{
  "spore": "profile",
  "id": "incoloy-800",
  "spore_version": "0.2",
  "family": "nickel-alloys",
  "name": "Incoloy 800",
  "abbreviation": "UNS N08800",
  "role": "high-temperature corrosion-resistant alloy",
  "category": "metals",
  "type": "nickel-superalloys",
  "summary": "Incoloy 800 (UNS N08800, Werkstoff 1.4876) is an austenitic iron-nickel-chromium alloy with 30.0 to 35.0 % nickel and 19.0 to 23.0 % chromium. Its density is 7.94 g/cm3 and it melts between 1357 and 1385 °C. Annealed, it has a yield strength of 250 MPa at 25 °C and 176 MPa at 650 °C. The bulletin says it is used for strength and corrosion resistance up to about 816 °C (1500 °F). The 800H and 800HT grades (UNS N08810 and N08811) are carbon-richer versions for higher creep strength. This profile gives values for alloy 800 only.\n",
  "best_for": "Strength and oxidation resistance up to about 816 °C (1500 °F), with resistance to chloride stress-corrosion cracking",
  "weakest_at": "Creep and rupture strength above about 816 °C, where the bulletin points to alloys 800H and 800HT, and sensitisation after heating at 540 to 760 °C",
  "identity": {
    "formula": "Iron-nickel-chromium austenitic alloy: Ni 30.0 to 35.0 %, Cr 19.0 to 23.0 %, Fe 39.5 % minimum, C 0.10 % maximum, Al 0.15 to 0.60 %, Ti 0.15 to 0.60 %, Mn 1.50 % maximum, Si 1.0 % maximum, Cu 0.75 % maximum, S 0.015 % maximum",
    "designations": [
      {
        "system": "UNS",
        "code": "N08800",
        "source": "special-metals-800",
        "where": "Available Products and Specifications section, 'INCOLOY alloy 800 is designated as UNS N08800'"
      },
      {
        "system": "EN",
        "code": "1.4876",
        "source": "special-metals-800",
        "where": "Available Products and Specifications section, 'Werkstoff Number 1.4876'"
      },
      {
        "system": "UNS",
        "code": "N08810",
        "note": "800H, a separate UNS number in the same family; values in this profile are for alloy 800",
        "source": "special-metals-800h",
        "where": "Table 1, UNS designation column N08810 (alloy 800H)"
      },
      {
        "system": "UNS",
        "code": "N08811",
        "note": "800HT, a separate UNS number in the same family; values in this profile are for alloy 800",
        "source": "special-metals-800h",
        "where": "Table 1, UNS designation column N08811 (alloy 800HT)"
      },
      {
        "system": "ASTM",
        "code": "A240",
        "note": "plate, sheet and strip, with A480",
        "source": "aircraftmaterials",
        "where": "Specifications list, ASTM A 240/A 480"
      },
      {
        "system": "ASTM",
        "code": "B163",
        "note": "seamless condenser and heat exchanger tubes",
        "source": "aircraftmaterials",
        "where": "Specifications list, ASTM B 163"
      },
      {
        "system": "ASTM",
        "code": "B408",
        "note": "rod and bar",
        "source": "special-metals-800",
        "where": "Rod, Bar, Wire, Forgings and Forging Stock, ASTM B 408"
      },
      {
        "system": "ASTM",
        "code": "B409",
        "note": "plate, sheet and strip",
        "source": "special-metals-800",
        "where": "Plate, Sheet, and Strip, ASTM B 409/B 906"
      },
      {
        "system": "AMS",
        "code": "5766",
        "note": "rod and bar",
        "source": "special-metals-800",
        "where": "Rod, Bar, Wire, Forgings and Forging Stock, SAE/AMS 5766"
      },
      {
        "system": "AMS",
        "code": "5871",
        "note": "plate, sheet and strip",
        "source": "special-metals-800",
        "where": "Plate, Sheet, and Strip, SAE/AMS 5871"
      },
      {
        "system": "Trade name",
        "code": "INCOLOY alloy 800",
        "source": "special-metals-800",
        "where": "Title block and Table 2 heading"
      },
      {
        "system": "AFNOR",
        "code": "Z10NC32.21",
        "source": "tachart",
        "where": "Alias list on the INCOLOY 800 page"
      }
    ],
    "source": "special-metals-800",
    "where": "Table 2, Limiting Chemical Composition, alloy 800 (Table 1 of the 800H and 800HT bulletin gives the same nickel, chromium and iron limits)"
  },
  "tags": {
    "environments": [],
    "stresses": [
      "extreme-heat"
    ],
    "applications": [
      "thermal-control",
      "structures"
    ]
  },
  "properties": [
    {
      "benchmark": "density",
      "label": "Density, alloy 800",
      "value": 7.94,
      "bound": "exact",
      "unit": "g/cm3",
      "scope": "material",
      "conditions": {
        "grade": "alloy 800 (UNS N08800)",
        "unit_in_source": "0.287 lb/in3"
      },
      "method": "Value printed in a manufacturer technical bulletin, physical constants table",
      "status": "ground",
      "source": "special-metals-800",
      "where": "Table 3, Physical Constants, row Density, g/cm3",
      "source_detail": {
        "title": "INCOLOY alloy 800 technical bulletin (Special Metals Corporation)",
        "id": "UNS N08800, Werkstoff 1.4876",
        "url": "https://www.specialmetals.com/documents/technical-bulletins/incoloy/incoloy-alloy-800.pdf",
        "kind": "datasheet",
        "license": "Manufacturer technical bulletin (cited, not reproduced)"
      }
    },
    {
      "benchmark": "melting_point",
      "label": "Melting range, alloy 800",
      "value": 1357,
      "value_high": 1385,
      "bound": "range",
      "unit": "°C",
      "scope": "material",
      "conditions": {
        "grade": "alloy 800 (UNS N08800)",
        "unit_in_source": "2475-2525 °F"
      },
      "method": "Melting range printed in a manufacturer technical bulletin",
      "status": "ground",
      "source": "special-metals-800",
      "where": "Table 3, Physical Constants, row Melting Range, °C",
      "source_detail": {
        "title": "INCOLOY alloy 800 technical bulletin (Special Metals Corporation)",
        "id": "UNS N08800, Werkstoff 1.4876",
        "url": "https://www.specialmetals.com/documents/technical-bulletins/incoloy/incoloy-alloy-800.pdf",
        "kind": "datasheet",
        "license": "Manufacturer technical bulletin (cited, not reproduced)"
      }
    },
    {
      "benchmark": "specific_heat",
      "label": "Specific heat, 0 to 100 °C",
      "value": 460,
      "bound": "exact",
      "unit": "J/kg·°C",
      "scope": "material",
      "conditions": {
