material, EA 9394 row GSC17063",
      "value": 0.04,
      "bound": "exact",
      "unit": "%",
      "scope": "material",
      "conditions": {
        "data_reference": "GSC17063",
        "cure": "7 days at 25 °C",
        "atmosphere_as_printed": "AIR",
        "standard": "ASTM E595 (CVCM), as described in the compilation introduction"
      },
      "method": "Value listed in NASA RP-1124 Rev 3, Section I (Adhesives)",
      "status": "ground",
      "source": "nasa-rp1124",
      "where": "Section I (Adhesives) listing, EA 9394 row, data reference GSC17063, %CVCM column",
      "source_detail": {
        "title": "Outgassing Data for Selecting Spacecraft Materials, NASA Reference Publication 1124, Rev. 3 (Campbell and Scialdone, 1993)",
        "id": "NASA RP-1124 Rev 3; NTRS 19940017416; N94-21889",
        "url": "https://ntrs.nasa.gov/api/citations/19940017416/downloads/19940017416.pdf",
        "year": 1993,
        "kind": "report",
        "license": "NASA public document"
      }
    },
    {
      "benchmark": "outgassing_tml",
      "label": "Total mass loss, EA 9394 row GSC17085 (7 days at 25 °C)",
      "value": 1.14,
      "bound": "exact",
      "unit": "%",
      "scope": "material",
      "conditions": {
        "data_reference": "GSC17085",
        "cure": "7 days at 25 °C",
        "atmosphere_as_printed": "AIR",
        "standard": "ASTM E595 (TML), as described in the compilation introduction"
      },
      "method": "Value listed in NASA RP-1124 Rev 3, Section I (Adhesives)",
      "status": "ground",
      "note": "Still above the 1.0 % TML level. The second row for the same product gives 1.71 % (GSC17063), so the two rows disagree; both are kept.",
      "source": "nasa-rp1124",
      "where": "Section I (Adhesives) listing, EA 9394 row, data reference GSC17085, %TML column",
      "source_detail": {
        "title": "Outgassing Data for Selecting Spacecraft Materials, NASA Reference Publication 1124, Rev. 3 (Campbell and Scialdone, 1993)",
        "id": "NASA RP-1124 Rev 3; NTRS 19940017416; N94-21889",
        "url": "https://ntrs.nasa.gov/api/citations/19940017416/downloads/19940017416.pdf",
        "year": 1993,
        "kind": "report",
        "license": "NASA public document"
      }
    },
    {
      "benchmark": "outgassing_cvcm",
      "label": "Collected volatile condensable material, EA 9394 row GSC17085",
      "value": 0,
      "bound": "exact",
      "unit": "%",
      "scope": "material",
      "conditions": {
        "data_reference": "GSC17085",
        "cure": "7 days at 25 °C",
        "atmosphere_as_printed": "AIR",
        "standard": "ASTM E595 (CVCM), as described in the compilation introduction"
      },
      "method": "Value listed as 0.00 in NASA RP-1124 Rev 3, Section I (Adhesives)",
      "status": "ground",
      "source": "nasa-rp1124",
      "where": "Section I (Adhesives) listing, EA 9394 row, data reference GSC17085, %CVCM column",
      "source_detail": {
        "title": "Outgassing Data for Selecting Spacecraft Materials, NASA Reference Publication 1124, Rev. 3 (Campbell and Scialdone, 1993)",
        "id": "NASA RP-1124 Rev 3; NTRS 19940017416; N94-21889",
        "url": "https://ntrs.nasa.gov/api/citations/19940017416/downloads/19940017416.pdf",
        "year": 1993,
        "kind": "report",
        "license": "NASA public document"
      }
    }
  ],
  "corrosion": [
    {
      "environment": "Water, isopropyl alcohol, hydraulic oil and JP-4 fuel, 7 days at 25 °C",
      "headline": "Lap shear strength stayed at 27.6 to 28.9 MPa after 7 days in four fluids, against 29.6 MPa for the unexposed control.",
      "effect": "Henkel printed lap shear strengths of 28.2 MPa after water, 27.6 MPa after isopropyl alcohol, 28.2 MPa after hydraulic oil and 28.9 MPa after JP-4 fuel, each after 7 days at 25 °C, against 29.6 MPa for the room-temperature control. The bulletin gives no pass or fail limit, so the rating is an assistant judgement from these printed values.",
      "rating": "low",
      "conditions": {
        "test": "tensile lap shear, ASTM D1002, 2024-T3 aluminium",
        "exposure": "7 days at 25 °C (77 °F)"
      },
      "source": "henkel-tds",
      "where": "Bond Strength Performance, After Exposure to/Test Temperature table"
    },
    {
      "environment": "Humid air during a long open time in large assemblies",
      "headline": "Henkel recommends precautions against carbonate formation in large, humid assemblies left open for a long time.",
      "effect": "The bulletin says special precautions are recommended to minimize carbonate formation in large assemblies subject to extended open times in humid environments, and that Henkel can supply a memo with suggestions on request. The bulletin prints no amount of carbonate and no test result.",
      "rating": "unknown",
      "conditions": {
        "basis": "statement only, no test data in the bulletin"
      },
      "source": "henkel-tds",
      "where": "Handling, note after the Failure to follow paragraph (carbonate formation)"
    },
    {
      "environment": "Moisture absorbed by the cured resin",
      "headline": "The glass transition falls from 78 °C dry to 68 °C wet.",
      "effect": "The bulletin prints a glass transition of 78 °C dry and 68 °C wet, and a shear modulus of 1461 MPa dry against 1027 MPa wet, both at 25 °C. It does not say how the wet condition was reached or for how long.",
      "rating": "moderate",
      "conditions": {
        "basis": "bulk casting; test method and wetting method not printed"
      },
      "source": "henkel-tds",
      "where": "Bulk Resin Properties, Tg dry and Tg wet rows; Shear Modulus dry and wet rows"
    },
    {
      "environment": "Elevated temperature in service",
      "headline": "Lap shear strength falls from 28.9 MPa at 25 °C to 8.3 MPa at 177 °C and 4.1 MPa at 204 °C.",
      "effect": "Printed lap shear values are 28.9 MPa at 25 °C, 20.7 MPa at 82 °C, 8.3 MPa at 177 °C and 4.1 MPa at 204 °C, after a 5-day cure at 25 °C and tested per ASTM D1002. Henkel defines the 177 °C service temperature as the point where lap shear is still 6.9 MPa (1000 psi).",
      "rating": "moderate",
      "conditions": {
        "basis": "tensile lap shear, ASTM D1002, 2024-T3 aluminium with phosphoric acid anodize per ASTM D3933"
      },
      "source": "henkel-tds",
      "where": "Bond Strength Performance, Tensile Lap Shear Strength table; Service Temperature section"
    }
  ],
  "risks": {
    "hazards": [
      {
        "text": "Part A is labelled WARNING with H315 (causes skin irritation), H317 (may cause an allergic skin reaction) and H319 (causes serious eye irritation), per the Henkel Part A safety data sheet, Revision 006.3, issued 03/26/2025.",
        "ghs": [
          "H315",
          "H317",
          "H319"
        ],
        "source": "henkel-sds-parta",
        "where": "Section 2, hazard statements and signal word"
      },
      {
        "text": "Part B is labelled DANGER with H302 (harmful if swallowed), H314 (causes severe skin burns and eye damage) and H317 (may cause an allergic skin reaction), per the Henkel Part B safety data sheet, Revision 005.2, issued 06/20/2025. The SDS lists acute oral toxicity category 4, skin corrosion 1C and serious eye damage category 1.",
        "ghs": [
          "H302",
          "H314",
          "H317"
        ],
        "source": "henkel-sds-partb",
        "where": "Section 2, hazard class table and hazard statements"
      },
      {
        "text": "PubChem aggregates ECHA C&L notifications for tetraethylenepentamine (CID 8197), the amine that the Part B SDS lists as a hazardous component at 30 to 60 percent. Printed statements: H302 (99.9%), H312 (90.7%), H314 (99.9%), H317 (> 99.9%), H318 (43.7%), H334 (31.1%) and H411 (93.1%), plus H311 and H330 with no percentage printed. Danger for H311, H314, H318, H330 and H334; Warning for H302, H312 and H317. Aggregated from 1834 reports by companies from 22 notifications to the ECHA C&L Inventory. This is the pure substance, not the mixed adhesive.",