        "grade": "alloy 800 (UNS N08800)",
        "temperature": "0 to 100 °C",
        "unit_in_source": "0.11 Btu/lb·°F over 32 to 212 °F"
      },
      "method": "Value printed in a manufacturer technical bulletin",
      "status": "ground",
      "source": "special-metals-800",
      "where": "Table 3, Physical Constants, row Specific Heat (0-100°C)",
      "source_detail": {
        "title": "INCOLOY alloy 800 technical bulletin (Special Metals Corporation)",
        "id": "UNS N08800, Werkstoff 1.4876",
        "url": "https://www.specialmetals.com/documents/technical-bulletins/incoloy/incoloy-alloy-800.pdf",
        "kind": "datasheet",
        "license": "Manufacturer technical bulletin (cited, not reproduced)"
      }
    },
    {
      "benchmark": "elastic_modulus",
      "label": "Modulus of elasticity at 20 °C, annealed",
      "value": 196.5,
      "bound": "exact",
      "unit": "GPa",
      "scope": "material",
      "conditions": {
        "grade": "alloy 800 (UNS N08800)",
        "temperature": "20 °C",
        "temper": "annealed",
        "method_in_source": "dynamic method",
        "unit_in_source": "28.50 x 10^3 ksi at 75 °F"
      },
      "method": "Value printed in a manufacturer technical bulletin, footnote states the dynamic method",
      "status": "ground",
      "source": "special-metals-800",
      "where": "Table 4, Modulus of Elasticity, row 20 °C, column Modulus 103 ksi/GPa",
      "source_detail": {
        "title": "INCOLOY alloy 800 technical bulletin (Special Metals Corporation)",
        "id": "UNS N08800, Werkstoff 1.4876",
        "url": "https://www.specialmetals.com/documents/technical-bulletins/incoloy/incoloy-alloy-800.pdf",
        "kind": "datasheet",
        "license": "Manufacturer technical bulletin (cited, not reproduced)"
      }
    },
    {
      "benchmark": "poissons_ratio",
      "label": "Poisson's ratio at 20 °C, annealed",
      "value": 0.339,
      "bound": "exact",
      "unit": "-",
      "scope": "material",
      "conditions": {
        "grade": "alloy 800 (UNS N08800)",
        "temperature": "20 °C",
        "temper": "annealed",
        "method_in_source": "calculated from moduli of elasticity"
      },
      "method": "Value printed in a manufacturer technical bulletin",
      "status": "ground",
      "source": "special-metals-800",
      "where": "Table 4, Modulus of Elasticity, row 20 °C, column Poisson's Ratio",
      "source_detail": {
        "title": "INCOLOY alloy 800 technical bulletin (Special Metals Corporation)",
        "id": "UNS N08800, Werkstoff 1.4876",
        "url": "https://www.specialmetals.com/documents/technical-bulletins/incoloy/incoloy-alloy-800.pdf",
        "kind": "datasheet",
        "license": "Manufacturer technical bulletin (cited, not reproduced)"
      }
    },
    {
      "benchmark": "thermal_conductivity",
      "label": "Thermal conductivity at 20 °C, annealed",
      "value": 11.5,
      "bound": "exact",
      "unit": "W/m°C",
      "scope": "material",
      "conditions": {
        "grade": "alloy 800 (UNS N08800)",
        "temperature": "20 °C",
        "temper": "annealed",
        "unit_in_source": "80 Btu·in/ft2·h·°F"
      },
      "method": "Value printed in a manufacturer technical bulletin, table headed as annealed material",
      "status": "ground",
      "source": "special-metals-800",
      "where": "Table 5, Electrical and Thermal Properties, row 20 °C (W/m°C), column Thermal Conductivity",
      "source_detail": {
        "title": "INCOLOY alloy 800 technical bulletin (Special Metals Corporation)",
        "id": "UNS N08800, Werkstoff 1.4876",
        "url": "https://www.specialmetals.com/documents/technical-bulletins/incoloy/incoloy-alloy-800.pdf",
        "kind": "datasheet",
        "license": "Manufacturer technical bulletin (cited, not reproduced)"
      }
    },
    {
      "benchmark": "electrical_resistivity",
      "label": "Electrical resistivity at 20 °C, annealed",
      "value": 0.989,
      "bound": "exact",
      "unit": "µΩ·m",
      "scope": "material",
      "conditions": {
        "grade": "alloy 800 (UNS N08800)",
        "temperature": "20 °C",
        "temper": "annealed",
        "unit_in_source": "595 ohm·circ mil/ft at 70 °F"
      },
      "method": "Value printed in a manufacturer technical bulletin, table headed as annealed material",
      "status": "ground",
      "source": "special-metals-800",
      "where": "Table 5, Electrical and Thermal Properties, row 20 °C (µΩ·m), column Electrical Resistivity",
      "source_detail": {
        "title": "INCOLOY alloy 800 technical bulletin (Special Metals Corporation)",
        "id": "UNS N08800, Werkstoff 1.4876",
        "url": "https://www.specialmetals.com/documents/technical-bulletins/incoloy/incoloy-alloy-800.pdf",
        "kind": "datasheet",
        "license": "Manufacturer technical bulletin (cited, not reproduced)"
      }
    },
    {
      "benchmark": "cte",
      "label": "Coefficient of thermal expansion, 21 to 100 °C, annealed",
      "value": 14.4,
      "bound": "exact",
      "unit": "µm/m/°C",
      "scope": "material",
      "conditions": {
        "grade": "alloy 800 (UNS N08800)",
        "temperature": "between 21 °C and 100 °C",
        "temper": "annealed",
        "basis": "mean value between 70 °F and the temperature shown"
      },
      "method": "Value printed in a manufacturer technical bulletin",
      "status": "ground",
      "source": "special-metals-800",
      "where": "Table 5, Electrical and Thermal Properties, row 100 °C, column Coefficient of Expansion (µm/m/°C)",
      "source_detail": {
        "title": "INCOLOY alloy 800 technical bulletin (Special Metals Corporation)",
        "id": "UNS N08800, Werkstoff 1.4876",
        "url": "https://www.specialmetals.com/documents/technical-bulletins/incoloy/incoloy-alloy-800.pdf",
        "kind": "datasheet",
        "license": "Manufacturer technical bulletin (cited, not reproduced)"
      }
    },
    {
      "benchmark": "curie_temperature",
      "label": "Curie temperature, alloy 800",
      "value": -115,
      "bound": "exact",
      "unit": "°C",
      "scope": "material",
      "conditions": {
        "grade": "alloy 800 (UNS N08800)",
        "unit_in_source": "-175 °F"
      },
      "method": "Value printed in a manufacturer technical bulletin",
      "status": "ground",
      "source": "special-metals-800",
      "where": "Table 3, Physical Constants, row Curie Temperature, °C",
      "source_detail": {
        "title": "INCOLOY alloy 800 technical bulletin (Special Metals Corporation)",
        "id": "UNS N08800, Werkstoff 1.4876",
        "url": "https://www.specialmetals.com/documents/technical-bulletins/incoloy/incoloy-alloy-800.pdf",
        "kind": "datasheet",
        "license": "Manufacturer technical bulletin (cited, not reproduced)"
      }
    },
    {
      "benchmark": "yield_strength",
      "label": "Yield strength 0.2 % offset at 25 °C, annealed",
      "value": 250,
      "bound": "exact",
      "unit": "MPa",
      "scope": "material",
      "conditions": {
        "grade": "alloy 800 (UNS N08800)",
        "temperature": "25 °C (80 °F)",
        "temper": "annealed",
        "heat_treatment_in_source": "annealed at 1800 °F (980 °C), per table footnote a",
        "unit_in_source": "36.2 ksi"
      },
      "method": "Value printed in a manufacturer technical bulletin, high-temperature hardness and tensile table",
      "status": "ground",
      "source": "special-metals-800",
      "where": "Table 8, Hardness and Tensile Properties at High Temperatures, row Annealed, 80 °F (25 °C), column Yield Strength (0.2 % Offset) MPa",
      "source_detail": {
        "title": "INCOLOY alloy 800 technical bulletin (Special Metals Corporation)",
        "id": "UNS N08800, Werkstoff 1.4876",
        "url": "https://www.specialmetals.com/documents/technical-bulletins/incoloy/incoloy-alloy-800.pdf",
        "kind": "datasheet",
        "license": "Manufacturer technical bulletin (cited, not reproduced)"
      }
    },
    {
      "benchmark": "ultimate_tensile_strength",
      "label": "Tensile strength at 25 °C, annealed",
      "value": 590,
      "bound": "exact",
      "unit": "MPa",
      "scope": "material",
      "conditions": {
        "grade": "alloy 800 (UNS N08800)",
        "temperature": "25 °C (80 °F)",
        "temper": "annealed",
        "heat_treatment_in_source": "annealed at 1800 °F (980 °C), per table footnote a",
        "unit_in_source": "85.5 ksi"
      },
      "method": "Value printed in a manufacturer technical bulletin, high-temperature hardness and tensile table",
      "status": "ground",
      "source": "special-metals-800",
      "where": "Table 8, Hardness and Tensile Properties at High Temperatures, row Annealed, 80 °F (25 °C), column Tensile Strength MPa",
      "source_detail": {
        "title": "INCOLOY alloy 800 technical bulletin (Special Metals Corporation)",
        "id": "UNS N08800, Werkstoff 1.4876",
        "url": "https://www.specialmetals.com/documents/technical-bulletins/incoloy/incoloy-alloy-800.pdf",
        "kind": "datasheet",
        "license": "Manufacturer technical bulletin (cited, not reproduced)"
      }
    },
    {
      "benchmark": "yield_strength",
      "label": "Yield strength 0.2 % offset at 650 °C, annealed",
      "value": 176,
      "bound": "exact",
      "unit": "MPa",
      "scope": "material",
      "conditions": {
        "grade": "alloy 800 (UNS N08800)",
        "temperature": "650 °C (1200 °F)",
        "temper": "annealed",
        "heat_treatment_in_source": "annealed at 1800 °F (980 °C), per table footnote a",
        "unit_in_source": "25.5 ksi"
      },
      "method": "Value printed in a manufacturer technical bulletin, high-temperature tensile table",
      "status": "ground",
      "source": "special-metals-800",
      "where": "Table 8, Hardness and Tensile Properties at High Temperatures, row Annealed, 1200 °F (650 °C), column Yield Strength (0.2 % Offset) MPa",
      "source_detail": {
        "title": "INCOLOY alloy 800 technical bulletin (Special Metals Corporation)",
        "id": "UNS N08800, Werkstoff 1.4876",
        "url": "https://www.specialmetals.com/documents/technical-bulletins/incoloy/incoloy-alloy-800.pdf",
        "kind": "datasheet",
        "license": "Manufacturer technical bulletin (cited, not reproduced)"
      }
    },
    {
      "benchmark": "ultimate_tensile_strength",
      "label": "Tensile strength at 650 °C, annealed",
      "value": 405,
      "bound": "exact",
      "unit": "MPa",
      "scope": "material",
      "conditions": {
        "grade": "alloy 800 (UNS N08800)",
        "temperature": "650 °C (1200 °F)",
        "temper": "annealed",
        "heat_treatment_in_source": "annealed at 1800 °F (980 °C), per table footnote a",
        "unit_in_source": "58.7 ksi"
      },
      "method": "Value printed in a manufacturer technical bulletin, high-temperature tensile table",
      "status": "ground",
      "source": "special-metals-800",
      "where": "Table 8, Hardness and Tensile Properties at High Temperatures, row Annealed, 1200 °F (650 °C), column Tensile Strength MPa",
      "source_detail": {
        "title": "INCOLOY alloy 800 technical bulletin (Special Metals Corporation)",
        "id": "UNS N08800, Werkstoff 1.4876",
        "url": "https://www.specialmetals.com/documents/technical-bulletins/incoloy/incoloy-alloy-800.pdf",
        "kind": "datasheet",
        "license": "Manufacturer technical bulletin (cited, not reproduced)"
      }
    },
    {
      "benchmark": "yield_strength",
      "label": "Yield strength 0.2 % offset at 30 °C, cold-drawn rod",
      "value": 690,
      "bound": "exact",
      "unit": "MPa",
      "scope": "material",
      "conditions": {
        "grade": "alloy 800 (UNS N08800)",
        "temperature": "30 °C (85 °F)",
        "temper": "cold-drawn rod, as drawn, 1 in (25 mm) diameter",
        "unit_in_source": "100.0 ksi"
      },
      "method": "Value printed in a manufacturer technical bulletin, cold-drawn rod table",
      "status": "ground",
      "source": "special-metals-800",
      "where": "Table 7, Tensile Properties of Cold-Drawn Rod, row 85 °F (30 °C), column Yield Strength (0.2 % Offset) MPa",
      "source_detail": {
        "title": "INCOLOY alloy 800 technical bulletin (Special Metals Corporation)",
        "id": "UNS N08800, Werkstoff 1.4876",
        "url": "https://www.specialmetals.com/documents/technical-bulletins/incoloy/incoloy-alloy-800.pdf",
        "kind": "datasheet",
        "license": "Manufacturer technical bulletin (cited, not reproduced)"
      }
    },
    {
      "benchmark": "ultimate_tensile_strength",
      "label": "Tensile strength at 30 °C, cold-drawn rod",
      "value": 771,