        "ghs": [
          "H302",
          "H311",
          "H312",
          "H314",
          "H317",
          "H318",
          "H330",
          "H334",
          "H411"
        ],
        "source": "pubchem-tepa",
        "where": "GHS Classification, Aggregated GHS information (CID 8197)"
      },
      {
        "text": "PubChem aggregates ECHA C&L notifications for bisphenol A diglycidyl ether (CID 2286), a bisphenol A epoxy resin. The Part A SDS names an epichlorohydrin and 4,4'-isopropylidene diphenol resin, not this monomer. Printed statements: H315 (> 99.9%), H317 (> 99.9%), H319 (> 99.9%) and H411 (50.9%), all with the Warning signal word. Aggregated from 1027 reports by companies from 12 notifications to the ECHA C&L Inventory.",
        "ghs": [
          "H315",
          "H317",
          "H319",
          "H411"
        ],
        "source": "pubchem-badge",
        "where": "GHS Classification, Aggregated GHS information (CID 2286)"
      }
    ],
    "failure_risks": [
      {
        "mode": "Uncontrolled heat build-up in a large mixed batch",
        "trigger": "Mixing more than 450 g of Part A and Part B in one batch",
        "consequence": "Dangerous heat buildup can occur, causing uncontrolled decomposition of the mixed adhesive and toxic fumes, which can cause personal injury, according to the bulletin.",
        "severity": "high",
        "source": "henkel-tds",
        "where": "Application, Mixing"
      },
      {
        "mode": "Adhesive cures in the static mixer and blocks the cartridge",
        "trigger": "Leaving the mixed adhesive in the static mixer unattended for more than 90 minutes, or applying high pressure to an overheated cartridge",
        "consequence": "Curing in the mixer produces back pressure when the plungers are triggered again, which can cause cartridge failure. The bulletin also reports 200 ml kit failures when inlet pressure is set too high.",
        "severity": "moderate",
        "source": "henkel-tds",
        "where": "Dual Cartridge Application"
      },
      {
        "mode": "Loading the joint before full cure",
        "trigger": "Applying load at the 24-hour handling point",
        "consequence": "Full bond strength is not yet attained at handling strength, so the bulletin says load application should be small at this time.",
        "severity": "moderate",
        "source": "henkel-tds",
        "where": "Application, Applying"
      }
    ],
    "side_effects": [
      {
        "text": "On decomposition, both parts emit carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide, low molecular weight hydrocarbons and oxides of nitrogen, according to their safety data sheets.",
        "affects": "People in the fire area and the enclosure",
        "source": "henkel-sds-parta",
        "where": "Section 10, Hazardous decomposition products (Part A); Section 10 of the Part B SDS in the same PDF"
      }
    ],
    "handling": [
      {
        "text": "Keep Part A in a tightly closed container in a cool, well-ventilated place, away from incompatible materials (strong acids, oxidizing agents and amines). Part B is kept away from strong oxidizing agents and strong Lewis or mineral acids.",
        "source": "henkel-sds-parta",
        "where": "Section 7 and Section 10 (Part A); Section 10 (Part B)"
      },
      {
        "text": "Use with adequate ventilation. Avoid getting it in eyes or on skin and avoid breathing vapors, and wash thoroughly after handling, per the bulletin's precautionary information. The bulletin says the material is for industrial use only.",
        "source": "henkel-tds",
        "where": "Handling Precautions and Precautionary Information, General"
      }
    ],
    "mitigations": [
      {
        "text": "Do not mix more than 450 g at once, and mix smaller quantities to minimize heat buildup, per the bulletin.",
        "source": "henkel-tds",