      "bound": "exact",
      "unit": "MPa",
      "scope": "material",
      "conditions": {
        "grade": "alloy 800 (UNS N08800)",
        "temperature": "30 °C (85 °F)",
        "temper": "cold-drawn rod, as drawn, 1 in (25 mm) diameter",
        "unit_in_source": "111.8 ksi"
      },
      "method": "Value printed in a manufacturer technical bulletin, cold-drawn rod table",
      "status": "ground",
      "source": "special-metals-800",
      "where": "Table 7, Tensile Properties of Cold-Drawn Rod, row 85 °F (30 °C), column Tensile Strength MPa",
      "source_detail": {
        "title": "INCOLOY alloy 800 technical bulletin (Special Metals Corporation)",
        "id": "UNS N08800, Werkstoff 1.4876",
        "url": "https://www.specialmetals.com/documents/technical-bulletins/incoloy/incoloy-alloy-800.pdf",
        "kind": "datasheet",
        "license": "Manufacturer technical bulletin (cited, not reproduced)"
      }
    },
    {
      "benchmark": "elongation",
      "label": "Elongation at 30 °C, cold-drawn rod",
      "value": 17,
      "bound": "exact",
      "unit": "%",
      "scope": "material",
      "conditions": {
        "grade": "alloy 800 (UNS N08800)",
        "temperature": "30 °C (85 °F)",
        "temper": "cold-drawn rod, as drawn, 1 in (25 mm) diameter"
      },
      "method": "Value printed in a manufacturer technical bulletin",
      "status": "ground",
      "source": "special-metals-800",
      "where": "Table 7, Tensile Properties of Cold-Drawn Rod, row 85 °F (30 °C), column Elongation %",
      "source_detail": {
        "title": "INCOLOY alloy 800 technical bulletin (Special Metals Corporation)",
        "id": "UNS N08800, Werkstoff 1.4876",
        "url": "https://www.specialmetals.com/documents/technical-bulletins/incoloy/incoloy-alloy-800.pdf",
        "kind": "datasheet",
        "license": "Manufacturer technical bulletin (cited, not reproduced)"
      }
    },
    {
      "benchmark": "fatigue_strength",
      "label": "Rotating-beam fatigue strength at 10^8 cycles, room temperature, hot-rolled annealed rod",
      "value": 214,
      "bound": "exact",
      "unit": "MPa",
      "scope": "material",
      "conditions": {
        "grade": "alloy 800 (UNS N08800)",
        "temperature": "room temperature",
        "temper": "hot-rolled, annealed 1950 °F (1065 °C) for 10 min, air cooled",
        "test": "rotating beam on polished specimens",
        "cycles": "10^8",
        "unit_in_source": "31 ksi"
      },
      "method": "Value printed in a manufacturer technical bulletin, room-temperature fatigue table",
      "status": "ground",
      "source": "special-metals-800",
      "where": "Table 12, Room-Temperature Fatigue Strength of Rod, row Hot-Rolled Annealed, 108 cycles, column MPa",
      "source_detail": {
        "title": "INCOLOY alloy 800 technical bulletin (Special Metals Corporation)",
        "id": "UNS N08800, Werkstoff 1.4876",
        "url": "https://www.specialmetals.com/documents/technical-bulletins/incoloy/incoloy-alloy-800.pdf",
        "kind": "datasheet",
        "license": "Manufacturer technical bulletin (cited, not reproduced)"
      }
    },
    {
      "benchmark": "charpy_impact_energy",
      "label": "Charpy keyhole impact energy at 21 °C, annealed plate, longitudinal",
      "value": 122,
      "bound": "exact",
      "unit": "J",
      "scope": "material",
      "conditions": {
        "grade": "alloy 800 (UNS N08800)",
        "temperature": "21 °C (70 °F)",
        "temper": "annealed plate, 0.8 in (20 mm) thick, annealed 1800 °F (980 °C)",
        "specimen": "longitudinal",
        "unit_in_source": "89.8 ft·lbf",
        "basis": "average of three tests"
      },
      "method": "Value printed in a manufacturer technical bulletin",
      "status": "ground",
      "source": "special-metals-800",
      "where": "Table 9, Impact Strength of Alloy 800, annealed plate, row 70 °F (21 °C) Longitudinal, column J",
      "source_detail": {
        "title": "INCOLOY alloy 800 technical bulletin (Special Metals Corporation)",
        "id": "UNS N08800, Werkstoff 1.4876",
        "url": "https://www.specialmetals.com/documents/technical-bulletins/incoloy/incoloy-alloy-800.pdf",
        "kind": "datasheet",
        "license": "Manufacturer technical bulletin (cited, not reproduced)"
      }
    }
  ],
  "corrosion": [
    {
      "environment": "Boiling 65 % nitric acid (Huey test), after heating at 540 to 760 °C",
      "headline": "Sensitised alloy 800 corrodes intergranularly; the Huey test separates sensitised from unsensitised material.",
      "effect": "The bulletin says an average rate substantially over about 24 mils per year (0.61 mm/yr) over five 48-hour periods indicates that the specimen is sensitised to some degree. Figures 12 and 13 show Huey rates after different sensitising treatments.",
      "rating": "moderate",
      "conditions": {
        "test": "Huey test, five consecutive 48-hour periods in boiling 65 % nitric acid",
        "sensitising_range": "1000 to 1400 °F (540 to 760 °C)"
      },
      "source": "special-metals-800",
      "where": "Corrosion Resistance section, Huey test paragraph"
    },
    {
      "environment": "Chloride solutions under tensile stress",
      "headline": "Alloy 800 is relatively free from chloride stress-corrosion cracking, though it can be made to crack in severe laboratory tests.",
      "effect": "The bulletin attributes the resistance to its nickel content, and says alloy 800 is commonly used to replace materials that have failed in service from stress-corrosion cracking. No crack-growth rate is given.",
      "rating": "low",
      "conditions": {
        "basis": "qualitative statement in the bulletin; no test numbers given for chloride cracking"
      },
      "source": "special-metals-800",
      "where": "Microstructure and Metallurgy section, chloride stress-corrosion paragraph"
    },
    {
      "environment": "High-temperature oxidising, carburising and sulphidising gases",
      "headline": "Chromium and nickel give alloy 800 resistance to oxidation, carburisation and sulphidation at elevated temperature.",
      "effect": "The bulletin says that at elevated temperatures alloy 800 offers resistance to oxidation, carburisation and sulphidation, with rupture and creep strength. It adds that iron gives resistance to internal oxidation.",
      "rating": "low",
      "conditions": {
        "basis": "qualitative statement in the bulletin introduction; no rates given"
      },
      "source": "special-metals-800",
      "where": "Introduction page, paragraph beginning 'INCOLOY alloy 800 (UNS N08800/W. Nr. 1.4876) is a widely used material'"
    }
  ],
  "risks": {
    "hazards": [
      {
        "text": "Special Metals safety data sheet for the Incoloy family (revised 30 November 2016): as shipped, these complex alloys in massive form have no known toxicological properties other than allergic reactions in people sensitive to the metals in them. Hazardous fume or dust emissions may be released during remelting, grinding, cutting or welding, and the classifications listed relate to those fumes and dust: skin sensitisation (H317), respiratory sensitisation (H334), respiratory irritation (H335), carcinogenicity category 1B (H350), suspected of damaging the unborn child (H361d), and organ damage from prolonged exposure (H372, H373).",
        "ghs": [
          "H317",
          "H334",
          "H335",
          "H350",
          "H361d",
          "H372",
          "H373"
        ],
        "source": "special-metals-sds",
        "where": "Section 2.1, Classification of the substance or mixture, CLP paragraph"
      },
      {
        "text": "NIST Standard Reference Material 1246 (Incoloy 800, wrought disk) is not classified under OSHA 29 CFR 1910.1200 as a physical or health hazard, and has no pictograms, hazard statements or signal word. It is exempt as an article.",
        "ghs": [],
        "source": "nist-srm1246",
        "where": "Product Identifier and OSHA paragraph, page 1"
      }
    ],
    "failure_risks": [
      {
        "mode": "Intergranular attack after sensitisation",
        "trigger": "Exposure to 540 to 760 °C (1000 to 1400 °F), for example from welding heat, followed by an aggressive medium such as nitric acid",
        "consequence": "Alloy 800 can become susceptible to intergranular corrosion. In the Huey test, boiling 65 % nitric acid over five 48-hour periods, an average rate substantially over about 24 mils per year (0.61 mm/yr) indicates sensitisation.",
        "severity": "moderate",
        "source": "special-metals-800",
        "where": "Corrosion Resistance section, Huey test paragraph"
      },
      {
        "mode": "Creep and rupture at high temperature",
        "trigger": "Long-term loading at high temperature; the bulletin's creep and rupture curves cover 500 to 705 °C",
        "consequence": "The bulletin says alloy 800 is not normally used where optimum creep-rupture strength is needed; alloys 800H and 800HT are used instead. The bulletin's creep and rupture curves (Figures 7 and 8) are typical data and are not recorded as values here.",
        "severity": "moderate",
        "source": "special-metals-800",
        "where": "Creep and Rupture Properties section, paragraph after Figure 7"
      },
      {
        "mode": "Stress-corrosion cracking in chloride",
        "trigger": "Chloride solutions under tensile stress",
        "consequence": "The bulletin says alloy 800 is relatively free from chloride stress-corrosion cracking, though it can be made to crack in severe laboratory tests.",
        "severity": "low",
        "source": "special-metals-800",
        "where": "Microstructure and Metallurgy section, chloride paragraph"
      }
    ],
    "side_effects": [],
    "handling": [
      {
        "text": "Clean the metal of oil, paint, grease and shop soil before heating, and heat in a low-sulfur, reducing atmosphere to avoid excessive oxidation.",
        "source": "special-metals-800",
        "where": "Working Instructions, Heating and Pickling"
      },
      {
        "text": "Anneal at about 1800 °F (980 °C): annealing is reasonably complete after 10 to 15 minutes at 1800 °F. Grain growth can occur above 1800 °F (980 °C).",
        "source": "special-metals-800",
        "where": "Working Instructions, annealing paragraph"
      },
      {
        "text": "Do not breathe dust or fumes when cutting, grinding or welding, and wear appropriate protective equipment when dusts or fumes are created.",
        "source": "special-metals-sds",
        "where": "Section 7.1, Precautions for safe handling"
      }
    ],
    "mitigations": []
  },
  "uses": [
    {
      "application": "thermal-control",
      "device": "Heat exchangers, piping and steam-generator tubing",
      "example": "Used for heat exchangers and piping in nitric acid media, for steam-generator tubing in nuclear power plants, for digester-liquor heaters in paper pulp production, and for air-cooling heat exchangers in petroleum processing.",
      "source": "special-metals-800",
      "where": "Introduction, paragraph beginning 'INCOLOY alloy 800 is used in a variety of applications'"
    },
    {
      "application": "structures",
      "device": "Heat-treating baskets, trays and fixtures",
      "example": "Used for heat-treating equipment such as baskets, trays and fixtures. The bulletin says equipment design at service temperatures up to about 1500 °F (816 °C) is usually based on tensile properties.",
      "source": "special-metals-800",
      "where": "Introduction, applications paragraph; Mechanical Properties section"
    }
  ],
  "supply": [
    {
      "subject": "Nickel (30.0 to 35.0 % of alloy 800)",
      "producers": [
        {
          "country": "Indonesia",
          "share_percent": 66.7,
          "year": 2025
        },
        {
          "country": "Philippines",
          "share_percent": 6.9,
          "year": 2025
        },
        {
          "country": "Russia",
          "share_percent": 5.1,
          "year": 2025
        },
        {
          "country": "Canada",
          "share_percent": 3.6,
          "year": 2025
        },
        {
          "country": "New Caledonia",
          "share_percent": 3.6,
          "year": 2025
        }
      ],
      "critical_lists": [],
      "recycling": "USGS: nickel recovered from scrap accounted for approximately 60 % of apparent consumption in 2025, and most recycled nickel was used to produce new alloys and stainless steel.",
      "substitutes": [
        "USGS: low-nickel, duplex or ultrahigh-chromium stainless steels have been substituted for austenitic grades; titanium alloys can substitute for nickel or nickel-base alloys in corrosive environments."