        "where": "Application, Mixing"
      },
      {
        "text": "Do not pre-heat dual-cartridge kits above 90 °F for more than four hours, and do not place assembled cartridges upright in the oven.",
        "source": "henkel-tds",
        "where": "Dual Cartridge Application"
      }
    ]
  },
  "uses": [
    {
      "application": "structures",
      "device": "Structural bonding of aerospace aluminium parts",
      "example": "Henkel describes LOCTITE EA 9394 AERO as a two-part structural paste adhesive that cures at room temperature, and states that it is qualified to MMM-A-132 Rev B, Type I, Class 3, Form 3, Group 1.",
      "source": "henkel-tds",
      "where": "Introduction"
    },
    {
      "application": "structures",
      "device": "Potting, filling and liquid shims",
      "example": "The bulletin lists potting, filling and liquid shim applications, and says the thixotropic paste has good gap-filling capability. It names no specific device.",
      "source": "henkel-tds",
      "where": "Introduction and Features"
    }
  ],
  "supply": [
    {
      "subject": "LOCTITE EA 9394 AERO (Henkel Corporation product)",
      "abundance": "Not applicable: a formulated two-part product, not an element. No feedstock tonnage for epoxy resin or amine hardener was found in any source read.",
      "producers": [
        {
          "country": "United States"
        }
      ],
      "critical_lists": [],
      "recycling": "Not found in any source read.",
      "substitutes": [],
      "source": "henkel-tds",
      "where": "Bulletin header and footer (Henkel Corporation Aerospace, 2850 Willow Pass Road, Bay Point, CA); Part A SDS Section 1 (Region: United States)"
    },
    {
      "subject": "Aluminium, the metal in the Part A filler",
      "abundance": "USGS smelter production in 2025, estimated, in thousand metric tons: China 45,000; United States 660; world total 74,000. The Part A SDS lists aluminum as a hazardous component, so the metal is part of this product.",
      "producers": [
        {
          "country": "China"
        },
        {
          "country": "United States"
        }
      ],
      "critical_lists": [],
      "recycling": "USGS: about 3.6 million tons of aluminum was recovered from purchased scrap in the United States in 2025, about 56% from new scrap and 44% from old scrap.",
      "substitutes": [],
      "source": "usgs-mcs2026-al",
      "where": "Aluminum chapter, World Smelter Production and Capacity table (Smelter production 2025e column); Domestic Production and Use paragraph for recycling"
    }
  ],
  "media": [],
  "documents": [
    {
      "title": "LOCTITE EA 9394 AERO Epoxy Paste Adhesive, Technical Process Bulletin (Henkel, Rev. 7/2015)",
      "type": "datasheet",
      "url": "https://dm.henkel-dam.com/is/content/henkel/EA-9394-Aero",
      "year": 2015
    },
    {
      "title": "LOCTITE EA 9394 AERO PART A safety data sheet, Revision 006.3 (issued 03/26/2025), hosted on a reseller CDN",
      "type": "sds",
      "url": "https://cdn11.bigcommerce.com/s-jifykode7m/product_images/uploaded_images/msds/SGP93319.pdf",
      "year": 2025
    },
    {
      "title": "LOCTITE EA 9394 AERO PART B safety data sheet, Revision 005.2 (issued 06/20/2025), same PDF as Part A",
      "type": "sds",
      "url": "https://cdn11.bigcommerce.com/s-jifykode7m/product_images/uploaded_images/msds/SGP93319.pdf",
      "year": 2025
    },
    {
      "title": "Outgassing Data for Selecting Spacecraft Materials, NASA Reference Publication 1124, Rev. 3",
      "type": "report",
      "url": "https://ntrs.nasa.gov/api/citations/19940017416/downloads/19940017416.pdf",
      "year": 1993
    },
    {
      "title": "Aluminum, Mineral Commodity Summaries 2026 (USGS)",
      "type": "report",
      "url": "https://pubs.usgs.gov/periodicals/mcs2026/mcs2026-aluminum.pdf",
      "year": 2026
    },
    {
      "title": "Tetraethylenepentamine, PubChem CID 8197, GHS Classification (aggregated ECHA C&L notifications)",
      "type": "database",
      "url": "https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/rest/pug_view/data/compound/8197/JSON?heading=GHS+Classification"
    },
    {
      "title": "Bisphenol A diglycidyl ether, PubChem CID 2286, GHS Classification (aggregated ECHA C&L notifications)",
      "type": "database",
      "url": "https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/rest/pug_view/data/compound/2286/JSON?heading=GHS+Classification"
    }
  ],
  "gaps": [
    "Flight heritage: the candidate note says EA 9394 has flight heritage, but no source read in this run states that the adhesive has flown. Not recorded.",
    "No NASA flight, thermal-vacuum or ASTM E595 test report for EA 9394 beyond the 1993 compilation rows was read. Water vapor regained (WVR) values in the same rows (0.70 % and 0.33 %) are not recorded.",
    "Part A relative density 1.49 and Part B density 1.0 printed in the SDSs have no unit or temperature, so they are not recorded as values. The bulletin's g/ml values are used instead.",
    "Aluminium corrosion, galvanic compatibility and primer or surface-treatment data were not found in any source read.",
    "Carbonate formation: the Henkel memo on minimizing it is available on request and was not read; no quantity or test result was found.",
    "Chemical resistance was read only for water, isopropyl alcohol, hydraulic oil and JP-4 fuel; other solvents and fluids were not found.",
    "Test standards for glass transition, Shore D hardness, tensile modulus and shear modulus are not printed in the bulletin, so conditions give only the method stated.",
    "Benchmark names not in the canonical list and used as short snake_case names: dynamic_viscosity, pot_life, shelf_life, lap_shear_strength, compressive_strength, shore_d_hardness.",
    "Aluminium critical-mineral listing: the USGS aluminum chapter read here does not print one, so critical_lists is empty. The USGS 2025 critical list and the EU list were not read for this profile.",
    "Supply: no market share, producer tonnage or critical-mineral listing for epoxy resin or amine hardener was found in any source read.",
    "Electronics potting data (dielectric values beyond 1.0 kHz, moisture-resistance tests and thermal shock) were not found beyond the bulletin's single-frequency values.",
    "Volume resistivity of 4.05 x 10^13 ohm-cm (Henkel bulletin, Electrical Properties table) was dropped: the PDF text prints the exponent as a superscript that the value check cannot match, so the value was removed rather than kept unverified.",
    "Cure to full strength at elevated temperature: the bulletin gives only the single 1 hour at 66 °C cure for complete cure, with no mechanical data for that cure."
  ],
  "story": {
    "why": "LOCTITE EA 9394 AERO, also known as Hysol EA 9394, is a two-part epoxy paste that cures at room temperature. Henkel sells it for structural bonding, potting and liquid shims, and says it is qualified to MMM-A-132 Rev B. Its main strengths, as printed, are a lap shear strength of 28.9 MPa at 25 °C, a 177 °C service temperature and a 90 minute pot life for a 450 g mix. Its weak point for space hardware is outgassing: NASA's compilation lists every EA 9394 row read above the 1.0 % total mass loss screen.",
    "uses": [
      {
        "where": "Aerospace structural bonding",
        "line": "Henkel calls the paste a two-part structural adhesive for aerospace bonding that cures at room temperature. It is qualified to MMM-A-132 Rev B, Type I, Class 3, Form 3, Group 1."
      },
      {
        "where": "Potting, filling and liquid shims",
        "line": "The bulletin also lists potting, filling and liquid shim work, and says the thixotropic paste fills gaps well."
      },
      {
        "where": "Outgassing screening record",
        "line": "NASA's 1993 compilation includes EA 9394 rows in its adhesives listing, each with its own cure schedule. These are ground outgassing records, not a flight result."