      ],
      "source": "usgs-mcs2026-nickel",
      "where": "World Mine Production and Reserves table, 2025e column: Indonesia 2,600,000 t, Philippines 270,000 t, Russia 200,000 t, Canada 140,000 t, New Caledonia 140,000 t, world total (rounded) 3,900,000 t. Shares were calculated by Space Mushroom from these printed values; Recycling and Substitutes sections."
    },
    {
      "subject": "Chromium (19.0 to 23.0 % of alloy 800)",
      "producers": [
        {
          "country": "South Africa",
          "share_percent": 45.1,
          "year": 2025
        },
        {
          "country": "Turkey",
          "share_percent": 17.6,
          "year": 2025
        },
        {
          "country": "Kazakhstan",
          "share_percent": 13.7,
          "year": 2025
        },
        {
          "country": "India",
          "share_percent": 5.9,
          "year": 2025
        }
      ],
      "critical_lists": [],
      "substitutes": [
        "USGS: chromium has no substitute in stainless steel, the leading end use, or in superalloys, the major strategic end use."
      ],
      "source": "usgs-mcs2026-chromium",
      "where": "World Mine Production and Reserves table, 2025e column: South Africa 23,000, Turkey 9,000, Kazakhstan 7,000, India 3,000, world total (rounded) 51,000 thousand t. The table header gives chromium content, but footnote 12 says mine production is reported in gross weight, so the units are as printed and the shares are calculated by Space Mushroom from the printed totals. Substitutes section."
    }
  ],
  "media": [],
  "documents": [
    {
      "title": "Special Metals, INCOLOY alloy 800 technical bulletin (UNS N08800, W.Nr. 1.4876)",
      "type": "datasheet",
      "url": "https://www.specialmetals.com/documents/technical-bulletins/incoloy/incoloy-alloy-800.pdf"
    },
    {
      "title": "Special Metals, INCOLOY alloys 800H and 800HT technical bulletin (UNS N08810, N08811)",
      "type": "datasheet",
      "url": "https://www.specialmetals.com/documents/technical-bulletins/incoloy/incoloy-alloy-800h-800ht.pdf"
    },
    {
      "title": "Special Metals safety data sheet for Inconel, Incoloy, Monel and related alloys (revision 30 November 2016)",
      "type": "sds",
      "url": "https://www.specialmetals.com/documents/msds.pdf",
      "year": 2016
    },
    {
      "title": "NIST Standard Reference Material 1246, Incoloy 800, safety data sheet (28 April 2014)",
      "type": "sds",
      "url": "https://tsapps.nist.gov/srmext/msds/1246-MSDS.pdf",
      "year": 2014
    },
    {
      "title": "USGS Mineral Commodity Summaries 2026: Nickel",
      "type": "report",
      "url": "https://pubs.usgs.gov/periodicals/mcs2026/mcs2026-nickel.pdf",
      "year": 2026
    },
    {
      "title": "USGS Mineral Commodity Summaries 2026: Chromium",
      "type": "report",
      "url": "https://pubs.usgs.gov/periodicals/mcs2026/mcs2026-chromium.pdf",
      "year": 2026
    },
    {
      "title": "Aircraft Materials, Incoloy Alloy 800 / 800H / 800HT data page",
      "type": "database",
      "url": "https://aircraftmaterials.com/data/nickel/alloy800.html"
    },
    {
      "title": "Tachart, INCOLOY 800 alias page",
      "type": "database",
      "url": "https://www.tachart.com/?p=490"
    },
    {
      "title": "Wikipedia: Incoloy",
      "type": "database",
      "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Incoloy",
      "year": 2026
    }
  ],
  "gaps": [
    "No spacecraft, rocket or satellite use of Incoloy 800 was found in the sources opened. Several NASA searches returned other nickel alloys (Incoloy 903, Inconel 718, Mar-M 247), which are not Incoloy 800, so no space use is recorded.",
    "No EN name (X10NiCrAlTi32-20 style) for alloy 800 was taken from a datasheet of this grade. A German datasheet prints that name for 1.4876H and 1.4958 (the 800H grades), so it was not used. The tachart alias list prints 'X10NiCrAITi32.20' with a capital I in the place of a lower-case l, and it was not recorded as an EN name.",
    "Values are for alloy 800 only. The 800H and 800HT grades (UNS N08810, N08811) have their own creep and rupture data, and only their composition limits and UNS numbers are recorded here.",
    "The Charpy result is recorded under the non-canonical name charpy_impact_energy, because no canonical impact property was found in the property canon.",
    "The 800H bulletin gives the same physical constants as the alloy 800 bulletin, but its tensile and creep tables are for 800H and 800HT and were not used.",
    "No elongation or reduction of area for annealed alloy 800 at room temperature was found in the bulletin; the elongation value recorded is for cold-drawn rod.",
    "No national or ASTM minimum strength values for alloy 800 were opened. The aircraft materials page gives minimums only for 800H and 800HT, which are not used.",
    "No nickel or chromium critical-mineral listing was printed in the USGS 2026 summaries opened here, so critical_lists is empty.",
    "No PubChem or ECHA record exists for the alloy as a whole. Hazard classifications come from the Special Metals family SDS, which covers the fumes and dust from processing, not the solid metal.",
    "Corrosion rates in aqueous media are in a separate Special Metals publication (SMC-026, Resistance to Aqueous Corrosion), which was not opened.",
    "Atomic oxygen, outgassing, radiation, and cold-welding results in vacuum were not looked up for this alloy."