      }
    ],
    "can_do": [
      {
        "label": "Service temperature",
        "line": "Henkel rates the adhesive for 177 °C (350 °F) service, defined as the temperature at which it still holds 6.9 MPa (1000 psi) lap shear per ASTM D1002. Lap shear at 177 °C is printed as 8.3 MPa.",
        "benchmark": "max_service_temp",
        "scope": "material"
      },
      {
        "label": "Strength at room temperature",
        "line": "Bare 2024-T3 aluminium lap joints cured 5 days at 25 °C printed 28.9 MPa (4,200 psi) lap shear per ASTM D1002.",
        "scope": "material",
        "value": "28.9 MPa lap shear at 25 °C"
      },
      {
        "label": "Working time",
        "line": "A 450 g mix stays usable for 90 minutes at 25 °C (ASTM D 2471). Henkel says not to mix more than 450 g at once.",
        "scope": "material",
        "value": "Pot life 90 min at 25 °C"
      },
      {
        "label": "Outgassing",
        "line": "NASA's 1993 compilation lists total mass loss of 1.71 % and collected volatile condensable material of 0.04 % for one EA 9394 row (7 days at 25 °C). That is above the 1.0 % TML limit that the compilation uses for low-outgassing materials.",
        "benchmark": "outgassing_tml",
        "scope": "material"
      }
    ],
    "compare": "LOCTITE EA 9394 AERO is not a low-outgassing adhesive on the data read here, because each of the eight EA 9394 rows in the NASA listing is above 1.0 % total mass loss. Its printed 177 °C service temperature is far above its dry glass transition of 78 °C, and the bulletin does not reconcile the two; lap shear is already 20.7 MPa at 82 °C. The compare table below uses density, service temperature and NASA total mass loss, the three benchmarks for which this product has values in the sources read.",
    "compare_rows": [
      {
        "label": "Density (mixed)",
        "benchmark": "density",
        "scope": "material"
      },
      {
        "label": "Service temperature",
        "benchmark": "max_service_temp",
        "scope": "material"
      },
      {
        "label": "Total mass loss",
        "benchmark": "outgassing_tml",
        "scope": "material"
      }
    ],
    "handling": [
      "Mix Part A and Part B in the ratio 100 to 17 by weight, and do not mix more than 450 g at once, because heat builds up.",
      "Use the mixed adhesive within 90 minutes at 25 °C, and do not leave it in the static mixer unattended for more than 90 minutes.",
      "Cure for 3 to 5 days at 25 °C for normal performance. The bulletin says 1 hour at 66 °C gives complete cure, and accelerated cures up to 93 °C are for small masses only.",
      "Wear eye and skin protection and ventilate the area. Part A irritates the eyes and skin, and Part B contains amines and is corrosive according to its SDS."
    ],
    "good_for": [
      "Structural bonding of aluminium at room temperature, with 28.9 MPa lap shear at 25 °C (ASTM D1002, 2024-T3 adherends).",
      "Joints that must hold at 177 °C (350 °F), per the Henkel service-temperature definition.",
      "Potting and liquid shim work, given its 90 minute pot life and gap-filling paste."
    ],
    "watch_out": [
      "Outgassing: every EA 9394 row read in NASA's listing is above 1.0 % total mass loss, from 1.02 % to 1.74 %.",
      "Heat: lap shear is 8.3 MPa at 177 °C and 4.1 MPa at 204 °C.",
      "Moisture: the glass transition is 78 °C dry and 68 °C wet, which is below the 177 °C service temperature.",
      "No flight or thermal-vacuum result for this adhesive was found in the sources read."
    ],
    "verdict": "LOCTITE EA 9394 AERO is a well-documented room-temperature structural epoxy with 28.9 MPa lap shear at 25 °C and a Henkel-stated 177 °C service temperature. NASA's outgassing rows for it sit above the 1.0 % screen, so on these sources it is not a low-outgassing choice.",
    "recipe": {
      "line": "LOCTITE EA 9394 AERO is a two-part paste. Part A is an epoxy resin with aluminium filler, and Part B is an amine hardener. Henkel's bulletin mixes them 100 parts Part A to 17 parts Part B by weight. The ranges below are per part, as printed in each safety data sheet, and the SDS says exact percentages may vary or are trade secret. Epoxy resins are reactive prepolymers with epoxide groups, and amine hardeners cross-link them into a network (Wikipedia, Epoxy).",
      "parts": [
        {
          "name": "Aluminum (Part A)",
          "symbol": "Al",
          "role": "Aluminium metal, listed as a hazardous component of Part A.",
          "share_percent": 30,
          "share_high": 60,
          "source": "henkel-sds-parta",
          "where": "Section 3, Hazardous Component(s) table"
        },
        {
          "name": "Tetraglycidyl diaminodiphenylmethane (Part A)",
          "role": "Multifunctional epoxy resin that reacts with the amine hardener.",
          "share_percent": 30,
          "share_high": 60,
          "source": "henkel-sds-parta",
          "where": "Section 3, Hazardous Component(s) table"
        },
        {
          "name": "Epichlorohydrin-4,4'-isopropylidene diphenol resin (Part A)",
          "role": "Epoxy resin named in the SDS transport section as a bisphenol-A epichlorohydrin resin.",
          "share_percent": 10,
          "share_high": 30,
          "source": "henkel-sds-parta",
          "where": "Section 3, Hazardous Component(s) table"
        },
        {
          "name": "Modified epoxy resin (Part A)",
          "role": "Second epoxy resin; the SDS gives no CAS number and names it as a phenol polymer with chloromethyl oxirane.",
          "share_percent": 5,
          "share_high": 10,
          "source": "henkel-sds-parta",
          "where": "Section 3, second Hazardous Component table"
        },
        {
          "name": "Treated fumed silica (Part A)",
          "role": "Silica filler listed as a hazardous component of Part A.",
          "share_percent": 1,
          "share_high": 5,
          "source": "henkel-sds-parta",
          "where": "Section 3, Hazardous Component(s) table"
        },
        {
          "name": "Tetraethylene pentamine (Part B)",
          "role": "Amine component of Part B. Amines add across epoxide groups to form a cross-linked network (Wikipedia, Epoxy).",
          "share_percent": 30,
          "share_high": 60,
          "source": "henkel-sds-partb",
          "where": "Section 3, Hazardous Component(s) table"
        },
        {
          "name": "N,N'-Bis(3-aminopropyl)piperazine (Part B)",
          "role": "Amine curing agent.",
          "share_percent": 30,
          "share_high": 60,
          "source": "henkel-sds-partb",
          "where": "Section 3, Hazardous Component(s) table"
        },
        {
          "name": "3,6,9,12-Tetraazatetradecamethylenediamine (Part B)",
          "role": "Polyamine curing agent.",
          "share_percent": 5,
          "share_high": 10,
          "source": "henkel-sds-partb",
          "where": "Section 3, Hazardous Component(s) table"
        },
        {
          "name": "3,6-Diazaoctanethylenediamine (Part B)",
          "role": "Amine curing agent.",
          "share_percent": 1,
          "share_high": 5,
          "source": "henkel-sds-partb",
          "where": "Section 3, Hazardous Component(s) table"
        },
        {
          "name": "Carbon black (Part B)",
          "symbol": "C",
          "role": "Pigment that colours Part B.",
          "share_percent": 0.1,
          "share_high": 1,
          "source": "henkel-sds-partb",
          "where": "Section 3, Hazardous Component(s) table"
        }
      ]
    },
    "risk_groups": [
      {
        "title": "For people",
        "lead": "Part A irritates and can sensitize the skin. Part B is corrosive and harmful if swallowed, according to the two safety data sheets.",
        "points": [
          {
            "label": "Part A",
            "line": "Hazard statements H315, H317 and H319, under the WARNING signal word (SDS Revision 006.3)."
          },
          {
            "label": "Part B",
            "line": "Hazard statements H302, H314 and H317, under the DANGER signal word (SDS Revision 005.2)."
          },
          {
            "label": "Mixing",
            "line": "Batches above 450 g can overheat and give off toxic fumes, according to the bulletin. Mix smaller quantities."
          }
        ],
        "level": 3,
        "verdict": "Warning in Part A, danger in Part B"
      },
      {
        "title": "If it is used hot or wet",
        "lead": "Strength and glass transition both fall as temperature and moisture rise.",
        "points": [
          {
            "label": "Heat",
            "line": "Lap shear strength is 8.3 MPa at 177 °C and 4.1 MPa at 204 °C, against 28.9 MPa at 25 °C."
          },
          {
            "label": "Moisture",
            "line": "The glass transition is 78 °C when dry and 68 °C when wet, and the shear modulus is 1027 MPa wet against 1461 MPa dry."
          }
        ]
      },
      {
        "title": "In vacuum",
        "lead": "The NASA compilation lists every EA 9394 row read above the 1.0 % total mass loss level that it uses for low-outgassing materials.",
        "points": [
          {
            "label": "Total mass loss",
            "line": "1.71 % (7 days at 25 °C, row GSC17063) and 1.14 % (row GSC17085), with other rows between 1.02 % and 1.74 %."