  ],
  "story": {
    "why": "Alloy 800 is an iron-nickel-chromium alloy with 30 to 35 % nickel and 19 to 23 % chromium. The nickel keeps the structure austenitic, and the chromium gives resistance to oxidation and to many aqueous media. Annealed, it has a yield strength of 250 MPa at 25 °C and 176 MPa at 650 °C, a density of 7.94 g/cm3 and a melting range of 1357 to 1385 °C. Special Metals invented the 800 series, and Inco created the Incoloy trademark (Wikipedia).",
    "uses": [
      {
        "where": "Heat exchangers and piping",
        "line": "The bulletin lists heat exchangers and piping in nitric acid media, steam-generator tubing in nuclear plants, digester-liquor heaters in pulp mills, and air-cooling heat exchangers in petroleum processing."
      },
      {
        "where": "Heat-treating fixtures",
        "line": "Baskets, trays and fixtures for heat treatment are a major use, and the bulletin says strength is used up to about 1500 °F (816 °C)."
      }
    ],
    "can_do": [
      {
        "label": "Strength at room temperature",
        "line": "Annealed alloy 800 has a yield strength of 250 MPa and a tensile strength of 590 MPa at 25 °C.",
        "benchmark": "yield_strength",
        "scope": "material",
        "value": "250 MPa yield (annealed)"
      },
      {
        "label": "Strength at 650 °C",
        "line": "At 650 °C the annealed alloy has a tensile strength of 405 MPa and a yield strength of 176 MPa.",
        "benchmark": "yield_strength",
        "scope": "material",
        "value": "176 MPa yield (annealed)"
      },
      {
        "label": "Stronger when cold drawn",
        "line": "Cold-drawn 1 in rod has a yield strength of 690 MPa and a tensile strength of 771 MPa at 30 °C, with 17 % elongation.",
        "benchmark": "yield_strength",
        "scope": "material",
        "value": "690 MPa yield (cold-drawn rod)"
      },
      {
        "label": "Heat conduction",
        "line": "Thermal conductivity of annealed material is 11.5 W/m°C at 20 °C, so the alloy is chosen for strength and corrosion resistance rather than for heat spreading.",
        "benchmark": "thermal_conductivity",
        "scope": "material",
        "value": "11.5 W/m°C at 20 °C"
      },
      {
        "label": "Weight",
        "line": "Density is 7.94 g/cm3 (0.287 lb/in3).",
        "benchmark": "density",
        "scope": "material",
        "value": "7.94 g/cm3"
      }
    ],
    "compare": "Among this site's metals, alloy 800 is a high-temperature corrosion-resistant alloy rather than a conductor or a light structural metal. The strength and density rows are its defining values. The 800H and 800HT grades trade some corrosion behaviour for higher creep strength, so compare them only after checking the grade.",
    "compare_rows": [
      {
        "label": "Density",
        "benchmark": "density",
        "scope": "material"
      },
      {
        "label": "Yield strength at 25 °C",
        "benchmark": "yield_strength",
        "scope": "material"
      },
      {
        "label": "Thermal conductivity at 20 °C",
        "benchmark": "thermal_conductivity",
        "scope": "material"
      }
    ],
    "handling": [
      "Specify the condition, because strength depends strongly on cold work and heat treatment.",
      "Anneal at about 1800 °F (980 °C) for 10 to 15 minutes after forming, and clean the surface before heating.",
      "Ventilate when cutting, grinding or welding, and do not breathe fumes or dust."
    ],
    "good_for": [
      "Parts that must keep strength up to about 816 °C (1500 °F), such as heat-treating fixtures and process tubing.",
      "Chloride environments where stress-corrosion cracking is a concern, as the bulletin says it is relatively free from it.",
      "Equipment that handles nitric acid and petroleum process streams."
    ],
    "watch_out": [
      "Heating at 540 to 760 °C can sensitise the alloy. Welding heat can do this, and the bulletin says to take care before pickling or other aggressive service.",
      "For long-term high-temperature loading, the bulletin points to 800H or 800HT, not alloy 800.",
      "Fumes and dust from cutting, grinding and welding carry the health classifications in the Special Metals safety data sheet.",
      "No space use, outgassing, atomic-oxygen or radiation result was found for this alloy."
    ],
    "verdict": "Incoloy 800 is a corrosion-resistant, high-temperature iron-nickel-chromium alloy, with 250 MPa yield strength when annealed and use up to about 816 °C. It is heavy at 7.94 g/cm3, conducts heat poorly, and is sensitised by heating at 540 to 760 °C. For long-term creep loading the bulletin points to 800H or 800HT. No spacecraft use was found.",
    "recipe": {
      "line": "Alloy 800 is an austenitic solid-solution alloy of nickel, chromium and iron, with aluminium and titanium also specified. Titanium nitrides, titanium carbides and chromium carbides normally appear in the microstructure (Special Metals bulletin). The composition limits are as printed in the bulletin's Table 2.",
      "parts": [
        {
          "name": "Nickel",
          "symbol": "Ni",
          "role": "Keeps a ductile austenitic structure and gives resistance to chloride stress-corrosion cracking."
        },
        {
          "name": "Chromium",
          "symbol": "Cr",
          "role": "Gives aqueous and heat resistance."
        },
        {
          "name": "Iron",
          "symbol": "Fe",
          "role": "Gives resistance to internal oxidation."
        },
        {
          "name": "Aluminium",
          "symbol": "Al",
          "role": "Specified within 0.15 to 0.60 % in alloy 800; the bulletin lists it with titanium in the composition limits."
        },
        {
          "name": "Titanium",
          "symbol": "Ti",
          "role": "Titanium nitrides and titanium carbides normally appear in the microstructure."
        },
        {
          "name": "Carbon",
          "symbol": "C",
          "role": "Limited to 0.10 % maximum in alloy 800; 800H has a higher carbon range, specified for higher creep and rupture strength."
        }
      ]
    },
    "risk_groups": [
      {
        "title": "For people",
        "lead": "The solid alloy is not a known health hazard in the sources. The hazards come from fumes and dust made when it is melted, ground, cut or welded.",
        "points": [
          {
            "label": "The metal as shipped",
            "line": "The Special Metals safety data sheet says that, as shipped in massive form, these alloys have no known toxicological properties other than allergic reactions in sensitive people. NIST does not classify its Incoloy 800 reference disk as hazardous."
          },
          {
            "label": "Fumes and dust",
            "line": "The same sheet classifies the fumes and dust from remelting, grinding, cutting or welding. It lists skin and respiratory sensitisation, carcinogenicity category 1B (H350) and organ damage from repeated exposure (H372, H373)."
          }
        ],
        "level": 1,
        "verdict": "Hazard from fumes and dust"
      },
      {
        "title": "If it fails",
        "lead": "These failure routes are in the bulletin. None of them is a measured flight result.",
        "points": [
          {
            "label": "Sensitisation",
            "line": "Heating at 540 to 760 °C can make alloy 800 susceptible to intergranular attack in aggressive media. In the Huey test, a rate substantially over about 24 mils per year (0.61 mm/yr) in boiling 65 % nitric acid shows sensitisation."
          },
          {
            "label": "Creep",
            "line": "For long-term loading at high temperature, the bulletin points to alloys 800H and 800HT instead of alloy 800."
          },
          {
            "label": "Chloride cracking",
            "line": "Alloy 800 is relatively free from chloride stress-corrosion cracking, though it can be made to crack in severe laboratory tests."
          }
        ]
      },
      {
        "title": "Handling and storage",
        "points": [
          {
            "label": "Clean and heat",
            "line": "Clean the surface before heating and heat in a low-sulfur, reducing atmosphere. Annealing at about 1800 °F (980 °C) for 10 to 15 minutes is reasonably complete."
          },
          {
            "label": "Ventilate",
            "line": "Ventilate and wear protection when cutting, grinding or welding, and do not breathe the dust or fumes."
          }
        ]
      }
    ]
  },
  "updated": "2026-10-26",
  "review": {
    "status": "draft",
    "method": "assistant",
    "checked_values": 18,
    "unreachable": 0,
    "caveats": 5,
    "note": "Values were read by an AI assistant on 2026-10-26 from the Special Metals alloy 800 bulletin (PDF text extracted with pdftotext). Caveats: the bulletin's strength values are for specific product forms and tempers, listed separately; the 800H and 800HT values are not used; the chromium supply table's unit wording is inconsistent in the source; the shares are calculated from printed tonnages; no space use was found."
  },
  "sources": {
    "special-metals-800": {
      "title": "INCOLOY alloy 800 technical bulletin (Special Metals Corporation)",
      "id": "UNS N08800, Werkstoff 1.4876",
      "url": "https://www.specialmetals.com/documents/technical-bulletins/incoloy/incoloy-alloy-800.pdf",
      "kind": "datasheet",
      "license": "Manufacturer technical bulletin (cited, not reproduced)"
    },
    "special-metals-800h": {
      "title": "INCOLOY alloys 800H and 800HT technical bulletin (Special Metals Corporation)",
      "id": "UNS N08810, UNS N08811",
      "url": "https://www.specialmetals.com/documents/technical-bulletins/incoloy/incoloy-alloy-800h-800ht.pdf",
      "kind": "datasheet",
      "license": "Manufacturer technical bulletin (cited, not reproduced)"
    },
    "special-metals-sds": {
      "title": "Safety data sheet for Inconel, Incoloy, Monel and related alloys (Special Metals), revision 30 November 2016",
      "url": "https://www.specialmetals.com/documents/msds.pdf",
      "kind": "datasheet",
      "license": "Manufacturer safety data sheet (cited, not reproduced)"
    },
    "nist-srm1246": {
      "title": "NIST Standard Reference Material 1246, Incoloy 800, safety data sheet",
      "url": "https://tsapps.nist.gov/srmext/msds/1246-MSDS.pdf",
      "kind": "datasheet",
      "license": "NIST public document"
    },
    "usgs-mcs2026-nickel": {
      "title": "Mineral Commodity Summaries 2026: Nickel",
      "url": "https://pubs.usgs.gov/periodicals/mcs2026/mcs2026-nickel.pdf",
      "year": 2026,
      "kind": "report",
      "license": "public domain (USGS)"
    },
    "usgs-mcs2026-chromium": {
      "title": "Mineral Commodity Summaries 2026: Chromium",
      "url": "https://pubs.usgs.gov/periodicals/mcs2026/mcs2026-chromium.pdf",
      "year": 2026,
      "kind": "report",
      "license": "public domain (USGS)"
    },
    "aircraftmaterials": {
      "title": "Incoloy Alloy 800 / 800H / 800HT, Aircraft Materials data page",
      "url": "https://aircraftmaterials.com/data/nickel/alloy800.html",
      "kind": "web",
      "license": "web page (cited, not reproduced)"
    },
    "tachart": {
      "title": "INCOLOY 800 alias page, Tachart",
      "url": "https://www.tachart.com/?p=490",
      "kind": "web",
      "license": "web page (cited, not reproduced)"
    },
    "wikipedia-incoloy": {
      "title": "Incoloy, Wikipedia",
      "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Incoloy",
      "year": 2026,
      "kind": "web",
      "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0 (cited, not reproduced)"
    }
  },
  "license": "CC-BY-4.0",
  "url": "https://spacemushroom.com/profiles/incoloy-800/"
}