          }
        ],
        "level": 2,
        "verdict": "Above the 1.0 % TML screen"
      }
    ]
  },
  "updated": "2026-11-01",
  "review": {
    "status": "draft",
    "method": "assistant",
    "checked_values": 30,
    "unreachable": 0,
    "caveats": 3,
    "note": "Values read by an AI assistant on 2026-11-01 from the Henkel bulletin (Rev. 7/2015), the Henkel Part A and Part B safety data sheets (Revisions 006.3 and 005.2) and NASA RP-1124 Rev 3, all fetched in this run. Caveats: the bulletin gives Part A density 1.50 g/ml against 1.49 printed in the SDS; the two NASA rows for the same product disagree on TML (1.71 % and 1.14 %); and no test standard is printed for Tg, hardness or modulus."
  },
  "sources": {
    "henkel-tds": {
      "title": "LOCTITE EA 9394 AERO Epoxy Paste Adhesive, Technical Process Bulletin (known as Hysol EA 9394)",
      "id": "Henkel Corporation Aerospace, Rev. 7/2015",
      "url": "https://dm.henkel-dam.com/is/content/henkel/EA-9394-Aero",
      "year": 2015,
      "kind": "datasheet",
      "license": "manufacturer datasheet, linked not reproduced"
    },
    "henkel-sds-parta": {
      "title": "LOCTITE EA 9394 AERO PART A safety data sheet",
      "id": "Revision 006.3, issued 03/26/2025, IDH number 2946077",
      "url": "https://cdn11.bigcommerce.com/s-jifykode7m/product_images/uploaded_images/msds/SGP93319.pdf",
      "year": 2025,
      "kind": "datasheet",
      "license": "supplier SDS, linked not reproduced"
    },
    "henkel-sds-partb": {
      "title": "LOCTITE EA 9394 AERO PART B safety data sheet",
      "id": "Revision 005.2, issued 06/20/2025, IDH number 937062, item AB9277016",
      "url": "https://cdn11.bigcommerce.com/s-jifykode7m/product_images/uploaded_images/msds/SGP93319.pdf",
      "year": 2025,
      "kind": "datasheet",
      "license": "supplier SDS, linked not reproduced"
    },
    "nasa-rp1124": {
      "title": "Outgassing Data for Selecting Spacecraft Materials, NASA Reference Publication 1124, Rev. 3 (Campbell and Scialdone, 1993)",
      "id": "NASA RP-1124 Rev 3; NTRS 19940017416; N94-21889",
      "url": "https://ntrs.nasa.gov/api/citations/19940017416/downloads/19940017416.pdf",
      "year": 1993,
      "kind": "report",
      "license": "NASA public document"
    },
    "usgs-mcs2026-al": {
      "title": "Aluminum, Mineral Commodity Summaries 2026 (USGS)",
      "id": "USGS MCS 2026, Aluminum chapter (2025 estimates)",
      "url": "https://pubs.usgs.gov/periodicals/mcs2026/mcs2026-aluminum.pdf",
      "year": 2026,
      "kind": "report",
      "license": "US government publication, public domain"
    },
    "pubchem-tepa": {
      "title": "Tetraethylenepentamine, PubChem CID 8197, GHS Classification",
      "id": "PubChem CID 8197, aggregated GHS notifications (ECHA C&L Inventory)",
      "url": "https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/rest/pug_view/data/compound/8197/JSON?heading=GHS+Classification",
      "kind": "database",
      "license": "PubChem, public domain"
    },
    "pubchem-badge": {
      "title": "Bisphenol A diglycidyl ether, PubChem CID 2286, GHS Classification",
      "id": "PubChem CID 2286, aggregated GHS notifications (ECHA C&L Inventory)",
      "url": "https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/rest/pug_view/data/compound/2286/JSON?heading=GHS+Classification",
      "kind": "database",
      "license": "PubChem, public domain"
    },
    "wikipedia-epoxy": {
      "title": "Epoxy, Wikipedia",
      "id": "Epoxy article, definitions and curing chemistry",
      "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Epoxy",
      "kind": "web",
      "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0, linked not reproduced"
    }
  },
  "license": "CC-BY-4.0",
  "url": "https://spacemushroom.com/profiles/loctite-ea-9394/"
}